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23  WIST  MAIN  STRUT 

WIBSTH,N.Y.  I4SM 

(716)  •72-4S03 


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J.>i     •     \    ■:■■ 

CIHM 
Microfiche 
Series 
(i\Aonographs) 


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ICMH 

Collectioh  dd 
microfiches/ 
(monograpliies) 


V 


^ 


Canadian  Inatituta  /qr  Hiatorical  MMroraproductiona  /  Institut  Canadian  da  microraproductiona  hiatoriquaa 


<  Jt 


Ttchnical  and  Bibliographic  Notts  /  Notti  ttchniqiitt  tt  bibliosraphiquM 


tK«  Institute  has  attamptMl  to  obtain  tht  bts^  orifinal 
copy  availabk  for  filming.  Faaturts  of  this  c^py  which 
may  bt  bibliographicaNy  wiiqiit.  which  may  ilter  any 
of  tht  imagts  in  tht  rtproduction,  or  which  inay 
significantly  change  tht  usual  mtthod  of  filing,  art 
chtcked  btlow. 


□  Colourtd  covtrs/ 
Couvtrturt  dt  coultur 

J: 

□  Covtrs  damaged/ 
Couvtrturt  andommagit 

□  Covtrs  rtstorad  and/or  lammatad/ 
Couvtrturt  rtstauria  tt/ou  ptiliculte 


DS 


Covtr  titit  mining/ 

titrt  dt  couvtrturt  manqut 


□  Colourtd  maps/ 
Cartas  glographiquts  an  coultur 

□  Coloyrtii  ink  (>•••  othtr  than  blut  or  Mack)/ 
Encrt  dt  coultur  |i.t.  autrt  qut  bitut  ou  noirt) 


d 


Colojvrtd  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 
Planchts  f  t/ou  illustrations  tn  coultur 


□  Bound  with  othtr  matarial/ 
Relit  avtc  d'autrts  documtnts 

0  Tight  binding  may  causa  shadows  or  distortion 
along  intarior  margin/  / 

La  rtliurt  etrrfe  ptut  caustr  dt  I'ombrt  oU  dt  la  |«/ 
distorsion  la  long  da  la  marge  intiriturt 


b 


Alank  Itavas  added  during  restoration  may  appa^r 
within  tht  taxt  Whtntvtr  possiblt.  thtst  havt 
bttn  omittid  from  filming/ 
II  St  ptut  qut  ctrttints  pagM  Mandws  ajoutits 
lors  d'unt  itstauration  apparaissant  dans  It  toxta. 
mais.  lorsqua  cab  ftait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  M  f  limits. 


L'institut  a  microfilm^  le  meilleur  tKtmplairt  qu'il 
lui  a  M  possilMt  dt  st  procurtr.  Lts  details  dt  cet 
txtmplairt  qui  son!  ptut4trt  uniquts  du  point  dt  vuc 
bibliographiqut,  qui  ptuvtnt  modif  itr  unk'  image 
raproduite.  ou  qui  ptuvtnt  txigtr  unt  modif  ijcation 
dans  la  mtthodt  normalt  de  f  ilmage  sont  indiquis 
ci-dessous. 


P  Coloured  pages/ 
Pages  de  couleur 

r  yA  Pages  damaged/ 
I       I  Pfegn  endommaji^ 

□  Pagn  ristorad  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restauries  tt/ou  ptilicultes 

0Pagts  diseokMirad.  ttaintd  or  foxtd/ 
Pages  dicolortes,  tachetles  ou  piquies 

□  Pages  detached/ 
Pages  d*tach«es 

0Showthrough/ 
Trafisparetict 


n 


Quality  of  print  varies/ 
Qualiti  intgale  de  rimpressioth 


□  Continuous  pagination/ 
Pagination  continue 

□  Incudes  indexles)/ 
ComQrtnd  un  (dts)  indtx 


n 


TitIt  on  headtr  taken  from:/ 
Lt  titrt  dt  I'tn-tlta  provitnt: 

TitIt  page  of  issue/ 

Page  de  titre  de  la  iivraison 


r~~l  Captton  of  issue/ 


D 


Titre  de  depart  de  la  Iivraison 
IMasthaad/  ,*'r'^' 


0 


AdditioiMl  comments:/ 
Oommtntairas  lupplimtntairts: 


Giniriqut  (piriodiquts)  de  la  Iivraison 
■rfnkled  pages  aay  fflei  sifghtly  out  of  focus.     Various  paglngs. 


This  itam  is  filmed  at  lite  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  f  ilml  au  ttux  de  reduction  indiquA  ci-dessous. 


1  >/7 


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fiimli 


Origii 
b«giv 

tfMll 

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dtlMif 
nn%i 
•ion. 
or  Hit 


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shall 
TINUl 
whiel 

Maps 

diffor 
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bogin 
rioht  I 
roquii 
motlM 


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R  3Uk  j„  .:M^.^midi^^sk^».%  -.  *t^-iiMi,.te  liu.  iiiilt'i'fc*.. 


lu'il 
cet 
de  vue 

K 
ition 


Hm  copy  filmed  h«r«  hM  t—n  raprodue»d  thanks 
to  th«  floiMrotitv  ofl . 

Library  of  thaltotioMr 
ArehivM  of  CMMda 


Th«  ImsflM  appearing  hara  iia  tha  bast  quality 
possibia  eonsidaring  tha  aondltion  and  lagibility 
of  tha  original  eopy  and  in  itaaping  with  tha 
filming  contract  apadficationa. 


Original  capias  in  printad  papar  aovars  ara  fllmad 
baginfilng  witfi<ttia  front  cevar  and  anding  on 
ttM  iasVPOQO.with  a  prIhtM  or  Hluatratad  impraa- 
aion,  or  tfia  bacli  covar  wtian  approprlata.  Ail 
dthar  original  copiaa  ara  fHmad  baginriing  on  ttia 
first  paga  whh  a  printad  or  IHiiatratad  impraa- 
aion.  andanding  on  tha  iaat  paga  with  a  printad 
or  Hluatratad  imprassion. 


U-- 


L'aKampiaira  fiim4  fut  raproduit  gr4ca  A  la 
gAnArositA  ds: 

U  bibliothAquf  dtt  Archivts 
ratioiMlM  du  Canada 


Las  imagas  suhrantas  ont  At*  raproduitas  avoc  la 
plus  grsnd  soin.  eompts  tanu  da  la  condition  at 
da  la  nattat*  da  I'axamplaira  film*,  at  •!!> 
conformity  avae  las  conditions  du  contrst  da 
/fllmaga. 

Las  asamplairas  originaux  dont  la  couvartura  an 
papiar  aat  ImprimAa  sont  fiimAaph  commandant 
par  la  pramiar  plat  at  m  tarminant  solt  par  la   . 
damlAra  paga  qui  comporta  una  amprairita 
dlmprqsslon  ou  dlNustration.  aolt  par  la  second 
plat,  qafon  la  cas.  Tout  las  autras  axamplairas 
originaux  sont  filmAs  an  commandant  par  la 
pramMra  paga  qui  comporta  una  amprbinta 
dimpraasion  ou  dlllustrstion  at  an  tarminant  par 
la  damlAra  paga  .qui  comporta  una  tails 
amprainta. 


■r^ 


Tha  Iaat  racbrdad  frama  on  aach  microfiche 
ahall  contain  tha  aymbol  ^^  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"}, or  tho  symbol  ▼  (meaning  "END"). 
whiclMver  applies. 


Un  des  symboles  suhrents  sppereftra  sur  Is 
damiAre  image  de  cl«eque  microfiche,  ssion  is 
cas:  la  symbola  — ^  signifie  "A  8UIVRE".  le 
symbols  ▼  signifie  "^IN".  i 


Maps,  plitas.  charts,  atcv..  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  retioa.  Thoae  too  ierge  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  expoeura  ara  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hend  comer,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  aa  many  frames  ss 
required.  The  following  diegrams  Hiustrate  the 
method: 


cartas,  planchas.  tablaeux.  etc..  peuvent  Atre 
filmAs  A  des  taux  da  rAduction  diff Arents. 
Lorsque  ie  document  eet  trop.  grsnd  pour  Atre 
repreduH  en  un  soul  cliehA.  11  est  filrnA  A  pcrtir 
de  I'engle  supArieur  geuche.  do  geuche  A  droits. 
et  de  haut  en  bes.  en  prenarit  la  nombra 
d'images  nAcessaire.  Las  diagrammes  suivsnts 
illustrent  ie  mAthode. 


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ftf  Scttien. 


pgto.  OF  HEwi] 

COAriVfUKl^TION 


rko^/T 


SECRETARY  OF  THE  .TREASURY, 


AHaMimiia, 


t  IN  COMPLIANeE  WITH  A  BESpLUTION  OF  THE  SENATE  OP  MARCH  8.  1851. 


REPORT  Of  ISRAEL  D.  ANDREWS, 

aotnav  of  tot  nwitED  statbb  foe  canada  and  new  BnoNswiot, 


outbc 


TRADE  AND  COMMERCE 


or  TIB 


BRntlSH  NORTH  AMERICAN  COLONIES, 


AHB  VrOU  THB 


V 


im^  OF  THE  GREAT  LAKES  AND  RIVERS; 


-AUO. 


^ifOTiOM  or  Tn  WTBRNAL  IMPB^yEMENTS.JN  BACH  BTATE,  OF  Tin  WJLt  Of 
^CO  AND  OTBArra  or  FLOBIOA,  AND  A  PAPEK  ON  TBM 
OOTTOM  CEOP  or  THE  ITNTTED  BTATEa. 


/ 

;f, :.  J 

l^^ji^-';^-*'' 

"i^E 

Sfe^'-   V'-'-'t^ 

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H 

WASHINGTON: 

SOBEBT  ABMflTSONa.  PRINTER 

1858. 


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;/tf.-».-a' 


COMMUNICAI'ION 


nOM   THI 


SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


I- 


IN  THE  HOUSE  OF  KEPRE8ENTATIVES  i 

^".^o?i±:T?£:lS'^%«S;s  rf  tt  t^  ^^  *»  ^-  ^^  •»  t*.. 

LxU^wHb  the  tidTofl^fSMZih  a™^"^  t«de  of  the  United  8t«te.  «d  ito  oST 
fer  the  aw  of  thli  Hoaio  ^  American  provinoet  and  the  iUheriei,  be  printed 


R,«  .  TK  w       J*^^^"*^  Depaktment,  ^^j^^  26,  1862. 

toiH:  Ihe  resolution  of  the  Senate  of  thp  firh  Mn^^i,   iqk* 
the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  to  ^^ommurdclte  t^T^^k^^^r'  "^"T 

I  am,  respectfully, 


Hon.  Wm.  R.  Kino, 

President  pro  tern.  U.  8.  Senate. 


THO.  CORWm, 
Secretary  of  the  Treofwy, 


•■\ 


>i^J>^$^M!n,   \ 


^Mmr 


■\  - 


V. 


*4 


«*»Mi>— * 


SCHJDULl  Of  DOCUlllNTS. 


•i 


fifewm/  ^roductory;  compming  a  review  of  the  trade  of  the  irrea* 
merce  of  the  North  Americaii  Ooteliiefc  **^ 

For  Part  m, /see  Appendix. 

canals,  American  and  CoroniaL  »  "  "^^  "**?     4K°^  *"<* 
;    transit  tradfe.  internal  iS^S^  S^  '  ^T*"  «>°»merce, 

».vJH«io«  rfthe  ^ocTZ^  observauon,  „  the  ft« 


with  the  proposedTt^liS^   r     r  ^  i**"'  "»  «»«»«ioft 
that  port  to  1^«S     T^'*^  °^  *  ^®  ^'^  rteaniships  from 

fron.nceV^^itSstaTr^^"'  '^  ^^'^^  '^^ 


f%: 


^^"^  >'i^y&~^iy^^^^><tiU4^dl;7.udi  & ' 


f 


IX.  J^e  Colony  ofPrt$ue  Edward  Mmd;  its  ajpcultural  capabilitiW 
trade,  commerce,  and  position,  in  relation  "td  the  fisheries  <rf 
the  Gulf  of  St  Lawrence. 

X  The  IiUercoune  between  Great  Britain  and  her  North  American  Colo- 
nies ;  accompanied  by  tabular  statements  and  returns. 

XI.  The  Trade  ^$ome  of  the  Mawtic  ports  of  the  United  States  with  the 
North  American  Colonies  by  sea,'  illustrated  by  tablei^  and  re- 
turns, accompanied  by  a  map  of  the  Lower  Colonies ;  pre- 
pared expressly  for  this  report 

■Xn.  JReview  of  the  present  state  of  the  Deep-sea  Fisheries  qf  New  England; 
prepared  specially  for  jhis  rgaort  by  Wm.  A  Weltaan,  assist- 
ant collector  of  the  pott  of  Boston,  under  the  direction  of  P. 
Greely,  esq.,  coBector  of ,  that  port,  with  valuable  statistical 
statements  and  tabular  returns. 

Xm.  The  French  Fisheries  of  Newfoundland^  translated  from  official 
French  documents,  obtained  in  Paris  purposely  ht  this  re- 
port 

,  '  APPENDIX: 

-Containing  notices  of  the  internal  and  domestic  commerce — Tendency 

of  Ohio  commerce,  Cincinnati,  Pittsburg,  Louisville,  St.  Louis 

Steam-marine  of  the  interior,  New  Orleans,  Mobile,  Gulf  of  Mexico 
and  Straits  of  Florida — Cotton  prop  of  the  United  States — (Jommercc 
•of  the  Atlantic  States  and  cities,  and  tables  of  the  tonnage  of  each 
Statt^i  during  a  series  of  year^ 


■i- 

I 


A;'i 


capabilitiflt-' 
fisheries  ai 


nericanColo' 
irns. 

tau»  with  the 
blei  and  re- 
lonies;  pre* 

no  England; 
boan,  ossist- 
Bction  of  P. 
e  fitatistical 

rom  official 
iot  this  re- 


-Tendency 
It.  Louis — 
of  Mexico, 
■(/Ommercc 
B;e  of  each 


NOTE. 


In  the  progress  of  the  preparaUon  of  the  report,  it  was  found  neces- 
4^  to  change  Part  III  to^ta  apper^ix,  which  contains  notices  of  the 
trade  and  commerce  of  Cmcmnati,  LouisviUe,  Sl  Louis,  Pittsburg. 
Wew  Orleans,  the  steam-manne  of  the  interior,  of  the  inland  wateS 
routes,  the  increase  and  value  of  the  foreign  and  domestic  trade,  navi- 
gation, &c.,  &c.;  as  also  tables  showing  the  exports  and  imports  of  the 
pnncpal  Adantic  States  for  a  series  of  years,  and  stat^m^ts  of  the' 
increase  in  the  tonnage  of  the  several  States  from  1836,  with  the  peir 
cent,  mcrease  of  the  total  tonnage,  and  that  of  the  several  States, 
tl,;  •  T^/°"^^;y«^  very  desiraBle  to  publish  a  particular  account  of 
the  inland,  coasUng,  and  foreign  trade  of  the  principal  AtlanUc  cities, 
and  a  porUon  of  the  materials  were  collected  for  that  purpose-  but 
lor  the  want  of  correct  staUstical  data,  it  was  found  to  be  impossible  nS 
nave  them  of  a  character  suited  to  this  report. 

«f^i'^£'Ti'"  *^«*^*^.^"  ^>  P^ce  my  thanks  to  Mr.  N.  Davidson,  late 
-of  the  Buffalo  Advertiser,  for ^13  very  valuable  and  intelligent  services 
in  the  preparation  of  the  report,  parUcularly  in  those  pordons  relating 
to  the  trade  of  the  lakes  and  the  importance  and  value  of  the  interiS, 

The  importance  of  the  Mississippi  trade,  through  the  Gulf  of  Mexico, 
/r*^  P^^'°?  «*^  the  Union,  it  is  presumed  wUl  be  regarded  by  all  as 
a  full  justOication  for  the  copious  notices,  in  the  appendix,  of  the  Gulf 

?« \k     T  i^"^  '^^  ®*™'If  ^»f*^*5  ^**  ^^  ^al"e  of  t»»e  cotton  crop, 
to  the  whole  countrjr  called  pfthe  extended  and  complete  expositioK 
m  regar£to  it  there  inserted.    SimUar  reasons-^ind  t?  exoneiSte  the 
report  from  the  imputation  of  being  secUonal— demanded  the  notices 
'Of  the  conamerce,  radroads,  &c.,  of  the  southern  States  and  southern 
<:itie8.    It  IS  beheved  no  one  will  object  ihax  they  were  not  within  the 
■  J^^  ^^^^  ^^  ^^  resolution  under  which  the  report  was  pro- ' 

pared.    The  annexed  map  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  and  Straits  of  F^ 
Ida,  and  Isthmup  of  Tehuantepec,  furnished,  as  before  stated,  by  the  ' 
Coast  Survey,  is,  the  first  one  of  the  kind  ever  published  from  au- 
thentic sources.    It  mil  be  found  int<ire8ting  in  iUustration  of  the  views 
taken  m  the  paper  contained  in  this  report  respecting  this  American 
•ea,  and  generally  with  reference  to  other  considerations.    The  labors 
^t  ttie  Ooast  Survey  are  progressing  in  that  quarter,  and  ere  long  their 
-  !!f    ^^"  be  published.    This  map  is  but  an  index  of  what  Ihey  wiU 
c     C^^^^^^^^  "*.*®  severest  labor  and  the  hiriiest  order  x 
t^joentifej  skat  can  rendwl^Bm,  their,  useMness  to  ourcommerce 
wm  be  unappreciable,  and  their  benefits  will  extend  through  ages. 

WA«nf<rroif ,  1682.  ^^ 


\ 


•?^  \-^.    iCw^  . 


../ 


J 


\  ■ 


6/ 


^- 


I    iDtrodnctJ 

Lnperfeot 

oorreoti 

Statiitioal 

Hie  umu 

In  tie  abt 

greatly  ( 

ThebulD 

Influence  i 

Growth  of 

Thideof  tl 

The  great] 

Harbon  ot 

The  neccMT 

Praised  c 

Elements  o 

Propoiid  ft 

Trade  an^ 

Area  and  ]M 

•  Export!  of 

SUp-buUdb 

Tonnage  ow 

Tonnage  oal 

BereruRtaC 

of  New  B 

Thet4>td4r 

Negodationi 

conrentioi 

Qoanti^  of 

tables  sho 

and  the  CO 

Proposition  i 

Hie  free  nav 

Bemiidon  (^ 

T^particii 

Pneeiit  state 

Oondnakm;  ' 


IMtotowli 

CodAsheM^ 
liMkenlea^ 
Theherrfagfl 

nenekfiaimi 


.iS.&-v4  ' 


J 


CONTENTSr. 


K 


^  I 


\  ■    ■ 


N      J' 


.INTRODUCTOBY. 


«omwtiic<»ant....Tr7^  ^™'  UMJorreot  retun«,M>d  nnnwrfh  Ibr'l 

In  tie  abtenee  of  offlcial^t^T,^!^**^  inoomplete  and  muSiOptei; • 

TTiebutnofdwgwatUJtMMdVliVii'T  "■"■■*'■ --;...  » 

fc"?f ''**'*^«»i2f«^rio;: •' - - ::::::::,  % 

^SSo7!S^ ~'"'^ *™''^' •^•«» 'junked sute.-;u.iG,;;i iiti;::  ^^ 

'^  ■                          .  PART  L                                          \- 
J^«»leMght  ta  the  golf..     ^'^*** ■- *..... 'S 

N««i<«*iHr^.?i^ -'"•s""--'^ ^ 


•'N. 


PABTn. 


«-*5rr 


■   TUTmitofikthiiu*. 

:  Intradnotioii— embnu^  a  general  Tiew  of  tJw  rise  and  progreM  of  the  commeroe  of 

the  great  lakes  of  Nordi  America ,      45 

fiulje^  diwnuMd - t 46 

'  Beladona  between  kiland  and  maritfaoe  oonuneroe 46 

Extent  of  great  lakes 49 

Yaloe  of  traffic • -* 49 

,    Nnmberand  tonnage  of  Teasels..*..... — - 51 

Dangers  of  lake  navigation .' 53 

Losses - 54 

ESeet  of  canals  on  lake  trade ■••. 56 

BaQroads  and  canals  connected  with  lakes '. .v 57 

Gnwth  of  oides  connected  irith  lake  trade 59 

Vo.  1.  Vermmt  dlufrkf— Described,  with  snnunaiy  statemento  pf  coasting  and  Canadian 

trade,  and  the  amount  of  tonnage 60 

Ko.  2.  (SmmflmiMl^-'QmertX  descripthm,  with  statements  showing  the  nature,  qua^titj, 

and  Tahw  of  the  Canadian  and  orasting  trade  and  tonnage  of  this  district 63 

'No.  3.  Ofw^ysedUe.— Oeoeral  description;  and  tables  showing  the  nature,  quantity,  and 

Talne  of  the  articles  componng  the  Canadianwid  coastwise  trade  of  this  district ....      66 
Bo.  4.  CqM  VtnaiM. — A  geneml  description,  with  tables  exhibiting  the  CanadUan  tradti 

md  tonnage  of  the  dHstrict  in  delul ^ . . . .      70 

Vo.  6;  flMMf «  HaihoT.—k  general  deiiplption,  with  returns  showing  in  detail  the  coast- 
wise and  Canadian  imports  and  exports,  and  the  Canadian  and  coaling  tonnage  of  tbo 

cHstrict..... ,. 71 

fib.  6.  OnM)gfo.— <3eneral  description,  with  sereral  statements,  exhibiting  in  detail  the 

Canadian  and  coasting  trade  and  tonnage  of  the  district  ...^. 75 

Ifo.  7.  GeiKMe.— General  description,  with  taUes  illustrative  of  the  Canadian  trade  and 

tonnage  of  the  district 88 

ITo.  6.  iV^fom.— General  description,  with  tables  exhibiting  in  detail  the  Canadian  and 

coasting  trade  and  tonnage 84 

ITo.  9.  BijfmUt  Cmk. — Description,  with  eleven  statements  showing  the  ootisting  and 

fi»«ign  commerce  of  this  district  in  detail  and  with  abstraota 87 

"No.  10.  iVufusltb.— Description  with  tables  showmg  the  oommeibe  of  this  district  ia 

datafl : : 161 

Ho.  11.'  CaydbjfiB.— General  description,  with  statemmts  showing  the  imports,  exports,  ""'     . 

nd  tonnage  of  the  district  faidet^ 165 

yo.  18.  flsiimty.—Descriptiiw,  with  tables  gtvfaig  details  of  Canadian  and  eoiiitingtaiiB,  - 

imports  and  exports 175 

Ho.  IS.  JIfMMii.— <]enend  remarks,  with  five  tables  showing  inqiort  and  export  trade,  and 

tonnage 184 

No.  14.  iMrvit— Genend  description,  with  tables  niostrative  of  the  nature  ai^  nkie  of 

the  eommeree  of  this  district...^. .^ 191 

No.  16.  JWscUmip.— 'Description,  with  a  table  showing  the  qnuutity  uid  njoe  cS  ht- 

«ign  invorts. fOf 

No.  16.  nliHndUs.— Description,  with  a  table  diowing  the  fanporta  and  e^poita  of  tUi 

*■**•«*••■■ , aio 

No.  17.  tiUo^.^DeacriptioD,  with  statements  showfaig  the  onmneroe  of  tfte  port  aa^ 
il«triet ; 315 

Noje.  AnmMif ^A  description  of  each  of  tile  great  lake*  in  extent,  reao^«ea,  tribo- 

.I^ftnes,  outlets,  preseirt  and  proqMctive  oonuneroe,  with  •  map SS3 

^111 1  on  tiM  geohigr,  mfaerdogjr,  and  topography  of  ti»  lands  aroond  Lake  Sfrperior. .    SSI 
Cleaehd  view,  with  eight  tabular  stotonenU  of  the  lakes: 
No.  1.  Statement  exhibiting  the  trade  and  tonnage.^Cana&n  and  Ammioan,)  thn 
tonnag*  enitdled,  and  die  amoont  of  duties  coUeotai,  fai  eaeh  of  the  oolleotion  dia- 

trusts  M  the  Ifl^es;  and  tiM  aggregates  of  the  lake  eoBnnMee,fcr  year  1851 846 

«©.  8.  Statement  dmwfaig  tiie  quantity  and  value  of  the  principal  aitielea  vim9rud 

'^J^'!!^*''l^*l'*^ii*^ti^^liik^  77.....    MB 

iTf I  8,  ntnliiBPiint  "^Mt'Wfaj  *ii«-t itt— j-.  1       r — .»^i»       ■    i    «       1  ^  jL 

,%.^,"5»  *••*•«  to  Canada  during  titeyehr  1861 9K 

J?TlIlJry"*»*  'fcoyfa*  *he  ^"«  of  wwae  of  tiie  principal  artidea  of  Awfan  mww 
m-^mx^f"*^  froai  tiln  DoUeotien  diatrioto  on  the  jaha  finnttar  to  Onudn  li 


! 


Na.  5.  at 
lakafr 


,Uak.a 

iw.  6.  ot 
diatriat 


No.7.:8ti 
-'Erieroa 

No.  8.  Sti 
exporte 


>o/th 

iteifi 
American  4 

IfatrodnfltoiT 
|i!i|ew  loix .. . 

eanals,and 
four  princi 
18S0tol8G 

iBaOnndaof] 
Iroadsof] 

|The  Maaoachi 
onneotiont  1 


■New  Jersay.. 

[Pinunylvaida 

iDelawan 

Maryland.... 

\yb0iii» 

[Hiprth  earoUn 
fCardin 
r««oni«..... 

rifcniaa. 

Il^syatemol 
]  Alabaroa . ... 

Ifiasissl^... 
pbonisiann.... 
nPnaa ...."... 
jAlkansaa.... 
I'ltenesaee... 
iKmtncky.... 

Olio 

Indiana.. 

lOeUnB....' 

nuaob ., 

IWasMoi...... 

I  _  .}  r»^" 

Jawa....^.'y.. 

Italboadalnth 

[BeonoBloaivit 

fnatj 

'of  nmtii 

lOiatorrailni^ 

jl^briarataton 

>«haVnit0d 

it    -'•"•" 
LJ  .,.- 


Iinirfl)  1^1%^  14 


ommeroe  of 

,  46 

- 45 

40 

49 

49 

51 

53 

■-....  54 

1 55 

.V. 57 

69 

idCaiiaditui 

......^...  60 

«,  quantity, 

63 

laatity,  and 

iitrict 66 

adiantradii 

..........  70 

ilthecoast- 
nageof  the 

• . .  71 

detaO  the 

76 

D  trade  and 

88 

madianand 

MkaUng  and 

idiatriotia 

161 

it,  exports,   ~" 
.........     16b 

itiiigtnde,  > 

175 

;  trade,  and 
...•• ..••     lo4 
ndviahieof 

toe  of  Ibr- 

tot 

Mtaortfaia 

810 

i  portaajl 

SIS 

wea,triba- 

923 

i^^erior..    891 

[loaB,)  the 
wtion  dia* 

ii 846 

I  inyited 

Ataonthe. 

m 

«^aa«w 


7  oa?ii^iia  ' 

^4^  ft«n  CanadlaHSiS^ftlS^farSrfellJ  !SS  ^'^  diatingdrfdng  . 

868 

(For  Part  m,  8ee,Appeadix.) 

^m  "         PART  IV. 

iliMnoM  Mitf  <olaiiM/.  •     ««ny«wad  6y  a  ««iMr»/  mop  ofrwdroait  nd  cmaU, 

i  Sbtrodnotory >  / 

|D|ewiorK. . 879 

law  KirfaX?w        '  '  "*  *^  *^"^  '""»•"*'  ♦'f  *^«  U»»t^  States  fiom 

iBpiboadaofNewYoik ••..    980 

nBannMula  of  New  England.....     800 

iTheMaaaachiiBettaiyateni.......'*.' 996 

onneoticiit  and  Bhodfe  laland         *  ''SW 

lirewJeraqy.. ";- ' 304 

|PK«B^ylvania " • 308 

fDdawar« - SIO 

Maryland ; r ^118 

▼»««i»i» :...::::::::   "r wa 

hHorth  earoUna * 383 

hSWthCaro&a ."„ ' :..  38r 

|«eoni«.... ::;:; -■  ■ 388 

[itoiilaL :: • - 331 

mSSL"  • ■ S 

Wlaaiawppi i.... Sa» 

EhSEJ.... • 3«» 

Iteaa....... :.:  , Ml 

jiLrikanaaa  * AM 

4ESL« :::::::::;::::: SS 

K«Bt«ek7 — m 

ouo :::: sso 

IndiaBa ' 368- 

miaS 88S 

[ulmomA 88B 

WlaooMl^,.. ;  :: SIS 

fo"» ::::::: «m 

WhwidefaufceBrWahproTfaee^.'."". • 'W 

2££f'±!:?!^?'«^t*>"sii^'""^     " • 2 

r^""- vH-..,.,!!! 

'T    -"'    '  ■   ■  ■■'  ■''•>•  ■..  -  ■.  '\''"  ■■ 


.«! 


■m 


'  I 


I/- 1 


PABTV. 


^' 


')■ 


<ieiiwrfp<ritton  ooBuaewiri, MaHMift <»dfiomj^>fa>l poiMoB.... .... ..^.c^V;^.—    407 

CtommerM  of  Cauda;  extntet  fimn  Mr.  KMfera  fiimr  irrtr  i^  <*»  iMBili  uf  f^iii       4m . 

Floor a«l«ftMrt«90itBdfifoat Canada tel86»aiidlWlv.,r .TTTITT:.'    «[3 

Jbt«<iMdiwialtnde,  whliatataneataaiidntanu ^..  *  '    414 

llieaoiamaraialiKntaorCaaaaa;  tbrCtalT of  8t  Lai»MMe ^..^""    415 

8ea  trade  of  Canada;  the  port  of  Qnebeo;  and  Oa  ipnaa  trade  of  <|wbee  atd-lk*. 

to»«l 418 

8liip4>aiU!ng;ddiM  (and  tooiiage)buUt  in  1649, 1860,  and  18^1 "    ^, 

Trade  and  toaaage  in  1860  and  1851 .".*.'.".'.'."    ^1 

SonmiaiyBtatement  of  tea  and  inland  trade... ". ^"'    ^i 

Sea  and  inland  immorti  oompaied !!!!!!"    422 

Value  of  importa  mm  otiier  edooiea  and  foreign  countries 400 

F<H«ignTe»ela  at  Qnebeo  in  1860  and  1861 ^ 

TheportofMoatraaL JZ 

Its  aeatmuage  in  1860  and  1661 \\ ""    ^i 

Pnwreorfve  Taloe  of  importa  and  exports  from  1849  to  1851,  both  inehiiifA iSfi ' 

IVmo  between  Mootred  and  lower  ooloniea ^^ 

IVade  between  Montreal  and  St.  John  and  the  United  States ...\ ^ 

Inland  ports;  inland  trade  betWeen  Canada  and  the  United  Statesi'rt^'^^mi^ 

tonnage  employed;  and  Taloe  of  imports  and  exports ^ 

Tradeofprindpal  inland  ports  with  the  United  States.. 4^. 

Prindpal  artioles  of  import  and  ex^iM,  with  total  valoe iijl 

Imports  by  way  of  Hudson's  fiiQr  and  Lahe  Sopwior "' ?Xi| 

^"^^TSdB^  'qn«ndt»e«  *wl  "Jne  of  Canadian  piodnoe  ret^r^bi^'dt'  M^ 

Statement  of  the  valoe  of  g«N>ds  imported  at  Boston  and  New  York,  ud  thenoe  fonnidM 
to  Canada  tmder  bond ••■»««» 

Quutity  and  valne  of  Canadian  floor  and  wheat  received  at  New  Torfc'in'id49  i860  and 
1851,  and  thenoe  exported "w"i««i» 

C(^ratiTe  statement  of  the  import  and  export  trade  of  Canada'for  1*849) 'l^/ni 

Pttbllo#Mks  of  Canada".................'.'." 

]rap  and  down  trade  of  Wellandcmia,Vreoiind"  1851. '.'.!".'. " «ai 

up  and  down  trade  of  St.  Lawrence  eanala  in  1850  and  1861.... ^1 

&^''''^&nA^  on  the  Erie  and  '^'fk^'c^xx^li  Uth'mh^^  frdglit'. IJfl 
%of  iron  awl  wheat  transported  by  Erie  and  Welland  caoala ~     ^*^ Jl 

.....^.... 

TABUS. 

*S!Sr*2!iT"*.?*^'^  ^  »'«»'«'  of  American  «>d  fe«ign  Tesaala.  airf  alia 
SJSSS T'*^'!^*^* *!^'>  ^^^ *«»•  United  sS^JoSiTwhS 

^iiSrS    •^•**°?JX*'^  *<^  moTementof  MWHwty  on  tSwItmL 
W^  a  CteipantiTe  atatement  of  <«Porto  "IdJ  S^|^  a^i'h' ifiii 


'"••♦<•>•<•*.••    407 
alxf'flMlit,.    409 

— .;.  «i3 

414 

........ .a^...        415 

Mfcee  mAd  lioai. 

418 

«1 

---.. 421 

420 

422 

422 

423 

484 

«5 

W 426 

427 

427 

sam  andaailing 

- 428 

■' 430 

431 

430 

43S 

mM&rwardod 

•- 433 

id49, 1860,  ana 

433 

BrioanedoniM 

434 

lower  ooIooIm 
-• 485{ 

::;:::::::::« 

436 

4I0| 

[en  <m  Ohm> 

•  •- 4lDi 

wight 441 

441 


1m  W. 

.itftte 


;ifev.^4t 


(toflt  ^9mpvaillTe9t%tflment  of  total  dutiAaitfMiAiin»,^i.n    iji  . **"g«. 

l.RCo^WMiTertat^entofffelS4^d^^^^  *«> 

vidoii  expprted.  -  .TT . . . . .  _ .  _  '*I«>«e«l  m  1850  and  1851,  indicating  oountriw  to 
Mea.ll.  12„U)«nd  14.  Shoidngtiw  trade  of  "n«iiiJ«'JjVK;i:'T;V"V^ 461 

^l.'!:!:/.':.'"."'*^- ^'^'^^ *«"«^t^«5^ o?t£*Sor'^v^^    ^ 

S:tLt  ^^d'lS^^'^.'.'^^  »'~<»"-"»^<^-^' -po-^f«;i •Qu;iec-.nd    "^ 

ibles  24, 25,  26,  27,  28  and  29.  Shottinir  thn*  Prnn'ri.'  'L""1C 490,  491 

United  State-;  imports  at  Sadt  ^e  M^e   ffii±"'T*''^  f^^^^  «™««  *«  the 
John,  in  the  year  1«1 .      '»^«- "*"«-  Hamilton,  Toronto,  Kingrt»n,  and  St. 

iblos  30  to  38,  incfcaive.  Showinie  th« Vr'«'nLiV  t^A^  "e^"  "■,"".; V 494  to  500 

by  the  ports  of  Boston  and  N^Kork  '^'^  *''*  ^""'**^  S^^^es 

^ble  39.  Comparative  statement  of  th6  irrosV  r«h"  w'  ^IJI •'■■,■-■ 801  to  504 

■duties  in  the  years  1848, 1849, 1850  and^l  "*  recev^  from  customs 

We  40.  StiMOment  showinif  the  relativn  nmnnn*  "VI"' ,' 505-' 

Canadian  vessels  at  the  ports  of  Oswego  Cwf  ^T  n  "S-  ?""•*  '"  American  and 

*We  41.  Statistical  view  of  the  commS  of  cL,^,'  '"'t^."?'^"'  ^"1850 505 

and  exports  from  Great  Britain  Src^iriL*^' *•*''''''*'"«  *»»«  ^^l-e  of  imports 
tomuge  of  veaseh,  inward  id  oiSLrlnJSo    ..'**'  """"*'•'"'•  *«8«t*'«'  **th  the 

506 

PART  VI. 

i  * 

The  Protinee  of  New  Brunswick. 

iphical  position;  agricuItuAl  capabilities 

it  and  character  of  river  St.  John  607 

>rof  St.  John:  never  frozen '  508 

lePetikodie;  nev  mineral  found  there      508 

^on^thegulf  ooastof  thisprovinceisi^i^V^oc^^^  508 

r*™jJ!^*?''^'PP««»'>;  Bathunrt. ..''.'.'.■."' 509 

bayof  Chalenr;  Besdgouche.  510 

Sril!''^^'*""'"^«'^^™n«'^<'"kinV849mdi856 "® 

trBSiSrei"4"«d'tS '""*'"'  '"^'"'  -i*»^Vf  ^P.  ownei-in    '" 

Itte  teblet  for  the  year  1851  513 

»Sjh?r4tr£7n1S?';SU^^^^^^  ''' 

■"WoS"t:t^fflsSr/^r'^''^^"-^  ''". 

anft:lhil'"S ••^^«'' «f ^«Hc,n-^;^p^i- -«-„„u,uii;^-.    "» 
186{^.'.^?!*"*."'P'^«'P^ "*''*«  '™P^^"«t'^'ioinVromii;Ud;ed"^.i;;i    "'' 

"^..^•wwMdontbayalnlSSOV. " ^ 

of  Bathunrt... 

t^wueeoffiioWbwto...'.;;: «» 

N^BrvaMriek  for  1851...        * «» 

iriesofNewBniittwicklnthebayrfFtodr .•^-......  MT 

1%',S!"P^"«"»'  Wert  Je?.'!??: 5l 

worst.  JohDi  Cnmberiaod bar  

niMoftkewflAwiMtaieM.;.;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; 

r    , 


ihr 


CONTENTS. 


i 


Cttaptsni 
y^Metob 

TUae  of  i 

Valneori 

Trade  bet 

dnotae] 

Qnantity  I 

during  t 

Venels  in 

VesselB  ou 

Value  of  t 

The  port  ( 

Proposed) 

The  harbo 

Li|(ht-hout 

Ships  inwn 

fihipa  outw 

Comparati' 

Comparati^ 

Imports  int 

Imports  fri 

Westlm 

American  i 

Number  of 

1849,  and 


-.•'■  ■     '  ■•■■■"■■  :v  r^tt. 

Tk« fi«e  n^figatkm  of  the  St.  Joba —  ^. .••;>, • ^ ....  ittS* 

Length  of  the  river;  dUEufotJarls^otioni .......\ g^j 

Ezp^rtdntf  upon  timber  out  en  American  territory  aad  floated  down  <iiisriv«r........  530 

Ck»B8tnietion  of  the  treaty  ef  Washington ....  ggg 

Quantity  and  value  of  Ameriean  tbnber  and  lumber  floated  doim  the  St  Jc^  in  IflU..  531 

IflOs  on  the  St  J<rim;  agrionltural  prodneta .t 53] 

Free  narigation  of  this  river  neceasarjr  to  eitizena  of  the  Uidted  State* [  ggg 

Sketch  of  the  eariy  history  and  of  the  present  geology,  mineralogy,  smd  'topogri^rby  <^ 
the  provinces  of  New  Brunswick  and  Nova  Scotia,  by  Dr.  Charlee  T.  Jaekam.  .1633  to  66I 

PART  yn. 

4 

Th0  "Province  of  Nova  Scotia, 

f  ■ 

Extent  and  physical  character - 553 

Tnmageinward  and  outward  in  1849  and  1850 '/'[    55^ 

'Anpoits  and  exports  of  1849  and  1850  compared •....'..'"'.'.    665 

Betum  of  i^l  articles  the  growth,  produce,  or  manufacture  of  the  United  f^ttt,  b^ 

ported  into  Nova  Scotia  in  1860 655 

Trmnage  inward  and  outward,  and  value  of  imports  and  exports,  in  1861... !!"!!.'""'     6M 

Lnportsandexportsof  1849, 1850,  and  1851, compared. 4 "!!!!!"!!!     667 

Quantity  and  value  of  principal  articles  of  coloniaJ  produce  exported  to  the'ui^ted 

States  in  1861 gr;^ 

Number  and  tonnage  of  American  vessels  entered  at  ports  of  Nova  Scotia  in  1861 '.'.."    657 

Number  and  t(mnage  of  vessels  owned  in  Nova  Scotia  in  1851 !.  "    657, 

Ves8els,,boatsandmqiengagedin  the  fisheries  in  1861 !!!!!!! 65s 

C  )n)BU8  Returns " ggn 

FOrtofmlifiu;  its  character  and  advantages •--.--"....!.."!..!!..'"'    668 

Imports  and  exports;  ships  iuward  and  outward  in  1850 '.....'..'.  fiOi 

Qnantity  &nd  Value  of  merchandise  imported  at  Halifin  from  the  United  State*  in  18^"    661 

Qnandtie*  of  Qsb.  and  &a^\  exported  from  Halifax  in  1850 "    6ffi 

-    Tonnage  inwaid  and  Value  of  imports  in  1850.  A "*    g2 

This  coal  trade;  number  of  mines iSn 

Pi«ou coalfield....... i  .  ""•    5^ 

Sydney  coalfield:.. .'.'.'.".'."!."!! ^ 

Omnberland  coal  mhtes S2: 

Quantities  of  eoal  exported  in  1849  and  1860 tei 

Oape  Breton  described * r*! 

TheBraad'C^...,.. ;•. —    JJj 

OiMt  valHfl  of  0^9  Breton  (hmiita  position  and  remuves *"  mr 

Bjtporta  of  fish  in  1847, 1848,  and  1850 m 

Ooals  raised  and  sold  in  1849 ""' 

YaaaelB  iawsrd  and  outward  in  I860 

Impoitaaad«ixportsinl860 

Sable  Islaaddaaeribed -_ 

2««»f*|««»l*lcalpo8ltioB  stated "\"[ll"][l •.-....—  wj 

Vahrtleflakeriea  In  iu  vicinity  not  pioaeeuted .'w'..'.*!'..*!!'!!.".'.'.'  Si 

PABT  vm. 

mco^atrfUbraordeaSbST; ..:.:.:..:. SBtKSI^ 

.»»dee|it«eaeodflsbe»yofNewfcuiidlaad * S5H     iS5?LyS 

|S2,-5»-*-d-*«.^-.:;;;:;::;;:::;::;:::;;::;;::;;:::^^ 

^tawrtoafNewfciirflirfbi^";^ 

-jgyf  ."**^  "J  outward  in  1860 Mm^m. 

^^^  •• .....;..    iNHMmrBnwwie 


Extent,  posi 
Stock  and  c; 
Vessels  own 
biporteand 
New  vessels 
Vessels  ente 
Vessels  enliie 
Value  of  ex| 
Qwntitiyand 
aodamoui 
Quantity  of  1 
Abstraotof  t 


»....  tW'i 

•  . 819 

lirifw.. ......  63u 

1_.—  880 

JtriiaialfiGI..  S3i 
831 

.-•- »a 

I  wpognqAyof 

FMk«)a..l633to  651 


CfC^^MfNTS. 


•^ 


663 

....-..-,....    664 

-••-- 665 

t«d  l»KtM,iB|. 

656 

65« 

667 

to  the  United 

657 

iinl851 6671 

657 

558 

•--•- 658 

669i 

»te«iai8M..  66] 

6«j 

-.  6631 

863i 

ml 

664 

664 

566 

• 665 

6«l 

667 

867 

668 

668 

'..*'.'*.*.'.'.".'  em 

...........    871 

871 


I'll    "     v 


^B^m^  rtrtemHBt  of  ^ppbg  bwaid  end  outward  In  1849, 1860.  tad  1861  ^Su 

JjjKta  bnilt  InNewfoaniU^fc  1847, 1848, 1849,  md  1850,.....!/  SJ 

FMHletion;bo»t«en([«gedin\fl8heiy.. «~j.. ..^^_    g^ 

ridue  of  the  amiBd  pnnliMe  if  Newfoundhod  on  an  avei;ii';f  foir'y^i^""^ ""  S. 

Jatae  of  proper^  engaged  inlhe  fi>heri«^  for  «ame  periodL  ^       f^ 

Trade  between  ifewfoundland  knd  the  United  StnteaVquantlty"  "liiid'^uVif  rtiiife  '^ 

dncti  exported  from  NewfouShind  to  the  United  StMwin  IsS^lffiO  \S  ^  '^  ««, 

<la|u.tity  and  viUoe  of  all  artidrtoported  into  NeSSKm^iSSki;:  ^ 

during  the  year  1851  with  thirate  and  amouni  of  dutylPtK,n  ^^  «« 

Vewels  inward,  and  value  of  impbrtB,  in  1851 ,  ^ 

Vemelg  outward,  and  value  of  exerts,  iu  1851    .  °^ 

Value  of  the  Labradore  trade  an*fi«herlc^ " 5®? 

The  port  of  St.  John \ ;-•-•  681 

Proposed  electric  telegraph  fivmthiV port!! " '"^'  ^ 

The  harbor  dewribedV!..: .4.!^^!:.. ■•■/' 8** 

Lkht-houTOs  on  the  east  coast  of  Nriwforadland.!! ' " " 55 

Ships  mward  at  St.  John  in  1850  and^851  ' / "^^ 

Ships  outward  at  St.  John  in  1850  and  1851 ' t ®^ 

Comparative  statement  of  imports  inlaso  and  V^V "/ SS 

Comparative  statement  of  exports  in  IKiO  and  1851 """'"' /' •"•  "S 

Imports  into  St.  John  from  Canada  in  1850  and  1851'""" ^' *S 

'Trii.?n"l*Sl.''"!.^.*""\«T'  rortug.lV6"erauu;y.-^;i;-^-g^-J.  «» 

American  vessels  arrived  at  St.  John  in  ifei,  and  places'to'  whio'hSev  "sailed" S? 

''Sr^Vii^''.r:^.f":*..*'!^«^T''°''-^     -Jtr^f^ryea^-i-^  "* 

•/■ 608. 

J.  ;  Pi^T  IX.  / 

The  Colotof  of  Pi^  Edward  laaMd. 

Extent,  position,  and  description  of  this  island.. ...  «,_ 

Stock  and  crops  of  the  island;  new  vessdsbmlA-..     . 25 

VeHels  owned  and  re^stered  in  1850  and  1851   \  >' SST 

taperta  and  exporte  in  1850  and  1851 \ 22 

New  vessels  sold  at  Newfoundland  in  1851  \' ' SI* 

Veaaels  entered  and  cleared  in  1850 "A" $2 

VesMli  entered  and  cleared  in  1861  "'\ ••* 

Value  of  expoiti  b  1851 "T •"^ 

\""\ •  •;• «»' 

PABTX. 

SrS^''2^*^*°*«<»'>«'.Mdi86i ...t-*:— " s»    ^ 

"-       ■ ~-^Ji:\ -jilil;:— -.tVtx!:;^' i-t    .fBg .„ 

_      ,       ...  PABTXL  V^^-^--^-'-'M'i*ftr  — 

the  «iltat  of  the  aeMoaat  of  theae  ooloaiM 

Jkm Biwnrick  and  Nov,  SootU^  «  «t'»«ta ^  N^ii^jiliitair^^^^^^^^^ 


^w 


C<MTENT8. 


i  J 


W' 


,„.J. 


■  Fun. 

Iwuige  imnudintlie  coloniei  finipk  ue  lAiited  Stetei  at  varioiu  perioib  gince  nsff, 

^wlnf the nst incTOBM — .>;... i. '   q^i 

Indfl  of  twenty-three  Atlantic  f)oil4.«Hth  New  BroAawick,  Nova  Sootia,  NeWfonadiaiid, 

Mkd  Prince  Edward  Island,  in  1851— four  tables .'    Qg^ 

Tmmage  inward  and  outward  between  nine  principal  leaporta  of  the  United  States 

and  the  lower  colonies  in  1851 j,,    Qcgj 

Coipparative  statement  of  all  tonnage  inward  and  outward  at  the  principal  suaports  o( 

the  United  States,  and  of  the  colonies,  in  1851 q^Q 

• 
■  .  PARTXn. 

BeritK  of  the  prueiU  $taU  of  the  Deep-tea  Ftthtrits  of  New  Englaitd. 

Amount  of  these  fisheries  since  1783,  and  summary  of  legislation  respecting  thorn  by 

W.  A.  Welhnan,  esq ,- '    '    qqq 

Statement  of  allowances  to  vessels  employed  in  the  fisheries /['*    gor 

TABLKS. 

iWbles  No«.  1  and  2. — Statements  of  the  quantity  and  value  of  dry  and  pickled  fish  im- 
ported and  exported  from  Boston  to  foreign  countries  from  1843  to  1851 636  637 

TaUes  Nos.  3  and  4.— Statements  of  the  dry  and  pickled  fish  warehoused  in  Boston  iunl  ' 
Charlestown  from  1847  to  1851 638  639 

Table  No.  5!— Tonnage  of  vessels  employed  in  the  fisheries  in  the  fiscal  rears  1843  to  ' 
1850,  inclusite ~.f. 

Table  No.  6.— Imports  of  dry  and  pickled  fish  during  the  fiscal  years  1843  to  1850  in 
elusive •         g^ 

Table  No.  7— -Exports  of  dry  and  pickled  fish  from  the  United  States  durinc  the  fii^Vl 
years  1843  to  1850,  inclusive •"«  menscai 

TdWe  No.  8.— Pickled  fish  inq>ected  in  Massachusetts  from  1838  to  1850,  inclusive. "  "     652 

Table  No.  9.— Statement  of  the  tonnage  of  vessels  employed  in  the  fisheries  of  the 

United Stateafitr  several  years.... gc- 

TSable  No.  10.— Abstract  of  allowances  to  fishing  vessels,  paid  at  the  port  of  Boston  for 

.thefiahingseaaonsof  the  years  1841 1«  1850,  inclusive g« 

TMe  No.  11.— Abstract  of  fishing  vessels  lost  during  the  year  1851 -...!!!!!*!!.     ^ 

:,  PAHTXUI. 

^.^y-  jFhe  French  Fu*eriet  of  Neu^ouHdland 

LifliWM  to  fiaUnjr  bounties  in  France --, 

Bgrt  9ntlie  great  sea  fisleries  of  France  by  a  committee  of  the  Nktlond'  iin^imblV, 

^strw^of  the  law  granti^  bi»untieV  to  the  fliheriM,'  pa^  'ju'ly22,'  1851 ! ! ." ! ." S{ 

BeturMf,Te«el.  fitted  out  in  l-^ance  for  the  cod-fishery  ftom  1&I2  to  I860,  botj,  j^       * 

Amount  rf  sums  ^dM'bomtiCTf^^  • JJ 

''t^i^moT^.^S^J''  ^«  -'^' '"  '^^  -•"-  «-*«-  ^»*-' «>  1 

'^^^.^r*  «^,<«P«rt«»  from  pii^' where  «^  to'^id^  otFtiii^' mi 

'     ^^At^'^  e^*^""""'  ft*"  »842  to  1850,  inclusive ™.   .  _         681 

-ifflJ^iSi?^^""'""''';*"*'  «"»"?*  of  bowitytheiwn... ._.:_..  '    682 

lSSS^2^£^fcl?^t^ifc»^rl''''«"~^^^  by.fl.hermcnof  Pr«c;to^    ^ 


Katice  of  i 

^  Statement 

^  Receipts  ii 

I  Statement 

the  inde 

Valuation  < 


B-. 


\m  aince  nsft, 
621 

^eWfonndland, 
682 

Jwtei  States 

J.,    627 

al  Bui^rarts  of 


■■"rv^m'v^  }.r> 


^^• 


svi 


APPENDIX. 


gland. 

ing  them,  by 


629 
635 


Uod  fisb  im- 

636,637 

t  Boston  and 

638,639 

'An  1843  to 

640 

t  to  1850,  in- 

642 

ig  the  fiscal 

644 

cIusiTc 652 

)rie8  of  the 

654 

Boston,  for 

655 

656 


661 

Assembly, 

661 

671 

both  years 

-■" ers 

©74 

iistricts  of 

875 

Vance,  «Qd 

•  •■•  >■«•      OCXI 

to  French 

681 

»f  France, 

682 

Bcotofor- 

683 

eigBcoan- 
:t ......^    «r 

fement  of - 


£l?nw     r'?**?^*l'"'^**"«»*'"«»™»«»»ftheconntiy ^ 

.ter'*'*   i™^  ""*  «»""«"'«  population,  &c..  for  several  yeai ^ 

Beceipte  uto  the  treasury  from  custoo.;  and  other  sources!.!™  .        '  1 

/^'^r^rr.'^!:^:?.^^^^^^^^^        «nd  popuhuiontothe  s,«^Jlvi;m-i;i-ti 


the  indebtedness  of  the  several  States  in  1851 . 


;tteVd[oi^Lr,,std'Ki?^rs^^^ 

^mpanson  of  property  among  urban  and  rural  population '  '"*  '^^ '" 

rtble  showing  the  amount  and  value  of  thn  ni«Hu-.i-:  'i .••:•-*>"•-- - 

States  for  the  year  1^2  :_„                *  Pnniuotio^of  agri«^^;tte  United 
Bemarks  upon  the  ajiriaultiiniffaiKU    * •-*•"■;••. i.-.fcili..: 


689 

69a 

689 


upon  tbe  agricultural  table 


m 

699 


etatemeuto  showing  the  number  of  nin'iifiiijtilrinV  V8tobiiihiVntli'in'"tJ^'^ 

Notes  on  the  amount  and  tendency  of  Ohio  commerw 2J? 

Aor^ates  of  the  receipts  in  leading  article,  of  domestic  proi-u;;';t'ti;-l«kV;;.ilri;«  ^ 

TaWeofmanufactureslnClndnnatiforisioiiiHilfisb" 2J? 

Destination  ofpnncipal  article  of  export  of  Cincinnati..." —  ZJI 

fipeeiflc  notice  of  Cincinnati »•«"•" yj| 


Statement  of  imports  from  all  soarces  for  Ave  yean 
Statement  of  exports  from  CfaclanaU  for  five  /ears 
Commercial  notice  of  Pittsburg,  Pennsylvania 


::}: 


Commercial  notice  of  LoulsvUle,  Kentuoky 
Its  growth,  population,  and  commerce ... 

Conmietdiiiiijrtioe' oVaVi^Miw  

SSr.'JMWtl'SXr  I'^^^P**  •rtici^'iwi^d'it  »:Lo"ui;  d«" 

Steam  marine  of  the  Interior  ' 

Steam  marine  of  the  Mlsslsslroi*TOnOT""  "* 


^^HHMk 


ivIB  i/  OONTKXTa 

ttjlniniinf  rf  the  Bonber  of  atoMii  aad  MOvawdbi  loat  oa  tiw  lak«M  and  riiwn  «r  th« 
jpwior  dqiqf  tbe  TCW 186J,  iritli  the  eaHM  and  iBuner  of  loM,  and  Bo^ 

urtiit  jnriihod  thirrirjr         r i 747 

C^MalavmiaanipefltiiwitoamBH^ortheintadK j.,.  749 

1)ibnlarTto»gftheeDtira«teaaaMdM«rfth»lAiM'aiBtea.... 751 

Ifarinfl  dinat^n  on  the  weatem  inten  ia  ;1858 -. 759 

Ckiinnn>wial»ottoeofyeirOrleana,Loiiiaiaiia .....L 753 

BeautHu  lytnOiamL.  Hodge,  eaq.,ott  the  eenunerdaladfaiitagea  of  New  Orieani..,  754 
Titie  eiUUting  the  Taloe  of  the  prindpaTartielMlaqported  firom  the  interior  faito  New 

Orleam  at  tereral  perioda <• ^ 7Q0- 

ll^ltaraeiit  ihowiag  tfalBTalae  of  esporta  aad  importa  at  New  Orieaoa,  nmnOjr,  from  1634 

'^)|ol851,inel«aive «••—•>■ .—  -.., , .."  76$ 

ItMameat  of 'the  raoeipta  on  aeoomit  of  dntiea  ooDeeteAat  STew  Orieaaa  fton  1835  ta 

!^aa»»,l(Ka,iadmdn......: -- *,.,  7^ 

ttttifliiieiitofiHaa^and  toBsaMofAmeiffewand  intf^  \\ 

trade  fa  the  diatnet  of  New  OneaBa,iiMeh  entered  aad  ekared  anniallj  from  '^>' 

*'  1861,  faehaiTe  * ,..-., 759 

OginiaaraUneilaikflflioWle,Alabaaw...., -.  fijff 

(K^tement  ^Mai;  tlw  ttbrta  aad  deatinadta  of  eo^ 

iatfriulipti importa i^to Mobile hr five yeaia. endinf  Aiqfiiat  SI,  iissii''."!,^  7MI 
i of  nmiUMrr  aad  tonna^ of  veaada  vmphjeA  in  foreign  tndefar lh*  AMist or 

Ibbile,  whieh  entered  and  denied  annnaUl^  fronrlSM  to  1851,  inehnifa.... .... ....    n» 

btarodnetoi]rnoteai9on  thegiaogrnUedaad  eemnerdatpod^  794 

fietter  from  W.  L.  K»dge,  eaq.,  Aaaiataat  Seeratiiiy  of  Um  TrMNoiy,  relatire  to  the 

tmdeofAaieileaa  porta  of  the  Golf  of  Hexieow. .j,.,.,-.  .    f$f 

IMtor  from  Hon.  E.  0.  CaheB,  rdatiTe  to  intemd  teprovementa  aad  a^cdiBMHnJM:  . 

ofHorida....:....... J..,. ......". : .v i......    Wi 

ni^^ktfoflliBiieoaad  theStraitaofllMMa..... »*    7M 

WMttoneief  af  the  United  Statea,  and  atetbdeaidatiafliMm^ l-i,    805 

1 9t eotioa  fooda,  1858....- -,^....„ 838 

i>rt8<^/eni^«Mlongooda,l868......... :., ?.i.. ......      .  839 

Drta  of  raw  oottoa,  18SB ^..  gi^ 

vfta  of  donieatie  eottoa  gooda,18SB.... 111*^11  840 

'Soati<«  of  Ar^yn  oottoa  gooda  e^orted  from  1831  to  1863 ...."*!  dH 

leation  utinmUt  eoma  gooda  eq^rted  frrai  1896  to  1859 ,', 843 

ieatlon  of  daineatioprodaeta  exported  from  1831  to  1852....^ 844 

tdoneatieprodaoe  exported, indnding  necie, &«., rince  1831 845 

.  J»»n;aqf  fbidign  oottoa  gooda  Imported,  and  total  exported  and  eoaaamed,  fivta 

(■"•ite  18M ............'....,...............,,...,. ._^_  ^  ggg 

^]f^??'»^«?*."y!***.''y*  »TO....  ....;:.:::::::::::::::*.::;  848 

•  -  '  7**  «•'*■»'<•  rf*'»Aflw«*«8t«*e««ni«Waa 849 

'ifua^^  *«i*»  of  exfuiU  aud  iiii|iorlH  uf  Boatou  and  New  tmi  (cwn  283(  t0 

HuMrta ud  IM^ rf nil^^  wdBaito(iiVfeiil^ 

^ig*> «>....erChaneBton..... mg 

ISSJTlAnJiliJJT^  N«^T0i*.  Pl^nddph^  ttd  BaltimoM  fttti'lSR  to  1858.';    864 
Weoent  exhMting  the  nmaber  of  American  and  feidgn  reMMk,  and  (Jidr  tdBnaaa. 
^JS^Tt^*"^*'*^^^^*'^^^  Beaton, wUohealmd  «b1  deniedfrSl 

' *S^iS^.^  "™.*» *•  «rtrictof New Terk.. .... .....^.... ....,..,..    8te 

'WtUiNtingtheaiuueui  thediatrititofFhOaddDhia    .  "^  "^  ',*"    ^ 

leiMM^  tteaanieinthediatrleeof  Ptorthad ^. ..'.....::.    SS 

ja fron  184S to  1881^*" """"'^  •"•^  >;,«>.,.  .--*-    ^^^ 

^2^gttomtabe*aBdiwwi.tfmaalal^ 

rMM  0ii«to.  Willi  ti^  toMiff.  SiwrTiSH  j^^trr.  r  *• 


fe?«t  .1, 


merkkM,.  74S 

IrtTMnorth* 

barofpflnoM 

7«T 

i.,.  T« 

761 

7W 

753 

irOrieuu..,  754 
irior  into  New 

75» 

D/,  from  1834 

.— .  768 

from  1885  ttf 

..•.....»«..  7S9 
wd  fai  fmign       \\ 
ftou  1896  to         ^^ 

78© 

780 

78f 

)^  flbtllM  OF 
...........    983 

a*...'......    764 

latire  to  «1m 

.••'».... If.    9W 
alnoHisw^.- 
....t......   «» 

....U...^*    7M 

■■^ 

»'  -»* 

— - 838 

...........    839 

840 

•  ••••  ■^^••»      Owl 

843 

848 

...........  844 

845 

ramod,  ttaUk 

...- m 

848 

849 

:viB  183{  to 

.,..-...-.  861 

4  •»•«*••.*•  8SB 

Stotttt..    864 
sir  tounfo^ 
le^ni  ftmii  ' 

«  ^  .  .  .  .-.  . . . , ,  Ooo 

■'•'-«  'I'     '•  '^tm 

*•*?.'•/*••*.■  ^? 
..........      to 

••••«• •«•■     QOv 

890 

'Wife 
'IfBp..*..    868 

dMvti  Ik  ; 


m^.hnm  1886toTw:."T..*???T  ^^*^  Wk  I.  *.  tW^j  m,^  ^'^• 
•^4SS^5?'^*?*»^*''VortilBtothomfa«|p^^  2 

?^lS!i:^,£J?T!f^^«^*«^  2.' ' 

?JS?'!5*^i!^'"^^«*^rt ^'.^ SS 

,     -««wi«»r  tarn,... ........*. J:;;;-,{... 

\  ^     ■••.-_  . 

\      •  ■  .        - 


.4H|J. 


■:.n 


W-h-^^ 


4#' 


<  <f  «i 


til*'*'      "1   '*'^'  '^'    '^^-'-fV'*     - 


^Aj 


^4M^«    ^ 


--f  s»^fT»)4  A 


'^^■'^'■r- 


:\ 


.S>^J&«fai:i&.-k 


.:;.-i^S4;:ivA,".  < 


INTRODUCTORY. 


Senate  of  the  UniteyStates-      ^  foUowing  resolution  of  the 

^  ihe  t'^e.1r;fci^:J^^^^^  ^7-ted  to  con.„,„„ieate 

>lete  statements  of  thTt^rS.;      ^^^  next  jjpssibn,  full  and  com- 

[ca«  colonies  with  theVS^^e,  aT/'^.^^^'^^  ®"^^*^  ^««^  ^mex. 

and  and  by  sea,  in  thi  y^e^  iZVdUl'ir^  l^'f  ^«^l^'  °^ 

|.e  can  pr^ure  of  the^e  of  th§  i^at  lakej  -       '^""^  »«formation  as 

3c^er^^dtlfc^^^  S^.  i-Portanceof  allthesub. 

.ranches  of  national  intSanrihfnpJ"^.'"''*?  u""'?'^"  «?»  "««y 
lubmitted  to  you  in  thrCrrrLrr  "^*^^'«"y  ^^^l^t^'*?  such  report 

onunemial  inte^S  of  XgreHake^^^  '^h'^"?  ^  the 

»ce,ve  prompt  and  c^efulVSLifa^dlat*^^^^^^^  "  «^«"Ld 

T^itr  •     Pr^°^??i^^«'-^"^^^^^  -formauonob. 

^?^S^jr$^/t^  S^any  subjects 

ideratioo  of  the  ^vrrn3^  "  '"•*""'  '^'^  «^«  ^«'  the  con- 

le  undersigned  to  fAy^vZSnlJL^L^  '^u^^":^'  ''^^^  i«d«ced 
«  various^impc«aS^ub1^t  invS  •  ^*^**  distinctive  feature  of 
solution  of  thVSJate"^  "^'^^  '°  ^^^^  instructions  and  the 

m  of  any  notice  that  may  bel  cons^dp^ff^         u      "*    /nj«8tifica- 
remcmiered  that  thTweioS^  mitt^  -^  ,""^^  extended  it  must 

It  v^ious  and  imS«rdiXJ;^'  "^  °2^?  **»«  British  colonies. 
ey  are  interwJ3^A  ^fcr^^^    f  *^  '^"'^ States,- 1^^ 

eign  and  coastinff  trST^uZ^    '    ^^  ^  aavigation  and  the 

i^^.  -«.  ^,  ^  ^«™  mis.s  sriS 


o 


:4. 


t 


n.  Dioc*  ilk. 


United  States  are  fuller  than  mf  before  pre«ented  to  tfcp  gDTe^^ne■i 
in  this  IbfBi,  and  such  as  could  only  be  obtained  by,|nreat  febor 
and  expeiMt',  they  may  be  relied  upon  as  being  generiUy 


■Vt'"       s 


m 


eoTiect. 
They  bare  been  collect  **«1^  ftoi»  various  soorcts,  o^cial  and  miolficial ; 
and  h  M  due  to  the  put,;  to  state,  that  it  is  prinbipally  owing  tothe 
different  modesof  conducting  the  inland  trade  of  the  country,  that  (Statisti- 
cal returns  of  an  oflScial  character  are  not  made  as  to  much  of  that  trade. 

The  returns  from  several  of  the  custom-house  districts  on  the  kkes 
are  venr cretlitable  to  the  collectors  by  whom  they  were  prepared; 
while  the  returns  from  others  were  in  many  respects  incorreet 
incomplete,  causing  loss  of  time  and  great  trowfcle  in  rectifying 
perfecting  them.  -  . .  ,     ii 

The  necessity  for  a  well  organued  system,  m  order  to  obtafti 
rect  account" jjf  the  lake  trade,  must  be  obvioUs.    The  w^nt  ofsf  kiw 
to  enforce  "gven  the  present  imperfect  system,  the  great  increase  of; 
liusiness,  and  its  diversified  character  in  nearly  all  the,  districts,  and  1 
(the  limited  clerical  force  aDowcd  in  swme  of  them,  are  all  causes  of 
difficulty  in  obtaining  and  arranging  in  a  creditable  and   satisfac- 
Upry  manner,  full,  accurate,  and  entirely  intelligible  statistics  of  the 
lake  trade,  and  of  the  general  Internal  commerce  of  the  country. 
.    It  is  proper  also  to  state  that  the  emknrrapsments  now  existing,,  will 
increase  in  a  corresponding  degree  with  the  certain  and  aUuost  incal- 
£.ulable  annual  increase  oj^i^s  trade  and  commerce. 

Thi?  iJl-arranged  andJPwrfect  system  of  managing  the  lake  trade 
Ajid  internal  commerce  of  toe  country  is  presented  to  tbe  notice  of  the  | 
^pyernmeot,  and  offered  aa  an  apology  whjr  the  report  on  this  trade 
and  commerce  is  not  m6re  worthy  the  high  importance  of  the  interests'] 
ijayojiyed*    If  national  co^iderations  should  induce  a  desire  on„  the 
part  of  the  government  to  posses*  other  reports  ou  the  internal  trade 
(Of  the  comrtJy,  it  will  be  necessary  to  provide  for  a  more  perfect  sys-f 
t^m  of  jBtaji/stjcal  returns  and  to  carry  it  ouj  by  legfd  reauirements.       | 
Jt  is  not  intended  to  suggest  that  any  novel  coercwe  laws  should  be! 
, fl^pted,  interfering  with  the  free  and  unrestricted  Exchange  of  goods] 
fti)d°productioos  of  oil  ^inds  between  difierent^^ti^s  of  the  country.] 
Free  commerce,  especi^llv^internal  commerc^nra^^Ml  by  restraipisj 
i^rigiqatin^  in  sectional  orHl^al  partialities,  o%^fflM|n|i'7  ^^^^' 
interests,  is  no  boon  from  any  government  to|||^pmN^it  is  uoques'l 
tioi^ably  their  natural  right.    There  cafi  be  no  aoubt  that  a  systeinl 
jqi^ight  be  easily  devised,  under  the  authority  of  the  Treasury  Depart-! 
|f{)ent,  which  would  meet  eveif  requirement  and  promote  the  interestu 
"thi?  trade,  .  'i  .  -     '       I 

le»  character  and  cbropleteness  of  our  statistical  reports,  wel 
id  othclr  countnes^wia  no  authority  but  that  of  CongressI 

public  e!^PNl&|  ever'been' steadily  fixed  on  the  foreigti  com-l 
of  the  country  ag  the  right  arm  of  national  strength.'  This  com-l 
^  h«9  increased  so  mptdlyt^md^hetradeaywefl^astheteriflS^avej 
been  so  gready  changed,  that  new  arrangements  of  the  old  returns  arej 
^'WaD'ded  to  enable  the,  departmental  condensations  to  be  perfect  and 
IfNWy  Wtdligilile,  The  reports  on  commerce  and  navigation  nowl 
fpwibe  (otSl  tonnage  of  the  United  State*,  but  do  not  state  the  cha^| 


t'*t5k  tA^wllsi.*. 


annually,  and  theiie  inipipv.mi  in  Lt  „^  **  *****  *^*"^«  Congress 
and  they  might  be  fuller  in  TtaH  ban  hnTr*^!;"^"' *^"*^^  "^«. 
«r4ensive  statistical  accoun  s  of  the  ,0.^"''^"°  submitted;  with 
f^^^nguishing  between  ^tea^e^s  Jd'Svessll  '"^  ""^'«*- 

^^enthe  trade  was  ?n  its^faLrat^Sr^e  ^Je^J^i^^lS 

:,  « Ad^nTr^^^  P\ce  in  Congress,  of  lat«  yea,^ 

i-pn>vement  o&ra'nd^rCoir'  ?  ^"^  P"*^*^  land."!  J^T^ 
inents  have  been  adduced  in- many  cAse«  rfi  ™^T^  statistical  state- 
mothers      This  is  attributabTe  S^ttXnce'^^^*!?    "'"'^ 

king  this  report,  the  puTli^adonsSa"^^^^^  information  in  mj. 
"De  Bow's  Review."  the  •« Sers-M?  •  '  ^^'^'l^"^' ^''^^ine '' 
R^oad  Journal."  as  the  most^^nlhuTth!!""  ^"^  **^  "  Americi 

The  undersigned  is  fullva w Je  of  it ! i     •      u''""*''^- 
who  have  limiSd  means  o^^n^ae^r^ci"?  ^'^"  '^r'"^^  ^'^^  ^^ose 

jdellt^rrtl:'^^^^^^^^  -t'  ^'^  -er  S.  Lawrence,  is  fuUy  " 

l^mres,  and  the  mfluence  tliust  oxeS^  ^  ?^^^  ^^'^  P»»yS 
Iments,  ar«  without  parallel  ^ndhistoSn?  *"?  ^"*"^x  *°^^  ^^veW 
beasure,  it.  yalue  \o  be  esSS^ated SifSf^*^"''!,  ^  ^«  ^"  A^^^^ca^ 
^bshed.  tha..,by  what  it  musTa^blevrinTtrnrl''    ""  ^^^  «'-«>°>- 
.    The  attention  of  the  civilized  wnruV    P^°»'*3«- 
interest  to  the  constant  mdTlZ^e  em?  '^^  .^'^^^ted  .yith  gr^t 

^Njw.    In  former  time^sX&'.^nr^TK*'?^^*^^^^^^ 

meaoro^4ong  „Dd  toilsome  iiurnVys  hlTnt  1    k  ^'''*  ^^^^'^  «>"nt»7  by 

. 'nt^age  have  multitudes  £Sf^^L^   •  "**  **"*  "«^er  untU  the  br^       * 

2«fferred  from  conSlo^LtLramr;'^ 

^  by  such  means  as  vemTaLr^li^'^.u'^^^^ 

JE7»''ff>.^d  ocean  .r^^^rT  ^ ^  '^  ^^^  ^^^  ^0^^  "    ' 

LcuiuM  01   nn  Alto    w^^A*— 


Ifflitketa. 


SfF^  *?»*yro^«,.»  '"^  "°*^^  *>e  .designated  as  the  ««« 

1  bat  portion  Qf  the"  Gi^at  W*.»f»»    »..  '     ^ 

a«n  of  the  St.  Lawrence  J^Ss  n^Syed  «  ^  '^T''  ^^*^°'«  of  the 
-..  of  our  country  of  the^aluX^^^^fc^^ 


[A^^J^-iyW    '^ 


\. 


^■■N 


ff        ,.,. 


I  -  \ 


1-4 


%' 


*  *i       '    •  «^ii:„«Tipp  and  wealth,  of  the  hundreids  of 
Wisingfrpth  the  H^^^ry,  «iteU.gence^a^^^^  ^^^^.^ 

^usands  of  foreigners  who.  wrthn  a  c^^^^^  F^.^^^^  ^j^^ 

landed  "P"«/"'  ?^^^;;  JeU^^^^^^  ieaS.  having  its  basison  the 
enormouaandconUt^uousaccumum  western  region,  over 

arnt>le  resources  and  natural  riches  o^^^^jP^  ^^  ^.^^ 
which  the  star  of  American  «Xd  incrT.^^  population  in  the  Gi^at 
In  connexion  with  ai^unequdledincr^  .^^^^aordinaxy  and  so 

West,  the  growth  of  the  l^^^^^tJn^nTof  its.  present  estent  and 
ranid,  that  but  few  persons  are  cognizani  f 

^Ti641  the  gross  a-unt  o^  f^^^^^^^^ 

of  dollars     In  1^46^t^^^^^^^^^^^^  ,f  Colonel  Abert  ^f  the 

milhons.    In  1848,  accoromg  commerce  of  the  Jakes  was 

topographical  ^T^^^L*' Jf^  Sons  Owing  to  various  causes,  but 
one  liundred  an^  ^'S^YnXx  Sr«^ersra«a  the  opening  oi  newand 
particularly  tothe  great  mfl^^^^^^^  J     .^^^^^^  ^^^ 

extensive  l^n^s  of  mtercommumca^^^^^^^  J  ^^^^  ^^^^^^^ 

more  largely,  unol,  ^"  1^^^' ^'^^  1"  £^^^^    the  value  of  the  property 

mUUon..  And  t^^^^^^^X^^VhasTn^no  been  taken  of  the  chii  of 
constantly  changing  hands,  nor  nas  any  "" 

vessels,  ur  tjie  profits  of  the  ^^^^^^J^^^'^^  -^  ^  practicable  therein, 

It  is  not  ^i^^'^^Sof  tL  t^ld^^^^^^^^^  Mississippi, 

to  attempt  a/uU  «I^"?°'J°*  ^.^^Xouch  that  great  vaUey,  unsurpassed 

theMissoun,ortbeOhio,fljw^^^  ^^   V^  Old^orld. 

^  in  aU  the  elements  of  wealth  by  auj^^^  particular  and  earnest 

This  trade  ^^^  .^"^.'^;^^^^  itL  here  ^oper  to  state,  that  one 

attentionof  American  statesmen,    av^  i  F    i-        ^^^^  ^ 

great  cause. of  the  growth  of  the^e  trade  ^^^^  .^  ^^^^F 

Sal  invesugation  as  to  the  entire  interna  trade  «*  »»»f  W^«^;      3^,  g^g  1 
In  1836  there  left  the  lakes  by  the  Ene  canal  for  tide-water,  dO,a^J 
ton^of  wheaHnd  flbv^.    In  llsi  there  left  the  same  pou.ts.  on  the 
same  canal,  401,187  tons  of  similar  articles. 

rrisi  the  total  amount  of  wheat  and  flo"^  ^'jJ^^.'^'^^.S^f^.t" 
water  by  the  New  York  canals,  was  467,694  tons;  showing  that  while 
bLtS^een  r  lakes  and  tide-water  the  State  ot  New  York  furnished 
STs?  tonT  or  over  76  per  cent,  of  the  whole  quantity  dehvered,  in 
?^1  it  Sy  furnished  66,43^  tons,  or  aboutll^er^ei^^ 

k-to  odier  Modona)  wQl  allow  to  b«  now  nude.  I 


;|V 


^  / 


BLim.  im. 


tolls  atnountinff  to  SI  fi14  «?l9.Tifi    •     iLf  •  *^^«o34,343,  and  paying 
»«„»       1     '"  »      9i.oi4,J4»;  while  m  J851  it  amounteH  in  -i  aqo  <»qq 
tons,  valued,  ascending  and  descendinff,  at  H59^q?  sm    1., '       I  ?. 
amounting  to  $3^329  727  ^  tay,y81,801,  paying  tolls 

zigzag  cLse/TheirsuSsVS^^^  *^*  P^^^^»^  ^ 

,  by  one  great  outlet   the  nnWr  af  t       ^""^  their  way  to  the  ocean 

a  channel  of  communication  between  the  wJS      a    "^g^^y  river  as 

nevertheless  certain  to  be  L^  u7eV  nn^  .     •  ^"^  the  Atlantic,  it  is 

in  proportion  to  eveiy  materi^stride  rf.     '"""^"^  ^"  importance. 

Lentof  thecountiylXbg^onltTk^^^  P-P-Uy  and  advance- 

dof^r  a"!^!;;::,!^^^  -  ^r  for^he  espedal  acco^moda- 

|tendingfari^t7thrSLTthJ:"   wf"'  ''  ^^'^^  *^"«5  ^^^ile  ex- 

of  th^  region!  Lake^SerL^^H^^^^^  '"  '"f'^  ^''^  requirements 

report,  under  tl.e  heaS  0^^!  win  ;r^  ^k'  ^"'^  .^"^^'^'^^  *«  *»>'« 

the  great  lakes  for  all  the  SitV  an  I  Kt    ?'''  "•*"'"^  ""^  P^^^^^^^ 

tentf  and  that  the  Su  LwrLnce  L  tho.V  n  .     '1  ^^T""'  f  *^«  ^««ti- 

V  Ti^ere  are  those  who  Sain  tlm^L^  ''"''^'  '^^  '^^  '^^ 

ton  of  the  St.  Lawrence  aXhtw  wf  •       '"Pf^^^'nfnt  of  the  naviga- 

Canadj;r.andespecLltyof  W^^^^^^^  '"^-ests  of  the 

vould  be  promoted  hyniwhmm^nZtU     ^  ¥T^^  ^'  ^^""^  '""^^'^^^ 

M  such  anticipaUonLf  LiuTtXw  V 'l"^"*^  ^''"^  ^''^  ^^«^^g 

tities  w<Mild  be  reahzTd    S^rl?!  S'"''  ?•"  ^?  «"y  «^  «"r  AtlantiS      ' 

owing  down  Ae  „et  Ju.I^w^^jf^""*''^^?'-^^^^^' whilst  that 

fcj;^^!'^^*''^"^^^^^^^  New  resource. 

h^«!5&-hS??^^  'ererredtointhe^port 

brtheriindce.     Wfalfe^l^^^AP"^  *?^^ 
be  West  by  canl.  «^CtraXnT"T"  ^'"^""" *^«  *^'«^  ^ 
kpidity  under  the  ^SedTfluTnl^f  T^^^     '-  '""T'^S  ^'^'^  «"^'h 
Mte  evident  that  proviS^m„rUn  jl^     ^^^  ^^  « 

bcoramodationort  theE  TL^u  ^  "^'^^.  **"  «'^''q"«te  harbor 
Hy  rivalling  thL  on  MS  \^»«««»*^«f  ^eir--merce, 


i 


It  is  a  remarkable  fact  that  there  are  but  few  natural  harb6r?  on  the 
lakes,  the  shores  differing  in  that  respect  from  the  seacoasts  of  the 
United  States,  and  of  the  northern  coloniep,  which  are  amply  provided 

with  the  finest  harbors.  „  J ,     <r^  j      ,       i  , 

While  the  commerce  of  ChicJigo,  Bnffplo,  Oswego,  and  other  lake 
ports,  is  of  more  value  than  the  commer<ie  of  any  of  the  ports  bn  the 
Atlantic,  except  Nefr  ©rleans,  Boston,  atid  New  York,  the  harbors  of 
the  lake  ports,  even  whilst  their  commerce  is  yet  in  its  infanqy,  are 
wholly  inadequate  to  the  number  of  vessels  already  on  the  lakes.  The 
numerous  disasters  in  consequence  of  the  insecunty  of  these  harbors, 
call  loudly  for  the  improvement  of  such  havens  as  can  be  made  secure 
and  convenient  by  artificial  means.  ^ 

The  commercial  and  navigating  interests  m  that  section  have  from 
the  outset  been  sensible  of  the  drawbacks  arising  from  the  absence  of 
security  to  life  and  property,  and  have  unceasingly  presented  tMU 
claims  for  the  artificial  improvement  of  their  harbors  to  the  consiil^P. 
tion  of  the  State  and  Federal  governments.  ^   ,,•  ^    j! 

At  a  public  meeting  held  at  Milwaukie,  in  183,7,  with  refeteiibe  to 
the  improvement  of  harbors,  it  was  "Resolved,  That  we  will  not  desist  j 
from  memorializing  and  petitioning  Congress,  and  presenting  our  just  ^ 
rights  and  claims,  until  we  have  finally  accomplished  our  object"    The 
spirit  of  this  resolution,  it  cannot  be  doubled,  is  the  prevailing  senti- 
ment throughout  the  entire  West,  connected  by  its  trade  with  the  lakes. 

It  is  not  presumed,  in  any  part  of  this  report,  to  argue  the  question  of  the  j 
constitutionality  of  such  improvements  by  the  federal  government;  but  it 
is  unquestionably  due  to  that  great  interest,  and  to  the  preservation  of  life 
and  property,  to  state  that  a  great  and  pressing  necessity  exists  for  the 
construction  of  harbors  on  the  lakes  by  some  authority,  State  or  Fed- 
eral, and  by  some  means ;  and  whether  these  should  be  public  or  pri- 
vate, enlightened  statesmen  must  decide.     The  work  should  be  done.j 
If  the  government  of  the  United  States,  sustained  <by  the  patriotic  affec- 
tion of  the  people,  is  restrained  by  the  constitutional  compact  from  doing  I 
things  undeniably  needed  for  the  promotion  of  important  national  inter-! 
ests  and  the  security  of  its  citizens  and  their  property,  some  other  means] 
of  relief  should  be  devised.    If  it  does  possess  adequate  constitutional  j 
power,  it  should  be  exercised.  | 

The  past  action  on  this  subject  has  paralyzed,  rather  than  aided,! 
many  improvements.  Harbors  and  havens,  the  construction  of  whiclil 
was  commenced  by  government,  have  not  been  completed,  and  are  inl 
a  state  of  dilapidation ;  and  while  the  public  have  waited  for  fartherl 
aid,  many  valuable  lives  and  great  amounts  of  property  have  been  lostj 
It  is  extremely  doubtful  (even  if  there  were  sufficient  local  wealth,  andl 
if  we  could  allow  the  expectation  of  that  uni^^  of  action  in  the  vicinityl 
of  the  lake  coast  necessary  to  secure  the  construction  of  any  one  of  the! 
many  harbors  and  havens  their  lake  commerce  now  so  absolutely  re-j 
qutfes)  whether  they  could  he  completed  without  Federal  i 


The  undersigned  begs  leave  to  call  the  attention  of  the  hohoi^ble| 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury  to  tlie  necessity  of  having  marine  hospitalij 
in  the  luge  commercial  ports  upon  the  lakes.    The  casualties  oi  tl 
navigatimi  are  little  different  from  those  of  the  sea;  and  while  the  *'fresl 
water  sailor"  contributes,  fioid  his  monthly  wages,  to  the,  same  '*  hospii 


\ 


\ 


H^  l)de.   136. 


n»oney,'»  as  he  who  «  goes  down  upon  the  great  deep;*  eoual  iustW  A^ 
pands  equal  expenditure  for  the  benefit  ofbotb.  ''^"^  J"'^«*  ^^' 

fhlt  '^  """^  ^'"''"SH  ^°.  ^^y  ^^^t  »hese  hospitkJs  would  be  beneficial  • 

ofXr  ;S„T'y  ',?Tk'^^  ^^  *^  ™--"  andTe^I:r;:'wTers 
cX  at  £Tf  T  ^rTJ'.  ^^^'•y  year  much  sufferiC,  espe- 
tSo  Detro^^Ph  ""'  °^^",2^'  ?^"'^'  Cleveland,  SaSdus^ 
stTam  nn!^  ^r'  Ch«««?o,  and  Milwaukie.  all  of  which  have  a  lar^ 
steam  and  saUm^  marme,  and  are  rapidly  taking  rank  amoni? 3 

ngtlseHnTr '  "'^^-  ^^^  '""'^'^^  ^  ^^^  "-broT^^ 
nf  rehef  frn"    ''f^^^'^.P^^  the  wmter ;  the  number  of  s«iWs  need- 

iXoten&irnnT^^K'^".'  ^"^ir^^^-  .Some  of  these  sailors  are 
l^r     N^  ^''^'  ^y  ^^^  coUectors  of  customs,  to  those  wanting 

ut^'them  bvTbL' n'  '"'""^'^  f  l*^"^^  ^^^^'-^^  «»^^  ^«"r««  i«  force! 

fo^''^'^^^^^^^  i. 

yet  to  be  supphed      This  will  be  effected  by  the  conkruction  oft  shin 
Supenor  will  then  become  available.     These  as  vet  haw. T.  ^  i  \^ 

waters'"  uf'^J"  "-"'"^  r"^"^^«  "p«"  -  ^-^  -s^^dJs; 

iZT!  ^A  r  W^  '"'"^^'  **ie  most  extensive  and  productive  in 
it.7  '*'  ^"™4".l  T«^^  "««^«  «f  the  unparaSe£d  we  Sit  S 
V.1T''  "T^^  ^*'^  '^^  T  «'"«»«»Ption.  from  Lahdfs  wTere  ten 
years  since,  the  existence  of  a  single  vein  was  unknown      rj!^  ®».^" 

mines  near  the  shores  of  this  lake^surpa^  ThZ^^sTedenl^R^Z 
I A  V^l^  '"'^  ^^""^  ^^^"» '°  the  excellence  of  their  material    It  i«3 
vSoSJ*^?'"  metallurgists  that  its  silver  mines^Tough  t  ye  3-" 
veloped,  will  one  day  vie  with  those  of  Mexico.   '       ^         ^ 

lirlPnr^  Ko'^\^*'°^^7'*^  '^^P^^''  ^^«  munificence  of  the  gifts  which  Prov- 
ko  thnoncendLTt^h;  ^««^^«»  "P«"  these  bounteous  gifts  leads  us 

terorise  andn«ri«»«i    •  r  t  ®'-  Lawrence,  so  creditab  e  to  the  en- 

L  river!!JnT^^    Champlnin,  by  way  of  Whitehall,  to  the  Hud- 
pon  nver-ond  commercial  necessities  wUl  not  be  satisBed  with  le«H- 


% 


H.  Doe.  13^ 


I: 


when  the  waters  of  Superior  thus  Bow  into  the  Hudson,  and  the  ship- 
ping of  New  JTork  can  touch  upon  the  plain  in  which,  with  their  branches 
interlocking,''the  Mississippi  and  th6  St.  Lawrence  both  have  their 
origin,  it  will  be  a,  stride  equivalent  to  centuries  for  the  nation.  A 
t>oundless  field  of  commerce,  and  a  vast  expansion  of  transportation 
will  thereby  be  opened,  and  a  development  of  wealth,  suc^  as  the 
•     world  has  never  witnessed,  al&rded. 

The  commercial  results  anticipated  will  not  alone  belong  to  those 
whose  labor  and  enterprise  may  primarily  effect  them.  Commerce  ex- 
ternal and  internal,  by  steamships  on  the  ocean  or  on  the  lakes,  by  rail- 
roads aver,  or  canzus  througn,  the  land,  is  the  advance  guard  of 
civih'zation.  Whenever  true  commerce  receives  any  new  impulse  its 
beneficial  effects  accrue  not  only  to  the  countiy  from  which  it  springs 
.but  to  the  world.  'Its  advancement  is  therefore  one  of  the  highest 
duties  not  only  of  enlightened  statesmanship,  but  of  philanthropy.       i 

Although  this  report  may  have  been  elaborated  more  than'roigHt 
seem  to  have  been  designed  by  the  resolutions  or  instructions  Under 
which  it  has  been  prepared,  it  is  believed  that  no  apology  is  necessary 
for  thus  devoting  a  few  pages  to  the  evidences  of  the  rising  wealth  of 
WIS  broad  empire.    So  complete  is  the  dependence  of  one  section  of 
die  country  upon  another— so  varied  are  the  productions  furnished  in 
the  different  degrees  of  latitude  embraced  within  the  present  bounds 
of  the  confederacy,  and  yet  so  admirably  aie  the  channeFs  for  trans- 
j^rtation  supplied  by  nature  and  art,  that  the  prosperity  of  each  sec- 
tion overflows  into  the  other.    This  difl^usion  of  prosperity,  produced 
by  community  of  interests  and  sympathies,  freedom  pf  trade  and 
mutual  dependence,  is  a  sure  pledge  that  our  political  union  can  never 
be  broken. 

The  undersigned  is  not  without  hoj»e  that  the  facts  presented  m  this 

^rt  may  tend  to  promote  the  straggling  railroad  interests  of  the 

west.     Ihat  section  needs  capital,  and  greater  facilities  for  transport- 

auon  J  the  former  creating  the  latter.    The  magnificent  systems  ofrail- 

roads  in  course  of  construction,  or  projected,  for  the  transportation  of 

^ZtK^  Sf  r'  .^°™  ^^t  "^^""^  bordering  on  the  Mississippi,  so 
lar  souui  as  fet.  Louis,  must  become  important  channels  of  tradef  The 
K^"l  °?S^  '^"^^'  of  raihoads,  as  bands  of  union  and  harmony 
Detween  the  different  sections  of  this  brpad  empire,  can  only  be 
measured  by  our  posterity.  i'     »     «"  "i"y  oe 

tK^Jl^'^r'"^' '^"^"^  '^^  ^™*^  States  and  on  account  of  many  of 
tde  railroads  projected  and  in  pmcess  of  construction  in  the  West,  are 

^nf'Jl  """^^  ^"""P^.  ^^®  capilalwts  throughout  the  world.    Ignor- 

Ke  n^ZrffK  °^  '^^  'T'^y  y^^^^'  ^'"  «"PP«"  the  roadsfSnd 
SL^ilonTT  *^f ^""«  tl'^ugh  which  theymss,  causes  thi  de- 
Ev  «!.  •  T.  ^'^^^^Z"*-  below  their  value.  Yhe  large  amount  of 

rSrThl*^  "^"P'^"  '^'  ^'y&l  "^''^^y  contemplnTed,  make^  i 
l^!:,  JL  ;  ^^u  .»n?P«rtance,  which  has  not  been  lost  sight  of  in  this 

of  SwTw    f       .®  °^  ^^^  obstacles  encountered  by  the  great  interests 
"**-v  prevaua  m  the  money  markets  of  Euippe. 


Kl^BoQ.  180^ 


rhiB  jnorance  is  not  confined  to  foreigners,  but  exists  amona  a 

kds^Ln  S^T?r^r°*^  ^^^  ^'''^^'  *=^"«°'  understand  how  ^. 
Ids  isan  be  built.  andjna/lR  tn  nav.  {n  /.rtr«r.„,„.:..^i .  . 

latt^ 

tte'rhllt^^?''^  '"""P^^'r  ""T^*  aT  yetV  alourS/cannot'aTr"! 
Jte  the  nec^ity  existing  for  tlie  constant  creation  of  these  iron  Lnes 
Hmerce  depends  for  its  existence  and  extension  upon  chXw^ 
fdedas  Its  outlets,  Primarily  it  follows  What  may  be  termed  ^e 
k4^«>"tes.which^  often  iot  convenient  ones. 
Modern  commerce  h\s  sought,  and  is  constantly  creating,  at  great 
pense,  artificial  channelki^  and  this  is  so  true  of  the  United  St^tef 
L"  fnr  t^r-  '*''t'  ^°,*^§r«^at  degree,  superseded  the  natural 
Kf*/L      '■^''T  that  the%ction  of  AmSican  internal ^com. 

^?^:^z-:l'±^  tr:zt^ro^ut~t; 


liladelphia,  Boston,  or  Baldmok'*  """  ^^^^  ^'"^  *°  ^"^  ^«^^^' 
^hese  are  the  facts  which  ^^ive  so  great  consequence  to  the  leading 
field  lines  of  communica^on,  sucli  as  the  Irie  canal,  Erie  rS? 
^.  Western  railroad,  the  Pennsylvania  railroad,  the  BdUmore  a^ 
lo  railmad,  the  Mobile  and  Ohio  railroad,  the  viginia  worksTn  u^ 
S8  forcoiinectmgthe  seaboard  of  that  State  with  tie  western  Sta?^ - 

^l^^/"*'^^f^,^^*H^^^^^  ^^^^  in  Georgia,  aSd  S 
Ms  and  canals  alluded  to  in  the  report.  6  «»  «uu  oioer 

Many  portions  of  the  country  are  without  even  natural  ouUets  bv 

tlZl'^'^^iu-''  P''^"^^  *°  '^^  «^«^  J«^"g  or  n^ond  routes 

commerce     Then-  products  are  comparaUvely  vllueless,  on^couS 

[the  cost  of  transportation  to  market.*^  The  wieat  and  corn^fown 

Wntral  portions  of  Kentucky,  lUinois,  and  Missouri,  wil  not^^n 

spot,  commmid  one  quarter  their  value  in  New  York  or  the  othe? 

rkets  on  the  Atlantic  coast. 

[•his  difference  in  vdue,  between  the  points  of  production  and  con- 
niption, IS  owing  to  the  cost  of  transportation,  fience  the  nTeS 
^"e^^d'^rr^r""^  channels  S' the  development  ofTr  ^^ 
bree  Eff„^«\  "^^^  ^'?^°"  and  wider  extension  of  inland  com- 
?„;»  ^  ^°  construct  channels  of  commerce  suited  to  its  wZ. 
b  now  engrossing  the  energies  and  capital  of  the  whoL  coZ^ 

^e  at  least  thirteen  thousand  more  in  progress.    Our  roads  completed 
[From  Now  Ork»Mi  to  New  York .«««    „ 

I      ^'    toBdtin»ro ::: J2J  : 

^^»«M to Borion..  **"*"'" — — rwTTV-.^.;*,«IXJ    » 

"    "   to  New  Ywk  ■.;::; js^  •• 

"       "       toPUladelphia... H?i     " 

;;    "    toMOnHMi....     .:; ^  - 

"       "       toNewOrlewtt • JS? 

T,694 


10 


M 


have!  cost  four  hundred  millions;  those  in  progress  will  cost  at  leastl 
•two  I  hundred  and  sixty  millions  more— making  an  aggregate  of  sii\ 
hundred  and  sixty  millions.  These  roads  are  indispensable  to  keepf 
alivife  and  develop  the  industry  ot  the  country.  j 

The  cost  of  these  roads  will  not  be  less  than  twenty  thousand  dollars! 
per  mile,  requiring  an  annual  outlay  of  about  eighty  millions  for  works! 
in  progress. 

The  capital  of  the  country  is  not  equal  to  this  demand,  without 
creating  emljsJT^ssment  in  the  ordinary  channels  of  business;  and 
unless  we  dan  avail  ourselves  of  foreign  capital,  a  portion  of  our  works 
will  be  retarded,  or  we  shall  be  involved  in  financial  trouble*.  ,» 

We  ^(ild  borrow  from  England,  Holland,  arid  France,  at  compara- 1 
lively  low  rates,  the  money  needed  for  our  works ;  and  it  is  behoved 
by  statesmen  that  by  a  judicious  e^^^nsion  of  our  commerce  with 
other  parts  of  Europe  to  which  hitherto  less  attention  has  been  paid 
than  it  deserves,  inducements  could  be  created  for  jthe  investment  of  a; 
portion  of  their  large  surplus  capital  in  profitable  works  of  internal' 
improvement  in  this  country,  yielding  hieh  ratejs  of.  interest,  provided 
the  foreign  capitalists  could  be  made  to  fully  understand  our  condition,' 

!he  necessity  that  exists  for  these  works,  and  the  prospect  of  their  yield- 
ng  a  remunerating  traffic.     As  it  is,  bur  Works  are  mainly  carried' on 
)y  aid  of  foteign  capital ;  but  we  have  to  pay,  at  times,  exorbitant  rates  J 
for  the  use  of  money,  simply  because  so  little  is  known  of  the  ob- 1 
jects,  value,  and  productivene^  of  our  works. 

One  course  adopted  by  Aiany  of  those  who  are  constructing  the  road* 
in  progress  is  to  raise  money  upon  what  are  called  road  6oni».  These! 
bond^.are  based  upon  the  whole  cost  of  the  road,  and  are  consequenth 
perfectfy  safe  investments.  They  are,  notwithstanding,  sold,  on  a^ 
average,  as  low  as  86  or  87  cents  on  the  dollar,  and  the  capitalist  ii 
alone  benefited  by  the  advance.  >  1 

One  object  which  the  undersigned  has  had  in  view  in  the  preparation! 
of  this  report,  is  to  difiuse  information  that  will  secure  an  active? 
demand  for  our  sound  securities  at  the  best  rates,  so  that  the  public- 
minted  companies  who  are  struggling  under  heavy  burdens  may  refeeive 
what  their  securities  are  actually  worth,  and  may  not  be  compelled  tS 
heavy  sacrifices.    Our  companies  during  the  present  year  wiij  be  bow 
rowers  in  the  market  for  fifty  millions,  to  be  raised,  in  a  great  degree,  oJ 
these  railroad  6onds,    This  amount  will  be  borrowed  mostly  from  Eu] 
ropean  capitalists,  at  a  discount  &1"  12  to  16  per  cent.,  making  an  affffre 
gate  loss  jpf  six  to  seven  millions.  • 

These  bonds  bear  7^^r  cent,  interest.  The  above  discount  brins, 
the  rate  of  interest  on  eL  bond  having  ten  years  to  run  to  about  8^  pel 
cenL  per  annum.  ^^ 

These  bonds  are  sold  at  the  above  rates,  because  so  little  is  knovi 
of  the  projects,  or  of  tlfe  real  strength  of  the  country.    The  purchasen 
^mand  apremium  in  the  nature  of  insurance,  and  as  soon  as  it  is  foun 
««re  18  no  risk  they  demand^  and  receive  a  premium  equal  to  a  perfci 

It  is  no  part  of  Uiis  report  to  advocate,  in  any  way  whatever,  an 
parucular  railroad,  or  any  particular  route  of  commerce ;  but  ii 
view  of  the  unquestionable  necessity  that  exists  for  more  knowledg 


1^': 


18m 


11 


discount  brinj 


^  these  points,  bo3h  at  home  and  abroad— in  view  of  the  somewhat 

jpnsing  fact  that  we  have  no  published  documents  which  contain  any 

formation  ^m  reference  to  our  public  works,  calculated  to  throw 

Wit  upon  the  subject,  the  undersigned  haa  felt  it  his  dut/ to  «ieet  as 

i-  as  possible,  the  WMts  of  that  great  interest,  although  the  shortness 

[time  allowed,  and  the  difficulty  of  obtaining  materials,  has  rendered 

Je  work  much  less  perfect  than  he  could  have  wished.      The  ac- 

Impanying  report  on  the  railroads  and  canals  of  the  United  Slates:' 

hepared  with  the  assistance  of  Mr.  Henry  V.  Poor,  the  editor  of  the 

mencan  Railroad  Journal,  New  York,  with  his  map  annexed,  to  which 

ierence  has  been  made,  may,  it  is  hoped,  prove  to  be  of  value  not 

ily  to  the  railroad  interest,  but  to  the  country  generally,  and  iii/portant 

Ithis  period  to  American  and  European  capitalists. 

IThe  undersigned  conceives  that  the  position  of  our  internal  commerce. 
Ki  1  c^  f '"  this  report,  may  well  be  a  subject  of  n4tional  pride 
br  he  last  few  centuries,  the  attention  of  the  wirld  has  ^een  given  to 

l^hrthTrTn^i''^'^'?K*'^  the  discovery  of  America  aiid  the  ocean 
^th  to  the  East  Indies.  The  world  entered  upon  a  new  emch  when 
B  great  manUme  powers  struggled  for  dominion  oh  the  high  seas  As 
eloquent  American  writer*  has  said:  "Ancient  navigation  kept  near 
5  coasts,  or  was  but  a  passage  from  islb  to  isle;  commerce  now  se- 
cts, ot  choice,  the  boundless  deep. 

'"The  three  ancient  continents  were  divided  by  no  wide  seas,  and 
leir  mtercom-se  was  chiefly  by  land.  Their  voyages  were  Hke  ours 
H  L.ake  Ene— a  conUnuance  of  internal  trade.  The  vasthess  of  their 
insactions  wm  measured  not  by  tonnage,  but  by  counting  caravans 
bd  camels.  But  now,  for  the  wilderness,  commerce  substitutes  the 
a;  for  camels,  merchantmen;  for  caravans,  fleets  and  convoys  " 
I  Our  time  presents  another  epoch  in  commercial  history.    Internal 

t^l  If/r'f  i\  "^^  T^"^  "'  ^"T"'  ^°"^™°"-     Cortamerce  now 
it^^ih!f      la^esaxid  rivers,  as  well  as  of  the  sea,  and  often  substi- 

r    t  f'T""  t'  ^^^  l^"^"-    ^°'"  merchantmen,  it  now  substitutes 

r,w      ^      ^f  •*'  """*  ^°"^°y''  ^^"^  "^at^  and  freight  trains  on 

ar«ids.    Upon  tins  commerce  that  of  the  sea  depends.    Its  prosperity 

fcnr''    j!""^?tion  of  national  poWer.    As*^has  been  saJd^ya 

hilosophical  historian,t  "An  extensive  and  lively  commerce  mo\M 

kst  easily,  and  therefore  the  Soonest,  be  found  o/the  bSof  W 

Ivers  running  throu^  countries  rich  in  natural  productions      Su^ 

Ireams  facilitate  the  Intercourse  of  the  inhabitants;^  and  a  Uve  y  tmde 

It  home,  which  promotes  national  industry,  is  always  the  surest  fZ^ 

te  trrl:^"'*' '"'  -n-quently^f  foreign  Lde.    The  course 

^d  reladoris  Xoh  .''*  ^  Sre^' measure  upon  exterior  cireumstances 

U^fk  °    '.u       ?  ''^'J°'  ^"^ay^  be  controlled;  but  internal  com- 

^r^.  bemg  the  sole  work  of  the  nation,  only  declines  with  Ae  nadon 


Bancroft. 


tHeeran. 


^Li^^^Wi&uS'.-r   J-/-^l< 


t< 


p^EM^^MI 


.^1 


THE  TBADE,  COMMEBCE,  iHP  NAYIGATtON  OF  THE  HEUTl|sB  KOBTH  AMES, 

ICAN  COLONIES. 

•  '    t 

In  conformitjr  with  your  personal  directi(»i8,  and  piursuant  to  your 
written'instructions/  the  undersigned  has  diligently  prc^ecuted  certain 
ii^uiries  with  reference  to  the  British  North  Americaj|i  colonies,  more 
especiaDy  as  regards  their  fore^,  internal,  and  intejrcolopial  trade, 
their  commerce  aiid  navigation,  and  their  fisheries.  leaving' procured 
some  new  and  special  information  on  these  several  poiiifts,  of  much  in- 
terest  to  citizens  of  the  United  States,  he  submits  the,  same  without 
delay,  in  the  briefest  possible  fcrm,  to  the  consideraticui  of  the  gov. 
ernment 

Since  his  appointment  as  consul  at  St.  John,  New  BrunsWk,  in  1843, 
the  undersigned  has  had  the  honor,  on  several  occasions,  <!^f  calling  the 
attention  qT  government  to  the  extent,  value,  and  impoilttance  of  the 
trade  and  navigation  of  the  British  .North  American  eol(i|nies,  and  o| 
pointing  out  the  necessity  of  action  on  the  part  of  the  general  govern, 
ment,  to  meet  the  important  commercial  changes  which  ^lave  taken 
place  within  4he  last  few  years.  He  has  also  had  the  hoAor  of  sue- 
jesting  the  necessity  of  wise  and  liberal  legislation  in  relation  to  this 
important  and  valuable  trade,  with  the  view  of  securing  Its  profits 
and  advantages  to  citizens  of  the  United  States,  in  whose  immediate 
neighborhood  it  exists,  and  to  whom,  under  a  fair  and  equal  system  of 
commercial  intercourse,  it  may  be  said  to  appertain. 

In  the  beginning  por^on.  of'^this  report,  the  undersigned  has  teplie 
to  one  part  of  the  resolution  of  the  Senate  in  relation  to  the  trade! 
and  commerce  of  the  great  lakes;  i^nd  in  the  latter  portionJbe  hi 
the  honor  to  submit  a  number  of  documents  and  stati^cal  returns 
reladou  to'the  British  North  American  coldhies,  made  up  to  the  l^testi 
{Ktssible  moment    He  most  respectfully,  but  earnestly,  solicits  the  atten-| 
tion  of  the  government,  and  of  tne  whole  commercial  community,  to  the! 
documents  and  returns  herewith  submitted^  and  requests  a  particular' 
examination  of  the  separate  reports  an  each  colcmy  respectrvely,  and 
of  the  special  reports  on  the  British  colonial  and  French  fisheries  of 
North  America;  which,  at  this  time,  will  be  found  to  possess  much  in-i 
terest  I 

The  undersigned  also  invites  particular  attention  to  the  sketch  of  thel 
early  history,  and  present  state  of  our  knowledge  of  the  geology,  min-l 
eraloey,  and  topography,  of  Nova  Scotia  and  New  Brunswick,  pre-i 
pared  expressly  for  this  report  by  one  of  our  naost  distinguished  geolo-I 
gsts,  Dr.  Charles  T.  Jackson,  who,  in  conjunction  with  Mr?  Alger,  oil 
Boston,  first  brought  to  public  notice  the  important  mineral  resourcJ 
of  these  provmces.  I 

That  fall  confidence  may  be  placed  in  the  statements  relating  tol 
trade  and  commerce  of  the  colonies  embraced  in  this  report,  it  may  bel 
propw  to  state  that  each  colony  has  been  visited— the  three  followinirl 
JLfmada,  Nova  Scotia,  and  New  Brunswick^'^-several  tinHM  in^?ipr.rm  fel 


l^w"!!.  "'^''^\^"'*  *^^^  *^^  ''^^"^"^  ^^^«  ^^eri  carefiiUy  coiSd  nil 
^«y-  S"*'®"'*^.'*°^T^"^'  ^""^  fr°™  trustworthy  private  re^urcesil 
aad  w  this  connexion  the  undersigned  gratefoUy  expresses  his  obligationij 


.,*  ?■», -u^aAa^^K^iki^^ 


^T'i^i2id^Mt ^i^M^i^  - 


riffa  NOBTH  AMES, 


rhomag  C.Xeefer,  esq.,  Montreal,  for  his  contributions  respecting  the 
purees,  trade,  Imd  commerce  of  Canad^ 

The  possessions  of  Great  Britain  in  North  America,  exclusive  of  the 
st  India  Islands,  are,  the  united  provinces  of  Canada  East  and 
nada  West,  the  province  of  New  Brunswick,  the  province  of  Nova 
[)tia,  which  includes  the  island  of  Cape  Breton,  the  island  colonies 
Newfoundland  and  Prince  Edward   Island,  Labrador,    and  the 
le-spread  region  jincluding  Vancouver's  Island,  the  most  important 
bition  on  the  Pacific  ocean)  imder  the  control  of  the  Hudson's  Bay 
^pany,  extending  from  Labrador  to  the  Pacific,  and  from  the  north- 
bounds  of  Canada  to  the  Arctic  ocean,  except  the  districts  claimed 
Russia. 

Phese  jwssessions,  viewed  merely  with  reference  to  their  vast  super- 
&s,   which  exceeds  four  millions  of  geographical    square  miles, 
iprise  a  territory  of  great  importance,  more  especially  when  the 
wfold  advantages  of  their  geographical  position  are  taken  into  con- 
eration.    But  their  unportance  should  be  estimated  less  by  their 
itorial  extent  than  by  the  numerous  resources  they  contain ;  their 
at  capabilities  for  improvement ;  the  increase  of  which  their  corn- 
fee  is  susceptible ;  and  the  extensive  field  they  present  for  colonizar 
\  and  settlement. 
The  British  North  American    provinces,  to- which  these  reports 

documents  are  more  especially  confined,'  occupy  comparatively ' 
^   a  small  portion  of  the   aggregate  superficies  of  the  whole  of 
1^^ British  possessions  pn  this  continent;  yet  they  cover  a  wide  extent 
^'ountry,  as  will  be  perceived  by  the  following  statement  of  their 

i'  • 
!•  • 

nada  East,  (acres) v 128,669,680 

nada  West.. :...     31,746,639 

'  .  ,  — — 160,406,219 

Brunswick 22,000,000 

Ira  Scotia  (proper) 9,634,196 

Breton 2,000,000 

r  _ji     J  ' ■  11.534,196 

rtoimdJaitd . . . . ; .  ;■.  ■.■ . ....... ... . . . . .... . : . ......  23,040,000 

ace  Edwardlsland , 1,360,000 

Total  area  British  North  American  provinces 218,339,415 

In  1830  the  population  of  all  these  provinces  was  stated  at  1,376,000 
Is.  The  census  returns  at  the  close  of  the  year  1861,  give  the 
jwing  as  their  present  population  : 

lada,  East  and  West 1,842,265 

rBrunswick      193,000 

i^a  bcotia  and  Cape  Bretcm 277  006 

vfoun^nd. •  i.- • -jl^,— •  •_-_r^- -'--  ^OiJoOOl^ 

ic£i  Edward^  Island. . . . .  .7 62*678 

T**^ 2,476,648 


~^~f 


The  following  table  is  an  abstract  fitMn  the  late  Canadian  cenflttB : 


Origiii. 


Lowar 


NadTM  of  England  ud  Wain 

Scodand 

Ireland.. '., ^ 

Canada,  Fronch  oHglq 

"       not  of  French  origin 

United  States 

Nova  Sootia  add  Prince  Edward. 

New  Brunswick 

Newfoundland.... ^.» 

Weatlndiea.. ...: 

East  Indies 

Oennany  and  Holland 

France  an9  Belgium 

Italy  and  Greece 

Spain  and  Portugal 

Sweden  and  Norway 

I  Russia,  Poland,  and  Prussia 

Switzerland 

Austria  and  Hungary. 

Guernsey 

Jersey  and  other  British  Islands... 
Other  places '1 

Birth-place  not  known..- 


.  Upper 
Canada. 


If" 


Total  population.. 


".23Q 

14,565 

51,498 

869,588 

185,580 

18,488 

474 

480 

6K 

47  < 

15fi^» 

mi 


8 

'      88 

8 

116 

893 

830 

10 

8,446 


890,861 


«,e8Q 

75,811 
176,867 
86,417 
686,093 
43,730 
3,786 
^8,634 
^      79 
346 
106 
9,957 
,     1,007 
^  15 

67 
89 
188 
809 
11 
84 
131 
1,351 
168 


Total 


968,004 


93,92 

90, 3?! 

287,76 

W5,!k 

651, 6t 

56,21 

4,25 

,     3, 11 

13 

39 

11 

10,  n 

1,3S 
t. 

r 
( 

19 
2< 

; .     1 
u 

2,  If 

!¥. 
3,311 


1,842,361 


Taking  the  average  ratio  of  increase  of  these  coloniefi  collectively,  ii 
J  has  been  found  that  they  double  their  population  every  sixteen  or  eiil 
teen  years;  yet,  various  causes  have  contributed  to  render  the  increasr 
smaller  in  the  last  twenty-one  years,  than  at  former  periods. 

But  the  commercial  freedom  which  Great  Britain  has  recently  coi 
V  u  ?  *^^-  *^o'""^^o"S'  both  at  home  and  abroad*  haa  caused  thts 
JVorth  American  colonies  to  take  a  new  start  in  the  race  of  nations,  ani 
in  all  probabihty,  their  population  will  increase  more  rapidly  hereaJie 
than  at  any  previous  period. 

The  swelhng  tide  of  population  in  these  valuable  possession*  of  tb 
crown  of  England,  great  as  has  been  its  constant  and  wonderful  i« 
crease,  will  scarcely  excite  so  much  surprise  as  a  consideration  of  ti^ 
astomshing  growth  of  their  trade,  commerce,  and  navigatiob  within i 
comparatively  briefand  recent  period.  "' 

In  1806,  the  value  of  all  the  exports  from  th^  whole  of  the  Brit 
rsoTtb  American  colonies  was  but  #7,287,940       \  | 

mor."E*^^  next  quarter  of  a  century,  alter  18oi  these  exports  we 
more  than  doubled  m  value,  for  in  1831  they  amouked  to  $16,623.6l! 
Jnjth^twenty  years  which  have  elapsed  ffliniSr 


^E^ot  merelv  doubled,  but  have  reached  ^cr^s^  oThG  t 
^nt.  During  tlie  year  1861  the  exports  of  the  Brit^h  North  Americ 
colonies  amounted  to  no  less  than  $35,720,000.      ^ 


Sanadian  censiiB : 


«,6W 

75,811 

176,867 

96,417 

696,083 

■  43,730 

3,786 

^9,634 

*•       79 

345 

106 

9,957 


93,91 

90, 35 

297,76 

W6,9« 

661, 6J 

66,21 

4,25 

3,11 

13 

39 

11 

10,  Ij 


*     1,007 

1,38 

15 

t 

57 

29 

I 

1;B8 

19 

909 

2< 

11 

'          1 

94 

U 

131 

a 

,     1.351 

2,1( 

168 

nj 

889 

3,351 

960,004 

1,842,26, 

lied  collectively,  hi 
■y  sixteen  or  eigi 
»nder  the  increa  ' 
»eriods. 
has  recentlv  cod 
has  caused  thc8« 
:;e  of  nations,  ami, 
rapidly  hereaiiei 

possession*  of  th 
nd  wonderful  i« 
nsideration  of 
ivigatioh  within^ 

ole  of  the  Brii 

ese  exports  we 
i  to  $16,623,61l| 
831,  the  ea^ 
rease  of  116*  ^ 
North  America 


fi«iDo^  18%  If 

Equal  with  this  constant  increasA  in  the,value  of  exports,  has  been 
[increase  of  shippinff  and  navu^tion.  . 

The  tonnage  outward,  by  sea,  troo^  afl  the  ports  of  these  colonies,  in 
pe,  was  but  124,247  tons.  \  -» «. 

In  1831  die  tonnage  outward  by  seakmounted  to  836,668  tons^  exhib- 
it an  increa^  ofB?  per  cent,  in  the  hudrtfer  of  a  century  which  had 

}  large  an  increase  as  this  could  W  be  expected  to  be  main- 
|ied;  yet  the  increase,  which  has  takeii  place  during  the  twenty  years 
pe.elapsed,  has  been  nearly  as  remarkable.      In  1861,  thb  tonnage 
ward  by  sea  from  the   North  American   cobnies  amountedTo 
83,104  tons,  or  nearly  double  what  it  w)ias  in  the  year  1831 
Lt  an  early  period  alter  their  first  setdeVnent,  the  inhabitants  of  the 
^h  American  colomes  directed  their  attention  to  ship  buUdinir.    the 
ntries  they  occupy  furnish  timber  ofgreatWcellencefor  this  purposed 
are  possessed  pi  unnvaUedfaciUties  for  tJe  construction  md\aSic\^ 
oi8tu0.      This  branch  of  busmess  has  Ateadily  increased,  until  it 
J  attained  a  prominent  position  as  princiJaUy  employing  colpnial  ' 
lenals  wrought  up  by  colomal  mdustry.     XTfirst  the  colonists  only 
btructedsuchvessesas  they  reqnh-ed  for  iheir  own  coasting  and    • 
fign  trade,  and  for  the  prosecution  of  their  unteqnalled  fisherie?;  but 
ate  years'  they  have  been  somewhat  extensivdy  eheaffed  in  thte  con- 
Icuon  of  ships  of  large  size,  for  sale  in  the  UniJed  Kingdoms.  ,  New 
bs  may  therefore  be  classed^  among  the  export^^of  the  British  North 
ierican  colonies  to  the  parent  State.  A  .  , 

The  new  sKips  built  in  these  colonies  in  1832  amounted,  in  the  ag-- 
gate,  to  33,778  tons.    In  1841  the  new  vessels  were  more  than  thrfe 
es  as  many  as  m  1832,  and  numbered  104,087  tohs.      In  1849 
[tonnage  of  new  ships  increased  to  108,038  tons.    In  1850  there  was- 
|7S7^M     '"'''^^'  **'^.  "^^  ^'^'P^  ''"^^  i°  tliat  year  numbering 

1^1;?^  '^''^T'^  ^^""^  ^T  ?P"^^y  ^°'"  *^^  profitable  employment 

hippmg,  IS  demonstrated  by  the  steady  increase  of  their  mercantile 

ne.      t  rom  those  periods  m  their  early  history,  when  each  cdonv 

Bd  >ut  one  coaster,  their  vessels,  year  by  year,  without  a  dl 

se  at  any  period,  and  without  a  single  pause  or  check,  have  regu- 

En  Zl     ""  """T^'  ^?  '?  *°°°^«^'  "P  "^  '^^  present  moment, 
fen  then:  a^egate  exceeds  half, a  million  of  tons,  now  owned  and 

ine  rate  ot^this  steady  and  contmual  increase  of  the  tonnage  of  the 

I  ptslt  cen^^^^^^  ''  ^"""^  P^"^^  '^^^  '"^^  commencement^o, 
Aggregate  tonnage  of  the  provinces  of  Canada,  New  Brunswick 

iSi'SiS""-^"-^  "■"  ^-  E■^w..d^sla,d.r;a 

la...  ======  "^  ToiM, /"" 

So 71,9^ 

J6 176,040 

16* S74,738 

JO 399,204 

* '• 440,936 


l/' 


HI 


The  crnnmerce  of  the  cblolljes  may  be  said  to  have  had  iu  be^finnitij 
withk  the  post  century.  Without  entering  upon  details  of  i^  nse  anc 
egctraordinary  progress,  whic^  can  bd  clearly  traced  in  die  documenti ' 
attached  to  this  report,  and  to  the  report  which  I  had  the  honor  of  suk 
mitting  to  you  in  1850^  it  will  be  of  great  interest  to  notice  its  ptesen 
ebnent  and  importance.    '       . 

The  tonnage  ent^ecl  inward  by  sea,  at  the  several  ports  of  the  NortI 
American  cdaajeiBf  amounted  in  1861  to  an  aggregate  of  1,670,663  tong 
'  The  tonnage  ;*f feared  Wtward  in  that  year  fi^om  the  same  porti 
omounted  to  1,66S,104  tons.  /     ' ' ' 

Commensurate  with  this  laigie  Amount  of  tonnage,  employed  i 
a  commerce  which  may  be  said  to  have  had  its  beginning  since  1783 
has  been^the  extent  of  colonial  trade  during  the  year  iust  past.  ^ 

The  value  of  this  trade  is  exhibited  in  the  condensed  statement; 
which  follow. 

The  total  exports  of  Canada  for  1851;  made  up,  from  United  State 
and  Canadian  returns,  for  this  report,  give  a  different,  but  a  more  cor 
rect  result,  as  will  be  seen  by  the  following  statements: 

The  total  exports  from  Canadi  for  1851,  as  per,  returns. .  $13,262,371 

Of  which  Quebec  exported $5,622,388 

"         Montreal 2,503,916 

*•         Inland  pori^..:..^ 5,136,072 

13,262,371 ; 

Exported  to  Great  Britain. $6,435)844 

"  United  States 4,939,300" 

**         British  North  Anierican  colonies.  1,060,544 

•*       .  Other  countries * 826,688 

— 13,862,371 

The  character  of  the  above,  and  the  comparative  value  of  the  chie| 
material  interest^  of  the  colcmy,  may  be  seen  by  the  following  table: 

Mines , , ^  $86,76: 

Sea.. 1...  .^       849,29 

Forest 6,063,51 

Agricultural * i 817,49 

Vegetable  food 8,766,39 

Other  agricultural  products.. *.........  88,02 

Kanuiactures ^ 55^12 

Unenumerated .^ » , . , '  2,1  IS,"??! 

13,862,87i 


c-t.-^ 


e  had  itt  be^finnliij/ 
!tails  of  i^  nse  an; 
I  in  the  documenti 
d  the  honor  of  sub 
>  notice  jts  preseu 

i  ports  of  the  Noni 
?  of  1,670,663  tons 
oat  the  same  pom 


rom  United  State! 
tt,  but  a  more  cor 
Its: 

$13,263,371 


■\ 


S-  Doc; 


\iparu  into,  Cmadahy  river  St.  Latarence,  giving  only  the  prindbal 
cut  and  value$f/or  the  year  1861. 


artp- 


Articlei. 


fea. .,; _ 

fobacco , ' 

Jtton  manufactures *  * 

fooUen manufactures! ......[[ 

iware  manufactures. '.'..'.'. 

fooden  ware ^ 

:hinery . .  ^ J "  *' 

3t8  and  shoes *  *  ] 

infactures  of  leather '.'.'...['.. 

Ides 


led  leather, 
not  pedm. . . 


PKar.i. 
plasses. 

It 

lass 


krs 


mfactures  of  silk 

lufactm-es  of  India  rubber, 
re  stuffi 


tee. 
it.. 


enumerated 


ValoM. 


$16^,084 
18,924 
3,018,332 
2,301,816 
1,627,208 
11,612 
6,862 
6,868 
63,166 
1.164 
46,440 
136,708 
66,228 
12^396 
712,408 
60,968 
26^80 
76,260 
101,176^ 
90,03l> 
407,492 
233,324 
38,91€t 
13,632 
54,304 
71,260 
6,866^770 


16,217,816 


fer  b^d tu^Ki^""^'  «"  *«  United  S^e,,  and  U»« 


Bs.u-.i.w'.a?  ^-^^.■A,. 


■<■■&' 


jf       .^' 


(V\ 


^ 


iWW 


"■■\ 

It'  >■  ' 


>,!'■• 


%*i  ^  WiTV--" -^  TT"^??;     ''^^P  ''  ^'f-'^if>'^^/ 


19 


H;  Poc  186. 


ErvarUfrm  Canada  to  other  countries,  (principallv  Great  Briiatn,)  gi^ng 
^^''P^^tlu^r^nciml  ankle,  afdfHdu^^ 


the  principal 


Values. 


Apples -  ■  -  - - 

Ashes,  pot . .  - 

Ashes,  pearl. - *  * 

Ash  timber. ' ' 

Barley 

Battens. .-. 

Beef 

Birch  timber 

Biscuit . . .  -  r'. - 

Butter. 

Deals,  pine  and  spruce 

Elm  timber 

-Pk)ur 

Handspikes 

Xard •  - •- 

Lath-wood  and  fire-wood 

Masts 

Meal,  com  and  oat 

Oak  timber 

Oars ' 

Oats 

Peas  and  beans - *» 

Pine  timber,  red  and  white 

Pork 

c^bii^es 

Spars • 

^ipiyes. 

Tamarab  wood  and  sleepers 

Furs  and  skins 

Total  from  Quebec 

Value  of  similar  articles  from  Montreal. 
IJnenumerated  from  other  ports 

Total  exports  by  the  St.  Lawrence 

at 


$2,404 

86,900 

37,372 

14,900 

408 

1,960 

6,268 

18,468 

4,376 

26,696 

937,480 

196,124 

670,876 

900 

2,266 

32,080 

67,100 

9,976 

189,308 

4,636 

2,276 

8,960 

1,974,760 

30,424 

260 

44,640 

382,136 

6,096 

12,208 


4,671,048 
2,060,156 
1,401,212 


8,182,416 


JaA.'^j^'-. 


«7«5W»»W*WWI«! 


^      J  

-  H.  Do<j.    135.  * 

Natural  products.     Domestic  ma^TTT"^  " 

_  f  I         «c. 

Oanada  ... 
New  Brunswick  ""•'•'• '\     «?,024,188  (     $3  471  aar  ,  ^ 

Newfoundland     "   869,683  Slff     «2.712,675 

Nova  Scotia.    803,946  ilkUt  ^^^^702 

^-eEdwa.ifi<i;;:;j      «>J;|«W      ^..fS      ^T,f^ 

Aggregate  of  colonial  imvo^fr       ^T^  ~ ~—^ 

I  Canada...  I  |~ ^ \ ' 

I  Nova  Scotia." .'."'- «12,876,828  $«  00^  oq«  L 

jNew  Brunswick^ 2,133,035  1  gonS     «1'447,376 

iNewfoundJand       " '       2,292,390  1' S'l  ?«       ^'003,640 

IPrince  Edward  "iiand 1.600,750  998  yof       ,  ^^*'»86 

I                             '^•''''* 279,898  ffS       ^'655,695 

Total.  —- --~L-___!_Z_        305,974 

GreatBriiSta.     |    United  State,     Lj. 

lanada 1 

Jova  Scotii.* ! ; ; ; «6,781,204  I  $4,939  2fin  I  .,  ^ 

lew  Brunswick ^42,245  7Qfi':|?     «1.0W,«88 

lewfoundland     V '  * 8.909,790  J??f f^       2,663,640 

Irince  Edward  li^d 2,162,755  oo'c^ft       „  J*5,190 

'    Tofal...  p-»^lIIIlL     ■   ^'^^  I       184,688 

11»568,925         0  210  n«n  rT: ~~~- 

^— ^__^_____^  ,o»-J18,060   •   6,877,881 


§(0  H.  Doc.  Iot. 

COLONUL  TRADE  IN  1851.  . 

'  CANADA. 

IniDorts-sea       •$16,324,348 

Imports-^a 8,681,680 

""^"    $24,006,028 

ExDorts— sea        $8,081,840 

Exports-sea        .  +3,269,888 

""  y  36,347,766 

Add  for  value  of  new  ships  built   at  Quebec,   and 

sent  to  England  for  sale,  $1,000,000  ;  and  a  farther 

•     large  sum  for  under-valuation  of  exports— making 

in  the  whole $40,000,000] 

NEW  BRUNSWICK. 

Imports $4,862,440 

Exports,. 3,780,106 

8,632,645  ^ 

New  ships,  45,000  tons.... «»  aU         10,000,0C 

NOVA  SCOTIA.  ^1 

Imports $6,627,640 

Exports 3>542,310 

9,069,960  ., ...  in  all  10,000,00 


f 


NB  WFOUNDIiAND. 

Imports $4,609,291 

Exports 4,276,876 

8,886,167 in  all 

•'  PRINCE    EDWARD    ISLAND. 

Imports 1680,476 

Exports ,.  360,466 

9&0,940 inall 

Jfew  ahipping,  16,000  tons. 

-■ w—"" 

Grand  t6laK^ >••• 


9,000,0 


1,800,0 


70,900,0 


*  XUiMtoait  tadodM  goodi  iiilnMndi. 


tB|  United  StatMNtam,  I 


^_-■„_  iniportar 
jSSen  place  in  i 
Iquarter  of  a  centi 
laccomDlished  dm 
land  rther  countri* 
Icreasod  the  export 


«,J.Vik4i,/j 


.,«**i«S.;4..<. 


"#  Doc.  136.  2j 

Although  it  appears  by  this  statement  thnt  „    • 
the  amount  of  iijorts  gready  exceSs  t}^  L' '  "I  '^'^''^^'^comtnes, 
ports,  yet  it  mustV  t&n  iL^counrthat  ^^^^^^'^  ^^"\«^  '^^  ^^- 
trade  against  the  colonies  is  fuUy^vercle  L^^^^  ^^^»<^«  «f 

ptheu-  exports  are  valued  at  the  vlZ7^o?thiJ        '"""^  P"^^  ^^  which 
iJie  prices  obtained  abroad  •  the  vX?5  ^^'P^?"?*'  as  compared  with 
the  freights  earned  by  these  shLl   whf  "^^^«  V  ^old  in  England ; 
and  the  large  freights  eSnedX  S^'^""  -^^^  *°  ^  «^^ket 
bulky  products  of  tSecolo^estofLi^  ^'^P^  '"  transporting  the 

sales,  and  earningra^cmrto  ir^^'^T^^^'l^"  °^^^'<^h  pfofite! 
trade  of  the  colomfs,  Ttt^e  preset  ti^T^  uf '^r'  ^"^  renSer  the 

After  presenting  the  nrecpE^t  ?^  '  ^^^^t^  "^^  prosperous, 
deem  it  J^essary^odSs  t^^^^^  '^'  unde^sigied  does  not 

estmg  questions'^  which    thev\m    In  ."^«^««r  the  many  inter- 

present  to  the  statesmen  of  EnSd  "  fT""^-'""'  "^questionably  . 
^}^l  question  of  reciprocal  freetmS^  k^™^"''^.'  """^^^  especiaUy 
and  the  British  North  African  Cdo^etk^^^^^  r*^"  Unite/ States 
received  especial  attention  in  a  preilous  rT  ^^r^^^^^^^^' ^^ 
submitted  to  yourself,  and  printed  -,,^1  P.- "  1  *^^  undersigned 
31st  Congress,  2d  session;     ^  ^  Executive  Document  No?  23, 

From  1794  to  1830  the  trarlp  nf  *u^      i     ■ 
negotiation  between  the  tw^govlmenT^^^^^^^^  ^^"^>^*  «f  "^ueh^^ 

by  John  Quincy  Adams  as  one  of^«  /  ^  "^^^  ^"^^y^  considered 
States.  Thisp^rotra^d  ^d  ^Lf  useC''^"'"^'  ^^  *^«  UniLd 
other  results  than  a  contractiorSrL  ttde  nf^?£'^''°"i  P':^"^^^  no 

^"Ts^ri^rt^ofb'oVro^^^^^^^^^^  -^--  -<^- 

McLane's  arrang^n^  wlthTnSrinlsto    ^"T^  ^^^^  ^- 

^ade,  were  most  unsatisfactory  to  tKmm^rS'   ""  '^  ^^°"  *°  ^« 
forth  from  that  interest  urSnrrmZ^fn       """"^""'^y' ^^  <^aUed 

character.     Time  has*  however  ^rf^u'^^-  ""^^^^  t^""  Partial 

upon  the  general  inter;stsTrhe'AE?J^''!.  M^^^  °?^'ation 

X^e^r^^'-^  ^^-  pr^-srco^Sim^L^^^^^ 

in&efl^Xl^^^^^^^^  ^-hole,  had  a  beneficial 

subject  to  many  onerous  and  ^feS^^^^^^  ^«J>  the  coloiS 

a  very  injurious  effect  upon  it     Sn^?  restrictions,  which  have  had 
«otrapiJly  increase;  bKen  it  sudSenl^' ^'"^^5*^' ^ 
nod  to  the  present  time  there  hai  b^nfZ^'?"'^^^'    *'~°»  ^hat  po- 
means  to  the  extent  which  wn.^^  u         *^"«tant  increase,  but  by^ 

the  trade  had  been  whX  ^Sred 'LHr^^^^^^^    ^«"  P^«  ^ 
natural  course.  ^  unlettered,  and  allowed  to  flow  freely  in  its 


hutnerof  acenturv  YvhLJT.^^S^'"^?^  *«•»  <<»  neirly  a 


>  kr^' 


iia 


>l^*'»^A'  f  f 


^^3^     1 


JH.  Doc.  136. 

in  1861.  For  many  years  after  the  Revolution,  under;  a  wise  and  saga- 
cious policy,  the  colonial  trade  received  a  very  considerable  share  of  at- 
tention, and  efforts  were  made  to  place  it  on  an  equitable*  if  not  a  liberal 
basis ;  but  it  unfortunately  became  involved  with  questions  embracing 
the  whole  foreign  policy  of  the  country,  which  prevented  Ihe  adoption 
of  permanent  n^easures  of  a  liberal  character. 
^  Soon  after  the  imperial  act  of  1846,  which  had  such  a  disastrpus 
effect  upon  colonial  trade,  delegates  were  sent  from  Canada  to  tMs 
coutitiy  t6  arrange  the  terms  of  a  reciprocal  free  trade  in  certain  speci- 
fied articles.  The  proposition  was  favorably  received  by  Mr.  Polk's 
administration,  and  was  ably  supported  in  Congress  by  leading  gentle- 
men of  both  parties.  A  bill  was  introduced  in  1848  for  reciprocal  free 
trade  with  Canada  in  certain  articles,  which  passed  the  House  of  Re- 
presentatives, and  would  probably  have  passed  the  Senate,  but  for  the 
great  pressure  of  other  important  matters.  ■ . 

Thifir  bill  of  1848  was  considered  by  a  portion  of  the  people  of  the 
United  States  as  strictly  a  colonial  measure,  for  the  benefit  of  the  col- 
<nusts  only:  especially,  it  was  supposed  that  it  might  prove  prejudicial 
to  the  agricultural  interests  of  this  country,  as  Canada  for  a  few  years 
has  been  an  exporter  of  wheat  to  a  small  extent;  but  the  subject  having 
since  been  discussed,  it  has  exhibited  itself  in  a  new  light,  arid  is 
now  considered  by  many  as  one  of  equal  interest  to  the  United  States 
and  to  the  colonies. 
\       The  agriculture  of  a  country  is  well  considered  as  its  most  valviable 
interest.    It  was  natural,  therefore,  that  the  first  question,  raised  as  to 
the  policy  of  reciprocal  trade,  should  have  related  to  the  effects  of  free 
Canadian  consumption  upon  our  agricultural  interests.    The  accom- 
panrying  tables,  showing  the  total  production  of  wheat,  rye,  and  com, 
m  tn^  United  States,  for  the  year  1850,  with  the  .quantity  of  agricultural 
produce  in  Canada,  show  that  nothing  is  to  be  feared  from  Canadian 
consunaption.  ;  ,  "      j 


Nomfeer  of  aci 


Produce  in  bus 


Agricvhural  ^bttract — Upper  and  Lower  Canada^  1861. 

' \ 


Ludi,  piodooe,  live  itock,  and  domestic  manu- 
facturet. 


Nuaber  of  peraona  occupying  landa 

9f  whom  tboae  held  10  aorei  toA  under 

■      V  10    to   90 

90    to   60 

.    :     '  60    to  100 

100    to  200 

Oer    80t 

Xtnb«r  <rf  aerea  held  bjr  the  above 

':-..'■  «  ",    under  ouHlTation 

.,t'    »       "       "     on^ in  1661... 

m  u        u 

■'  -^  "       "     gardens  and  oreharda 

•:    *  "    wild  or  under  wood. 

••  "    undocwhett , 


94,449 

13,961 

2,701 

17,409 

37,886 

18,608 

4,666 

6,113,915 

3,606,617 

8,078,9M 

30,909 
4,506,396 
487,111 


Upper 
Canada. 


Total. 


99,860 

9,976 

1,669 

18,467 

46,097 

18,491 

3,060 

9.893,933 

3,097.784 

8,874,666 

66,469 

6,146,600 

788,llfi 


194r^ 

83,237 

4,580 

36.876 
5,9W 


7,765 

17,987.148 

7.aQS,241 

4, 847.589 1 

-8,W0,fl 

86.688 1 
10.  MS,  907 
1«909,2» 


■f(l-  (■ 


..Sii' 


Agricultural  Abatract—GommneA. 


P^ 


Land-,  produce,  live  irtooir,  and  domestic  mann: 
factureg. 


Lower 
Canada. 


er  of  acres  under  barley 
"       "      lye... 


Prodncfl  in  bnsheli 


lbs. 

tons 

Ibi. 


gaUa. 
yarda 


peas... ,, 

"      oats '.''.'.'.'.'.'. 

"      buckwheat !!""! 

"      maize \"' 

"      potatoes '".'.'.'".'. 

"      turnips ]!!!!!" 

"  -nr?**®'  «™P».fiJiow'andidie 

I — Wheat ,..,... 

Barley. '*" 

Eye,: 

Pea«. 

oatB iir."!!"" 

Buckwheat .'!'* *^ 

Maize i ."."!."* 

Potatoes.. "■ 

Turnips ."^"."il!l!' 

Clover  and  grass  seeds.II' 
Parrots 

Mangel  wurtzel .!  1 1 !..""" ' 
Beans ••^--. 

Hops 

Hay.t 

Flax  or  hemp 

Tobacco 

Wool 

Maple  suitar. . 

Cider...:.... 

iNiIled  doth . . 

Linen 

Flannel 


Upper 
Cwada. 


42,927 

46,007 

165,192 

590,422 

51,781 

22,669 

73,244 

3,897 

649,703 

3,075,868 


341,443 
1, 182, 190 
8,967,594 

630,417 

4*456,111 

369,909 

18,921 

82,344 

103,990 

1^,602 

111,158 

965,653 

l,8er,016 

488,652 

1,430,976 

6,190,694 

53,387 

780,891 

•,523 


Liro  j8to«k-Bulls,  oxeiu  and'stein'.;;." ^'^ 


Milch  cows 

Calves  andlbeifen 

Horses , 

fflieep 

>        pig>:. ;:  *' 

Ponnds  of  butter ' 

"         eheese .""'"' 

Barrels  of  beef 

pork '.'.'.'.'.'" 

iah 


111,819 

294,514 

180;  317 

836,077 

629,827 

256,819 

»>  637. 168 

611,014 

68,747 

233,870 

48,363 


29,916 

38,968 

192,109 

421,684 

44,265 

70,571 

77,672 

17,135 

600,151 

12,692,868 

625,875 

479,651 

8,873,394 

11.193,844 

639,384 

1,606,613 

4,987,476 

3,644,948 

460 
J 

64,^ 

18. 

113,064 

681,682 

60,660 

764,  ^-6 

8,699,784 

3,581,605 

701,618 

.587,466 

14,965 

1,169,301 

193,962 

896,924 

803.300 

968.088 

660,837 

16,976,315 

8,286,776 

817,746 

528,180 

47,580 


Total. 


y 


72,843 

84,976 

367,301 

1,018,105 

96,046 

93,240 

150,016 

81,038 

1,840^864 

16,768iT»0 

1,8944601 

B21,00« 

1,161^,801 
8,099,809 

,dl^86l 
61,381 
867,830 
168,885 
41,711 
884,882 
1,647,886 
1.917,606 
1,853,  ]8» 
4,130^746 
9,778,1«» 
754)  9W 
l,308,38r 
904.478 
8, 080,161 
306,801 
601,488 
436,805. 

430,  wy 

1,607,8|»- 

888. 4B» 

86,61S»48r 

8,78r,7fl0 

886,48» 

781. 80» 

9Bv8Bl^ 


A^Sffl  *"  ^"«' ^"-"^^ -« -»  t.k<«  in  the  minot  «.d  not  fa  the  b^ 

S? AT^^2ii;-^7  f^^^^^^^  of  the  provfaoe. 

«ter«porfc  *         °""*^*  of  the  dMp*  and  Bonaventw  lUheriea,  of  wfchfc 


^k^ra  is  a  separate 


I  • 


m 


■M' 


^ 


j^h^jL^-^H.^j. 


H. 


Do& 


Ahtratt  of  the  cereal  ^glMuce  of  the  United  States  in  1861. 


State. 


Maine  ..■> 

New  Hampshire 

Venntmt .-..!.... 

Ifassachuoetts 

Sbode  Island.... . 

Oonnecticiit •- 

New.  York.. 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

Delaware 

lifeiyland .  * 

District  of  Columbia 

Virginia 

North  Carolina 

fiouA  Carolina 

OetNTgia 

Florida 

Alabama . 

Hidsisaippi 

Louisiana.  • .  — .  • 

Texas :^. . . . 

Arkansas.....' 

/Tennessee » 

Kentilcky 

Ohio 

'  JGchigan 

bidiana . . . . , . ." . .  . 

'HUnois 

1li9iK>uri... 4. 

Iowa ^ 

.  Wiscimsin 

^Qalifiimia . . . . 


1SBBIT0IUBS. 


M]nn^80t|... 
'Qragon .... 

Utah....... 

W— r  Merico 


Wheat,  boshdi  of. 


296,259 

186,668 

636,966 

31,211 

49 

41,762 

18,121,498 

1,601,190 

16,367,691 

482,611 

4,494,680 

17,370 

11,232,616 

2,130,102 

1,066^,277 

;  1,088,634 

1,027 

294,044 

'  137,990 

417 

41,689 

199,639 

1,619,381 

2440,822 

14,487,361 

4,926,889 

6,214,468 

9,414,676 

2,981,662 

1,630,681 

4^286,131 

17,328 


1,401 
311,943 
107,702 
196.616 


100,603,899 


t^e,  biwheLi  o£. 


.  102,916 

183,117 

176,233 

481,021 

26,409 

600,893 

4,148,182 

1,266,678 

4,806,160 

8,066 

226,014 

6,609 

468,930 

229,663 

4*3,790 

63,760 

>  i,162 

.  •  17,S61 

9,606 

476 

8,108 

8,047 

89,163 

416,073 

426,718 

106,871 

78,792 

88,364 

44,268 

19,916 

81,263 


J  126 

•?•  106 

210 


14,188,639 


•^u 


■~» 


Indian  oon, 
buahelfltrf'. 


1,760,066 

1,673,670 

2,032,396 

2,346,490 

639,201 

;  1,936,043 

17,868,400 

8,769,704 

19,836,214 

3,146,642 

11,104,631 

65,230 

36,264,319 

27,941,051 

16,271,464 

30,080,099 

1,996,809 

28,764,048  j 

22,446,652! 

10,26&,373 

6,926,611 

8,893,939 

62,276,223 

68,676,691 

69,078,695 

6,641,430 

62,964,363 

67,646,984 

36,214,637 

8,666,799 

1,988,979 

12,236 


16,725 

2,9181 

9,899| 

-366,41ll 


692,326,61^1 


% 


(.  ^t^  ''^n^t'^-Ctfoh  M  c&iii^^ij^M 


fii#DbD^J86i 


^^ 


beat, 


average  price  p«r  bushel, 
do  do  . 

do  do 


80  cents. 
60     « 
45     « 


rotal—Wheat,  100,503,899  bushels. . . ........     value  «80  doq  i io 

Ry6.  14,188,639^      «       •  ■  •  ''^"^'  *  J'nqJ'if ? 

Com,.     592.326,612       «       ........;.;  ^eeZs^ 


leat . .,. ......  1,026,725  bushels value    «1  OQR  7^^ 

'^-  — 2.202.335  barrels...  ^"''  iJSsI? 

f' ■ *■---  3,426,811  bushels.....  iffisS 

idian  meal     . .         .      203.622  barrels. .  622  fit^ 

"hergrain,  bread,  &c...                            622,866 

520.758 

'        ,      ,        ^''^ - *- 14,456,236 


T.5,  !^'^  "^T  .««nov  exporters  and  not 


SKur  Paris'  "'«^«»  Eur„p\  fto^d,e^„itedX:f  S 


^er  foreign  countries. 


rA 


i^.Hifidi'itiAA&M.'.Xi*  ■<    <JJ,„ 


*•:> 
;>;'i 


I 


s®-M 


.%rf.ifi".V 


?P3?!?Fi 


•  i'Tj  I 


'fir 


I 


S5 


I 


II 


It 


I 


2  Bfi'S-^  s. 


4 


II 


rf 


1 811 


CO 


[gs 


ot 


.§92 


CJ?. 


is-" 


8 


i 


.lie 


1-=^" 


|3S' 


Sot 


Si 


k 


SB 


8 


iSl^ 


6^1 


I 
I 


•     ■ 


» 
5 


I 


I 


CO  «• 


tm 


RS'S 

i 

ill 

S 

gf§ 

^" 

i-<  • 

e* 

§i 


153 


5? 


IP    I 


9$> 


S 


I 


T 

4 


'j^.^>'» 


Abttract 


conmnptim  of  foreign  grain  for  four  yeartyfrom  1847  to  1850. 

Quantity  in  qnaiien. 

.-  •  -  - 14,238,3ia  at  51».  9d. 

f?^^'- 26,031,823  ^t  31*.  6d. 


■or.                                       Quantity  in  qnartenr.  ^., 

)J!;^-  -  V-  -  - 14,238,3ia  at  51,.  9d.  stiff. . .  .$184  2&  17n 


Totals 39,276,136 

Yearly  average. . 


881,381,280 


^^ZlS:*-- 95,332.820 


^Mttract  of  grain  imported  for  five  years,  from  1846  to  1850. 


tiTi      ^  Quantity  in  qoarten. 

^°^t. 16,452,555  a 

fi^auM 27,485,078  at  33*. 


Other  trains. .;;.;;;  •  ■  i^i^i't  ?f  't  ^'^ «%  •  -  •^216:769,750 


Value. 
0,769 
225,251,885 


Totals 44,067,533 

Yearly  average,. _^13^6.^ 

TM..kiiUi^,^eJ,^r.nd  .H^e^j^f,^  Canada  i.  1S50  and 
1«61 — year  ending  Jahmryl. 


1850. 


aborted  to  and  tliroogh-     Flour,  barrel..  Wheat,  bud.el,.  Rout,  barreb; 


JBuffald.., 

Oswego .*.'*".'  J ' 

O^densburgh ...."" 
Lake  Chanoplain, .'..'. 

Total  exported  inland 
to  the  United  States 


19,244  I       66,001 

260,872     1,094,444 

32,999 

90,988  I      192,918 


404,103 


♦3!ontreal  and  Quebec*      280,618 

Total  exported ij^I^tZlI^ 


1,353,363 

88,465 


fcS'iif  ^""^  ^^  ^  *^  ^»'t^  States.! 
increase  m  sea  export,  from  Canada ' 


10,860 

259,87^ 

30,609 

11,94D 


313,284 
371,610 

684.894 

90,819 
90,992 


'at.biniu 


101,655 

670,202 

18,196 

626 


790,678 
161,812 

96l,99j 

562,696 
79^847 


I  ud  Quebec. 


t«.ff;*a^Sv5.**4"'  jo,  Mi^eSfrtV 


F  ■*-«?■. 


-'ffja^-.-r        ~i     WjjgJ"^ 


17  to  18^0. 

Vdn«. 
84,208,170 
97,129,110 

91»331,280 

)5,332,820 


t50. 

Value. 

0,769,750 

6,251,885 

8,021,635 

^204,375 


1850  and 


Bqck  1804 


\ 


Total  fuantuy  imparted  ujaO^  United  State,  Jram  Canada.*  for  the \ 

^•ng  Jun£  30, 1862.  »  yvrwi 


year 


rheat,  bushels .;....  ..870,889 value    «fifto«et 

'lour,  cwt AQRoni       value,  9609,681 

lye,  oats,  &C..&C...  * '       • 1.008,928 

■ 203,570 


Of  the  above,  there  was  exported  to^:j5^d, 
''heat,  bushels 437  615 

^our,  cwt, ; ; ;" ;  ;343',533*.".".'.*;;. 


viz: 


1,802,179 


.value,  $4^5,204 
924,079 


d^vi^f  ^"'^'^  ^^''^  ^"^""^^  ^^"^^  other  than  Can-    '' 


379,283 


[heat,  bushels ...'...  .24,25^  .   . 
ilour,  OWL .....  \. .. .  j[39,661 .... 


•value,  $23,132 
346,895 


-^ 


Total  J. 


370,027 
1,749,310 


ratal  domettic flour,  ^.,  exported/rom  the  United  States 

Amertcan  colonies. 


to  the  British  North 


fO  CANADA.     - 

'^heat. .....  208,130  bushels  ,        ^ 

^lour 51,176  barrels ''^"^'  $150,288 

'om 88,306  bushels  ." 191,750 

fergrain  .0. 39,15$ 

6,911 

388,107 


TO  OTHEB  BRITISH  N.  A.  COLONIES  OTHER  THAN  CJ^^^T"^ 

«  ^«a' 2«1,971  bushels  ....  „  ,       ^„„^ 

?^lo«r .*-  200,664  barrels       ^**"^'  $220,319 

I'^iws"'  ioi'i«9 bushels::::: ^^j?^i 

leaJ,  Indian.     57,273  barrels  ' ^^'^^^ 

leal  (rye)  and  other  erainsi      """ '.' 173,537 

® 172,18T 

ffr    ■  :  •"  .  1,577,629 

^^!^^t^i^^    "^v""'  -^-  of  the  ^;.;;i^ 


m 


mm-ij^ 


J^- 


o 


;\i 


i:t^^ 


f»ii 


'f*  V  *V 


.  Doc.   186. 

■^r  Cansida  East     The  oruon,  language,  and  other  distinctive  featttr«i' 
ojfthe  inhabitants  of  Lower  Canada,  make  their  affinities  with  the  tnoited' 
States  mtich  l€ss  than  those  of  the  Upper  Canadians.      Moreover,  the 
geo^aphical  {Ibsition  of  Upper  Canada  makes  New  York  a  more  con. 
.  vement,  while  it  is  at  the  same  time  a,  larger  and  more  secure,  market  a 
£)r  her  produce,  than  Montreal  or  Quebec.      The  various  lin^s  of  rail- 1 
wa3r,  leading  from  the  Atlantic  to  the  lakes,  give  to  the  inhabitants  off 
the  upper  province  facilities  of  communication  with  New  York,  durinrl 
a  part  of  the  year  when  access  to  Quebec  is  extremely  difficult.  f 

The  canal  tolls  levied  by  the  State  of  New  York  on  Canadian  pro! 
duce  passing  through  her  canals  toward  tide-water  amounted,  in  I861 
and  1851,  to  over  $1,000,000  j  and  property  from  tide-water  to  Canada 
through  the  same  channels,  probably  pays  half  as  much  more,  makin 
at  the  least,  |300,000  annually  corftributed  by  the  Canadian  trade 
the  New  York  canals. 

Imports  into  Canada  from  the  United  States,  giving  the  principal  articles 
^;  ^  values,  for  the  year  1861% 


Artiel^s. 


Tea 

Tobacco ^,_ 

Cotton  manufactures t:. 

Woollen  manufactures 

Hardware  manufactures 

Wooden  ware !!!!!! 

Machinery i.'. !!!!!!' 

Bo(^  and  shoes '. .'.'.'.'.'.'..'.W . 

Manufactures  of  leather .> . . .  ^ 

Hides  . : J . ! ! ! . ! " 

Tanned  leadier -'■•'.'•'.'.'.....'...... 

Oil,  not  palm, • ' 

P«^r..^ v.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'..'. ' 

Hice . fc !!!!!!!!!!!!!! 

Suffer ,.'. !!!!J!J." 

Mdaases 

Salt ."*.'.'*.'.*.*.*.'.'.".'.*.*.' 

Glass 

Coal * 

Furs '.*''.*.*.*.'.*.'!!.".'.'.*".".*.*.*'.* 

Manufactures  of  silk !!!!!!!!*! 

Manufactures  of  india  rubber' *  •  •  •  - 

Dye  stufis 

Coffee. 


Values. 


"Fruit; 


'.«■■■ I 


Fish 

Unenu^erateid , 


$893,S1^ 
403,86 
566,1$ 
439,36 
318,8^ 
63,7S 
85,76 
43,69 
47,38 
89,1[ 
126,S 
47,80 
82,99 
19,9j 
S78,4 
19,S 
79,81^ 
i8,8S 
38,6fi 
44,36i| 
80,76 
63,< 
1S,68 


rfh 


81,14 
4,780,2 


^<ti''  A- 


..■i(>.»|..«.''%™.- 


8,788,71 


iumber... 
Shingles. . . 
/attleofaU 
[orses. . . . 
^ool . . . .  i 
^heat . . . . 

•"lour 

Jarley  and 
ieans  and  p 

)at8 

Gutter 

jggs 

7nenumerat( 


As  can  be 
lutiable  and 

dutiable  imp 
rree  imports 


Amount  of 
If  per  ce^ 

The  active 
fnited  States 
Iward  and  oui 


Ame 

Mm 

1,2s 

13 

1,36 

'Tho  dlMKpaaojr 


.*•' "      -^  ■^"    »V)!^)^*-' 


'-h  .  I 


nctivefeatarei  , 
vith  the  United*! 

Moreover,  the 
rk  a  more  coq. 
jeeure,  market 
8  linos  of  rail- (^ 

inhabitants  q{  I 
/  York,  durio^l 
ifficult  I 

Canadian  pro-l 
mted,  in  185i 
er  to  Canada 


!Nx/  articles  an 


Yalnes. 


$893,21^ 

403,86 

665,1S 

439,26 

318,84 

63,7S 

8A,76 

4S,69 

47,38 

89,20 

126,23 

47,80 

82,99 

19,99 

278,^ 

19,S 

79,81i| 

18,82 

S8,6fi 

44,26 

80,76 

63,£ 

12,68 


^«fc  W:  i3k: 


^.w..^j^^^^^^ 


Articlet. 


81,14 
17,^ 
4,780,2 

I  8,788,71 


iomber [[" 

Jbingles. .\"  .....* 

Jattleof  all  kinds  and  sizes! 

iorsea...... 

'O0ll....i 

i^heat .  ... 

«,         

riour 

iarley  and  rye *.'!.*.' 

3eans  and  peas '.'.'..' 

)ats '.'.'.'.."' 

Jutter .....'  .".".*.'.'.' ' 

tggs '.'.'.'.','.'. 

iFnenumerated *."!  J  ' 


TUbM. 


965,992 
766,628 
20,732 
140,176 
186,848 
41,896 
491,760 

1,181,484 
76,^96 
41,588 
135,705 
38,004 
38,008 

1,70^,664 

4,929,084 

•9.118,768 
(ward  and  outwSdV^  ?       following  siatement  of  the  tonnag. 


American. 


Britiih. 


Ameriou. 


Britbh.        Inwanl. 


1.364,390  j    1.047.888      900,988  f  770.460      8,418.088" 


•  IV  ibcrep^cy  betweoa  thi.  «,  otl«r  «o«rt.  1.  «^ 


/ 


j,*«ji 


r 


ii  • 


Inward  and  putward. 

Steam— American ^ *J'?no'?Jo 

Briush ,.- 1,409,678  ^ 

$3,387,61^ 

Sail— American - 293,537 

British 408.400 

701,937 

Grand  total,  inward  and  outward ^ 4,089,456 

The  total  amount  imported  from  Canada'into  the  United  States  for  | 
the  three  years  ending  June,  1851,  is,  b^  commerce  and  navigation! 
report,  $11,166,342 — on  which  the  followmg  amount  of  duty  has  been| 
coUected,  as  wil  herewith  appear ; 

^fqtement  of  revenue  collected  in  the  different  districts  of  the  United  iSkatal 
bordering  on  Canada,  from  1849  to  1851  inclusive,  (three  years.) 


Diatricts. 


Yennont 

Chunplun 

Oawe^iteliie 

CmwlHiicent 

Swtett'i  Harbor.... 
Otwego  ....:....■- . 
G«iiflfiee 


Gross  revenue. 


Brie,  (Pretque  Isle). 

Ciqnlhogs. 

Sittdiuky 

Mhani 

Deteoit 

IfioUlimaokinao 

Chiea«9..-r 


$181,915  02 

133,326  68 

42, 842  41 

22,410  78 

16,603  54 

273, 173  92 

45,324  66 

44, 076  44 

148,740  03 

1, 155  26 

126,677  24 

34,018  44 

244  54 

47, 935  42 

1,797  42 

10,670  41 


Expenses  of 
collection. 


1,130,912  21 


f27,472 
22,965 
16,002 
14,222 
27,000 
38,210 
13,368 
21,277 
49,601 
31,924 
13,228 
5,927 
2,470 
32,868 
4,535 
10,360 


47 
22 
22 
58 
95 
43 
47 
69 
19 
35 
71 
49 
40 
22 
02 
73 


Net  revenue. 


$154,442  55 

•109,751  44 

36,840  19 

8,188  20 


1«34,947  50 

^31,722  66 

22,798  75 

||98, 886  78 


331,436  U 


113,448  53 
28,090  95 


15,067  20 
"jiM*75 


Excess  of 
expenses. 


$10, 397  41 


30,768  09 


2,826  86 
'«,'737"66' 


844,338  60 


46,189  96 


Mem. 


6 


1 

2 
3 
4 

6 
6 

7 
8 

'9* 
lO' 

ii' 

19 


b 

■w 
5 


*  After  deducting  $610  02— moiety  of  lalesinerehandiae  distributed  per  act  April  S,  '44,  s.  l| 

t     **  "  15  99 — duties  on  merdiandise  reibnded. 

H     "  "  833  53 — expenses  attending  pioaecutions.  \ 

J"  "  853  06— moiety  of  sales  mereiiandiae  distributed  per  aot  April  %,  '44,  s.}  | 

"  "  154  93— duties  on  merchandise  refunded. 


Total .  i 1 ,  267  63— deducted  from  net  revenue. 


KXOAPITDLATIOIt. 


,130,912  21  I  Wctreve 
331, 4;i6  14  T  Exoesa  of  ex'pmaea. 


790,476  07 


Add  amount  deducted. 


33fti 
46^189  Ml 

793,808  611 

1.967  al 

790,476  «| 


4,089,4S6 

1  States  for 

1  navigation 

ty  has  been 

Tnited  State* 

years.) 

Mem. 

lOf 

-^, 

lea. 

^ 

s 

T3 

(5 

5  : 

1 

>  ••■ 

s 

} 

■  •  «  • 

3 

•  ~  •  ■ 

4 

'  41 

•  •  •  ■ 

1 

5 

•  •  •  • 

6 

■  m  •• 

7 

>  «  >  ■ 

8 

»  09 

«  >  >  > 

2 

•  ■  ■  ■ 

9 

•  •  •  • 

19 

86 

•  •  •  ■ 

3 

•  •  •  ■ 

M 

60 

, 

.... 

19 

96 

i 

be  question  has  since  taken  a  wSfr  ?S^   It  ifn    '^  kT*^'  ^"* 

-n  arrangement  can  be  effected  ^d?arS^„/f  TT  ^^^^^^  ^^^^t 

between  the  United  States  and  th^c  JomTs  of  aU^^^^       t^  ^nten^hang^ 

^rhether  of  agriculture,  of  mineronhSest  or  J/.ff^^""^  ^^  ^^^^r* 

ponwith  an  aareempnt  f«r  tC  r  ^resi,  or  ot  the  sea,  in  connex- 

fence  and  ^jTuXeL^esi^^TT^^''''''  "^  *^^.  ™«  St.  W 
Subjects  to  the  sea  fisheries  ner^e  1-^"?^"'  i"^^*  ^«^  British 
.mission  of  the  expoi?  dutv  Wd  1  ^'  t  '^^  *^?^?"'««'  ^^  the  re. 
lumber  cutVitWShS  or  hfTT-f^To^"""^^^^    °"  t'n^ber  and 

.[iscussion  dSri^hrad^^lsL^n^JT^  "^Jf  ?  P^^'^^^ent  subject  of 
time  it  is  greatly  desiredT^SS,  ""^  -^""^  ^"'"^^  ^dams.  At  this 
^^l^^^^^ie^':^^^^^  States  bordermgonS^ 

Ihe  tree  navigation  of  iHp  fif  t^k  i.  , 
kecessary  by  the  provisions  of  ^  t^e^tv  !?  i;^"\?"^"^«^«d  absolutely 
be  of  great  adapiie  to  the  extenS^  I  Washmgton,  and  it  woulS 
kn  portion  o JOKion  The  rP^nl  Tu^"" '''*^"^«' ^ ^^^ northeast 
imfier  floatHj^th;  St  tJK  .k^"^^  ^""^"^  ^"^y  on  Ameri^ 
-tice  to  thelK^t  o?\ht^„,^Jtt  Z„"wf  '^  '^  ^  «^'^ 
^rej,.  a.d  who  have  strong  ^iS:^:?::.-^^^^^^:^^.  ' 

k^ffi%\;:^S:pTa^S^^^^  ?-«  -ported  to 

Kck,  «.d  a  larger  qu^tiVfrf  r?^'^  fiewf 'r  v"'"  NerBrun*. 

ape  Breton.    A  notice  of  these  coal  filll  f  n  l     ^"''^  ®^°^^  «°d 

brraofTrsct-.^— ^^^^^ 

li  S^re»:^^^^^^  -:3'cS:  s^^^^^r-  «^  ^^«  -^o- 
i  wSdtrZiSigin  h?s^r;s^^*'  *'^  ""^^^^r^^  ^««^  that 

.»Uy  call  its  attention  to  the  crScXLf7;^r^^^^  ^>*^  ^'^  "°t  eaJ: 
U  wluch.  owing  to  a  recent  S^Jatil  ^f  polonial  fishery  ques- 
teL^^  TT^^  ^"^'^'y  threater^^Sot."^  ""P^"^  ^^  ^'olonial 
I  Since  the  Fishery  Convention  ofisift  i*^      u-  i    , . 
fhalf  of  America7citizer?eru^Li  fo^,^^^^^^^  *hi.«  government,  on 
kee  marine  maes  of  the  seacon-t  «f  v      «  ^^""  "«^t  to  fish  within 
bd  Prince  Edwaril  faCl  mZ  of  ^L  ^^^'""7? "'^'  N°^*  ^^* 
kn  of  our  country  hTv^eT^^m  Jii  J^'^'^^  °"^  industrious  fisher- 
[Uing  (the  in^V^mcrofXchT^tu:  P"''""  -^^^  adventured 
kreg  of  thp«/:Xn^    in  a  ma.ui??„       over^sUmated)  n.«r  thn 


•'41 


:.  ly 


>  .)• 


fel^  J-li*  +  ^  ' 


.\'r 


i^^ 


■"•*'<.. 


Uoi,  to  which  the  necessities  arising  from  the  nature  of  tlieir  prntimi 

ffSSeraJ^yearft  past,  the  colonists  .have  constantly  urged  Ae  im- 
liivernment  to  station  an  armed  fofce  on  their  shores,  "to  pr^- 
tecti  tE^fisheries  from  the  unjustifiable  and  illegal  encroachments  of 
^  Wrican  fiSermen."  The  force  hidierto  provided  has  not  been  such 
.  SrSe  colonists  desired,  having  usually  been  hmited  to  three  or  (our 
resads.  under  the  command  heretofore  of  discreet  officers  of  the  Royfal 
Navy,  who  have  generally  exercised  the  powers  with  which  they  .were 
kivestedyith  liberal  discretion.  ..  ,       i,    -i    * 

Wirii  the  view  of  bringing  matters  to  a  crisis,  the  colonial  legisla- 
tures have  lately  renewed  their  appeals  to  the  imperii  government  for 
aid  to  drive  Americarf  fishermen  from  their  shores,  and  compel  them  to 
foUow  their  calling  in  places  where  fish  are  not  so  plentiful  or  so  easily 
OftUsht.  And  in  order  to  show  their  own  determinaUon,  the  provinces 
Of  Canada,  Ne^v  Brunswick,  and  Nova  Scotia  have  entered  in^p  an 
agreement  to  provide  a  certain  number  of  small  cruisers,  at  their  own 
^CTiense,  to  be  stationedf  at  various  places  agreed  upon,  to  assist  in 
^eflfecting  the  object  they  desire.  ^  -        ■,  r 

The  last  appeal  of  the  colomal  authorities  has  been  viewed  lavor- 
nHy  by  the  new  administration  of  Earl. l^erby.  A  change  has  taJten 
place  in  the  British  poUcy  with  refer^ce  to  this  fishery  question;. 
£d  a  circular  letter  has  been  sent  to  the  govembrs  of  the  several] 
colonies,  annduncing  that  her  Majesty's  government  has  resolved  to| 
send  a  small  rorce  of  armed  vessels  and  steamers  to  North  America,  toj 
protect  the  fisheries  against  foreign  a^ession.  The  colonial  govepi 
ntODts  have  fitted  out  six  cruisers,  fully  manned  and  armed,  whichj 
have  sailed  for  the  best  fishing  grounds,  and  there  is  itnminent  daligeij 
of  a  collision.  The  colonial  cruisers  threaten  to  make  prize  of  every  ves-l 
sel  "  fishing  or  preparing  to  fish,"  within  certain  limits,  which  the  col(J 
nial  authorities  contend  are  within  three  marine  miles  be^d  a  line! 
drown  from  headland  to  headland,  and  not  three  miles  froc^  the  shotn^ 
c£  the  coast,  which  our  citizens  contend  is  the  true  reac^ng  pf  the  c<f 
mention.  . 

Our  fishermen  generally  entertain  the  conviction  that  the  threffteneii! 
•^xclnsicm  by  the  British  and  colonial  governments  is  A  violatioul 
-of  lights,  accruing  ^to  them  under  the  laws  of  nations  applicable  tol 
tug  subject  and  to  that  region,  fortified  by  former  use,  till  it  has  welj 
nigh  created  a  right  by  prescription;  and  many  regard  such  threatendP 
«xclttsion  as  an  Uliberaf  and  uncalled  for  meiasuife  at  this  period,  doind 
tin  British  or  the  colonies  no  good,  while  it  injures  them  seriously.  I*! 
such  a  state  of  feeling  it  is  next  to  imiwssible  to  i)rovent  difficulties  an 
coUiAions  between  toem  and  the  British  authorities,  and  wrongs  niajl 
be  done  on  both  sides.  Every  dictate  of  prudence  and  of  wise  policyJ 
and  just  protection  to  our  citizens  against  an  uncalled  for  interfercnca 


Fed 


Impi  udeiil  Sttbofdinatea,  ttierefttfe,  imperiously  demands  4hat^  I 


x'ederal  government  should,  as  soon  as  practicable,  despatch  to  the. 
waters,  and  maintain  there,  a  respectable  naval  force,  under  comman 
of  discreet  officers.  It  may  be  here  not  inappropriately  obeervcJ 
flat  ships-of-war  bearing  the  AjODerican  flag  is  a  rare  spectack  in  ^' 


K" 


^v*  JiV 


..  l,f.^-'it''  ,  ,,«.v     _: '  isSll,tf|»|^B>^,' 


£.»*-, 


J^ormine;  whae  BritishW.d vessels  often  visit  our  coast,  and 

,iences  of  the  commercial  inter^ur.rhr  ^T'^'.^'^'^fym  A' 
Jhe  British  North  American  ^rranH^^^^  '^  ^"l"^  ^'^'^'  ^^ 
be  deemed  perfectly  corre^t;hti:^\::^'deri^^^^^^^^  -ay 

western  frontiers  of  the  Sed  Stlt^  tl  ^  "O'-theastern  ^d  north- 
trade  carried  on  witl,  the  nSh  •  ?'^'^  '^  ^^^  ^"  ^^tiv^  l^arter 
be  taken  by  theVubhc  officefs^^^^^^^  «/ which  noaccolint^ 

^rithin  bounds  to  estSmarthe  eX;  1"'  f  ^V  ?  V'  *^^^^^°^«  Pe^'fe^t^r 
British lyorth  American  coternoS^r'  °^*^^  ^"'*^^  States  to  t£ 
bf  doUars  annually.  ""^  """^  amountmg  to  eighteen  millions 

[rinciple     This  would  enabk  us  to  mature  anVf  T'"  ^^^  *^«^^ 
Wm  of  mutual  exchanges  bet^PPnTiTo-^  ^^'^^""^  a  complete 
Utinent;  an  achievemenfnot  o^v  w;,p  .  f T"'  ««<^ti«n^of  thi/vast  '^ 
If  our  high  dviliaation  ^  ^''^  ^^  advantageous,  but  worthy 

Vbh^V'S3,,5X'?&  ttTi  ™^^^«"^  Landerdale'-on  ^ 
[nsume  our  p/Lct^  anfmLtteSo^wlS^H^^^  ^f^^  -^-h  '; . 
N  and  the  employment  of  our  poor  denS  itt'  ^  ''^"^^  ^'^ 
hen  and  navig^l5on,  upon  which  ^LrSlu!,  "^^^^ncrease  ouf  seal.'  .    . 

Pith  such  commoditiesC  Je^so Wv  l^^^  *^^  'Vb  us 

PSg  us  the^meaL  "rm^rSnte^^^^^  number,  of  our  seameS' 
Lr  strength  as  ^nation.  S  sSes  us  S  T^  ^-  u T  "^^eriaUy  t<; 
Jes  we  absolutely  require  for  cCw?  '  ^5^  "^-'^^  ^^^^^  commili- 
fying  tl,e  necessWof  W  coLummfon'"'  A  .T i'"^"'  ^^  «»!' 
[finitely  more  thaii  it  brings  in  nnH  £  t  ^"^^^J.  «  carries  oJ 
fid  national  riches.  ^      '    ^  '"^  "^^^  vastJy  to'  our  in^iv^- 

The  und^sig^ed  has  the  honor  to  be  your  obedient  servant,! 

I.  D.  ANDREWS,  \ 
[Hon.  Thomas  Corwik, UnUed  Statet  C^n^ 


■?  '■fit 


Secretary,  of  the  Trtamry,  WaAingtm, 


■■^. 


1'  i*ii.' 


%■ 


f^ 


f*^  *s^  *"<^  ^f 


4^ 


J** 


iv  / 


■^•-     '. 


t 


#^^ 


T 


i.*c, 


Bay  of 
of  I 

In  connex 

between  our 

concemin, 

be  fishing  to 

[)f  Nova  Scot 

lie  shores  of 

ad  that  part 

It  is  suffici 

[ions  of  the 

fagdalen  isl 

lUstance  of  th 

It  has  been 

sinion  of  the 

liles  are  to  h 

[ays  or  incjien 

"1818,  our\ 

be  imperial  ^ 

l<Jn  of  the  coii 

lavs,  straits,  ( 

ailes  wide. 

But  even  th 

|pon  our  indui 

t  show. 

The  fishing 

be  bayof  Fu 

Bable  island;  ( 

Vilhin  the  Guli 

ptraits,  beyond 

"     vessefe^" 

Ice  herrings  a 

I  true  that  the 

Newfoundland 

pint  right  of  fi 

nd  at  the  Mag 


t  #J  W^i  i-'%4 


.   .  Jk^t^     ^  i  ** 


ite  3D^.  latii. 


!2^ 


/ ' 


PART  I. 


THE  DjEEP-SEA  FISHERIES 


iir 


'  ^/m^^"' jf°°/  ""."^  ^  ^™  «°>''«>  «•  (*e  Chmd  Bant 
»/  NatfouMMl,  and  uAhm  the  Gulf  „/  ^  LamZT 

We  of  three  marine  miles  C  the  £  '"  ^^  '"'"'  «  *« 

ile»  are  to  be  melsureTftl  heS^d  tTw  j'°^*  *?'  th^Aree 

U^.,  or  e.Zies.  ZZ^^^^^^^l^^^^^f^ 

Uinthe  GuVofslKencT  J&^""'^r'*'  «■'*  ^^^T-'here 
ftraits.  bgcgd  the  strtwalCfr        '' '°  ^  """^^  *"  """'° 

'^SSSel^SS^I,^^"''.^'^^^'^ 
,1  true  that  they  have  a  conc^S  riiw    ?^  t-  "^'  l'  ^'*"'*»-    » 

^«1he„a«dai«-iSLTr!tjfc^hro.t<Srat"^h"^^ 


•f'-lii 


s^ 


■J>ii 


1  -^    >' 


i,„<   iJt'.S.  Aie. 


e^6Li» 


wm' 


VkJkifi,  I3$i 


on  those^coasts  as  are  uninhabited,  for  the  purpose  of  curing  and  drW 
their  fishj  but  this  privilege  is  seldom,  if  ever,  exercised,  because  ip  is 
of  no  practical  value  to  our  fishermen.       ^      .      _         _  .  ^       _  . 

Those  portions  of  the  coasts  of  Nova  gcotia,  Cape  Bfeton,  Pnnce 
Edward  Island,  and  New  Brunswick,  on  ,^hic^  it  tvould  be  advan- 
tageous for  our  fishermen  to  laild  loi"  Rurposes  >^onnected  with  the 
fishery,  are  prohibited  by  reason  of  theirjB«|jl^ment  and  actual  occu- 
pation, while  they  axe  shut  ou^from  the  bfe^t  fishmg  grounds  by  reason 
Sf  the  convention  of  1818,  which  excludes  them  from  taking  fisli  withm 
tiiree  marine  mUcs  of  the  coast,  withm  which  chstance  tlie  best  fish  are 
often  found  in  greatest  abundance.  ..  ,     .,    . 

The  limits  claimed  by  the  Bntoh  authorities  under  that  convention, 
if  strictly  enforced,  would  cxcluJe,our  fishmg  ves^els^  from  the  bay  of 
Chaleur,  the  bay  of  Miramichi,  the  straits  of  Northumberland,  and 
George's  bay,  withm  which  the  greatest  quanUties  of  the  best  mack- 
^rel  are  now  takeii  annually.  n.'  i, 

If  an  arrangement  could  be  made  by  which  our  fisherman  would 
have  the  right  to  fish  within  three  miles  of  the  land,  wheresoever  they 
rieased,  on  the  shores  of  the  provinces,  and  also  the  right  to  land  on 
Sose  shores  ^ywhere— first  agreebg  with  the  owner  or  occupant  of 
the  soQ  for  the  use  of  the  necessary  ground  for  fishing  station&--it  would 
tend  greatly  to  increase  the  quaniity  of  fish  taken,  would  furnish  the 
market  with  a  w^l-cured  article,  enhance  the  profits  of  fishirig  voyages, 
and  lead  to  a  considerable  extension  .of  the  number  ot  vessels  and  men 

now  employed.  ,  /?  i_ 

The  codfish  caught  in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  by  our  fishermen,, 
are  pickle-salted  in  bulk,  on  board  the  vessels,  as  they  are  caught,  andi 
are  thus  brought  home  to  be  afterwards  dried  and  cured.    A  liberal! 
supply  of  salt  is  used,  in  which  the  fish  first  caught  lie  four  months,j 
and  ihe  last  caught,  one  month.     The  vitality,  so  to  speak,  of  the  meat- 
its  steength  and  flavor— is  quite  destroyed,    When  unladen  from  t^ 
vesselptte  fish  axe  found  to  be  of  a  dead,  ashy  color,  instead  of  t 
bright,  wholesome  hue  which  ^ood  fish  should  have;  and  so  brittle 
scarcely  to  bear  handling — with  hardly  any  smell  or  taste,  except  tha 
imparted  by  salt.    The  home  consumption  of  such  an  unpalatabfe 
article  is  gradually  diminishing,  while  the  inferiority  of  the  cure  deprive}! 
us  of  the  advantages  of  foreign  markets,  for  which  these  fish  are  wholly 
unsuited. 

The  mackerel  taken  in  the  gulf  by  our  fishermen  are  split,  salte 
and  dressed  while  the  vessel  is  under  way;  and  it  often  happens  tha 
a  fiill  fare  is  made  in  four  or  five  days,  when  these  fish  are  plentiiul 
|n  such  case  the  vessel,  being  fiiU,  must  leave  the  fishing  when  at  its 
best,  and  make  a  long  voyage  to  her  port  of  return,  in  the  norther 
States,  in  order  to  discharge ;  and  before  she  can  again  reach  the  grour 
Ae  chances  are  that  the  &h  have  disappeared,  or  that  the  season 
-pver. 


If  our  mackerel  fishers  could  remain  upMJ  Ae  fishing  ground  du.. 

the  whole  season — touching  at  some  convenient  station,  occasionally, 

land  the  fish  on  board,  and  thua keep  their  vessels  in  good  sailing  trir 

fivf  or  six  &res  could  be  made  in  each  season,  instead  of  the  .. 

^§Ktei  which  they  raf  ely  exceed  at  present.    The  right  of  fishing  vr'm 


W^i?**-/^^'' 


..e.i:^-:»^S 


UjlHi 


<j«^^-i.  ^^t 


r"rfiT!^^\°^^'  °^ ?\^^^  ^  ^^^  importaht;  as  regards  the  macl^ 

fvel  fishery ;  because  the  best  and  Attest  U  are  geneX  fordKS 

argest  schulh,  in  close  proximity  to  the  shores.  '^  ^ 

To  the  cod-fisher,  the  right  to  dry  and  cure  his  fish  on  shore  would 

so  be  .mnortant.     The  vessel  could  be  kept  in  better  tjim;  and  S 

i -f  1  ffn'^T  ^^^/^^tP'^"""^^  th,  fislb  would  be  move  perS 
iured,  and  fitter  for  food,  tl,an  under  the  present  mode  of  salSni^d 
>urmg.    A  superior  quality  of  this  description  of  fish  would  open  to^ 

om  wf  ii'  "^^^u  ""^  ^^^""^^'  ^"^  ^««  ««^^ral  foreign^  mtt 
^^om  which  our  fish  are  now  excluded,  by  reason  of  thci?  impSJ 

Immediately  after  the  disappearance  of  tlie  ice  in  the  Gulf  of  St. 
^awrence.  every  spring,  vast  quantities  of  herrings  Saw  near  Se 

»ate  m  thisfishery.  Because  they  are  unable  to  enter  the  inilf  so  earlv 

guld  land  and  set  upfishS^g  st^tions^^Zth?  Sf  Wil'^^^^^^^^^ 
k.  Lawrence,  they  might  send  home  the  season's  cltd,  bv  Liif 
[essels.  and  wmter  thefr  boats  and  part  of  their  vessels  tW?  iS^ 
kse  they  would  be  ready  to  paxticVe  in  Le^ytZLtC^ 
.e  moment  the  ice  left  tlie  shores;  and  having  prodLed  a^suffiS; 
?S&r^XcSn"''  also  be  funushe§  ^ithTnlVe  = 
nnrnLht^f  T^^"^^^^'^^*'^  ^  excellent.  As  the  hernLa 
pproach  the  shores  they  are  naturally  followed  by  the  corf  Sk 

luch^^r!^  ^'  "^"^  ^"'^  P^^^^^'  «^«'  ^d  therefore  witb 
Insteadifretuming  to  their  port  of  ownership  with  the  fares  of  b^r 

ir'!i  ^l  ^^ru."'""^^'  ^^  ^^"^«^«d  fit  for  anTmXt      The  vl 

ofiit^uSrr^'^S^'  ^^f"^^  ti^eTconst^SraSd 
CLch  othPr    S  P™»g^<^losey  the  several  fisheries,  as^thw 

e^nrlscriDdo;^,^^^^^^^^^      *^'  """^^  ?"«^°"'  «^^"""g  the  best  el  " 
[  every  aescnption,  m  the  largest  quantities.    By  leaving  snin*.  nfthl 

SerZ;  Tk/  ^  ^A^^'^'l^S  «^^»  considerably  longer^ 
Ufi£k^"&.„J^h^.0^''5:^^i,^^^^  '^^^  ^  th^  early  sprii  and  C 
.ng^Sfi  ""^  they  are  now  excluded  WX  exist^ 


«8el6  had  each  some  conyement  fisting  siation,  weU  shehe^^ 


'V 


I  - 


JlS.,"*4i,-.t>*j » 


'!  ' 


IBt.  Doe.  186^ 

wMch  they  could  resort  at  all  times,  and  where  the  crews  eould  be  ren- 
dered  useful  on  shore  during  the  continuance  of  bad  weather  at  set. 

Navigation  of  the  St.  Lawrence. 

Ih  connexion  with  the  right  td  land  and  cure  fish  on  the  shorM  of 
the  gulf,  the  free  navigation  of  the  river  St.  Lawrence  becomes  a  ihat- 
ter  of  much  importance.  ■,   ^,    .  , 

The  fish  caught  by  our  fishermen  m  the  gulf,  mstead  of  bemg  sent  by 
the  long  and  dangerous  voyage  around  Nova  Scotia,  in  order  to  reach 
some  port  in  the  Union  from  whence  to  be  sent  into  the  interior,  might, 
when  ready  for  market,  be  shipped  in  our  own  vessels  from  the  fishing 
istations  on  the  coast,  and  these  vessels  proceeding  up  the  St.  Law- 
lence,  might  reach  any  or  all  of  the  ports  or  places  on  the  great  lakes, 
where  a  supjply  of  sea-fish  is  highly  prized. 

The  numerous  and  constantly  increasing  body  of  consumers  in  the 
great  West,  even  to  its  remotest  extrenuty,  would  thus  be  fiimished 
with  good  fish  at  reasonable  rates,  caught  and  cured  by  our  qwn  hardy 
fishermen,  and  transported  in  our  own  vessels.  ^ 


French  Fisheries  at  Newfoundland. 


\ 


a 


The  recent  movements  in  France  with  regard  to  bounties  on  fish  i 
caught  arNewfouncUand,  and  exported  to  forei^  countries,  are  singu- 
larly  interesting  at  the  present  time,  because  it  will  be  found,  firom  Ivhai 
fdlows,  that  the  changes  which  take  place  during  the  present  year  in 
the  allowance  of  those  bounties  are  calculated  to  exercise  a  powerful 
f^Bfect  pif  the  deep-sea  fisheries  of  the  United  States.* 

Hereafter,  we  are  to  have  fish  caught  and  cured  by  citizens  of 
France,  Entering  our  markets  under  the  stimulus  of  an  extrayaga 
bouiily,  to  compete  with  the  fish  caught  and  cured  by  our  own  citizen 

This  altogether  new  and  unexpected  movement  on  the  part  of  Frana 
has  already  attracted  attention,  and  excited  much  interest  and  uneasi 
iiess  among  the  fishermen  of  the  eastern  States.    The  matter  at  prcsei 
stands  thus : 

The  law  of  France  which  granted  bounties  to  the  sea  fisheries  beinj 
about  to  expu-e,  the  prdect  of  a  new  law  was  submitted  to  the  Nationa 
Assembly  on  the  20th  December,  1850,  by  the  government.    An  abli 
report  on  these  fisheries  was  at  the  same  time  submitted,  which,  amoi 
other  things,  sets  forth,  that  the  bounties  paid  by  France  during  tl 
nine  j^ears  from  1841  to  1860  inclusive,  for  the  cod-finery  only,  hi 
amounted  to  the  mean  annual  average  of  3,900,000  francs;  the  numf 
of  men  employed  aimually  in  this  fishery  amounting  to  11,500  on 
Average.    The  annual  expense  to  the  nation  was  therefore  338  fr 
per  annutn  for  each  man.    France,  it  is  said,  thus  trains  up  able 


"iViailatioiu  of  recent  legisIodTA  document*  of  the  National  Anembly  of  France  arei 
JMoled  to  thit  report,aBd  to  theie  reference  b  made  for  fiill  particulars.  For  theae  and  otk 
.fBhtaUe  doenmenta  the  nndenigned  ia  indebted  to  Hoo.  Abbott  Lawrence,  miniiter  att 
i  of  St.  Jamea,  to  whom  hia  best  aoknowledgments  at«  Jostlf  doe,  and  ar(»i 


iV/^1 


tfe 


'f^-'.^fiy^  l^'  ,''-»<ppWf,»fi^^f^_,>i'  j 


'mmm^ 


mers  in  the 


4* 


,  seamen  for  her  nairy,  who  would  co8l  the  nation  much  mote  if 

were  trained  to  the  sea  on  board  vessels  of  war. 

committefe  of  the  National  Assembly  reported  at  length  upon  th« 

H»«ed  law,  and  the  state  of  the  de^serfisheries.  Xm^s  t^ 

aort.  ,t  appears  that  these  fisheries,  althJ^igh  enjoying  la^^  bountiS 

t^^f:^^'  yerelanguishmg,  owing  to  the  g^eat  lst^?e  aVwS 

ey  are  conducted,  and  a  farther  increase  of  Ixjunties  on  expoiWion 

.as.  recommended,  m  order  to  stimulate  their  drooping  enerries^  U^S 

pn  tne  ^2d  JiUy,  1861.    It  provides  that,  fi-om  the  first  5ay  of  Janu- 

St  of  fhp""^  fil  ^^'\*^,r."'  ^^^i-  ^^  *^"»^««  f°r  the  encour^ 
aentot  the  cod  fisheiy  shall  be  as  follows:        -  \^^ 

Bounties  to  the  Crew. 

.it  orNTlu^nSa^d^ftt^L:^^  ZiT^\  ""'  ^T  °"  ^^« 
lank,  60  fi-ancs.  «»•  I'lerre,  and  Miquelon,  or  on  the  Grand 

jcL^raouH^i^^^rfrt^s''^  fisheries  in^he  seas  surrounding 
lurdrTi^g.Tfrrc?^^'^  ^^^  cod  fishery  on  the  Grand  Bank, 
4^  For  each  man  employed  in  the  fishery  on  the  Dogger  Bank,  16 

Bounties  on  the  Products  0/ fhe  Fisheries, 

1.  Drie^  cod  of  French  catch,  exported  directly  fi-om  the  olace  wb^r*. 
be  same  ih  ^.aught,  or  from  the  w^ehouse  in  Fr^ce,  to7rench  cd^ 
fetnf  SS''^  °'  ^^^  °'*;'°  '^^  ^^^"<=h  establishments  on  ?he  we^ 

2S«r:S^^^^^  ^'  ^-"^  -^iq-,  (equal  to 

IrWrlT^K.'^  of  French  catch,  exported  either  direct  from  the  place 
C  ^&  th^rr^*^  ^'^^^'  *°  European  cotmtr^orS 
Smetrqul^e"^^^^^^^  ^^^^P^  «-^--  -^  Algeria,,!^ 

ImmW  ll'/  iT"^  '^^'"^'  "^^•^^'*  ^^^^^'  t«  Fccnch  colonies  in 
KfA  •      ^  ^^  *°  6-ansaUanUc  countries,  from  ports  in  Franc^ 

4  Drier^'^oT^"'^^  P'^'l"^*^  "^^^^  1«  fr^^«  A 

lo.t»,7      <;!^  I  ^^''^"''^  ^^*^^'  exported  direcj^om  the  place  whfere     " 

■1-  .^      -  X 


Bounty  on  Cotf  Livers. 


\ 


be  product  of  their  fishery,  per  quintal  metrique,  20  frlmcs. 

nlr!!i^!i^^/^^®  °^  bounties,  it  wiU  be  seen  aPthS^ 
ome  grounds  for  the  fears  entertained  by  the  fishermen  of  New  B^ 


m 


^h 


'■'I'm 


u 


m  Doc.   180. 


land,  that  the  dri^  cod  caught  ajid  cured  by  liie  Ffench  at  Newfound 
land  wUl  be  intipducfed  into  the  princip^  toarketsof  the  United  StMes, 
•urtth  the  advantage  of  a  bounty  very  dearly  equal  to  l^o  dollars  for 
each  American  quintal— a  sum  almost  ebual  to  what  our/fishermen  ob- 
tain  for  their  dried  fish  when  brought  td  market.  It  must  not  be  over- 
looked,  either,  that,  besides  this  excessive  bounty  on  fish  exported  to 
transatlantic  countries,  the  Freixch  fishefman  wiU  enjoy  also  the  bounty , 
of  fifty  fi-ancs  (almost  ten  dollars)  per  ijban  tor  each  of  the  crew,  a  fiu. 
ther  bounty  of  twenty  francs  per  quintal  metrique  on  tl^e  cod-oil  which  ^ 
he  lands  in  France ;  and  farther,  an  ahiiost  entire  remission  of  the  duties 

4H1  salt  used  at  Newfoundland.  /,,.,,.      .„ 

With  competition  at  hand  so  encouraged  and  sUmulated,  it  wdl  sooii^ 
be  necessary  to  give  our  fishermen  ev^ry  facility  and  advantage  for  purl 
suing  their  business  which  by  any/  possibility  can  be  procured,  for f 

them.  /  '  .  1 

3y  the  treaty  of  Paris  of  1824,  the  French  were  restored  to  the' 

fisheries  at  Newfoundland.    They  '^  a  short  time  took  jwssession  of  ihf 

west  coast  qnd  the  northeast  coast,  and,  under  the  high  stimuUis  itfforded 

by  tiieir  heavy  bounties,  they  nearfy  drove  the  British  fisherflaeii  off  of 

those  coasts,  and  competed  successfully  with  them  m  the  foapeign  mar 

k«ts  they  had  previously  suppliec 


f, '.;,.  ■ 


(. 


•^y^H  y:  ■■■'i  .- 


.-f 


■i^ 


'saS^*-     ,w-< 


li#'ij^j^4"a 


im^ikm^Mm 


PART  II. 


.:    i      i 

'  r'l 


THE  TRADE  OF  THE  LAKES. 


In  obedience  to  your  instnie 
Ibmitted  on  the  c<»idition,  histDj 
leree  of  the  great  lakes  of 
ad  vahie  of  their  in]p<M-ts, 
lacea  where  originated,  and  „> 
resent    enumeration  of  theii; 
rews,  whether  progressive  or  ,r 


the  following  detailed  report  it 

-ospectg  of  the  trade  and  com- 

"  character,  natnre,  quality, 

coast-wise  shipments,  iSe 

le  increase  «r  decrease;  the 

clearances,  tonnage,  and 

jsive  J  with  comparative  state- 


sir  free  navigation  and  the  transportation  of  eoods^tjE^S^f^  ^ 

^TT  T*P^««a,  under  wa^  pr^telT'ii^Sv  rt 

iiredj  the  character  for  productiveness,  whether  oSSSl'^ 

neral  weal^or  of  that  arising  from  fisheries  or  the  foS  of^e  cfr! 

Z^'lte""'  *^^1«^«^^'  P'^-P^cts,  a«d  present  condi^on  of  tte 

arbors,  hght-houses,  beacons,  pfers,  and  other  works  indispeMabfo  tn 

:ure  navigation;  and  lastly,  the  farther  wprks  of  CsSon   rS 

val  of  obstacles,  and  general  improvements  of  navi^S  rr^i^^^ 

the  development  an4  exploratioi^  to  the  fullest  extef  t  oT  IkLT^!!^ 

i?Sr"  ^'  ^Vi^We  waters,  sn^Z' Z'^^^^^Z^ 

It  has  been  difficult  to  obtaih  much- information  and  foU  detailerl^ 
ttements  on  some  ol  these  points,  owiW  it  is  beliei^^LVi,^  detailed 
proper  legal  requirementTand  VuthX  ^e  t  jtenSl  SS^ 
ITe  rf  Ihe'^r''  ««^*he  ^-'^t  of  means  (excSf  "^  ^S 
Tnf  tt^ffi  ?f '?  T^  °*^"^  °^  ftmishing  sue?  stat^erS  dS 

theu-  power,  and  many  of  the  citizens  ^.n^n^  §«nerai  mtormauon 


legal  nmv»ii.m  «r^~u     I    ^";"Pg™Q»^^annoLt)e  obtained 
l«R»B  services.    And,  wtth  resjxKt  to  federal  officers.  j*«««rf^ 


tSA:, 


^i^ 


49 


Hi;  iDoOi  180^' 


should  be  enforced  by  leeal  enactments.  The  organization  of  a  sta- 
tistical office,  the  duties  of  which  should  include  the  decennial  census 
as  a  permanent  bureau  attached  to  the  proper  department  at  Wafihingl 
ton,  to  which  full  information  and  data  from  all  the  departments  and 
offices  at  the  seat  of  government  and  throughout  the  Union,  and  from 
all  our  officers  abroad,  should  be  rendered.;  and  which  could  obtain 
like  information  from  the  State  governments  and  other  trustworthy 
sources,  and  from  foreign  governments  likewise,  might  prove  eminently 

•  Properly  establish^-  attid  conducted  by  intelligent,  accurate,  indus- 
*1nous  ^rsbns,  it  might  easily,  collect  quarterly  all  the  requisite  data  of 
our  trade  and  commerce  with,  foreign  countries,  of  our  internal  trade 
and  commerce,  of  our  intenjjd  improvements  and  internal  transporta- 
tion, of  our  growing  resm»r€es  in  every  <iuarter,  and  of  our  coastwise 
trade.  And  aJl  statjgfa(«&l  data  that  might  be  wanted,  could  be  advan- 
tageously publislj^  m  advance  of  every  session  of  Congress.  That 
such  mformatij^  would  be  invaluable  to  the  statesmen  of  this  country 
who  seek  to^gislate  upon  national  principles,  no  one  can  deny.  That 
vigilaut  d«!fector,  the  pubhc  press,  would  then  be  enabled  to  expose 
errors  or  fallacies  m  time  to  prevent  thefr  causing  inconvenience. 

Other  governments,  less  hberal  than  ours,  seek  such  information  to 
enable  them  to  find  new  objects  for  taxation:  it  would  be  especially 
important  to  ours  as  enabling  it  to  abolish  indirect  or  direct  res&iotions 
and  burdens  upon  the  advancement  of  every  branch  of  industry,  as  it 
might  then  do  without  danger  of  mistake  as  to  the  facts.  The  para- 
mount duty  of  this  government  is  to  reheve  the  people  from  afi  un- 
necessary taxa.twn,  and  this  measure  would  tend  to  further  such  obiect 
Congress  would  not  then,  as  is  now  too  often  the  case,  be  compelled  to 
legislate  on  such  subjects  in  the  dark,  by  conjecture,  or,  what  is  infi- 
nitely worse,  upon  the  false  data  and  incorrect  and  deceptive  statistics 
turmshed  by  mterested  persons. 

Notwithstanding  the  difficulties  now  existing,  it  is  believed  that  an 
approxmiation,  sufficiently  near  the  reaUties  §"  the  case  to  Snv^ 
an  adequate  understandmg  of  the  subject,  has  been  attained  in  the 
loUowing  pages  ;  and  that  the^g-esults:  as  shown,  will  jbe  alike  gratify- 
mg  to  the  enhghtened  and  patriotic  statesman,  as  displaying  the  im- 
mense development  and  ii»alculable  prospects  of  the  resources  of  hi 
country,  and  ^tonishmg  to  the  casual  observer,  who  has,'  it  is  pXble 
never  rcffardftd  tht>  lot^  *,„j„  „r  ^i._  Tir    .     '    .,        .  '.         i^^wmuic, 


^^ver  regarded  the  lalfe  ir^l  ITtiTewZr^rZ^^U^^^^^ 

rZr^/''rT-"'f^^.°^'**'^'"'^"^^  ^d  comparison,  as  well  as  from 
re^d  to  historical  and  geographical  propriet^.  the  matter  coUec^ 
on  this  subjedihas  been  thus  divided  a!id  arraiiged :  «>"ected 

UntiJ!"^'^^'  ^f  "^'^  '^^  ^f  ^^^'  «f  ««ch  of  the  lake  districts  of  col- 


j-fiL '^^^^'^^  fii^^^tiBnong  tlie  1m  conffiied.  and  thence 
proceediffi;  westward  to  thl,  head  of  iTake  Superior.  ^ 

lo  each  of  these  districts  is  attached  a  synopsis  of  such  commercial 
and  custom-house  stati^tk:,  as  were  attainSe,  ^id  fS  to ^^0^ 


point;  also,  a 

and  back  cou 

reference  to  th 

To  enter  in  1 

admitted  as  it. 

and  extensive  ( 

little  appears  t 

lation  to  our  o 

and  prosperity , 

past  history,  nj 

social,  and  politi 

impertinent. 

in  the  first  ph 

legislators  at  the 
commerce  has  / 
and  to  threaten  i 
a  percejptioii  of  t 
and  inland  navigi 
the  public  to  effec 

[enterprise  of  indi^ 
influence  of  the 
It  appears,   more 
that,  because  our 
anii^riease  under 
made  no  greater  o 
of  govermnent ;  ai 
has  so  succeeded. 
To  these  propos 
,    First  ThattLj 
feets  the  surplus  pr 

ports  from  the  sam, 

That  this  mariti 

[opulent  commercial 

'"m?^  construction 

1  hat  without  a  s 

lerce  would  be  car 

^ould  be  injurious  r 

Ihat,  for  the  pres 

lUst  be  of  raw  mate 

le  fisheries,  and  the 

inat  even  when  tl 
•rt  shall  be  more  laj 

«  raw  produce,  the  r 
large  commercial  citi( 

1' supplying  material 
'"""g  population. 

pttfoftTioseSrtia 
'3  foreign  ribf  used  as 

ft  borne  for  homg  use, 


W.' 


i,.Sk;. 


.  Mi  Boc,   196^ 

^  SS^^ba^l^^fS^^^^^  with  their  trad 

^  reference  to  the  whole^f  t^  ^  *V^^'^'  detailed  stetSaJ  Sl/'^^ 
To  enter  in  ttrpliee  on  ^  S'  ^^  ^^^^'^^«-«  basS  "^'"^  '^^'"*  «* 

legislators  at  tK5.t  ttfS^  ^elf-gratulation  of  the  people  and  tU  ' 

influence  of   he  wf '^"T"""^^«  5  ^d.  lasV^^^  ""T"  ^^ 

Jit  appears    mnJ  °"  ^'^^  former  branch  nf      .•^'■f^"*^e»-atJng 

thatTeZ';err:;>,4«e''^^  ^^^  -SflslrTo^^^^^^^ 
Ian  inpr^ase  under  ^frp^^^,  commerce  has  expeZncJ  J       "^^^^^^ 

/made  no  greater  or /Sf'^""^  «««^«what  untowJid    it     "^JJ^u"^ 
|of  gbveri^enfnnJ  F«gress  if  liberX  S  '  ? /^«"W  have 

J    Fu-st  That  tte  maritime  ^^'*P^^d'b"'e%: 

Verce  would  be  caS^^  ^^  Pf *^"cc  for  exportadoT.rr^'^.^- 
nust  be  of  raw  LZ^h        P^'^pon^erance  of  our  fnr.; 

^  ^  ""^  ^*"®«n  raw  matei-ial  or 


./. 


.» 


t 


■i'.*' 


*..,.w 


■ft'Sil-.I* 


iaaimfiwtme,  and  tends  thereby  so  fiir  to  change  the  balance  of  tr»d«  in 

It  JJwintended  by  some  political  economists,  that  of  nations  engaged 
in  commercial  pursuits,  the  largest  exporters  and  the  smallest  mi- 
porters  must  be  Sie  gainers,  since  a  large  excess  of  importation  must 
cauae  a  drain  of  the  precious  metals  to  pay  for  such  excess.  It  does 
not  follow  that  if  this  be  true  as  to  foreign  or  maritime  commerce,  it  j 
is  equally  so  as  to  inland  or  interior  trade. 

Bie  former  cannot  exist  but  by  means  of  the  latter ;  the  latter  may 
•iist,  and  in  some  sort  flourish,  without  the  aid  of  the  former.  , 

Aiain,  for  articles  of  bulk  and  weight,  no  means  of  transportation  I 
cpn  Compete  with  water  carriage,  especially  for  great  distances.  It  is  ^ 
flie  best  and  the  cheapest.  .  ,     .      j        •.•  •    *•         ji 

This  then  is  the  position  of  our  mland  and  mantune  navigation  audi 
commie:  the  former  is  the  feeder  of  the  latter,  the  sourceof  itsl 
&rea.ineB8i  for  at  such  a  vast  distance  do  our  granaries  and  storehouses! 
^agricultural  and  mineral  wealth  he  from  our  marts  and  workshops, p 
that  but  for  the  network  of  lakes,  rivers,  and  artificial  improvements , 
with  which  our  country  is  so  wonderfully  mtersected,  they  could  never  ^ 
be  rendered  available  for  exportation,  of  hoipe  consumption  on  the  sea-^ 
board,  and  in  the  old  and  thickly  settlecTdistricte. 

These  considerations  show  the  interest  which  the  external  or  mari-j 
time  commerce  has  in  the ,  advancement  of  the  lake  trade  and  naviga-i 
tion;  ancl  establish  that  the  maritime  commercial  commumties,  andthej 
commonwealth,  should,  as  a  matter  of  justice  and  duty,  as  well  as  ofl 
expediency,  aid  liberally  aU  improvements  whidi  may  faciUtate  thef 
prosecution  of  business,  the  cultivation  and  exploitation,  and  yet  moref 
Uie  transportation,  of  that  produce  which  is  necessary  to  the  existence! 
>  df  the  one,  and  the  well-being  of  the  other.  The  lake  trade  is  obligedl 
tb  efffect  much  more  by  its  own  means  than  the  foreign,  and  it  had 
infinitely  less  means  whereby  to  effect  it.  .      l    v     ,  I 

It  is  well  known  that  this  inland  or  lake  trade  is  in  the  handil 
of  new  States,  peopled,  for  the  most  part,  by  emigrants,  whcwe  chief! 
possession  is  their  industiy,  swelling  the  coffers  of  the  older  aiidj 
wealthier  communities.  The  latter  now  virtually  demand  that  these] 
infant  States  «iall  not  only  produce,  but  transport  produce,  and  clea 
tlie  way  for  that  trsmsportation,  for  their  benefit,  at  their  own  expens* 
Hence  the  expediency  and  justice  of  lending,  under  these  circunastance 
federal  aid  to  the  new  States,  so  far  as  removing  pr  surmounting  sue 
obstacles  in  fVee  channels  of  trade  open  to  all  or  any  States,  as  arel 
oflfered  by  the  flats  of  the  Lake  St.  Clair,  the  rocks  and  shoals  of  Ls' 
George,  ot  the  Sault  St.  Mnrie,  is,  it  is  considered,  incontestable. 
'  The  details  pf  the  diafricts,^  and  the  general  synopsis  of  the  lakal 
,  and  lake  country,  will  undoubtedly  suffice  to  establish  the  facts  anit| 
show  the,  realities  of  the  vast  extent  of  the  existing  trade,  its  pasf 
"  rgigantic  future.   -Btttrtt-  .^in^^,^^^  ..+  i*o  njinm-ni 


tiircs  may  be  useful  for  the  concentration  of  ideas  and  ready  percop 
tidn  of  rcstllts.  v.; 

The  coast  line  embraced  in  this  repprt  includes  botli  sliorea  of  Lak 
'Champlain,  with  which  it  commences  (discharging  its  waters  into  the  Sd 
Lawrence  by  the  Sorel  or  Richelieu  river,)  the  southern  bank  of  the  river 


M.  . 


,■.■-''■■  ■      ■        .-    "    '  ...      \ 

■  iii    ■    ■  '        .      -  \ 

f  ^  .5'*^?"°^  ^^®  Oqtario,  the  Niagara  river  anH  T  «lr^  V^^  ♦  n 
dividing  line  between  New  York  and  PennsvJv^  vi;  *?"®'  ^  *« 
coast  of  Laie  Erie  to  the  PeM^lvSS^^;*^?*^^  ^f  "^^^^^ 
southwestern  coast  of  the  samA  iS«  ♦^u  -^.9^®  ^®J  ^ence  the 
the  whole  southern  tt  ^fTe  feok  ri^ef  Sfe^,%  '^.%'^- 
,  the  western  codst  of  Lake  Huron  «]ZTfhZ  'S  P^^.^^  ^^  "ver, 
gan,  the  whole  c(msts  of  L^rjlfc 

1  Sois,  Ohio,  WiscoS.  a^d^^bX^^      Si  Si"^  ■'?.^  ^''^^  «^  "^- 
westem  coast  line  of  Like  St  rST'^iT    •  *e  southerS^and  south, 

Superior,  incluXfftKorLnf?;K^^  "^L^^^"-  ^^'«'  ««d  Lake 
M^esota,  to  tRonLrofJhf  r^^^  ^'"^^^'  Wisconsin,  and 
Rainy  lak;  and  Lake  ofthfwt^"''^^^  ^*  t^«  *>"tlet  of 

The  ixtent  ^the^  ^^JTX  ^^^^«"/  I'^J'e  Superior, 
and  embraces  portionf  of  thf?.>?*^^*^°"'^^  °^«^  "»  kngth, 
wealthiest  of  t^Se  Unfon-  V  '"^  ^T'ht^''^''^  of  them Te 
Ohio,  Michigan,  InSa,  feVw^^L^'^^^'t^^^^ 
tory,  on  the  One  side;  while  th°  akes on^i^  '  ^^  ^®  Minnesota  Terri- 
a  coast  line  of  nearly  eqnal^T^^^^^  """^ '''''^T^  «»  ^^  other 
fertility,  on  the  CmldiTs^\tell!^T^'^  ""^^^^  ^^^ 
tistics  of  measurement,  ar^ribllows.  ^^^^^^ves,  with  their  sta- 


SpmnmUts. 

32,000 

22,000 

20,400 

9,600 

6,800 


90,000 

■ -^  '  I  I 

Lawrence,  which  TrenS  navii'tf^Ti^^^  *«  ^^^ 
&  vessels  not  exceeding  m  f^SeL  a^T  ^"^"^^  ^*»^°™d  l» 
ind  the  free  navigationbf  whthfl  a       •  ^?®'  *"*^  ^^  ^eet  dniiukL 

[adian  government.  <^«nc«wwn  of  reciprocity  of  trade  to  the  C*. 


TOove 


»regite  marineTbuUt^'^^  Zk^^  "^^  ^  '^^  ««^^ 
o.t  a  pathless  wildernes?  ofm  o^  ^  ""^"l^'^J  ^  ^^  ^^  ^n  al- 
dng  testate  that  SiS A  J^^^^^      ?"'  *'"'***'°-    It  may  be  ioterw 

Se.  Pennsyl^S^  t  im  br.h?"°"'^  °"  ^^"  ^™  ^'»»  t>S^ 
e example wi n(Hfollow^  '    "*  *^^  ""^  ^^^  ^°  afterwitfa,  and 


'.if' .  '^ 


-.'IH'^ 


"  * 


I 't 


it.' '  1 1 


.    »      u     «^w^  *iwS.iM  he  her^  mentiohed  in  reetord  Xo  this  vast  aug- 

j^tation  of  "^«T;^£,^^Sy  ,epr3^^  by  the  increaBe  of  tonnaie; 
bosmess  is  most  "^^f?"*^^^^.^  vessels,  their  speed  whfle  under 

|&«^,by  themcreased^capa^cibesotth^^^^  the  substitution  of 

grater  by  ten-fold.        _  worthy  of  notice  that,  in  1839,  the 

To  ilkstrate  ^^^P°^^^"' ^*  theseE  had  an  average  of  449  tons 
^T'K^^tT^^^o'm^^^^  ^  1851  the  aW  ofAe 
burden,  the  »ar«^^^.^TSfe  short  of  1,000  tons,  and  the  average  of  the 
"VT^fj^r^S^^nS^Tinl  steamers  ^d  propellers,  Iras  437 
whde-steam  flej^^^^^^^  ^^.^^^  ^       ^^^3  ^owedto  afirst- 

^fd^o^y^^em^^xed  by  firsf^ate  steamers,  and  four  to  five 

*^JC^faS  show  that  four  times  as  much  business  is  transacted  in 
iJlXtSaS^rs,  i  was  effected  by  the  same  number  m  184  . 
^  suteition  of  steam  for  sail  in  the  same  period  ha&,  it  is  evident 
^STyXeater  increase  in  the  speed  of  transit  and  celerity  o 
^MpmJntj^d  this  substitution  is  hourly  on  the  mc^ase;  ^^^^ 
•     of  Which,  of  7.000  tons  of  shipping  now  on  the  stocks  at  Bu^o,  250| 

^v^ne  bri(e-are  sail;  all  the  remainder  steam  or  propeller. 
^^SlaSSl^ecies  of  vessels  the  increase  is  so  great  andspregj 
'\d^£^%(Ey  are  they  growing  into  favor,  that  there  c^bj 
mi  doubt  that  they  are  destined  ultimately  to  supersede  ^ssds  m 
Hed  by  sail  only,  especially  for  voyages  of  moderate  lengt^  and  , 
S^^Xe  ik  is^uniant  and  easily  to  be  pw^ured.    In  no  r 
SoTof  the  glSbe  are  these  two  conditions,  on  wbcb  re|«  the  avaJ^ 
^  of  flc^-steamers,  more  perfectly  comjhed  With  than  on  1 
lak^.  where  the  longest  voyages  do  not  exceed  three  weeks,  at  an  ei, 
treme  calculation,  and  where  Bituminous  coal  of  a  veij  fin^^^^y  *»• 
b^*  procured  at  an  average  price  of  three  flollars  and  a  half  per  to 
and  at  many  points  at  two  and  a  hall  on  the  docks.       '      ,     „ 
^The  foUowing  table,  taken  from  a  very  valuable  report  by  Messi 
IfMufield  and  Gallagher,  of  the'staustics  and  steam  naanne  ot  the  Unitu 
States  for  18«1,  will  show  the  comparative  force  of  rtie  steamers  enj 
ployed  in  the  oceanic  and  the  lake  trade,  andwill  athibit  a  resiilt  siil 
Sciently  surprising  to  readers  unacquainted  with  the  business  ot  them 
tenor. 


:i.K*'ii*^-?;vr'vi 


•*        ,v      \ 


iJkm  mi. 


5M' 


3eait  steamers,  (coast) 

rdinaijr  steamers    " 
[Propellp^  .  ((  *  *  ■ 

steam  feitV  boats     "      '.'.','.''. 
Total  coasts 


96 

382 

67 

80 


Jrdinait  steamers,  (lake  and  river) 
ropellers  «  «,   < 

Steam  ferry  boatd  «  « 

Tptel  l^eand  rjyer 


91,476 
90,738  ' 
12,245 
18,041 


6,»^ 


)team  marine,  coast. 
"      inland. 


Total. 


« 


212,600 
204,726 


1,390 


11,77& 
17,607 


excess  of  lake  and  river . . :  i 1406 


The  diaWbution  of  «ea„ers  in  U.e  ba,i„  .f  the  lake,  is  „  fottn«,    ^ 

District  of  Burlington -'    * 

Plattflburgh !.".'".' ^\ 

V                 OgdensburgK '.*.". ? 

Sackett's  Harbor. *.!.*'.* *"  J"  . 

4a        .       Oswego '..'" Q 

•     Rochester.,,//^"  ly.."* \ 

Niagafa...%«r>\ '"' '  ? 

.'    Buffalo ..*.!.";; J 

Presque  Isle #." *^ 

Cleveland |^* " ' , ; 

Sandusky...         "W-- ^ 

.Toledo.: '.; ^ ••••  fl& 

Detroit .*;; ;;■•••    jf 

Michiliniackinac v  -  '^  -  • .  -  47 

Chict^ ..'.''* 


The  number  on  each  lake 


13 
4 


TJhamplAin 

Ontario 

Erie 

Straits 


17 

17 

114 


Michigii".; ; ;  ..**.. ";^.''. '..'.".".;  .7 ^* 


.1 


. .  fc'  i 


«• 


Doc 


180. 


--  The  efc  numberaf  ve^ls  and  creW^ 
to  140  bottoms,  and  #37  men.  in  ejcessof  the 
n#y,  though  p  tor^e  employed  m  the  latte 

**^  is  for  this  wealth!  eommer^  °^*^,^'f 

c^ltre  nW  striving^ in, earne*  ^^ff'P^*"'.^/ 

oSs  and  avenues,  It^it^  txanmdm;  an»i8 


outlets  ana  avenues,  lut. ^fsp  "-—"TWii^ 
iopd  eviifence  that  all  % JaateJ^  M 
are,  insometsort,  morei»*^*s8  affejt^ 


tount 


TheerflBit  system  bf  exchange  bietj^i 
'  Sa^^Sh/^pireWestjBtransato 

\vnh them;  an" '^^ ^  "°^ 
popul»i<}ij  in  the  A^i 
•    reiPept  even  pace 


J  mi«*i"o  r'ff^  competition  is^| 
[ewiiijljllted  and  middle  States  J 

ly  it.  5'  ^ 

•     ■  ■  ^  brthe  (tmmez. 

i^e  l^Ues^; 

iStii^  -' 
Jt^te^pd 


ofpopi^cUion  and  tonnage 


1,009,823 

1,833,315 

l,«ll,89t 

1,«69,808: 

1,954,717 

2,234,«» 

8,«»,lfl6 


.22.1 
19.3 
i2.8 
17.7 
14,3 
2|.CT 


,958,632 
1,401,070 
2,014,695 
2,699,84& 
3,587,664 
4,526,260 
6,893,735 


Npne. 

9$  324 

792,719 

1,470,018 

2,967,840 

4,721,430 


B 

1 

3 

^ 

"s, 

JQ 

■v> 

?     ^ 

o 

H 

u 

g     ^ 

p^ 

H  1 

Nout 

-•••  --gi- 

•  •  •  >  •  ... 

442.04 

191.09 

3,5i 

^88.43 

20,01 

101.89 

75,01 

59.08 

215, 7i 

■V 


X 


M 


'     .'I 


n\ 


H.1)6c:  13d, 


5f 


00 

1 

g 

Urn 

O   ■ 

s 

"§! 

y 

o 

c 

Pi 

( 

fi 

^ 

Nov 

•  •-•«*- 

42.04 

91.09 

3,,-* 

86.43 

20> 

01.89 

75,011 

69.08 

215,7! 

Li  thk«cheme  it  must  be  observed  that  the  six  NewEwrland  Rtnt., 
TheMiddleStates,  NewYork  New  W;,P^  ol?!  D       :i,      • 

BcMon  teMiete  that  tHT^.       ^^''''"'."OO.o'. souls;  andthere  is  every 

ake  countiT  shajl  be  seen  sortn^rrii^t         ■    •  'w«nn«tli  <.entury,  this 

,regate  tonnage  of  that  marinp  ^hinhul  *^^°®'  *"<^  t^e  bj?- 

reis,  from  nothing  to  two  EL^^hi  ^^  ,^P™°g  "P?  "^  less  than  forty 
,  It  is  stated  thatll^^  entire^nnn?o7^'^*°"?"°^^ 
Ut,.  for  the  benefit^fXws  aLd  SS""- °^ 
k  has  been  «17a99,2S;if  whSfonlyS^^^  first^organiza- 

^e  lakes,  the  balance  beini  aU  for  LZS  '  ?  "^T  -^^^^'^^  ^ 
hat,  too,  in  face  of  the  fa^  tVt  inTr.^""  ""T'  ^^  "vers;  and 
fie  disadvantages,  in^f^^^nf e?„Sn  ^^^^^^^^  ? V^"^^^  "'^^^oi'^a^ 
ors,  there  is  ^eater  proSortion  J  lnT^?rr  ^^  l^^  ^^^^^^^  ^^^  ^ar- 
[.e  ocean- itsefand  alf ksSuf^r  seL^  '"  *^''-  ^^'^'^  ^^  <>»» 
i^S^ot^r^^^^^^^  life  bv  marine 

le,  but  which  becoz^e  faflTe  deifil  "l"""'-"^^^^  mostlamenta- 
^  a  smalt  outlay  the  navtadTconfi  h!  T^^^  '^  ''  considered  that 
',  that  of  any  okr  waS  ^erendered  as  safe,  at  the  least, 

Jth^tetkTart^;^^^^^^^^^^  found  in*  the  fact., 

iolent  as  those  of  the  oce^  tl^  t^  '  ^^t  ^^  tempests,  as 
[low  of  a  vessel  scuSmSk^w  I  "''^^"ffi^ent  sea  room  to 
ly  duration,  8h|yffl£,o^^ll^^  »f  the  gale  were  df 

which  8h<>  nim  kT^^T  "7*^<3i^Pn6  end  to  the  other  of  the  lak« 
wmcn  sne  migtit  be  oauirht.  ^d  M^^/>iif  fi.«„i.      i        i  laice, 

i^^er.    In#e^amier.thfbteShh^^^^^ 

^utive,E  so  mucfrb^et  w^h  7 
,iat  a  vessercannorw  iS t  in  .1^^'*^'  '^f\^  '"4  ^^ncC 
dious  drift  which  is  eXlSbj;  ?n  T^T''''^  '^^^  '^^^^  ^^  ^ 
Pe  following  tabLwiS  Si  tht^^hf  fr  ""^T  ^"  destnietion.      ^ 

lough  to  plead  trumnpt-tnnmT«^\,  vu^  "  "®  ^"'^^y  disaattpus  '^ 

ke  mean?  of  iS^tTrtXH  to^S^ 

us  seas  of  the  ig^rJgL/    Protection  to  the  fenv^a^rs  of|ho8%peri£ 


*/> 


>£ 


Mf'-' 


m 


SL  Doe.  i8e; 


(''^^-        Yean. 


1848 

1849. 

18601..- 

1861. ..J. t..... 

'  .J 
Total  of  four  years 


Property. 


$420,61g 
368,171 
668,826 
730,637 


2,078,046 


U9t», 


66 

34 

396 

m 


663 


The  excess  of  lives  lost  in  1860  was  occasioned  by  the  explosion  of  | 
the  boilers  on  board  two  steamers,  and  the  burning  of  the  third,  which " 
had  on  board  a  large  number  of  emigrants;  this  may  be  therefore; 
in  some  degree  deemed  accidental  and  extraordinary,,  p^  8uchcatas-| 
\  tit^hes  are  of  rare  Occurrence  on  the  lakes.  The  great  preponderance,  • 
however,  of  the  year  1861  over  those  of.  1848  and  1849,  has  no  such; 
palliation,  since  they  were  the  effect  of  heavy  gales,  the  absence  of  J 
harbors  necessary  for  the  protection  of  mariners,  and  the  obstruction  of  ^ 
the  mouths  of  such,  as  do  exist,  by  bars,  on  which  a  terrible  surf  bteaks,  f 
and  which  entirely  preclude  the  possibility  of  entering  the  place  to  which  \ 
theyjiave  in  vain  fled  for  refuge.  It  is  of  little  benefit  to  the  mariner  | 
•that  the  government  has  expended  comparatively  inconsiderable  amount) 
m  the  erection  of  piers  and  light-houses  at  the  entrance  of  a  few  bdr-| 
mouthed  rivers  and  harbors. 

The  total  of  the  losses  on  the  Atlantic,  G*lf  of  Mexico,  and  Pacific  j 
coasts,  in  the  year  1861,  amoimted  to  328  vessels,  aiul^  many  hundred  | 
lives,  out  of  a  total  marine  measuring  3,666,464  tons,j^eing  a  loss  off 
one  vessel  to  fevery  10,844  tons  of  shipping.  I 

The  late  losses  of  the  same  year  were  42  vessels,  and  79  hves,  outi 
of  a  marine  measuring  216,976  tons,  being  a  loss  of  one  vessel  to  everyf 
6,142  tons  of  shipping.  The  proportion  of  vessels  lost  on  the  lak^sl 
is  dierefore  much  in  excess  of  the  losses  on  the  ocean  coasts,  and  thatf 
of  lives  still  more  so. 

In  this  point  of  consideration  it  is  worthy  of  remark  that  a  singlel 
powerfiil  government  steam-dredge  could  be  kept  continually  in  comJ 
mission,  and  employed  during  seven  months  of  tne  year,  which  could,! 
with  perfect  ease,  remove  the  obstructions  on  the  flats  of  Lake  Stl 
Glair  and  Lake  St  George,  open  th^  bars,  and  deepen^the  beds  of  ail 
th6  harbors,  from  one  extremity  of  the  lakes  to  the  other,  in  the  courser 
«f  a  very  few  years,  and  keep  them  unobstructed,  thenceforth  to  tha 
€od  of  time,  by  an  annual  appropriation  of  oqife-fourth.  the  unmount 
the  augmented  compensation  recently  granted  to  the  Collins  line 
£teainers;  and,  of  course,  two  such  vessels,  materially  lessening  tli«j 
duration  of  the  work,  for  one-half  that  appropriation. 

T9or^6e8  it  appear  that  the  opening  an  area  so  vast  tolhe^rerpris 
^nd  efliciency  of  our  inland  commerce,  giving  perfect  protection  to  n 
important  a  branch  of  the  national  marine  as  that  employed  in  the  navH 
gation  of  the  lakes,  is  an  end  less  worthy  thj^n  the  fiirthering  and  en 
couraging  any  system  of  post  oflice  transportation,  and  ocean  stea 


IP*  '©pi  laa. 


■^^v-' 


fffj 


marine,  hpwever  incomparable  its  desertj.-  or,^  ♦i.-      •  i 

the  preservation  of  wh?t  is  ienerdirh^W  1^.  ?"\7^*o«t  regatyling 

th^»-the  lifo^f  human  Kg"!     ^  ^^^^  invaluable  amcpg  earth? 

of  p^XratSu^;^:^^^^^^  acme  meed 

bors.  and  marine  commTiSons,  whtl  She  .V?  "^J"  ^""'^  ^''' 
so  valuable  as  that  for  which  XhrSrS  V  ^^^  of  a  commerce 
to  oeriect  the  internal  and  ^d  comiSSs  ^TH't^''  ^^ 
and  radroads,  the  vouna  SfafPa  !»  „^-  u  fu  "  ,  ^^  "^^ich,  by  canals 
making  so  great  e^^^  '  °  ""^f"  "^^  ^"^^^^^  P^^ced,  ^e 

wSS'7onttSro?^Lt  1^^^^  ^^'li^--?  ^^  effect 
facilitation  by  all  nS  of  t^^nrrS^f'."  °?f"'"^  °^  ^^^'  and  the 
upon  the  growth^oSs  the^S  f  °"  ^"d  "itercommunica^n,  has 
perity  of  istricts;  wfiactu^K  °"'  ^"^^^a^«n»  wealth  and  pr^ 
meUcal  progression,  to  5reraStK^'°  ^'"^^^  ^"^^^  ^  ^^' 
number  Sf  tlieir  outl4  and  avenLs  for '.^^^^^     access/bihty.  and  the 

It  may  not,  therefore,  he  nZTZti^^T^'^^  ^^  immigration. 
of  these  influences  on  the  unnaraTC  ^     ***  ^^T^^  ^^  operation 
in  fact  be  traced  directlv^rtCe~^^^ 

disitrryXtSntd^^^^^^  P-d  of  the 

waters,  anything  like  practicCvtauwfhP^  f  "^'^  ^«  «^<i 
poses  was  unattempteS  until  afW  &         theiri  for  commercial  pur- 
■  In  1679  a  French  St  fnled  wn.  l^T'T^"^^^   ^^  ^«  centSry. 
for  the  expedition  of  Se  c3ebmte7nnd   ""f"'*^  ^*  ¥^'  Pemi^flvam^' 
which  wa^  an  exber  ment  fi?^^^^       ^  unfortunate  La  SaUe ;  But  this 
with  trade,  wasTfXw^d'V  t^^foi^Z^T  ^^^--t^ectd' 
the  first  American  vessel  was  LncLd  on  k.  i  f  ^r"  ^^^^'^  stated, 
steamel-  was  built  on  the  waters  of  L«tni?   ^^^T'.  t  ^^^^  ^^  first 
Erie  in  1818,    For  some  ^Serable  Um^tS '  f  ^  '^^.^'''  «"  ^^^ 
mission  on  Lake  Erie  were  used  m^tltT  r  ^r'^  yessels  put  in  com- 
and  operations  of  the  IndianTadeT^Jr    '  "'^aUng  the  Wvements 
trinkets  for  the  trade  and  rpf„rn-     '  ^.^f^y^"g  westward  supplies  and 
In  1825  the  ErircrnX  J  eo^iT'^  T^^^^^^  ^"''^  anS^l?^: 
to  be  felt  through  the  western  cSi„i;^"T^    ^"^"'"'"  ^^^""^  °»e^ 
State  of  New  fork  immed  atelv  be^S^'to  P    ^^'^^'^-  1^'^°"  ^^  ^e 
and  to  advaiice  i-^commeSto^^^^  *  T^sTnA  '"  ^''  °^  ^^^^^^^ 
to  increase  until  the  Welland  cnnl  3'  *u   ?lt-  '"""^nce  continued  stiU 
The  toniiage,  which  had  then  ?nni       1^^  ^^°  ^^^«  ^ere  completed! 
this  time/uU'emSSt  in  ca^r!'"^^"^  ^  *''°"*  ^^'^^^  tons,  found^ 
ward,N!^ch  conCXo  be  the^i.•'"'^^^^"^.  *^^''^  «"PP^e»  ™? 
be^  to-export  hvM^sl^Z^^'^'^^^  ""^^  ^"  1835,  when  Ohio 

18^,  937,903.       y  '  ""  ^^^°'  230,760;  m  1820,  581,434;  in 

had  been  completlTconnlrfinf^J,  Tf  ^\^  ^""^^^  miles  of  Snala 
Under  the  iuflu^encX  tSS^^  lakes  by  two^  lines  with  the  OhS 

augmented  to  1,51^467  tdSXT  iM 

lakesHhe  equivalent  of  54^,815  bulls  of  wLF  Jn^  e^! 


4 


"/' 


■fc^J 


.» .ifr 


it-# 


l/H 


# 

>^.^ 


4* 


V^ 


I 


K.  Doc.  139; 

ports  of  the  «ame  articte  over  the  same  -waterfl  were  equivalent  t«i^ 
8,800,000  busheb  of  wheat,  being  an  increase,  in  the  space  of  five  years, 
in  the  articles  of  jfMj|B^|y|i!iur,  of  whatsis  equi|l  to  3,300,000  bushels 
of  wheat,  or,ndn|||^^MK|fed  per  'cdiittm.  These  articles  are  se- 
lected, as  hcMBR^^|^!^y«^n  order  to  illustrate  ihe.efiect  of  canals 
tpon  lake  cjJm^^KAt  thia  period,  1840,  there  were  not  completed 
over  two  Ijlj^ed  miles  of  railway  in  the  State,  and  this  distance  was 
composed  6f  broken  portions  of  rpads,  no  entire  route  existing  as^  yet 
across  the  length  or  breadth  of  the  State.  In  1 860,  there  were  in  opera- 
tion something  over  four  hundred  mjkytiyjgili'oad,  and  rather  a;  greatfit 
lengtfi  of  canals,  while  the  p^pHBBWfwBKincr^ed^o  1,908,408,  and 
her*exports,  by  lake,  of  wheat  and  llour,  jvere  equivalent  to  6,764,075 
buaMs  of  wheat,  and  that,  too,  in  s^ite  of  the  feet  that^the  crop  of  1849 
l^llmost  an  absolute  failure  throughout  the  West.     \1 

I41861  the  exports  of  wheat  and  flour,  by  lake,  were  e<|nivalent  lo 
Bss  than  12,193,202  bushels  of  wheat ;  and  tlie  cost  of  freight  and 
Bing  charges  on  this  amount  of  p-oduce  falls  little,  if  any,  short  of 
1,000 ;  nearly  the  whole  amount  haying  reached  the  lakes  via  the 
^  canals  and  railways  of  Ohio.  • 

-     Similar  sketches  of  the  other  northwesti&rp  States,  during  their  rise 
^ ,  and  advid|(iement  to  their  present  conditipn  of  prosperity,  and  influence 
on  the  cimfederation,  might  be  aikluced  in  this  place,  kll  equally  flat- 
tering to  die  energy  and  enterprise  of  the  western  peoplaftjand  to  the 
influence  of  internal  improvement  on  commerce;  but  thil^mrrative  of 
the  eldest  Btate  of  the  group  will  suffice  to  illustrate  the  subject,  and"| 
#^ve  some^^a  of  the  imexampled  progress  of  the  whole. 
J  .    Westward  'oSi  Ohio,  the  Wabash  canal  brings  the  vast  productions  of  j 
Indiana  to  the  lakes,  passing  through  a  small  portion  of  Ohio,  from  the 
port  of  Toledo  to  the  junction,  thence  to  EvansviUe,  on  the  Q^o  river, 
and  traversing  the  entire  ^pngwi  of  the  Wabash  valleyi  one  of  ffie  finest 
wheat  and  com  countries  m  a^t  the  West,  f  This  canal  is  four  hundred ; 
and  sixty-four  quks  in  length,  and  is  one  o^  the  most  important  of  re- 
cent improveinCTHL     "W^  y 
\       It  i?  worthy  ofnote  here  that,  in  additioii'  to  its  v^t commercial  _^ 
inaojs  by  the  gtlat^^sj  Ohio,  and  more  parti(jularlj;^  its  commercial 

€apital,  Cincinnati^i^largest,  wt!||thiest,  an^finest  city  of  the  west, 
nd  the  great  empcaiium  of  tha|  i^^on,  has  ah  imi^nse  mmic^i'ce, 
both  in  exports  and  imports,  by  die  r^rt^tihig  and^lwssisyftppi  j  and 
it  apjpears  that  a  Wger  portioq^of  g||^i^iare  imported  vl^r  the  use  of  | 
"      '        '  '     the  river,,  than  to  the  lake-board,  via 
m  much  larger  portion  of  the  trade  I 
iBs,  a 'majority  w  the  live  stock  and 
.  ^    ,  e  rivers  or  otherwise.    No  ill  effect  is  i 
prMuced,  however,  on  either  commercial  route,  by  this  competition,  but 
rather  the j^reverse,  there  being  times  when  either  route  alone  is  closed  I 
tQ  nayigation---the  lakes  during  the  winter 
Jhe  failure  ofltajigaters  during  the  «umra«r 


the  interi(»',  into  Cincinnati 
tile  lakes ;  arid  farther, 'tib^t 
fc  ^^  produce^gc^s  by  | 
1inifn&3  provisions  is  sent  by  " 


Iv 


by  the  ice,  and  the  Ohio  by  i 
^droughtsr    ThCTi&JSr  mere-^ 


over,  commerce  enough  amply  to  sustain  both  channels;  and  while  flwj 
6tatq>  its  ■  oeautifiil  capital  in  particular,  is  a  great  gainer,  no  port 
or  place  of  biisiness  is  a  loser  by  this  two-fold  avenue  and  outlet  %  | 
r«jBunercial  transportation. 


Sifci'   ;i 


,,\» 


The' southern  Michij 


terminates 


northern  Indiana  railv 

^estward;¥r;;ugrSelo"urhe^Tu'^^^^^^^  'S^?'  ^^^^ 

.  ninties  of  IndiaHa,  to  Chicae^  «t  ^h^ kI^I    r  ?'^f "  """^  *^^  northern 

las^mborder  of IlCis      ffi  ro^  nafil^^^t  ^^'^'^^"'  °°  *h« 
fertile  ^ons  of  these  StntP^/Tk  ^  *^'"*'"S*'  ^''^^^  of  the  most 

8  end^gth!„,aX  cS^  '^*^""^^y  completed  through 

.e  commerclofriatrS^^^^  ^^  ^^  ^"^^  ^  ^^^  ^-tly  *o 

^^^yl'o^^^tS^^  Detroit  river,  the  central  Michigan 

ith  ^WBuffkfo  a,^?the5X    anfrv-      k^^'"  *^"  ^'^y  ^^  I>^tr!it, 

|f  (heir  business  to  the  Se«       ^'  ""^I^-drng  upon  it  as  the  avenue 

^^^^^^^Z^t^/^^'iJT'^  various  ^ 

kem  .         ■       -y  "^"^"^^»^  to  the  commerce  of  the' 

^e^:ti;Sl"n:^^^^^^  I^-^e  Huron  may  be  passed 

e  prinJpal  o/tS^^^V'Sh  t r^aT  t"'°^^-    ^^ "^ 

i^ontiac  railroad  tc/  Sagbaw  ^S^^  •^^'^'^•'  -  '^^  .^^t^nsion  of 
.opposite  to  Saritia,  Sa  WesT^Xr^^"?'  ?  '^^  ^''  ^^^ 
1^  with  a  branch  of  thp^lof' ,    ^^  ?f  "  destmed  to  com- 
■^Ontario,  t^ L  a^e  Hurtr  Cfc  r^d""^'""  «^'>^* 
fern  Toronto,  across  the  ienfnsXbv  I  i""  ^"^  P'^'J""^"^  ^^ 
mon  the  great  Georgian  bnl^J?'  k^  -^f^f  Suncoe;  to  Pene- 
Sault  Ste*J|ane   I)v  m/£  ?     /'  Y^'"^?  ^'"  ^^'>^^^^  the  route  ta    ' 
>mandedandWp^^^sTfh  «^e«.  and,  should  the  muc^ 

.t  effected,  ^ti^^^r,  la^T^hl"'""^  ?'  ?""^^  ^  "o^  at 
>veIon  and  b>mg  to  a  m^ker^fC^^^e"'^'  ^njprovement  to 
ike  Superior.  ^ncmcuJabie  mmeral  resources  of 

^etrgln,'^^^^^^^^^ 

>rtherB  portion  of  WuS^^ZC^.f^'f'^''^'^'^  X 
en,frapper8rtradersandvoyaffeurs^Z«t?  Tf*V-l^^P'  tolJMf 
no  internal  improvements  trihnt^S  f"?  "^^urally  hitherto  the  W&e 

Passing  southwardXwev"r  to^.^     k'°"™ 

tenor  of  Wisconsin/ th^re^J  L1       ^?^'  ^^  "«  ^"^^^^^  in  the 

the  internal  n%ationTf  tSl'  stt/X?^'''^  '""T  ^^F^vement^ 
Wance  to  the  fut|-e  grouch  of  thltr  ^'^'  P^'^^P^^  of  more  im- 
^ted  in  any  part  ofthe^sSte     Thl         commerce  than  any  yet  per- 

!  th^caniUnecSig  tR^^  ^°^^«  ««  the  il  ri?^J. 

Ich  opens  the  steam  nav%TtTon  of  thf^  "^"^  *^  Wisconsin 

d.  although  it  is  8carc6lv  Sl.lfc  i^^«  *°  "^^^  o^aft,  and  nVe 


SttineTessete  which 


nav- 


L         '  iaxes  win  pasg^hJough  the  'rivplf     ti,-     .-"-""«»- 
per  valley  of  .he  mJJ,^'-^^;  sKfitS^jJ^ 


.■v!Ji 


■V  ' 

'■km 

i 

m 

,;•  ^<'>, 

h 

m 

^^H 

i 

< ' 

■  ;1!^^^K^H 

Hh 

""i&di^- 


Doc^  l^» 


country,  is.  m  *  J«^^  fe^^S^^f  MisaiS^  rivers  i..  in  f-ct,  b, 
The  junction  of  t^^J^^^Takes  than  to  St.  Louis ;  and  the  tran. 
Uus  route  brought  nearer  'J  «J^^^^,^,,^^ted  line  of  steamboat  navK| 
portauonot  goods  ^»^"'«^3^^^uX  of  l^e«  «»d  "^^^  ^^«  ^'**^  «'' 

on  the  borders  of  Lake  Wi^eb^i^^^^^^  are  everywhere; 

^^"^^"^kL^  to  the  iXHnm  we  reaih  Chicago,  where  Lai 
"STistSea^^  IhtminoTs  river  by  a  rf  «rxoO  nnU 
k^^TpTning  to  that  lake  the  vast  wealth  and  traffio  of  the  nchc, 

'H^tl.^^^^^o^^^^  one  of  winch  is  c^ 
pleSome  forty  rJs  L  the  westward.  ^»H<^\^^^^;^  ^^jj^^^^^ 
Sie  MississiDDi.     There  are  also  plank  roads  from  many  points,  mori 
or  less  3l^  avenues  of  commerce  to  the  lakes:  at  present,  how^j 
S  tiheXc«nication  between  the  northern  and  southern  routd 
S^bv  the  iSinob^d  Michigan  canal.    This  Was  origmaUy  mtended 
be  a  shro^S!  connecting  Chicago  with  Peru,  on  the  Dhnois  river^^ 
w  JoSv  cSuctS  equS  to  thi  admission  of  ordmary  canal  boag 
whfch  cL^  reachiiig  the  latter  point,  be  towed  by  steam  down  i^ 
rivf  toTt  S);rand^retumthencV  laden  witb.^ugar.  hemp,  tobac« 
flour  oi  grain,  and  thence  by  horse  power  to  CbicaffO. 

WhetSrthe  original  plan  of  this  canal  wiU  ever  "fee  carried  out.. 
besV  very  problematical,  since  there  are  obstacles  m  the  periodical  sb 
WsTo/Te  waters  of  theffinoiswhichwouldfrustra^^ 
of  the  improvement,  to  wit,  the  through-navigation  of  the  works  t 

•This  canal  was  opened  in  May,  1848.  and  die  first  section  of  i 
Chicago  and  Galena  railroad  in  March.  1849.     In  1847.  the  year  p 
vious  to  the  opening  of  the  canal,  the  ireal  estate  ^^  p^sonal  propen 
mCook  countyTof  which  Chicago  is  the  capital,  was  valuedat  $6,189,3 
and  the  State  tax  was  $18,162.    In  the  year  allowing,  when  ^eca 
had  been  one  sestson  in  operation,  the  valuauon  rose  to  $6,986.UU0, , 
the  State  tax  to  825,848.     In  1861  this  valuaUon  had  nsen  yet  laj 
to  the  sum  of  $9,431,826,  and  the  State  tax  to  $56,937.    In  1840 
population  of  Chicago  was  4,479,  and  the  valuaUon  of  Property  nrt 
horn  $260,000;  wMe  in  1861  the  populauon  was  about  36,m  and 
assessed  valuation  of  real  and  pergonal  property  was  »«»S°2,717.  I 
^8AZJh6,pPPulatinn,  according  to  the  cityigensus,  waa  16,859;  in  18 
Tt^wM205^23;inl849,  23,047;  and  ip  1B60»  according  to  the  XJffl| 
States  census,  219,963;  having  increased  twice  more  rapidly  than  bete 
8ince  the  completion  of  the  canaL      The  populauon  of  Chicago  at  l 
tiBl&--August,  1862~i8  nearly,  if  not  quite,  40.000.  , 

I|b  regaxd  to  this  train  of  argument,  and -to  this  view  of  the  e»ctl 

;f;/"V-' -4/ :■;,..■  ■•■    \  ■■    ■:  ;    *  ,  •■  ;■■     ' 


HI 


^lii,.ii(iiKii.itei 


WKa 


_,     ad  improvcmente  on  the  growth  of  the  West,  and  on  the  commw 

tbteaame  train  of  examination  in  relation  to  the  growth  oicm^T^t 
» the  ea^t  of  the  great  lakes,  such  as  Buffalo,  lC\«rk  Oswe^^^? 

bin^S^^dchS  'T*'^  ^^'^.  ^  the^same  clmZ^X^^^^ 
Ihcuntemal  channels  of  communication  in  J^ew  York  and  Maafiac^ 

In^OO,  the  city  of  New  IJjk,  with  its  suburbs,  had  a  popuJatioz* 
_  oi  . , ^ 63.000 — n  1SAO  «r  *^CrrTr!f 


>  / 


gjston 38,000 

Philadelphia  city  and  CO.  73,000 

Cmcinnati . . . . 7^0 

Bnflkio... .....:::::: 

Oswego ,..*      ^ 

Albany..... _  534^ 

Cmcago,. , . 

Sti  Louis........ ^  2^000 


63,000— in  1850,  of..... 


«« 


700,000 
212^,000^ 
460,000 
116,43ft 
43,360 

#,76a 
29,963^ 


Hence  if  appears,  that  hetween  the  yeats  1800  and  V8^o*fUr.«:^ 

.very.  6*;  Alb^n^Xvf *?  ,^f  g^^^^^^^  hJ  . 

This  covers  a  term  of  half  a  century;  bu  fr^mmUoTs^n 

ie.^incinLu,ii7!lte;  In  ^f  iarin'8,^^1^ & 

oKuS  oncfi^'l^a^^S's^'pS^^^^  of  Ne^ 

any,15i;  Cincinna^.^V  sTl™  7^^^  Boston,  16;  Al^ 

From  1830  to  1850.  a  o^rS    nf  ?«,'7^  Buffalo,  6J;  Detroit,  8. 
ion^lhis  being  the  firstCnl.  Lf    %^^T' ^^  term  of  duphca- 
,ianal,  but  befle  hslnlenrhad  bee^^^^^  of  the'^Erie 

king  to  thenon^omSon  of  theOwL^^^^^^',^"  *?  seaboard, 
few  York,  15  years -Sr^PlihfniJi^i  ^^*^'^  canals-was,  ii» 
Cmcinnati,  8f;  Sn^uissife  ^l*J  ^""^  ^^'  Albany,  20? 
nd  Sandusky.  5     Aid  fo,mi  Clevel^d,  6^    ' 

ng  which  n^ly  thfwh^rwesJem  p^^^^^^  ^'^'^  d"' 

y  ipeans  of  'the  Ohio,  New  York  n^f  w?i^  i*?-*"^*^""^  exporter* 
rarious  lilies  of  railwa^Mhreff^rt  i  t^  Philadelphia  canals.  a£d  the 
tuplioation  in  the  S  of  bS^-.  !?  i"?^^"^^^  on  the  pe^  of 
4n  truly  astonishiS^  bm  S^Stf  n  ^^^^  "^  New  T^,  ha»  ^ 
•m  the  iast  upon  the  westemVSSi^  %^^^  "^^^^S  *»*^  reflected 
According  to  the  ratt^f/if^  ^     ^  "*  ^^f  ""ore  wonder&L 

;ork  wouKubl^Kpu^^^^^^  ^"'^  J^  '^^  y«^'  ^e.^ 

^1^76?!  Cb'^TM?wSie  srrl/'  Cleveland.  6},  &^ 
.f  *ee«.|=-    The  e^^'co"?iX^°^LT^'^^^ 

MLu 


I    ' 


1 

If 

^^^?py 

m 

i 

i 

1 

1 

Mm 

t' 

■ 

necessity  for  the  improvement';  and  the  same  law  which  called  it  into 
existence  as  necessarily  requires  it,  by  a  reactionary  impulse,  to  vor 


demnify  its  creator.  i     tt  •    j  o 

'    Before  the  present  centmy  shall  have  passed  away,  the  United  btates 
will  undoubtedly  present  to  the  world  a  spectacle  unequalled  m  past 
history.    More  than  fifty  milUons  of  repubUcan  freemen,  all  equal  citi- 
zens of  a  confederacy  of  independent  States,  united  by  congenial 
sympathies  and  hopes;  by  a  devotion  to  the  principles  of  pohtical  and   j 
religious  freedom,  and  of  self-government;  bound  together  by  a  com-  | 
mon  language  and  harmonious  laws,  and  by  a  sacred  compact  of  uhion, 
will  also  be  firmly  cemented  witli  one  another  by  indissoluble  .bonds 
of  mutual  dependence  and  common  interests.     The  remote  Sections  of 
the  confederacy  will  be  made  near  neighbors  by  means  of  canals. 
Railroads  will  chain  all  the  several  parts  each  to  each;  the  whole 
people  from  the  Pacific  to  the  North  Atlantic  Ocean,  froha  the  great  J 
lakes  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  cultivating  the  arts  of  peace  and  scie»cfi,  f 
and  incited  by  a  genuine  rivaliy  for  the  accomplishment  of  the.  teC)| 
mission  of  the  American  people. 


THE  LAKE  DISTRICTS. 

,  WITH  A  DESCHIPTION  OF  KAOH  J  .^\  * 

'  '  i 

STATISTICAL  STATEMENTS  OF  THE  CANADIAN  AND  DOMESTIC  TBADE, 
AND  A  GENERAL  SUMMABY. 


y> 


'3* 


No.  1. — District  op  Ysrmont. 


Port- of  entry,  Burlington;  latitude  44°  2T,  longitude  Ta^lC;  .pop-i 
uktion  in  1830,  3,525;  in  1840,  4?fi71;  in  f&50,  6,110.        .      _  " 

This^  which  is  the  easternmost  of  all  thel|ke  districts,  comprises  the 
whole^iistern  shore  of  Lake  Champlaih,  fxrni  its  southern  extremity  at^ 
WhitelMlo  its  northern  termination,  excepting  only  a  few  miles  at  the! 
hedd  qf'^issisquoi  bay,  which  fall  within  the  Canadian  line;  imdj^- 
braces  all  those  portions  of  the  State  of  Vermont  which  are  subject  to' 
custom-house  regulation^.  •         .^ 

Lake  Champlain  is  about  one  hundred  and  five  miles  in  len^h,  at\^ 
varies  Jn  breadth  fi-om  one  to  fifteen  miles;  it  contains  spverjil  islands, 
principally  toward  tlie  upper  end,  of  which  the  largest  are  North  and 
South  Hero,  and  La  Motje  island;  and,  in' additictti  W  aU  rfie  Avaters of 
Lake  Oe6rge,  its  jn-incipal  affluent,  the  outlet  ©f  which  gnters  it  at  Ti- 
Cmideroga,  >receives  nine^considerable  streams :  the  Otter  creek,  the 
Onion  river,  the  Lamoile,  and  the  Missisqtioi,  fopni,  Vermont  to  Jthe 
north  and  eastward;  the  Chaa:y,  the^aranac.  thy  $able.  and  Boquet 
rivers,  on  the  wes?^  an^  ^obd  Creek  pA  the'  iauth,  Ti^joi  the  State  oT 
New  York.  It  discharges  its  own  wateas  into  the'&t«(^wrence  by.the 
Sorel  Of  Itichelieu  river,  in  a  nortlieastcrly  cdtirjfemfe  navigation  (i 
wliSch  iiad'bfien  Improved  by  the  Works  of  tlie  \S!|[al!^ly  (Canadian]^ 
canal,  so  ais  to  afftird.  on  ci^y  communication  ht$lafge  vessel^  to  the 


■_#<l    'i-  i.        --^w^,!^-  .-^c^jg,-'- 


me.  ms,  ^j 

St  Xa^ence,  and  thereby  to  the  great  laJces.  From  its  southern  ex- 
[tremity  it  is  connected  by  the  Champlain  canal  with  the  Mohawk  river 
and  the  Erie  canal,  at  thtf- village  of  Waterford,  where  the  united 
works  enter  the  Hudson    arid  thus  form  a  perfect  ^hain  of  iSLd  n^- 

^fwhorw^i'^f.."^?,!  far  northwest^o  the  Atlantic  seaSo^d. 
The  whole  length  of  the.  Champlain  canal,  including  about  seventeen 
mdes  of  improved  natural  navigation  on  Wobd  creet  and  the. Hudson 
nver,  IS  about  siatty^four  miles.    It  is  forty  feet  wide  on  tte  s^ace 
twenty^ight  at  the  bottom,  and  four,  deep/  The  amount  of  locwS 

f  titl^  rt-    V"-  ^9'^^f^J^^^  ^--l  Hue  of -intercomSa^ 

tion,  L,ake  Champlam  is  mclu(%l,  not  improperly,  in  the  great  chain 

^.^  American  lak^  j  although,  ^Jspeak  st^tfy.  it  s  not  oiHf  SS^ 

^rrsl.ta^e^ce'-'^  waters,  serving,  like  them,  itself  as  a  ffeder 

j;l^V^' ^'■'^^'■^^  °'^'*^  ^^*«^  «hore  by  lands  oomj^osing  this 
district,.  w;ith  a  coast  hne  of  considerably  mare  than  a  3ed  milpL 

"ilTfmai?:;^  '^'P^  T^}''  ^^^^  ^^  inlets.'^f^eaTprlSt': 
neapand  fertility,  especially  adapted  to  graiiing  and  dairy  farms  and 

Llt^r^  rr  il^""  "Ftherniruits.    L  xveftem  shp^S^arTfor  the 
k"ceSl.^?ll^^^^  r^J-"g  -*«  ^he  vast  and  2^^ 

f^^ll'f^3%    of  the  Aduxjndack  ,niountains,  lying   within    the 
.eottnties-of  lAhidton,  Herkimer,  and  Essex,  in  NeJ  /ork  a  r  J«^ 

ilSL  'V^^  "^?''  '"^^^^'  ^^  1«^  adapted  to  culdvation  TZ 
£a.9i,^P«"^<ffpopulous  cities.      .  t,  uunosi  witmn 

adSto  thSSiw?-'^^  anomentiM  demands, 

tn  nn  ■    SI     55!^  *"^  ^'8^'  of  buwnesis,  and  i«  tftimateS  beneflcial 
'l^nt  ^^'  T^.^BP?**™  no  just  .cause  forAjLhenSg  Z^^ 

SlJ^Z^J:''''^''''^'^  "^  ^^  Bhip^%g,y^Zr^d 


.*^f' 


lth«  Rrt{!k?v^^*'  P^  '•^  ^"^  ^'^  ^^  d'*«t»H  ifc'ifc  iuieit  town  In 
K&SSr'  "T"^**^*!  about'^ten^thoisand  inhabSn|^^t  S 
KSd/aHv"^m  ?h  V**!f '  ';r^  »lope^of  the  ea.tem  storS^end^      *  ^: 
V>g  graduaMy  from  the  Iw«af  of  fiu^hn^t^  bay.  6n  the  wutheiii  ^ide  of  ^*^' 


=?^"^ 


« 


,  >  f^ 


rf»^^ 


1 

"tlie  debouchure  of  the  Onion  river  into  the  lake,  and  is  the  canital  of 
Chittenden  county,  aA^  by  far  the  most  considerable  commercial  place 
of  the  State.    It  haTmoreover,  a  fine  a^icultural  back  countnr,  of 
-which  it  is  the  mart  aiM  outlet    Burlington  is  distant  from  New  York, 
by  railway,  about  three  hundred  miles ;  from  Boston  two  hundred  and 
thirty-five;  tod  from  Montreal  one  hundred.    By  its  jW)S8es8ion  of  ai 
central  position,  with  the  advantages  of  both  land  and  water  steam 
fkcilities,  alikte  for  travel  and  transportation  to  the  grand  emporia  of  5 
Canada,  New  England,  and  New  York,  it  is  making  rapid  advances  | 
in  wealth  and  population;  and  now,  with  railj-oad  communications  I 
open  on  either  side  of  the  lake,  can  scarcely  fail  to  unprove  and  increase, 
in  a  ratio  commensurate  with  that  of  the  unprovements  m  its  vicmity. 

The  only  method,  within  our  reax;h,  of  amvmg  at  the  aggregate 
amount  of  the  lake  commerce  ar^i  traffic,  is  by  taking  the  accounts  of 
the  canal  oflSce  at  Whitehall,  whiph  exhibit  the  amount  and  value  ol^ 
merchandise  delivered  at  the  lake,  and  the  quantity  and  value  of  pro 
-duce  received  from  the  lake ;  and  then  by  estimating  the  coasting  tradel 
of  the  lake  above  Whitehall  which  do^s  not  reach  the  canal.  Bjj 
<ieducting  from  the  aggregates  of  these,  the  Canadian  trade  of  the  dis>| 
tricts  of  Vermont  and  Champlain,  we  arrive  at  the  gross  amount  of  the| 
aggregate  coasting  Jrade  of  the  whole  lake,  as  comprising  both  the  coH 
lection  districts;  but  owing  to  this  compulsory  mode  of  procedure,  no| 
definite  understanding  of  the  proportion  of  commerce  attaching  to  each,| 
separately,  of  the  two  districts,  can  be  reached.  i  * 

The  amount  of  assorted  merchandise  delivered  into  Lake  Chamj 
in  1861  was  126,000  tons,  at  $1  76  per  ton. 

Average  valuation  as  on  Erie  canal $31,876,0(Mi 

Amount  of  produce  received  from  the  lake 3,€16,89r 

Add  for  coasting  above  the  canal....*. 1,000,OC 

-n  ■ 

Total  commerce  of  the  lake i.« .  26,890,89 


itward.— Am« 


The  Canadian  trade  of  Vermont  district,  for  the  years  1860 
1861,  Was  as  follows: 

>  1850.  «               1851. 

Exports  of  domestic  produce ; $661,677               $468,0«| 

"t         foreign  merchandise 294,182                 309,66 

'Total  exports.. 946,869                 767,1 

•       T6talimporti....-^ 607,466                266,I1J| 

Total t  1,662,326              1,033,98 

finhtract  total  of  1 861 1 .033.989            ^^= 

Decrease  of  1861 619,336 


iu 


•t     ' 


136. 


68^ 


[•he  tonnage  in  the  Canadian  trade  for  the  two  years  was  as  foUowsr 


50. 


iNd.        Tons. 
^^SS     94.235 
818  122.813 


Decrease  m  1851 30  •  28.578 


No.        Tons. 
695     91.967 
731  105.359 

36     13.390 

iThe  ag^egate  shipping  of  Lake  Champlain,  both  foreig^d^. 
Wknn  fP^««^nted  to  We  numbered  3,950  eiitrancl^wTrlf; 
>7  500  tons,  and  employing  11,850  men,  with  a  coSnSnTnum^  ' 

of  clearances  of  the  same  measurement  and  crews.  ^     ^  """" 
1  he  enrolled  tonnage  of  this  district  in  June,  1861  was  -i  Q±n  t««» 
I'steam,  and  692  tons  of  sail.  •'""t^>  ^  001,  was  d,240  tons 

Tonnage. 
eard. — American 


I'OM. 

6  steam.     56,421 
17,490. 


.3^8  sail. 
504 


British ,i„ 

•  --  122  steam. 

*  lo|2  saiLr 


28^ 


J73^ 

9,566 
10,758 

20,324. 


jitward.— American '•  ,  .^ 

J»7  steam-    58,024 

318  Jail.  .^17,020 


9,321 
7,602 

16,923 


Jue  of  foreign  goods     " '  " 458,006 

lueofpr.pertycl6aredat-Wlitei;aliforU,;-South:;;;     3,S    , 


^ 


1; 


I ' 


fit 


4 


^'^ 


fj  ..ti*.  ^i&m 


% 


This  district,  which  is  situate  on  the  western  side  of  Lake  Chatn-i 

J)lain,  over  against  that  last  described,  including  the  peninsida  at  the 
ower  end  between  the  waters  of  tint  lake  and  Lake  George,  with  the 
thriving  town  of  Whitehall  and  the Jbutlet  by  the  Champlain  canal,  '^  * 
a, coast-line  of  equal  extent,  though^  less  indented  by  bays,  than 
opposite  district  of  Vermont. 

|t  has  two  principal  harbors — Whitehall,  situate  on  both  sides  oi 
Wood  creeki  at  its  entrance  into  tfie  lake,  in  a  beauitil'ul  and  roraanti 
site,' with  considerable  water  power,  through  whiph  passes  the  ve 
great  majority  of  the  whole  export  and  impojt  trade  for  Canada,  aie 
which  ♦is  a  singularly  flourishing  and  improvmg  village  ;  and  Plattl 
burgh,  near  to  me  upper  extremity  of  the  lake,  at  the  head  of  a  fiu 
and  spacious  bay  at  the  debouchure  of  the  Saranac  river,  by  which  j 
is  connected  with  the  mineral  and  lumbering  regions  of  the  interior,  aiK 
with  the  recesses  of  the  Adirondack  ,chain.     The  village  is  well  laij 
put,  and  contains  the  United  States  barracks,  and  several  prosperous 
manufactories  on  the  river.     This  district  has  little  or  no  back  countnl 
•the  mountains  rising  abrupt  and  precipitous  from  the  very  verge  of  tfe 
lake  in  many  places,  and  leaving  a  narrow  strip  of  shore  only,  withi 
few  villages  scattered  along  the  road  to  Plattsburgh,  ,beyond  which  a 
is  howhng  wilderness  as  far  as  to  the  valley  of  the  Black  river.     Littl 
dependence  can,  therefore,   be  placed  on  the$e  regions  for  agriciii 
tural  producfe,  although  their  forest  and  nlineral  wealth  compeivsates  t 
some  measure  for  the  sterihty  and  ruggedness  of  then:  soil. 

Plattsburgh  is  the  prt  of  entry  bf  this  district^  although  Whitehall! 
the  larger  commercial )  depot.     The  only  railijoajd  which  .touches  ^ 
is  that  of  Ogdensburg,  crossing  Missisquoi  bay  and  the  "narrows  1 
the  lake  at  Rouse's  Point,  and  opening,  at  the  town  of  OgdensburgJ 
perfect  inland  intercommunicgttion  between  the  great  lakes  and  tli 
Atlantic  ocean,  at  Boston.    It  is  on  th(&  water  communications,  the 
fore,  afforded  by  the  lake,  th^t  the  po'pulation  of  tliis  district  for 
most  part  rely  fpr  the  prosecution  of  their  commercial  enterprises  j 
the  transportation  of  their  produce. 

There  are  five  daily  steamers  running  during  the  «eason  fJrom  -,  m 

hail,  touching  at  BurllBglon  and  Plattsburgh,  for  St,  John,€aDa 

East,  and  for  St  AlbatfrVermont  ,      !§:  -^ 

The  Canadian  trade  of  this  district  during  tfie  years  1860  and  16 

was  as  follows:  ,  , 

'"  .  ,.  I860.  1861. 

Exports  of  domestic  produce  ...:.- ....        $392,378     $376,« 

foreign  merchandise 316,843       878,'< 

Total  exports 639,221       749,« 

*  Total  imports ......!.........  435,383       294,2 

Total  commerce, 4 , i;0l'4.604    l.b48^ 

^  Docrease  in  1861 ,..,  %#i8" 

'  "   .  -  ■  L         "       . 


\i 


■^H*  Boc.   i^ 

10R1  *"'  ■  Tons  entered. 

&: '      ?|f       ^23,229 

788       120,294 


1^" 


Difference. . 


190 


No.      Ton«  cleitt^, : 
f98       123,229 
754       116,^31 


e^ 


The  d  ^^^    =^=r  -i£?  6,29S 

ber  oFemZTlnfo?'^  '^^^'  ^®^^'  "  ^^  be  observed  '^T^ 


4,    ,' 


I  Imports  in  American  vessel, 
I  Exports  in  Americk„;i^t-;; 


Canadian  trade. 


' " "  ■  -  •■■I- , 


•  •  •'  ^, 


«l,019,03^ 
24,246 


X"      Tonnaffe.    , 
American,, steiafti.....;.     goTor     ,.  Outward.  '„ 


98,571   ' 


1'  ♦•  'I 


'-^"'^■. ;•...  iii;^, , 


[Britfsh,  steam . .  '  "^^IT" 

I   ■ /""-«-;;-::  ^^  ^""^'Si •/••  3,899 

-'- — -  'o-... 20,759 

_24,658    '  -*  ■  ■ ~.- 

""  V     24,658 


)uty  collected  Off  4mDort«,-,,  A        • 

i^o-  T^'.'"  Amencan  vessels 

"o- .       British  vessel^.  _ 


Total  duty 


■  I . 


\         "«•  Bruwh  vessels         

,  '-     .  ■.,       ^  i   '      ■*'■'""■■■;' 

Jmounkfmported'inbond 

Amount  bf free  goods       ^-- 

^■■'  ■••■•• 

^^-     '  Total,* 


^  *  •  •  • . , 


•-•     $46,639 
6,210  . 

••-      ^l^s 

-  «228,841 

-  24,246 

V  .252,487.' 
•    ^    27,994 


'■■-•• 

Nueofdomesticgoodsexportac^: 


'-•-«! 


■«;!•  »■■  >^ 


^«^54gi 


J^^igrTgoods  e^ijorted.  ,.        .  ^ 

f-^^ngoodsentiuedto^in^tt::::--.----...-....  i^^ 

!   .  'fc'  ;.  'i  -^  ^/, .    :*r\"^"."'   i78,468 


''t*^ 


«f- 


66 


I.  .  B^'^^Mi,  Vi$^ 


■V' 


i 


No.  3.— DiSTBICT  OF  OSWEGAICHIE.        x^ 

Port  Of  entry,  Ogdensburg;  latitude  44°  41';  lo»f  t^t^nf  ^^' '  ^^^ 

'  ^J-xWLtel  ^Kilfe,  Waddington,  Morrfstown,  ^nd  HwnmoncT,  and  it 

'^MSme  the  theatre  of  a  v^ry  large  and  ^--^^  Jjf  ^^.^^^^^ 

^,  and  coastwise,  particularly  since  the  opening  of  the  Ogdensburg 

^^  'IfJ^ortant  line  was  opened  from  Ogdensburg  to^f^' 
I       W^here  it  combines  with  the  eastern  and  southeastern  routes,  m  the  au- 
'      ^  wmn  of  S ;  aul from  this  point  passengers  and  fre^t  crossing^Lake 
'  CrmplaTn  hive  easy  expedLn  either  to  the  New  ^la^  ^^ates^^^^ 

•       "i     ^1  ^r.  t«  iMp«r  York  via  Lake  Champlain  and  the  Hudson  river, 
-  Stte  new  h^^slf  ail^^^^^^^^  vluey  of  the  latter  great  thor- 

■  nnahCe      There  being  no  Une  of  transportation  whatever  through 

°A"f  dSictTrom  the  cLadas,  except  the^bove-mentio^^^^^^^^ 
previous  to  the  opening  of  thkt  way  none  of  ryJ^d-J^^^^^^^^      ^^^ 
h  Line  moreover,  a  mere  strip  of  ten  miles'  width  between  the  river 

«S'and  XAdirondack  liighlands~the  eflfect  of  this  road  has  been 
ve?^^^eat  on  the  general  .Commercial  prosperity,  and  particularly  on 
SoTOisburi  whiJ^h  monopolizes  the  Canadian  U-ansportauon 
CiHess,  for  the  otL  por^s;  mentioned  are  merely  "ve^arbors  doing 
a^S  coasting  busiA^ss,  Ud  driving  some  «naU  traffic  with  the> 
■  LSrs  acro/the  water.  %  consequence  of  these  advantages  larg 

qSdes  of  freight  find  thei?W  into  th  s  port  from  all  parU  of  h 
2Xr  lakes  and  of  Canada.  for%ansmiS8ion  to  various  marts  on  th 
A^tic  seaboard;  and  large  amoXnts  of  merchandise,  both  foreign  and 
dSc  ^e%e  distriUed  though  the  difle^^^^^  lake  porta,  both 
of  Canada  and  theUnit^  Stktes,  frW  New  York  and  Boston. 

The  following  statistics  wiffsfiow^e  comnarative  coasting  trade  of 
Ogdensburg  in  some  of  the  prkcipal  ancles  during  the  P^/ ^^«  //^l^^;  I 
^  results  lor  1849  beihg  mljtde  up  onV  to  the  1st  of  October  of  that 
year.  *      ,  "      ' 


r. 


**•■ 


»>■  ■ 


:  l>. 


•^^ 


•*r.  -h. 


H.  Doc.   130. 

^Jnporta  coatticue. 


67 


Articles. 


Flour hur-^i-*! 

Beef..:::;;: t' 

Sf-'" ■""•«*«- 

&:::■-■■-•*';«»*«• 

Tobkcc«.::::-iS" 

Sundry  merch'dke,  value: 


1847. 


1848. 


1849. 


3,800 

865 

1,800 


1950, 


1851. 


300 

275 

2,500 

18,000 

3,500 

10,000 

10,000 

320 

l*„      ^'200 
f8, 106, 450 


158,600 
453 
,    2,612 
2f758 
37 
300 
'490 
149, 310 
31,934 
10, 369 
78 
Xncladedinm 
15  ' 
tl,  162, 668 


375,009 
1,291 
2,887 
6,034 
-43 
I0« 
371 
377,725 
82,458 
14,SJ87 

.•rcoandise. 

f  45^,  978 


}"      if 

( 

1 


The  above  statistics  cleat- 1^  A^  '  ♦- 

sumption  cS^  1        "''^^  "^^^^^se  of  western  nr^    f^"" '  "**'"'  ^  ^^^w 
We.,  ».«  a.  fouX:''  """«  "■"  '-"o  Period,  of  a  few  ,e«,,.^  „. 


<;  ,f        ^  H  .it 


it  <   lit. 


Hi 


hm^^ 


The  estimated  ^alue  of  the  imports  and  exports  for  the^years  above 
named,  is  as  follows :  \  ',  «      . 


- 

1847. 

— ) ■ — 

184a 

1849. 

185». 
n    - 

1851. 

CoaBtwiae  imports,.. ■■ 
Coastwise  expoHa 

1?ArAi<m  itniw)irtji        .... 

#2,804,150 
389,325 

$2,9^,015 

341,933 

49,831 

81,844 

f2, 482, 695 

,311,084 

48,395 

32,686 

> 
f2, 463, 648 
359,933 
a05,815 

....  ■••.  .... 

f2, 424, 145 

918,587 
214,520 

Foreign  exports 

6^8,648 

/      Total  commenw..- 

3,193,475 

3,461,623 

2,874,859 

3,029,396 

4, 175,900 

The  report  of  inward  and  outward  bound  vessels  is  as  below,  for 
the  last  two  years:         ^, 


> 

Years. 

4t 

Number  of 
entries. 

Tons. 

Men. 

( 

Number  of 
dearances. 

Tons. 

Men. 

1851 

1,002 
669 

351,427 
242,780 

19,538 
12,464 

973 
655 

359,287 
242^ 

19,341 

1850... p 

12,218 

increase...... 

\,    333 

108,647 

»,03'4 

318 

U6,356 

v.    7,123 

N  ■ 

'  From  the"  above  figures  it  will  be  readily  perceived,  independent  of 
the  general  increase  <^<}ommerce  in  the  district  consequent  on  the  open-  ' 
ing  of  the  riOroads,  that  the  returns  for  the  years  previous  to  1850  are 
in  round  numbers,  and  are  probably  very  fer  fi-oip  accurate,  while  those 
for  i860  and  1861  are  in  detail,  and  the  merchandise  is  valued  at  a  very 
low  raf;e;  so  much  sq,  that  if  the  vajuationjof  assorted  merchandise 
Nvere  made  according  to  the  rates  adopted  in  other  districts,  it  would 
raise  the  gross  amounjl:  to  a  sum  higher,  by  at  least  a  million  of  dcJlars^ 
than  that  exhibited  above.  - 

The  tonnage  enrolled  and  hcensed  in  the  district  is  1,986  tons  of 
steam,  676  tons  of  sail — em'ploying  126  men.     The  original  cost  ofthe' 
above  tonnage  was  $:^08,300.' 


\- 


/ 


t- 


J 

1 
Ik 

' 

# 

.  ^    # 

■f  ■  ■ 

*         A'  ■  - 

^ 

t 

■     1 

m  ' 

• 

^■1 

,r 


»/•» 


'.|; 
^ 


t\ 


I 


it, 

£^^ 

r  : 

1^^  -1  ( 

%■'      ': 

„    ■ 

U 

& 

,  '■. 

1 

■m; 

■i  -^ 

'.  ' 

L)'  t-i 


L 

1 

i 

.'".. 


i 


.,.  i 


'^.      I 


,_:^-^- 

,|1#°:., 


dx-:' 


.< 


>'i 


*r 


I 


*wP''. 


,  Imports  and  exports  in  American  vessels ^ $332,420 

Do  *  do        British  vessels 500,747 

Exported  foreign  goods  entitled  to  drawback—- 

Jn  American  vessels - $74,367 

'  Li  British  vessels - • 193,807 


Odods  not  entitled  to  drawback. 


Domestic  produce  and  manufactures 

In  American  ^ssels - 62,^9 

In  British  vessels - 199,661 

.     ,      Total  exports 

Imports  paying  duty — 

In  American  ygssels $18,305 

In  British  vessels, 63,727 

Qn  the  sea. 4^.... -w 9,425 


produce  i 
Free  g( 


$268,174 
96,42^ 

366,598 


252>05(> 

618^648 


Dntj  colleetfld, 

$3,732 

13,742 

1,893 


91,457 

bond 115,286 

7,775 


19,367 


imports , 214,518 


No.  4. — ^District  of  Caps  Vincent. 

Port  of  entry.  Cape  Vincent;  latitude  44°  06',  longitude  76°  81'; 
population  in  1830,  not  defined;  in  1 840, ,iiot  defined;  m  1860,  3,044. 

This  district,  commencing  at  Alexandria!,  on  the  southwestern  border 
of  Oswegatbhie,  extends  about  eleven  miles  southwesterly  up  the  St 
Lawrence,  to  the  outlet  of  Lake  Ontario,  and  Black  river  bay,  on  which 
Sackett's  Harbor  is  siljiated.  tJape  Vincent,  owing  to  the  sinuosities  and 
irregularities  of  its  shores,  has  a  coast  lineof  nearly  thirty-eight  miles,  and 
embraces  the  shipping  ports  of  Cape  Vincent,  Clayton,  ana  Alexandiia, 
which  are  for  the  most  part  mere  stopping-places  for  th^  lake  steam- 
ers plying  between  Montreal,  Ogdensburg,  arid  the  ports  of;  Lake  On- 
tario, which  todch  at  these  landing-places  to  procure  wood,  vegetables, 
milk,  and  x>ther  necessaries.  To  this  fact  is  owing  the  very  considera- 
ble amount  of  tonnage  entering  and  clearing  firom  these  little  ports^ 
though  it  is  at  once  evident  that  no  indication  is  thereby  a^orded  of  tlie 
actual  business  transacted  in  the  district^  ^  It  has  some  small  trade  with 
^ada4canried  on  principally  LI  skjfii  acrSlf^the  St.XawrCTice  and 
anoong  ^e  thousand  islands;  but.  if  there  be  any  coasting  traffic  at  all, 
it  id  so  slender  that  xio  returns  of  it  appear  to  have  been,  at  any  time, 
regularly  kept 

Cape  Vincent,  the  port  of  entry,  is  some  twelve  lo  thirteen  mifei 


from  Kings 
main  chann 
between  se^ 
the  channel 

•The  imports 
'    The  exports 

TotaJC 

Imports  fioni 
Exports  fi-ort 

Total  Canatl 
Do 

] 

The  Canad 
of  the  followir 

Total  c'anadii 
Do 

e  enrolle 


Imports  in  An 
Exports,  domes 

In  American  ve 

In  British  vessel 

Same  outwaj 

Nc 

Port  of  entry, 
population  »f  tov 


which  runs  almo 
round  Chaument 
at  Stony  Point,«a 
miles,  following  t 


,p*.% 


lit.  Doc.   181^'  yj 

between  seven  and  ei^ht  miles  flrrn<.rfi.r^- ?     f  *®  ,  9"«  ^and,  then 
jJbe  channel  on  the  AmSn  dJ^toCat  fe^^  ^^  ^  "^^  over 
.The  unports  from  Canada,  1851 . . . . 
The  exports  tq  Oanada,  1851 . .         •-■.-•■•-•-•-. 


over 

161,358 
S3,188 


Total  Canailian  commerce,  1851  — " -* 

• --••       94,546 


Imports  Gkm  Csmada,  1850. . 
*^xport8  from  Canada,  1850. . . 


•  o  «  «  ■  •  • 


Total  Canadian  commerce,  1850 
J^o        do        do        ]^65l'.y. 

Decrease.'. . 


«50,756 

•  • 69,284 

120,040 

94,546 

25,494 

of  .11:  M^t "ST"  "'"""  ^"'^  P'^"„„s  to  fl,e.e  y.„, „„ 

Total  Canadian  commerce  of  1849 
.  -"o        do  do  1848 --'-*-   ^«90,484 


Clearance«.i     Tom. 


439,930 
329,545 


110,385 


Canadian  Trade. 


Crew. 


19,207 
14,546 


Ijnports  in  American  vessels. . .               ggl  l/^«  :.  ' 

tiXports,  domesfip  n*«,i j      * '  -/ •  •»oi,JoS Jufy    *j  ojn 


te.. 


Exports,  domestic  pf^duce  and  mmlk^^rlf^ '^""y*  ^^'^''^ 

W         ^  '""^^^ $32,389 

JP*         ^  onnage  inteard. 

In  American  vessels,  696  sail 

in  ^ritish  vessels,  53  sail 427,457 

bameoutward.  '. V--- 12,473 

No.  5.~DisTBicT  OF  Sackett's  Harbob. 
^ig^^^o'^i^'"'^  ^30  55^  longitude  75o  57. 

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lA^GE  EVAUJATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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72 


H.  Doc.  136. 


shores.     It  Includes  the  shipping  places  of  Three-lMile  bay^  Chaument 
bay,  Point  Peninsula,  Dexter,  Pickett's  Harbor,  and  Henderson. 

Sackett's  Harbor,  the  principal  comntiercial  place  and  port  of  entry 
of  the  district,  is  situated  on  the  southwest  side  of  a  deep  -inlet  known 
as  Black  River  bay,  .at  about  eight  miles  distance  from  the  lake.  Ita 
bay  and  harbor  are  well  situated  for  shelter  and  defence.  .The  harbor 
is  by  far  the  b^t  on  Lake  Ontario  for  ship-building,  and  as  a  nayal 
and  commerciifl  depot.  A  crescent  of  land  stretches  off  from  the 
lower  part  of  the  viilage,  forming  an  inner  and  outer  harbor.  The 
latter  has  a  depth  of  water  sufficjgpt  lor  the  largest  ships-of-war  within 
two  fathoms  of  the  shore.  The  same  depth  of  water  extends  to  Black 
river,  where  there  is  another  excellent  position  for  ship-building.  . 

The  first  settlement  ot'  this  place  was  made  in  1801 ;  it  aflvaficed 
little  until  the  commencement  of  the  last  English  war,,  when  it  jpecmme 
a  considerable  naval  and  military  depot;  but,  since  the  prt^ni^lgation 
of  peace  in  1814,  it  has  made  httlc  comparative  imprbvcm^t,;  other 
points  possessing  superior  advantages  of  position  as  regards  artificial 
routes,  by  railroads  and  canals,  having  diverted  from  "it  a  portion  of  its 
business,  although  it  still  maintains  its  commercial  character.  The  ad- 
jacent country  is  a  fine  agricultural  region,  and  its  abundant  water- 
power  renders  it  well  adapted  to  the  growth  of  manufacturing  enter- 
prise, while  Watertown,  a  few  miles  inland,  is  a  flourishing  town,  well 
situated  on  the  Black  river.  Still,  in  spite  of*these  advantages,  the 
commerce  of  Sackett's  Harbor  has  been  on  the  decline  for  some  years ; 
whether  on  account  of  the  exhaustion  of  lunt^ber  resources,  or  the  diver- 
sion of  supplies  for  the  inland  home  consumption,  and  of  agricultural 
produce  for  export,  from  the "  coast  trade  to  canal  and  railroad  transt 
portation,  does  not  sufficiently  appear.  At  all  events,  the  declared, 
value  of  the  commerce  of  the  district  has  materially  declined,  as  will' 
be  seen  from  the  following  table,  since  1846. 

The  other  small  towns,  mentioned  above,  are  used  to  a  trifling  extent 
as  landing-places  for  iifiported  merchandise,  and  for  shipment  of  pro- 
duce, by  the  surrounding  inhabitants,  to  the  extent  of  their  own  wants 
and  conveniences,  but  not  in  such  amounts  as  to  render  them  worthy 
of  any  notice  as  commercial  depots. 


Coastwise   imports 

Foreign   imports 

Coastwise  exports 

Foreign  exports 

Total ^ 


Declared  values 
for  1846. 


$1,550,909 

1<851 

1,106,986 

75,345 


A7g5,fl91 


Declared  values 
for  lci47. 


Declared  values 
for  1851. 


$1,257,823 
3,891 

841,478 
38,253 


$497,809 
%   66,118 
303,258 
'  21,980 


2^141.445  ^,  879,165 


Some  ffitUKTof  the  above  deterioration  may  be,  perhaps,  ascribed  to 
a  discrepancy  in  the  valuation  of  articles ;  but  it  is  hardly  probable  that 
•the  result,  as  a  whole,  can  be  «j^tributed  to  such  a  ^ause;  nor  is  it 

\ 


V    ».  Bdc.   136.  ^3 

jec^sary  to- 8**  fe-  for  reasons    smr.*.  ♦»,  •    '  ^' ■ 

;eaches   us  that  the   places^S   JSslt:  S^"'"''  of  every  day 
transmission  ajrf  transportation  of  producenn^T  ^^^^^est^  facUities  of 

.ae.  ^d  ta.e  at  ^«vanta.rre"^rS*;:^^^^^^^^ 

^a^':tS^^SekS1fa;K^^.^^^^^  -<^  Oswe^ 
boa«twise  traffic;  while  it  ira^ceJ^ain  l?"^  ^°^r"  {^  P'^^^""  ^^  «« 
Woduco  which  formferly  sought  a  m^Tetv.^  T"^  f '^'''  Agricultural 
Ue  ultimate  destination  inCl  vTa^tn  J     }^  •^^^''  "°^  «^«-^ks  the 

Such  are  the  revolutions  irT  ^"*^  railroad, 

brogress  of  tlie  times;  the  risult'bSLT'.l ''''"'?" '■"^'  ^^  «"cJ>  the 
lent  to  be  stationary,  and  do  not  eSv,r  ^,^«?|^  P^'^c^s  which  are  con- 
lient,  enterprise,  and  Energy  of  the  time«  ^^''P.^P  ^^^^'^  ^^^  "^ove- 

U  any  natural  adva^tages^i^J^  to  ttm ?  i  "^"^^^  ^etrobrade;  nor 
berity  and  success.^      ^  ^'^  *^'^"  ^  ^ong  monopoly  of  pros- 

j  The  following  taofe  wilfbo  o  «;  • 

Uation  of  the%hanges  aUuded  to^"/  '"^  ^^"^'^3' some  idea  as  to  the 
fffected  thereby:,       ^  ^"^  ^"^  '^^'^^e,  and  the  class  of  articles 


Artideg. 


Lumber. 
Staves . . 
Shingles 
Vshes  .  \ 
h)rk : .  A 


1847. 


-thousand  feet. 

•  thousand  . . 

...do ; 

•  barrels 


pats. . . 
sarley. 
lorn  . . 


•  do. 


1851. 


•  bushels  . . 
-.do.... 


-do. 


■„„       ji  do.. 

[eas  and  beans j^ 

Potatoes.. J   '*■ 

flour u'   *Vi"' 

barrels. 

' -w  .do. . . 


pdianmeal ,\" 

•utter ""         „       , 

heese.      --.pounds..., 

)ooi....: ■ f 

I„-       -^ do... 

pgu-on _  

eather... 


Jiestic  spirits 

^-     ^Woollens .' 
^0.      cottons . . . 


tons 

pounds 

gallons. 


4,406 
919 
371 
420 
339 
37,583 
80,678 
41,624 
•    4,926 
3,553 
1,860 
788 
4,141 
850,000 
9,706 
64,800 
2,021 
17,600 


•^ 


.".  .yards 
y^rds 


Total  estimated  value 


86,240" 
66,250 
334,000 


2,896 
25 
67 
0     366 
145 
34,068 
62,895 
42,581 
6,402 
7,173 
970 
169 

161,600 

1,344 

11,400 

732 

1.600 


'     *»' 


*.'■ 


'f 


9a 


■■l 


■  'i   .' 


\p^  ?'.  '    ■■    /fit 


■r 


... . ,  .1-  ( I  ji 


1 


l\^ 


74 


H.  Doc.   ISe. 


For  the  same  yeaw  the  importatiotis  of  some  few  articles  of  coast. 
wiL  trade  were  as  foUows;  md  beyond  this  there  is  no  more  to  be  | 
Zed  concrrning  this  district,  unless  it  be  to  point  out  that  m  mi 
t^e  exerts  to  Canada  consisted  of  barley,  oats,  corn,  VegetiU^b, 
-cheeseCchhiery,  and  manufactures;  whife  in  1860  and  1861,  floj 
wS'aXege^bles  were  imported  from  that  country,  together  w.J 
Sals      The  Canadian  trade  has  augmented  somewhat,  while  tkj 
coasting  trade  has  decreased. 

Coastwise  Importatiotis. 


Fruit...., barrels... 

Salt.....-^: do...., 

Flour ;•   uT* 

Wheat.... bushels.  .. 

bales 

;;;''/.;;.''. do 

Gypsum do 

CoaK do.. 

i^es pounds 


Cotton 
Wool. 


'<. 


1,369 

11,984 

1,166 

16,266 

361 

231 

430 

340 

26,160 


1,501  li 

37,89» 
I* 


^^^1,25« 

33,9«« 


The  steam  tonnage  enrolled  in  the  J^k;  June  30,  1851, 
tons,  and  sail  tonnage  6,768.  '^^^ 


was; 


Yean. 


1861  . .  . 
1860  . .  . 

Difference. 


Entrie*. 


684 
737 


Toni. 


348,438 
328,126 


68 


Crewi. 


14,706 
13,624 


20,312 


1,082 


Clearan- 
ce!. 


Tans. 


679 
761 


72 


347,394 
332,433 


14,961 


Canadian  Trade  in  1861. 

Imports — American  vessels $56,118 ;  duty,  $16 

Exports — American  vessels $21,980 


rancea  and  Clea 


rORKlOir   tKA 


t«. 


H 

14,8 

33 

13,61 

51 

« 

H.  Doc.  J3^^^i?f^  7^ 

tra^e,  and  aearances,  Dutrict  t^Sacke^^xriat,  Nc^,  Tori,  durinsr 

the  uear  ^Rlil  '.  '  o 


the  year  1861^ 


No.  reatela. 


lORBIOir  tUAM. 


h  .  ■   ■ 

itered— American  vessels . 

British do... 

[leared — American  vessels. 

British do... 


Tom. 


h 


MeOv 


Boys. 


TnraiERADx. 


sred—Nunster  of  vessels . 
jred— ..do .do.... 


200  163,816  66  6,836 

31  2,994  00  193 

207  1^2^760  91  6,834 

31  ±994  00  193 

463  181,626  61  6,982 

441  181,639  46  6,036 


849 
340 


347 
347 


No.  6. — District  OF  Oswego.  « 

Port  of  entry,  Osv^eeo;  latitude  43°  25',  lonriturlf.  7fio  i-y* 

T  '."  JS?'  2.70^ -*840,  4.665;  in  1850  ?2  205  '  ^^ 

fess^^s^  ^SSS  W^-^ 

reat  busiiess  marts  of  the  S  wS  ""po^tance  among  the 

«.ndly.  a^hX^ich^uid  if  a  '^«r^''^^  ""I*  O^ensburg; 

«dy  siure  and  accessihirm  til         ^  ^"'P*'"'^  ^^  rendered  per- 

hter;  an?  Sv  Tnir  '  f  "^"^'*  P"">^  °»  ^^«  ^^^s  to  tide! 


»  .     ' 


•? 


W 


r 


76 


H.  Uoc.   136. 


The  city  of  Oswego,  port  of  entrt,  and  capital  of  Oswego  couni: 
New  York,  lies  160  rtiQes  WNW^  of  Albany,  373  from  Washington ;  \v,i 
incorporated  in  1828 ;  and  is  situate  on  both  sides  of  the  Oswego  rivtr 
copnected  by  a  bridge  700  feet  long.     It  extends  to  the  lake  shoro. 

The  harbor,  next  to  thatof  Sackett's  Harbor,  is  the  best  on  the  south 
side  of  Lake  Ontario.  It  is  formed  by  a  pier  or  mole  of  wood,  fil 
with  stone,  1,269  feet  long  on  the  west  side  of  the  harbor,  and  ^ 
feet  on  the  east  side,  with  an  entrance  between  them.  The  Mai 
within  the  pier  has  a  depth  of  from  12  to  20  feet.  The  cost  of  this  w 
was  $93,000.  It  is  among  the  earliest  improvements  of  lake  har! 
undertaken  by  the  government,  having  been  commenced  in  1827. 

The  protection  anticipated  from  these  works  has  not  fallen  sliort 
what  was  expected;  but  the  piers,  being  built  of  cribs  of  timber,  fi 
with  stone,  began  to  decay  so  early  as  1833;  Some  steps  were  t;i 
in  the  year  1837  to  replace  the  old  work  with  permanent  structure 
masonry,  but  these  were  soon  discontiniied,  and  what  remains  is  rapii 
going  to  ruin,  with  the  exception  of  600  feet  of  the  west  pier,  whict 
well  built  of  stone  and  is  in  good  condition. 

It  is  calculated  that  for  the  moderate  sum  of  $207,371  these  \vo 

can  be  secured  and  improved  in  the  following  manner,  so  as  to  nm 

the  harbor  perfectly  secure  and  of  easy  access  to  the  largest  clas, 

vessels  in  use  on  the  lakes : 

*     1.  By  rebuilding  the  whole  pier-line  in  substantial  solid  masonry. 

2.  By  enlarging  and  strengthening  the  west,  or  hght-house,  pier-li 
and  defending  it  by  a  five-gun  battery. 

3.  By  removing  the  gravel  and  dcposites  within  the  piers,  which 
become  a  barrier  to  the  entrance  of  the  inner  and  outer  harbors, 
an  original  deposite  by  the  litt(yral  currents  of  the  lake,  not  cmiscd  or 
creased  hy  the  piers.     Once  removed,  it  can  never  return  while  the 
stand. 

The  principal  harbor-light  is  on  the  pier-head  on  th«  west  side  of 
entrance.  The  tonnage  of  the  port  in  1840  was  8,346  tons;  byw 
paring  which  with  the  present  tonnage,  as  given  below,  the  general 
crease  of  the  port  will  oe  readily  seen. 

The  population  of  the  town  is  about  13,000  persons. 

The  Oswego  canal,  formed  principally  by  improvement  of  the  nai 
course  of  the  rivef,  passes  through  the  greaj  salt  districts  of  the  S 
at  Salina  and  Liverpool,  to  Syracuse,  where»it  connects  with  the ' 
canal  from  Albany  to  Buffalo.     Oswego  is,  therefore,  the  great  ( 
for  the  western  exportation  of  domestic  salt.     The  Syracuse  and 
wego  rail>vay  connects  the  city  with  Syracuse,  and  thence  with  Alb 
Buffalo,  New  York,  and  Boston.     It  is  distant  from  Rochester,  by  1 
65  miles,  and  from  Sackett's  Harbor  40  miles.    The  rapid  incrca* 
thfe  commerce  of  Oswego  is  aptly  illustrated  by  the  following  tal 
exhibiting  the  traffic  in  some  of^the  leading  articles  of  indportation 
lake  during  three  years  j ■ ~- — - — - 


and  beans. . . 


[he  annexed  figur 
fcles  were  receivci 


H.  Doc.   13«. 


77 


ArtteleA 


1849. 


^^ barrels 

}^^^ bushels 

(( 

pey «« 

.............  <' 

■............_       " 

and  beans. ...     " 

barrels 

fi-. ...........       «< 

les. , u 

^ber feet 


1850. 


1851. 


317,758 
3,615,677 
383,230 
65,286 
31,426 
133,697 
24i012 
35,098 
20,375 
'10,872 
51,101,432 


302,577 

3,847,384 

426,121^ 

120,652 

-     86,439 

113,463 

25,068 

6,789 
11,435 

67,586,985 


389,929 
4,231,899 
1,251,500 
,    194,858 
V  106,518 
175,984 
63,634 
27,950 
15,854 
4,479 
83,823,417 


[he  annexed  figures  will  show  what  portions  of  some  nf^h.    u 
[les  were  receded  from  Canada  duriS^  the  same  pTrioS:        ^^'^' 


Articles. 


1849. 


Ir barrels 

pt bushels 

" 

Jtoes " 

jber feet 

M barrels 

pr pounds 

........  «» 


198,623 
623,920 
16,044 
55,700 
16,322 
6,648 
44,137,287 
2,235 
115,759 
97,141 


1850. 


1851. 


.  260,874 
1,094,444 
7,499 
90,156 
22,380 
10,372 
50,685,682 
1,580 
225,087 
77,941 


259,875 
670,202 
53,950 
78,771 
60,335 
11,496 
62,527,843 
584 
75,000 
82,908 


U^els  of  Lur,  .hW^wW^ t^td^dT^^^^^ 

ling  that  of  the  remaininp  2  5'^'^  r,ftfi  i     ^^  ^'^"/^  888,131  barrels,^ 

"  "_!°°^°°:^'^"'--r°'''hi'  district  iBe^,ir,2:i°W  i^^'X 


ts  paying  duty; . . 

tsboiuledand free. .' S435,l6p 

^  '---.^vi..  1,349,269 


Total  fqreign,  imports. 


1,784,412 


^ 


m 


■      '   >":  I'  ■  34'    >!  'I 

-     V,<V;;iit  'J 


r.  \:y^^i 


\  / 


,\i     't' 


]  tit     -^        ""  ' 

'  1 


.^'=\.' 


r^ 


H.  Doc.   186. 


:.  ^      Exports  of  foreign  merchandise -  -  -  -  ^^J J'^00  ^ 

txporls  of  domestic  merchandise A'ivi,vii. 

,  Total  exports  to  Canada • tS.SO?,?!! 


Total  foreign  commerce. 


4,993j 


This,  it  should  be  observed,  amounts  to  very  nearly  one-half  the  m 
Canadian  commerce  with  the  United  States  Owmg  to  the  largep 
Dortion  of  Canadian  produce  entered  m  bond,  the  amount  of  duties( 
Ccled  is  comparatively  smaU,  when  contrasted  wuh  that  receu's, 
other  districts ;  but  this  fact  renders  the  trade  none  the  less  valuable! 

?hf"whole  amount  of  duties  collected  in  Oswego,  in  1861, 
$89,760,  whUe  there  was  assessed  and  secured  on  Y»e  property  entd 
in  bond  the  further  sura  of  $226,937,  makm^  a  total  of  $366,697  di| 
assessed  on  property  entered  at  the  port  ol  Oswego  durmg  they 

The  coastwise  imports  at  the  port  of  Oswego,  fat  the  year 

1851,  amounted  to • 'J'J^^ 

Coastwise  exports  of  1861 ^...r^'i- ii,4/i| 


Total  coastwise. 
Add  foreign  commerce. 


Total  1861. 


17M 
4,992, 


The  enrolled  and  licensed  tonnage  of  the  district  amounts  to  21J 
tons  sail,  and  4,381  tons  steam,  being  an  aggregate  of  26,323  tonU 

The  whole  number  of  entrances  and  clearances  tor  the  yeari»i 
below: 


Yean. 


1861. 
1860. 


Increaw. 


Entnnces. 


3,318 
3,004 


314 


Toni. 


721,383 
656,406 


64,997 


S8.167 
24,032 


4,125 


CleannoM. 


3,196 
2,77f 


427 


"^- 


686,793 
604,159 


81,634 


The  enroUed  tonnage  for  1840,  was  8,346;  for  1846,  16,613| 
1847,  18,460 ;  for  1848, 17,391 ;  and  for  1861,  26,323  tons.         I 

The  value  of  the  commerce  of  Oswego,  for  several  years,  hasi 
declared  as  foUows:  in  1846,  $10,602,980;  in  1847,  $18,067,819j 
in  1861,  $22,646,330. 


J-Jia..^.^.^^..^^  .. 


V^*  H.  Doc.    J  86. 

/  CANADIAN  TRADE  IN  1861. 
Imports. 
American  vessels — 

Ir^-'-y :::::::::::::::::   *S 

"'^^ 9,613 

British  vessels — 

In  bond , .... 

Paying  duty .'.'.'.*.'*' 

Free 


79 


$380,765 


■  t-v 


1,137,308 

260,941 

5,398 


Total 


imports. 


1,403,647 
1,784,412 


Exports  foreign  produce  and  manufactures. 


Briush  vessels 170,603  63,379  111^77 


261,135 


89,760 


•  654,765 


'  In  this  are  included — 

pa  I 

offee'  .".*." .' * o?o'???  pounds,  valu^23,067 

<*oy,512  pounds,  value     *'37,220 

460,277 


Exports  domestic  produce  and  manufactures. 

American  vessels 

I  British  vessels  .        tl,190,048 

1,100,860 


2,291,911 


i   i   '■«»■, 


'"«■.■ 

';, 

■r.' 

, 

^ 

'''..^     .-«*;4i 

i 

^. 


^ 


80  H.  DoQ.  lis. 

Immrtiat  the  Dutrict  of  Oswego,  coastwUe,  during  the  year  ending  Z)^  J 

'        trmier  31,  1861.  1 


Articles. 


Fish .-...,. . . . . . ,., . ..  .barrels. 

Ashes — ^pot  and  pearl casks. 

Lumber -  •  -  -feet . 

Staves  and  heading M. 

Laths M. 

Shingles M. 

Wheat bushels. 

Flour  . . ; ..barrels . 

Barley bushels . 

Rye do... 

Oats J do. . . 

Corn   : do... 

Potatoes   do . .  ^ 

Peas  and  beans do . . . 

Apples barrels. 

Peaches baskets . 

Butter , .  .packages . 

Cheese do. . . . 

Pork barrels . 

Hams  and  bacon casks. 

Lard packages . 

Beef barrels . 

Tallow \ do . . . 

Hides number. 

Sheep-pelts bundles . 

Wool pounds . 

Eggs barrels , 

Beeswax do 

Horses  number . 

Cattle  do... 

Grass-seed casks . 

Hemp bales . 

Hops do. . 

Malt bushels . 

Tobacco hhds . 

Broom-corn bales . 

Whiskey,.... * barrels. 

Ale  and  porter do. . . 

Dry  ^[oods boxes . 

Furniture packageg. 

"Paper  and^X)ks.v..."....Bun<fies; 

Leather rolls . 

Paint ■ barrels. 

Salseratus casks. 


QuaBtity: 


335 

-3;8l5'' 

21,295,674 

1,799 

1,179 

1,423 

3,561,697 

130,05r% 

171,347 

62,568 

97,213 

1,251,306 

4,874 

3,202 

-  3,327 

451 

4,029 

3,888 

27,950 

10,666 

22,208 

15,940 

447 

•     7,090 

272" 

42,400 

702 

67 

50 

15 

406 

266 

377 

7,955 

282 

300 

2,619 

200 

251 

246 

365 

1,108 

1,276 

132 


Value. 


9'7,:i:;] 

213,wJ 

8,991 

4.7)1 

3,o.};f 

2,849,:j^.i 

620,iii ; 

102,soi  ■ 

26,2^t| 

29,1^ ' 

02-i,(Ji 

2,# 

m 


H.   Doc.   136. 

Impart,,  coa,twUe,  at  tU  Diurict  of  0«veg<^^ 


81 


Articlei. 

I  Glass , 

loil  cake.V. •  •  •^''- ' 

Lard  oil... V-^^f- 

Candles  ..    ' ^f^"^^' 

fe  (pig  and  scrapy.:;;-;.-;.  Cs! 

jLime-stone'!".  ■.'.".'.'. ^P" 

(Corn-brooms  -  -"o. . 


Quantity. 

303 
633 
2,433 
685 
550 
•279 
1,300 
799 
G40 
126 
300 


ontmued. 


Value. 


Total. 


$^,763 
606 
25,320 
72,990 
2,740 
16,500 
1,116 
6,50Q 
3,196 
1,280 
252 
6,000 
36,532 

6,083,036 


Exports,  constwise,  from  the   D'lotri^t  ^r  n 


^ish 

.imber  V. '.V. ^*;'^^ 

TV    ^        barrels. 

jr^^ barrels 

.tierces 

r^k" number. 

V  ',"" barrels 

^ams  and  bacon easks. 

^ooL packages 

PdesandVkins'::* "^Z 

3tton V       J   •- 

tobacco-' ,  ,    '"^  1' ' ,°--  • 


^-r-rw  >  .  .  i-i:^?:, 


62o 
148,300 
2,727 
2,500 
7,500 
6,616 
603 
150 
595 
1,014 
144 
16,495 
100,581 
111,873 


S""^  '"'■pontine ..... .barrels.' 

rch boxes. 

• pounds. 


97,125 

'        650 

1,350 

550 

196,286 


$70,752 
13,125 
1,668 
10,908 
2,000 
3,750 
8,317 
15,075 
12,0Q0 
8,925 
20,280 
1,296 
3,409 
12,189 
10,069 


11,666 

26,100 

20,260 

2,200 

n,7l7 


•    •••■f^ 


f    •■.VI 


^•' 


.5   1 


,t.f. 


82 


I        •■: 


H.  Doc.   186.  ^  \' 

Export*,  coastwise,  /ram  the  District  of  gsmgo-^onlinued. 


^"IStkle: 


Quantity. 


Furniture - »" ;  * '" ' 

Pianos - number. 

Wagons  and  -carriages do . . . 

Tobacco  : -  -  -• ^^^^  ■ 

Snuff. .- -J^»- 

Ground  gypsum. . -.^  •  barrels . 

Water  lime <|"-  •  ■ 

Salt - 'I""' 

Leather pounds. 

Bpots  and  shoes . .  - -  -  • 

Hals -  -  - -  ■  •  • 

Drugs,  &c *« 

Glass,  glass-ware, and  earthenware. 

iRailroad  iron tons . 

Bar  and  other  iron '.---  -do-  - 

Pig  and  scrap  iron do. . 

Steel pounds. 

Nails  and  spikes : \.do . . . 

Stoves  and.  castings -\\^^^- 

Hardware VC>  •  - 

Tin .........b^fe^ 

Sugaf^. .  - pounds. 

Mwasses  — ; 

"Pga chests . 

Coffee  ... ..--.. pounds. 

Cod .'. .......'....,..  -tons. 

Books  and  paper -  - '- 

Sundries.  —  - , j»  -  ....--•  — 


43 

98 

'       860 

475 

6,498 

I  16,101 

370,601 

160^00 


Total. 


43,429 

3,117 

1,267 

416,400 

3,693,631 

i,^6 


1,040 

9,961,000 

■» 

1,440^ 
3,360,799 
3,213 


J^ 


Value. 


$.29,250 
gr,900| 
'13,3C» 
34,00(1 

^    1,900! 

^  4,Sli 

16,101 

.  328,941 

3O,00(j 

30,OUi) 

16,0W 

16,00\  I 

147,13} 

l,737,l(il| 

■  249,36() 

37,99: 

62,311 

143,74j 

11,0S« 

1G,30«  1 

6,300| 

677,2/i| 

98,11 

43,21 

338,0S( 

16,0 

18,.)0I| 

7,073,52i 


11,471,0:J 


No.  7. — District  of  Genbsbb. 

Port  ofv^atry,  Rochester;  latitude  43°  08',  longitude  77°  61' ;  pop^ 
ulauon  inl830,  9,207  ;  in  1840,  20,191 ;  in  1860,  36,403.  H 

TSie  Genesee  district  has  a  very  limited  commerce  except  r- 
Canada;  with  eighty  mUes  of  coast  it  has  but  on6  shipping  rIi 
which  is  situated  at  the  mouth  of  the  Genesee  river,  at  a  distail- 
-rfwot  three  miles  from  Rochester  city.    The  passM^e  of  the  t^rie  c 
and  a  parallel  line  of  raihoad  through  the  entire  length  ot  the  disti 
but  a  few  miles  distant  from  the  coast,  offei-mg  better  facihties  lor  I 
tranjjtoortation  of  Jiassengers  and  merchandise,  whether  eastward! 
westward,  than  the  lake  can  afford,  confines  the  commerce  of  the  r" 
entirely  to  Canadiairtrade.    Rochester  is  well  situate<il  on  the  Ms  ol 


.    H.  i)oc.   186. 


88 


Genesee,  which  are  thrtw.  m  «.,^u'      '  . .         ."" 
,t!JShin  the  cit;  iS  :  "X^'/l«"  ^^me  descent  of  368 
th^^e  of  wateripower.  apphcublf  f «^  ''  "nlounded  resources  in 
and  apphed  arirelv  to  fhn  pPPV^'^ole  to  most  manufacturiniy  n„r^ 

,   Vhea/iiipped  fy Lna    Lm^":§- ?"r^«« 5  ^^«>reSer  /aSTf^ 

It  ocdupies  both  siHp«  nr  t».«    •  rt'^".  "J^ 

1.502  ind/viduals.    in  1830  t  h/7'''  °"^  '^^^l'  ^  Population  in  Ifion     r 

,   and  in  1850  Jo  30.4^^^  Tii^  TT'^  »«  9.269^,  in    840^  20  J'gf      '  , 
rated  in  1817.     It  wnL  tt  J      j  "  ^^^  ^^^^  out  as  a/villa»r*>  J„^-     '^^^»        / 

'  occonvnn  r     ^#'^^redasacitvin1S^rLi.c^ '.*^^*ncDrpo- 

Exports " '  *  *         , ,  _ 


'   •^.  If-:-  .1 


'M 


.'{• 


Total.-. 


1850.  Imports 

Exports 


.*•  .•  • 


I  In  1861. 
1850. 


Increase . . 


"m  t  . 


,    £49,040 
913,654 

•_^62^ 

a  ■ 

«96,283 
326,89a 

_i2ia82 

«962,694 
422,18» 


:!-!!:[!!r!!^-<^e„^^^ 


Tm^. 


^*^-      11  Clearttoet. , 


*•'•■ 


Toiu. 


1851 


lf«nu 


7,997 


^'^       212,794!    7 


997 


Exported  to  Canada. 
1  British  v^els,  foreign  ..^  ''".         ^ ■      MM::m^-.m, 

'^^■s^i&-£^-^. -^z  ■mm 


i  I  ■*-  .■     .?<   Vivv.si  I 


-^ 


.r^ 


m 

HH 

B; 

BB 

»i 

H|| 

% 

' '  w 

I'l 

!    " 

,1^ 

1  ri 

i 

,'H 


84 


H.   Doc.  136. 

ImporteeL/rom  Canada. 


In  American  vessels ,. ^^,456 

la  British  vessels ^. ^^'^^^ 

49,040 


Duty  collected. 

$1,765 

8,773 


10,63S 


No;  8.— District'  op  Niagara. 


pop- 


Port  ot  entry,  Lewistbn;  laUtude  43«  09',  longitude  7is« 
i^°«  ;«  iftqo  1^28-  in  1840,  2,633;  in  1850,  2,92% 
"^Sltric^'embfa^  aU  the  lake'coast  of  Ontario,  from  the  Oak 
OrSd  creStoTe  mouth  of  the  Nia.^a,  and  thence  JP^th^t  "ver  to 
S  fX  on  the  American  side,  and  incWs  the  ports  of  Oak  Orchard 
Creek  Olcott,  and  Wilson,  on  the  lake  shore,  Lewiston  and  Youngstmvn 
^n  the  riverand  an  office  of  customs  at  the  suspension  bridge  which 
crosses  the  Niagara,  at  three  miles'  distance  below  the  alls. 

There  is  a^ry  considerable  trade  from  Buffalo  passing  through  tins 
district  to  Canada,  across  the  suspension  bridge;  especiaUy  m  the 
Ser  seLon,  at  wiiich  time  it  is  by'^far  the  better  route,  on  account  ot 
SSoad  communication  from  the  Ms,  which  were,  m  former  years. 
ijenerally  considered  as  the  head  of  navigation. 
^  At  that  time  the  trade  of  the  Niagara  district  was  of  the  greatest  im- 
portance; but  since  art  and  science  have  opened  new  channels  ot  coir. 
Sunicati^n  on  either  side  of  that  great  natural  obstacle,  the  field  ot 
commercial  operations  has  been  narrowed  down  to  the  supply  of  the 
local  wants  of  the  circumjacent  country.  ^,     .         „.  „.cii ., 

Lewiston,  the  port  of  entry  and  principal  place  of  business,  as  well  o> 
the  largest  town  ot  the  district,  is  situated  on  the  east  side  ot  the  Niagara 
.river,  seven  mUes  above  its  mouth,  opposite  to  Queenstown,  Canada, 
•with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  ferry.  It  has  a  population  olabour  | 
3,060  persons,  and  communicates  y^ith  Buffalo  ^ndLockport  by  rail- 
ways, and  with  Hamilton,  Toronto,  Oswego,  stnd  Ogdensl)urg,  during 
Ihe  summer  season,  by  daily  steamers.     It  caxries  on  some  valuable 

traffic  with  Canada.  , .  .    u 

The  district  is,  as  yet,  rather  barren  of  internal  improvements,  haying 
.for  their  object  the  connecting  the  circumjacent  regions  with  the  lake  j 
and  river;  for  there  is  but  one  railway  passmg  through  it,  which  has 
Buffido  and  Lockport  for  its  .respective  termmi.  One  or  two  other 
'roads,  however,  are  in  process  of  construction,  designed  to  connect 
Rochester  and  Canandalgua  with  the  great  western  railway  through 
Canada,  as  it  is  intended,  by  means  of  a  second  suspension  bridge 
across  the 'Niagara,  near  Lewiston.  , 

—    It  »,  however,  artiuestion  witfa^  many  minds  whether  it  will  ^W 
siUe  to  construct  a  bridge  upon  this  principle  sufficiently  steady  and 
firm  tb  admit  of  the  passage  of  a  locomotive  \vith  a  heavy  train.    MA 
be  this  as  it  may,  there  wOl  be  no  difficulty,  it  is  probable,  m  making 
ithe  transit  in  single  cars,  by  horse-power.    It  seems  somewhat  remark- 
table  that,  while  &"  success  of  railroad  communication  by  means  ot  sm 


H.  Doc.  136.  Q^ 

near  th/mouth  of  the  ChippeSfa  creeT  whfch    ''"ff  k^"^°J?  ^'^^  "^e; 
would  imagine,  by  means  of  stone  S  Id  Ln°"^^  ^^  ^.^^"^^^'  «ne 
nsk  or  diiBculty.     siiould  the  Susp?nsion^Inn  T  'P^''  "^"^""^  g^^^t 
^^^le.  It  IS  probable  that  the  iron  tuC^brfd^'iT'^''''  P^^ve  unfea- 
estabhshed  m  .Great  Britain  on  the  Conwav  f^^^^^^^^       '°  triumphtoUy 
be  adopted,    ^o  that  it  may  be  ahnost  31^1'^''  ^^^^"«'  ^'^^^«'  ^fi 
agara  district  will  very  short!  v  ]ZZ1  '^^'^^^^n^  predicted  that  the  Ni- 
ea^tern  and  western  7h:rou^t,'':^t:ni  '^l'"'''  1  "  ^^^^^^t 
cjaj  commerce  overL^d.  afd  n^^^  ^^e:^^^ ^^J^^ 

sumpS  wiTanl,r^^^^^  ^f'  Ontario,  destined  for  con- 

around  the  falls  of  tfc  NWa  ^^Z'^"'"  Lewiston  across  the  portage 
cellent  hnrUr..  o.  t  _  -..^^^^'^?-ia"e  noble  river  if^^ir  «<c.j/_'  "^^ 


f, 


;f;f:^' 


.'  I. 


around  the  MsofX  nIL^  «, '"'"'"  .Y^^'""  "er--  the  ^r^~ 


water,  whch  extend  ui  some  dS,crd^^l"',%™P*.  """^  ''"'k^n 

are  mere  local  places  for  Ztnt  rf  dome«ir''  "'^'^  '^^^d 
he  reccp,  „(  merchandise.    L  de&i,eTe^^;LT'"^.P"^'"^«>  '^ 

X^  «Z;ir  *''• '' '» -  P-'^^'-'^otTist^e'll'S^^^ 

-    -"™  "f  ■»=  com„,eree  of  U.s  dis^ic.  prove  i.  .„  be  as  ^oUows- 


•  .*  .■ 


'-    I,   '  . .  •    . ', 


,«l    s 


,1.'  ' 


Total  imports. 


8103,985 
236,684 


-*  « •  ^  ,,  4  7 


Exports  to  Canada,  foreiirn 

domestic  produce, 
coastwise 


Total  exports. . . 
Grand  total 


J40^    $340,669 

$150,023 
426,023 
433,634 

1,019,418 


Total  foreign  commerce 
Total  coastwise  commerce ! 


1,019,418 

1,360,087 

1689,769 
670,318 


lotal  commerce  of  the  cUstrict  *  

1,360,087 


^,. 


"W 


.A 


lint 


ae  H.  Doc.   136.  \ 

The  tonnage  employed  in  this  district  for  the  following  years,  was: 


Tears. 

EntnmceB. 

"-^ — ~ 

Tom. 

Men. 

ClearanceB. 

Tom. 

Men. 

1861...- 
1850... 

990 
903 

427,968 
358,048 

21,188 
16,960 

990 
903 

427,968 
358,048 

21,188 

16,950 

Increase 

87 

69,920 

4,238 

87 

69,920 

4,238 

The  enrolled  and  licensed  tonnage  of  this  district  for  1851,  was: 

Steam •" 100  tons. 

Sail 505   « 


Total  tonnage. 


605   « 


The  increase  in  thiS  district  will  be  seen  by  a  glance  at  the  follow- 
ang  tables :  "^ 

Enrolled  shipping  for  the  year  1838 119  tons.  ,. 

«     1843 112    " 

«     1848 730    " 


(( 

(t 

(( 

tt 

it 

(( 

« 

t( 

« 

««     1861. 


.606 


The  foreign  commerce  for  the  yeftrs  1847,  1850,  and  1851,  compare 

as  folbws :  ^  / 

1847.        -S^      1850. 

Exports,  domestic >  ^^^^^^^    ^^f.'TA 

"        foreign >  65,464 

Imports  from  Canada 18,016         363,964 


1851. 

$426,761 
169,023 
103,985 


184,566  679,492 


689,767 


Canadian  trade  in  1851. 

Imports.  Duty  coUefifi  | 

In  American  vessels $42,116        $7,854 

In  British  vessels 61,870        12,102 


103,986         19,957 


Exports — ■/bfeign  goods. 

Entitled  to  drawback.  Not  entitled  to  drawbwL  | 

TT A^mCTTcan  ve88eTs7:T7r:77777. .  $24,722  $32,052^ 

In  British  vessels 75,242  28,007 


99,964 


60,069 


American  ste 


*v 


■■r?y      H.  Doc.  136. 

Export*— dmestic  produce  and  manufacture. 


In  American  vessels . 
In  British  vessels. . . 


87 


S212,924 
213,837 

426,761 


Total  exports  and  imports  in  American  vessels.  ftqi i  qiq 

Total  exports  and  imports  in  British  vessels '.!!".".''/.;     378,956 

690,769 


Statement  oj  men  and  tonnage  employed  in  the  Canadian  trade  with  this 

district. 


American  steamboats o  aro  w. 

«,        „„•!  ,        -tf,yus  men. 

sail  vessels ^      gg     a 

Total  Americans  in  foreign  trade.  .3,034     " 

Foreign  steam  vessels .^9^9  men. 

sail  vessels 130     n 


424  boys. 
1  boy. 

425  « 


Total  in  foreign  vessels 9,339     « 

Statement  of  crews  on,  hoard  coasting  vessels. 


491  boys. 
54    " 

545     " 


No.  entries. 

■Steam  vessels 2g2 

^ail  vessels ]]     19 


Tons. 
203,120 
1,695 


Men. 

6,930 

80 


Total. 


301         204,815         7,010 


Boys. 

818 
17 

835 


No.  9.— DisTKicT  OP  Buffalo  Creek. 


f»ort  of  entry,  Buffalo;  latitude  42°  53',  loncritude  78°  S-S'-  nnn„1o 
tion  in  1830,  8,668;  in  1840,  18,213;  in  18^261!  '  P^^"^"" 

ing  at'thttelt  f^li:  oHh  ^  n'"'  ^""-^^^  '^^^^^  ^  ^^^"^  <^o"-^enc- 
S  aSd  wes^S  Lk  ^''^T  "''^'''  ""^  ^^^"^«  ^^tends  south- 
and  rK  tit  \^^^'^'''^  ^^^  "^'^  °^  Schlosser,  Tonawanda, 
ri«  P  •  ^^..°"  ^^^  "'^^''  ^^^»'  «n  Buffido  Creek,  at  the  foot  of 
haf^r  S  «nd  Cattaraugus  Creek  Silver  Creek.  Dunki;k,  Van  Wn 

Plnn'^lvanfa.  ^^^^^«^^  and  the  eastern  S^ate  iSe  of 

^disl^rfctTn'L^Sd^^^^^^  "''"^''-  ^''^''  ^'^"^  ^^^^  «f  «"y  oth^r  l«ke 
SS  v^uP  nf  til  Tu  ''  T"""'l"^  *^  "^"^'7  ««'^^'"'-d  of  the  whole 
<leclared  value  of  the  lake  trade,  and  showing  tL  astonishing  increase, 


B'<t^V.M'  J:,' *i^^.^ 


^ 


.    ■■.!•  »! 


'■,"  •>•. 


a 


;■.(•;>■,.  i.i(| 


.^«     <      »     'I      w 


« 


It 


.*  *  ♦/-! 


88 


H,  Doc.  ]36< 


m^^ 


!*,;* 


in  the  sinde  year  1851,  of -619,087,832.  This  increase  may  party 
be  attributed  to  the  opening,  in  May,  1851,  of  a- new  avenue  of  trade 
to  one  point  of  the  district,  In  that  noble  work,  the  New  York  and  Erie 
raih-oad.  The  commencement  of  operations  on  this  route  necessarily 
increased  the  competition  for  the  "trade  of  the  lakes;"  and,  while  aa 
excellent  share  of  business  has  fallen  to  the  lot  of  the  new  enterprise,  it 
would  appear  that  the  old-established  hnes  have  been  gamers  rather 

than  losers  by  its  opening. 

Within  the  boundaries  of  this  district,  and,  in  some  sdrt,  ail  serving  as 

the  feeders  and  receivers  of  its  lake  commerce,  are  the  terminations  of 

the  following  great  avenues  to  the  seaboard :  the  Albany  and  Buffalo 

raU^vray,  the  New  York  City  and  Buffalo  railway,  the  New  York  City, 

Cornin<r,  and  Buffalo  railway,  the  Buffldo,  Canandaigua,  and  New  \ork 

City  railway,  the  Buffalo  and  Niagara  Falls  railway,  the  BuffiUb  and 

.  State  Line  railway,  extending- to  Erie,  Pa.,  through  Dunkirk;  the  New 

York  and  Erie  railway,  extending  from  the  port  of  New  York  to  Lake 

,/Erie  at  Dunkirk;  and  last,  not  least,  the  Erie  canal,  intercommunica- 

'  ting  between  the  lakes  and  the  Atlantic  tide-water. 

The  three  Buffiilo  and  New  York  roads,  and  the  State  Lme  road, 
have  been  put  into  operation  since  the  commencement  of  the  present 
year— 1862— and  cannot,  of  course,  be  taken  into  account  as  operating 
'  Upon  the  commerce  of  this  district  previous  to  that  date. 

Of  the  ports  above  named,  as  being  embraced  in  this  district,  the  city 
of  Buffalo  is  by  frfr  the  most  important;  of  the  others,  Dunkirk  and 
Tonawanda^only,  have  any  actual  claims  to  consideration.  Schlosser, 
being  situatetl  three  miles  only  above  the  falls,  where  the  current  is 
already  so  rapid  as  to  be  almost  dangerous,  enjoys  lew  commercial 
advantages,  and  is  remarkable  only  as  a  landing-place  tor  pleasure 
parties,  and  the  seat  of  a  small  Canadian  trade,  carried  on  by  means 
of  skiffs  across  the  river. 

The  Niagara,  to  this  point,  is  navigable  for  steamers  and  other  vessel* 
of  the  largest  lake-class;  but,  the  channel  being  difficult  and  the  cur- 
rent perilously  strong,  vessels  of  any  magnitude  rarely  venture  them- 
selves so  near  the  falls.  The  Canadian  jwrt  of  Chippewa  is  nearly 
opposite  this  point;  and,  during  the  summer  season,  a  small  steamer 
plies  regularly  twice  a  day  between  Chippewa  and  Buffalo,  entering 
the  Niagara  from  the  Chippewa  creek,  by  means  of  a  cut,  and  therxe 
proceedmg  up  the  river  to  trie  Buffiilo  harbor. 

Tonawanda  is  more  eligibly  situated  for  trade,  on  the  Tonawaiida 
cree^ — a  fine  navigable  stream — the  Niagara,  and  the  Erie  canal ;  the 
river  and  creek  forming  an  excellent  harbor.  It  is  twelve^  miles  north 
from  Buffalo,  on  the  canal;  and,  owing  to  its  flicilities  for  the  tran- 
shipment of  produce  saving  twelve  miles'  tolls,  its  business  has  in- 
creased rapidly  during  the  last  three  years.  This  business  is  princi- 
pally transacted  by  Buffalo  houses,  and  the  commercial  transactions  of 
Tonawanda  arc,  for  the  most  part,  made  in  the  Buffiilo  markets,  to 
wbich  eS^  accesris  bad  1^  means  of  the  Bliffitte  and  Niagara  Falls 
railway. 

The  commerce  of  this  port  in  1850  was  valued  at  $1,206,494,  and 
in  1861  at  no  less  than  $3,782,086,  consisting  of  $1,692,423  exports  by 


H.  Doc.  136. 


8» 


■"'v  <■•,»■• 


miles  distant  from  Buffalo  ^  ^^^'  °"^y  two 

Ua*ui,b4i.     1  he  principal  commerce  of  TUor-L- p«„i       ^  .""  V'*^  J  ear  oi 

i  carried  on  with  Canidi   }Z^Z       I  '  r      "°*^?  consists  m  a  traffic 

between  the  opposite  ba^L^fT  ""    ^rry  which  pUes  constantly 

are,  each  of  them,  convenientTanAjn  i  "r^'^*^'"',^'^  Barcelona, 
shipping  of  the  vr^cTTthe^^^^^  for  the 

comLrl^ehasnotbee^LdeuLrr!^  ^^r^'  J"'  &e  value  of  their 
which  ply  in  the  trade  between^BuSTJ'  fh  '^'  ''"""""^^^  "^«^^1«' 
their  trijs  beyond  the  limits  ol^hel^S  in  1^^'*"'  'T^^  '^'""^ 
required  to  report  their  cargoes  it  tK^  1  l  ^*^  ^^^^  they  are  not 
consist  of  all  kiVds  of  r^ercSndL  ni^ff^-^^^^^^  '^^^''  ^P^^ts 

pork,  wool,  lumber,  anTveSe;  ?he^^^^^^^^^^  ^'^^^««' 

to  them  being  one  of  the  rSnn;!  m    .?V  ^^^^'^  ^^  ^*^cent 
State  of  New  York.  ""^  '"''''  ^^'"^^^^  P^^^ions  of  the  whole 

Dunkirk  is  situate  on  Lake  Erie  nhnnt  ah       i 
with  which  it  is  comiected  by  railway!  7t  ht  a^nn  T1  '^  ^"?^"' 
easy  access  for  vessels  of  liirht  dra  m^t  ^f      *  ?"^  ^^^^'^°'"'  ^^^h  an 

Ne^York  by  the  ErLlX^Tcf  £^^^ 

slight  obstructions  at  the  harbor  mnntiTo  .^"/.^"S^"'  There  are  some 
Hake  ports,  which  if  removed  lSdm;i.  ''  '^"^  <^?^^Svkh  most  of  the 
vessels  of  light  draughrbutVrhnn  k  ."'•^^'g?^'^"  Perfectly  free  for 
be  deepened.  ^    '       ' ''     ^°"°™  ^^^^  ''^^'^^r  "cannot  readily 

\JJ^L1TT,1 1"?  t&^^^^^^^^^^       T  --^^^  ™^. 

89,394,780,  being  of  exportsTI  000  nnn  4'^"^  '^^^^y'  ?°  ^«  «"«  «* 
Buffalo  and  State  Line^I^fwav  ^u  ""P^'^l  ^^'394,780.  The 
kirk,  aJso  connects  it  whh  Erie^pl    ^^  ''°""^*"  ^^*  ^"^  ^i^J^  Dun- 

JSi%^^ra:^^^^^^  had  a  nopula. 

SnlS40,  of  18,213;  a„^ri860,of4?2V.  S  ^'  '"  1830,0^8,668; 
percent,  from  1830  to  1840  and  of  i?o^  "^^^^^^^n  increase  of  113 
I'his  would  lead  to  the  conciusl  on  fh /''  "'"'•  ^°"™  ^^^^  *«  I860. 
the  last  ten  years,  that  oTthe TTo?!  ''''T^^  '"*^  ^^  ^crease  on 
lot  fall  far  sLrt  of  5S,478  persons  "^'  ^^^^'  ^*^  P«P"^"^°»  ^^^ 

ierfnS^nreTrie%S^  '^^  *^^  -stern 

1S^5I^^  ^^«  ^eat  natS^^^n:^^ 


«ko  commerce.    It  is  ditT^  aik    "^™«>  «w«1»  P»«"«geof  the  \3f&iiife'u-3 


lake 

garariuis  88,SSE.j  from  Cleveland  »03,  ENE.i  from 


W-n::i 


-« l.r>;'      , ,,    < 

'  ■■  S  »  J      '■;.   ■.,'■  ■•'•■( 


f' '' ' 


i 


90 


[.Doc.  136. 


u^ 


T»«t,«;t  oon  r    hv  N  •  from  Mackinaw  627,  SE.j  from  Green  Bay 
80r4l  ^omfc  East,  427,  SW.;  and  from  Wash- 

""  tS  hL£r  of  Buffalo  is  constituted  by  the  mouth  of  Buffalo  creek, 
which  has  twelve  to  fourteen  f^et  of^ater  for  the  distance  ot  a  mile 
from  its  mouth,  with  an  average  width  of  two  hundred  teet;  and  is  pro- 
tectedbv  a  fine,  substantial  stone  pier  and  sea-wall  jutting  out  mto  the 
lake  at  the  end  of  which  there  is  a  handsome  hght-house  twenty  ieet 
in  diameter,  by  forty-six  feet  in  height  j  there  is,  however,  a  bar  at  the 
mouth  preventing  the  access  of  any  vessels  drawing  above  ten  feet  of 
water  A  ship-^anal  seven  hundred  yaxds  long,  eighty  feet  wide,  and 
thirteen  deep,  lias  been  constructed  into  the  place  as  a  hirther  accom- 
modation for  vessels  and  for  their  security  when  the  ice  is  runnmg;  yet 
the  harbor,  which  is  perfectly  easy  ol  access  m  all  weathers,  is  v«ry  far 
from  being  adequate  to  the  commerce  of  the  place,  and  is  often  so  much 
obstructed  by  small  craft  and  canal-boats,  especially  when  torced  in 
suddenly  by  stress  of  weather,  that  in^ess  or  egress  is  a  matter  not 
easily  or  rapidly  effected.  The  extension  of  the  Erie  canal  a  mUe  to 
the  eastward  of  its  original  terminus,  and  the  construction  of  side-cuts 
into  it  for  the  refoge  of  boats,  will  do  something  to  relieve  this  pressure; 
and  much  has  been  effected  by  the  enterprise  of  the  city  authonUes,  who 
have  afready  expended  large  sums  in  the  excavation  of  ship-canals 
inside  the  sea-wall,  on  which  warehouses  for  the  storing  of  goods  and 
facihtatm«r  the  transhipment  of  merchandise  are  in  progress  ol  erection. 
Two  very  large  canal  basins  axe  also  in  progress,  under  the  auspices 
of  the  State,  for  the  better  and  safer  accommodation  of  canal-boats, 
This  will  tend  to  attract  them  from  the  main  harbor,  and  will  materiallj 
increase  its  capacity  for  lake  shipping.  One  of  the  above  named  basins 
is  beinff  constructed  pear  the  mouth  of  the  harbor,  and  the  other  some- 
thmg  more  than  a  mUe  distant,  easterly.  The  two,  being  in  the  immf. 
diate  vicinity  of  the  creek  and  communicatmg  with  it,  and  also  with 
each  other  by  canal,  will  afford  ample  facilities  for  transhipment  to 

both  sides  of  the  city.  j     r  i 

,  More  than  this,  however,  is  required,  to  meet  the  demands  ot  the 
large  4nd  daiWincreasing  commerce  of  the  place,  and  it  is  contempla- 
ted to  bpen  iAew  channel  from  the  lake  to  the  creek,  at  above  a  mile's 
distancVfrCfm  its  mouth,  across  the  isthmus,  which  is  not  above  t\vo 
hundred  and  fifty  yards  in  width;  and  this  iinprovement,  with  the 
erection  of  a  new  breakwater,  would  render  it  sufficiently  capacious  lor 
the  computed  increase  of  shipping  for  many  years  to  come. 

Buffalo  is  a  handsome  and  well  built  city,  with  streets,  for  the  innjt 

§art,  rectangular  and  rectilinear,  and  many  handsome  buildings.  It  li 
le  terminus  of  that  stupendous  State  work,  the  Erie  canal;  ot  three 
lines  of  railway  connecting  it  directly  with  New  York ;  and  of  one  com- 
municating, through  Albany,  with  both  the  cities  of  New  York  and  B(»- 
ton.    It  is  also  the  eastern  terminus  of  the  Buffalo  and  State  Line  rai- 


lway, which  Is  destined  to  extend  westward,  by  meimS  of  the 
shore  railways,  to  Toledo,  Detroit,  and  Chicago.     A  railroad  is  ak 
projected  hence  to  Brantford,  in  Canada  West,  which  will  open  to  tkl 
city  the  whole  trade  of  the  rich  agricultural  valley  of  the  Grand  riverl 
with  the  adjacent  lumbering  districts,  and  is  destined  to  connect  witll 


H.  Doc.  isi: 


m 


^Jie  great  western  road,  and  thence,  via  Detroit  xvi'fli  nil  tl,o  w    .       \ 
by  Lake  Huron  with  the  mineral  regions  of  Tl'tlQ        •     ^.f'^  ^"<^ 

[diy-dock  of  sufficient  capacity  tbSraltPni!  ^?P^"°^-    ?*^«  « 
(tons  burde.,,  ax,d  three  LnLd;^7twenTfS^l^r'v^^^^^ 
Irine  railway  to  facUitate  the  haul  n., T.Tr^^I  ^-^  ^*^  ^  "^a- 

[There  is  als^  near  the  saL  sL^yaiSfn  wLT^^  ''P^™  of  vessels, 
(large  derrick  for  the  handling^^^oierl  a^^^^  ^'^  *\^-^  ^°""^'  ^ 

(short,  it  appears  that  this  city  if  resolved  t„  kpl  fi  i7  'P^^^^n^'y-     In 
progress  Jthe  times,  and  n^t'oToS  s^nw'hfcK^^^  ^f  ^^ 

fer  held.  1^  lead  IX  LouM  and  v.T'  "^f  .^^T?  ^^"'  ^^  thus 

(commercial  returns  of  BuSllfuIrthl^tl,^''  ^f "  commerce,  the 

and  as  the  histonr  of  her  cor^Pr^iJ  ^^""-^'^  T'*  °*^^^  P«rts; 

history  of  the  rise^andaX^'e^r^fPK^^^       ^'"^^  ^'''  *^""  *^« 
Jno  apology  will  be  necessi^Sf^  .    •  **^^  commerce  west  of  it, 

I     This  commerce  datp<»  itQ  jir.t„oi  «^  aeiaus,  at  this  tune. 

he  year  in  which  tClZ  ZtSSi^ZZ^  *^^  ^^"  ^^^^' 
he  waters  of  Lake  Erie  with  thp   AtW   ^T^' 1°  f^  to  connect 

ehich  navigated  those  tJ^dl^vSU  St  m^"^     '^"  ^'' ■''''^' 
hat  date.     The  first  Americ^  vP«T?f  ^"?^V    ^^^^^^  ^^erior  to 
of  Lake  Erie  was  the  sch^ner^?rj^^^^^^  ^^^  waters 

Uvania,  in  1797.  The  £'111^5^^  Y^  """"  ^"^'  ''''^^^^' 
Back  Rock,  in  1818.  I^  l8o?7!L  ^1  ^"^^  7^  constructed  at 
of  all  the  lakes  above  the  Fdl  of  C''  '^'  ^^^  l.^'^^"^^^  tonnage 
of  772  tons,  and  S  sa  lb/ cmftl^f  f#^^^^  ''''"''''f ^  ^^  ''^^^^  «teame?s 
^team  and  sail  tonnage  tfeS^f  thi  ^roftuS':;?^^  l%r'  °' 

lU  1835  *^'^l'^^  increased  to    16.300 

In  1841         «« 

Li  1846         " 

In  1851         " 

1835  to  1841.'  13J 
1841  to  1846,  12 
1846  to  1861,  14 

buatldt'S^h^^^^^^^^^^  ityet  gives  no  ade- 

phich  the  last  quarter  d"  a  renf n^T  ^^"'^^^^^  pY  « ?  ^r  the  changes 

todels  of  vessel^adllngt^^^^^       JT^'  ^  ^5^  construction  a^nd 

furden.  together  with  tELvPmpn^i^r^'^'  T^^  ^^  capacity  for 

Charging  ctrgoes.-haviirrSrU'^^l^^^^ 

tonnage  more  than  MfolT  Trwt!w  ♦  ^  amount  of 

If  the  commerce  ^BuffiUo  diin  Jthe  n  ''L'T"  '^"  '^^  ^augmentation 

K  .a  .0^  u.e/s^;  .^i  e^r— SL5T  a4> 


ti 


(I 


30.602 

65,181 

90,000 

153.426 


(( 


V      <   >     't    '  I     I     >      ( 


^  "•  ♦- 


>  .> 


'I 


i 


iil 


* 


n 


H.  Doc   186. 


a  single  carco,  during  which  time  the  vessel  would,  on  an  average,  lose 
oneor  two?air\inls;  whereas  the  largest  f  «-g«-/ ,«^f  .^  ^^^% 
discharged  by  steam,  in  fewer  hours,  than  m  days  at  that  time. 

Cm;  stumers  now  require  but  twelve  hours  to  make  trips  for 
whicli  three  days  were  then,  at  the  least,  necessary. 

UnttT  the  year  1836  the  trade  consisted  prmcipajy  of  exports  (rf 
merchandise  to  the  West.  During  that  year,  however,  Ohio  commenced 
Sporting  breadstuffs,  ashes,  and  wool,  to  some  extent.  The  following 
mble  exhibits  the  quantities  of  several  leadmg^icles  of  westerp  pro 
duce,  during  the  various  periods  from  1835  to  1S51 : 

Articles  shipped  eastward  from  Bvffalo  by  canal 


Articles. 

C" 

Flour bftirela... 

Wheat bushels.. 

Corn do 

Provisions . . .  barrels . . 

Ashes do — 

Btaves No.. 

Wool pounds.. 

Butter  ^ 

Cheese  > do.... 

Lard     ) 


1835. 


86,233 

95,071 

14,579 

6,502 

4,419 

2,565,272 

140,911 

1^)30,632 


1840. 


633,790 

881,192 

47,885 

25,070 

7,008 

22,410,660 

107,794 

3,432,687 


1845. 


717,406 

1,354,990 

33,069 

68,000 

34,602 

88,296,431 

2,957,007 


1850. 


■    984,430 

3,304,647 

2,608,967 

146,836 

17,504 

159,479,504 

8,805,817 


6,597,007 ,     17,534,981 


1851. 


1,106,38 

3,fir)8,(K6i . 
5,78D,Kti^; 

mM ' 

25.5^t 
75,927,63 

7,857,901 

ii,ifl2,!a|; 


The  figures  above  are  taken  from  the  canal  returns  for  the  several 
years,  and  of  course  do  not  embrace  the  whole  unports  of  the  lake^ 
but  are  given  as  the  best  attainable  standards  of  the  increase  of  Me 
commerce,  up  to  the  date  when  the  statistics  of  that  commerce  begaa 
to  be  kept  in  a  manner  on  which  reliance  might  be  reposed. 

The  table  next  ensuing  \vill  give  a  fuller  and  more  satisfactory  idea 
of  the  actual  increase  of  the  trade,  as  well  as  of  the  various  kinds « 
articles  received  at  Buffalo,  during  a  series  of  consecutive  years,  li 
this  table  aU  packages  of  the  same  article  are  reduced  to  a  unitora 
size;  and  for  this  reason,  probably,  some  articles  will  be  found  to  vaij 
in  quantity,  for  the  year  1851,  from  the  figures  contamwl  in  the  repot 
made  up  at  the  coUector's  office,  and  furnished  by  Mr.  Wm.  Ketchum 
the  collector,  showing  the  receipts  at  Buffalo,  Dunkurk,  and  Tonawand^ 
by  lake,  together  with  their  tonnage,  their  value  at  each  poln^  andthei 
aggregate  tor  all  the  points  combmed. 

The  following  table  was  made  up  from  day  to  day,  durmg  the  severi 
seasons,  and  wUl  be  found  substantially  correct  By  reference  to  the 
official  tables,  following  this  report,  some  details  will  be  found  yeji 
curious,  knd  interesting  at  this  juncture,  for  reasons  which  will  be 
adduced  hereafter: 


crease  on  1-861 


H.   Doc.  136. 


93 


Artiolea. 


inour barrels. 

iPork do... 

iBeef. ^..do... 

[Baoon ;poiuid8. 

Ifieeda barrels. 

iLamber feet. 

IWool bales. 

P^^ barrels. 

■Hides j^Q 

1^^ pigs.. 

^  !Jn>n. tons.. 

-^  ••-T do... 

lemp.. bales.. 

!»««*■• bushlds.. 

['Orn do.... 

ats do.... 

ve 


1848. 


.do. 


pounds. 

fallow do.... 

Gutter do.... 

8h®* casks . . 

l^hiskey do... 

eather rolls.. 

ta'^es No.. 


1,249,000 
66,000 
53,812 
included  in  pork 
22,020 
21,445,000 
40,024 
6,620 
70,750 
27,953 
4,132 
12,950 
865 
4,520,117 
2,298,100 
560,000 
17,809 
5,632,112 
1, 347, 000 
6,873,000 
9,940 
38,700 
3,313 
8,091,000 


1849. 


1850. 


1,207,435 
59,954 
61,996 
5, 193, 996 
21,072 
33, 935, 768  • 
49, 072 
6,963 
62, 910 
14, 742 
3,132 
9,570 
414 
4, 943, 978 
3,3ai,661 
362,384 
5,253 
5,311,037 
1,773,650 
9,714,170 
14,580 
38,753 
3,870 
14,183,602 


1,088,321 
40,249 
84,719 
6,562,808 
9,674 
53,076,000 
53,443 
10,257 
72,022 
^  17,951 
**  2,881 
10, 461 
421 
3, 672, 886 
2, 504, 000 
347,108 
50 
5,093,532 
1,903,528 
5,298,244 
17,  316 
30,189 
8,282 
19,617,000 


1851. 


1,216,603 
32,169 
73,074 
7, 951,  300 
11,126 
68,006,000 
60,943 
7,875 
48,430 
28,713 
2,739 
17, 244 
3,023 
4, 167, 121 
5,988,775 
1,140,340 
10,652 
4,798,500 
1, 053, 900 
2, 342, 900 
13,509 
66,524 
8,186 
10.519,000 


At  the  present  moment  the  official  documents,  alluded  to  above  as 
Mowing  this  report,  merit  something  more  than  ordinary  attention,  as 
khey  display  the  character,  quantity,  and  estimated  value  of  each  art  cle 
msmg  over  the  lajes  eastward,  in  pursuit  of  a  market,  and  the  Zees 
k  shipment  on  the  lake  indicating,  with  sufficient  accuracy,  the 
kgions  vvhere  produced.  Thus  it  will  be  observed  that  the  sniaU 
nK)unto#xotton.  received,  came  via  Toledo,  which  ma^^e  held  tS 
bify  tiiat. It  reached  that  pomt  by  canaJ  from  Cincinnatt  I  which  place' 
It  had^been  brought  from  the  southed  by  the  Oliio  river?  The  Ce 
emarks  will  apply  to  tobacco,  and  in  some  sort  to  flax  and  hemp 
Phe  latter,  however,  arrive  m  nearly  enual  quantities  by  this  route' 

teissou?'""  "'"'  *'"  '""^^^  ""'  ^'^^^-  ^-^^'  -d  byTalTe 

Nothing  can  be  more  interesting  or  instructive,  as  connected  with  the 

ake  trade,  than  statistics  hke  these,  showing  whence  come  these  va.t 

tee'  :;^r^^:l;'''''^-^'  ^'  ---^  -  -^^  -'•^-ry  L^  '^ 

Jffa^rtratr'  ^'^  ^''^'^^^'  ''^''^''^''^^  ^^^--  ^'-  -«—  of 

1851,  of  imports,  731,462  tons,  vajued  at ini  SS9  q-il 

"  exports.  204,536    ><  u         ./AV.'.uMl^tl    , 

^^^'"g  ^  aggregate  ofTT. ^k, . .  .~r~       "«"      ««  oq,  «,: 

I  1860   t  was '^^'-   J2'^^'^'^ 

: 67,027,618 

9.064.163 


crease  on  1^61, 


fa: 

•■-■  J. 


■:\ 


i*.;v.  • 


.» 


.1 


HM, 


^ 


tr  / 


mi\. 


(MS 


'■'•y 


A' 


r^ 


^r-v 


n 


n.  Boc.   196. 


Of  the  trade  there  were,  in  1861,  imports  from  Canada. .      $501,517. 
((  ((  «♦         exports  to  Canada. ... .         613,943 

"  ._^A  , — . 

Total  Canadian  trade  of  1861."-....: l,1214g 

Of  thei«lde  there  were,  in  1850,  imports  from  Canada. . .      $307,074 
*  ^i     J         u  ♦«         exports  to  Canada 220,196 

Total  Canadian  trade  of  1860 627,27() 

Increase  of  Canadian  trade  on  1861. -      $694,195 1 

It  is,  perhaps,  proper  hiere  to  observe  that  much  of  the  propertjM 

•urchased  in  Buffalo  for  the  Canadian  market  passes  over  the  Niagan  1 

alls  railway  to  the  suspension  bridge,  where  it  is  reported  as  passin«  | 

into  Canada  from  the  Niagara  district,  and.is  as  such  reported  as  the  J 

trade  of  that  district. 


F 


■aae  oi  uiai  uisuici.  ,  if.       , 

The  tonnage  of  this  port  exhibits  an  increase  no  less  graUfymg  than 
that  of  the  commerce. 

Tonnage  for  1861. 


Anivali — 
ClemnoM. 


Aomgate 

Do.     of  1880. 


IncNMe  ud  decreaM.. 
Aggregate  iaerease  for  1851. 


Crewa, 
total. 


7,287 
7,486 


14,713 


BRITISH. 


Yeaaeli. 


601 
593 


1,194 
939 


inc.  255 


Tons. 


72,212 
71,241 


143,453 
149,537 


dew.  5, 064 


AMKRICAN. 


YesMls. 


170 
205 


3r5 
528 


From  and  to  foreign  porta. 


dec.  153 
255 


102 


Tom. 


56,  Dill 


inc.  12,91)1 

5,  Ml 


7,«l 


Cotuting  trade  for  1861. 


Ovtward......  .•>•••  ...•••.• 

Jaward 

Total  «oaa(^  and  foreign 

Do.     do.  do.    1850. 

InneaaeoflSSl... 


<ff 

No. 

TODf. 

Ma. 

3,719 
3,762 

1,448,772 
1,433,777 

60,1) 

68,?l 

-^,481 

3»882,04» 

,m«» 

.vv'.^vw;*^.  .«  ••  * 

9,050 

8,444 

3,087,530 
2,713,700 

i3(,n 

135,61 

QOA 

l#   5»3.830 

9,1 

.'• 

,     \'-r        ''U 

K.  Doc.  186. 


627,2701 


RRXCAN. 

1 

Tom. 

•  1 

30,  IN 
31, » 

*' 

69,  l» 
56,011 

inc.l2,9S 

5,M 

2 

7,« 

►- 

Mea. 

2 

7 

60,SI 

58,ni 

9^ 

-^lao.ffl 

0 
0 

125,61 

0 

9,i 

95 


This  array  of  tqnnage  would  suffer  little  by  conyiarison  with-that  nf 

propeuers,  and  607  safflhg  vessels,-  varying  in  s  ze  from  steamers  of  Tio 

fee  length  and  1  600  tons  burfen,  to  the'smallest  class  of  Sl^J^ 

and  sailing  vessels.     It  is  a  significant  fact,  that  out  of  near  v  7  000  tZ 

of VesselsWg  at  Buffdo'on  the  1st  of  Januly.Xf  there  S 

butonesailmgvessel-of230tons~th.eremamderconiSofs^^^^^ 

r^ifi  T.  T'  '^"'^'"^  conclusively  that  steam  is  daily  ^owwS 

rapicU^'  into  lavor  in  a  trade  so  admirably  adapted  to  its  succeS?^ 

plication  as  t;hat  of  the  western  lakes.  "^o  «s  successtul  ap- 

i^o  ono  P'^'^"'  population  of  Buffalo,  as  stated  above,  is  estimated  at 

60^00  persons;  the  principal  part,  of  the  inhabitants  being  Soved 

thigjepi^^li  K2^1^^^%  carried  on  i.  • 

Ihe  enrolled- and  licensed  tonnage  of  this  district  is  22  d-is  tZo   % 
steam  measurement;  and  23,619  tons  of  Bail!  emoUed         '  ""'  ""^ 


'  '  >  !• :  ■•  I; 


■'i 


if 


*,' 


^  '.•. 


y* 

!■-.  •  ■' 

^ 

■ 

i 

'1 

i    , 

4 

M 

^ 

1 

';.' 

''"s        , 

• 

if 

1 

<♦ 

^  .     '  • 

fl 

B. 

r 

hi  t  , 

,'! 

j£  I 

1 

'1 

i?iL 

'1 

1 

Ji 

H. 

^ 

1 

H 

■Statement  oj 
frtm  Cana 
titles  ofeoi 


\ 


PortB. 


Silver  Creek  . . , , 

.^Dunkirk 

'Barcelona,.."" 
Erie '" 

Conneaut ,...,"" 
Ashtabula  ..'.'.'** 
Madiaon  Dock' '. . 
Fairport ... 
Black  River..'.'.".' 
Vermillion.-;.."] 
Clereland.. '..'**" 

Huron  and  Milan.' 

Sanduaky 

■Fremont ..,.''"' 

'Toledo ;;; 

Monroe "" 

Gibraltar .....'."' 
Detroit "  " 

jrentori ;;;;; 

St.  Clair 

Saginaw.. 

Mackinanr *" 

Green  ^y.....''' 
Bfaverlalanda  ..'"' 
Gi^nd  Hnven  .....' 
St.  Joaeph's,.., ,"."," 
Sheboytran ..,.'.."" 

Milwaukie .' "  * 

Racine .'.'.'.'** 

Kenosha "  " 

I  Waukegan. . . .' ..'*** 
J  Chirag^o  .... 

Michigan  city  .'.'.."■■ 

I  Canada .,', 

Total 


^  ^H.  Doc.  188.  ^-: 


W!>^}i' 


Silver  Creek 

.?""'«,''•' !.*."!.■;  "-^ If 

5"r««'ona ..^       .A 

Erie 

Conneaue.    296 

Modiaon  Dock ::::::;       ^^^i\ 

Black  River <78    

Vermil/ion .-.-.  "o    •-•« 

Cl8»eland....    I  ^  72 

Huron  and  Milan 1.515  i  . 

■Fremont 

•Toledo ::::::::: 

S"bXv; 

,  Detroit , 

Trenton....  ; 2,843J 

s«.. Clair ::;:;;; .|.... 

Saginaw.. ['Y 

,  Mackinanr. ,.  * 

Green  5ay.. .;;•'"••■ .... 

Bfaver  Islands    H    ■... 

,l";l'?r"  "••••■•■■■■)•••'%•••■■'•••■ 

I  SheboypUi 
Milwaukie. 
Racine, 


.iff 


m 


^  Doc.  I8O1* 

STATEMENT— Continued. 


Porto. 


aiTer  Creek 

Dunkirk... 

Baroelom..! 

£ri0  •*...•••••...*..* 

Conseaut..  ..•••••  «»*• 

AektftbuiA  •...«•.•...• 

MadiionDock...'...  • 

fUrport •••• 

Black  RiTer 

yenniUion •• 

Cterelaiid 

Hapn  aM  MUan 

neky  ............ 

St 

do 
raooroe  • 
Gibiallar 
Detroit.. 

lYenurn 

St.  Clair 

fleginav 

Buekinaw.....* 

Qreen  Bay ••••••••«•• 

BcaTerblanda 

Oiand  HaTon .« 

fit.Jowph^ 


Bark. 


Bamli. 


Boxea. 


17 


Miiwanli^. 
Badne.......* 

Kenoaha....*.. 

Waukqgan . . . . 

Chioafo 

MiebigBn  City. 


••••aaaaa* 


•••aa«a***« 


•••••••••a 

aa*a«  •••••• 


27 
6 


Bags. 


•aaaaaaaaai 


••«■•••••••• 


>t««a«a*«**' 

11 


21 


Packagea. 


•...a....... 


Bundles. 


■•••••«••••« 
•aaaaeaaaaa* 
• • «• aeaaaaea 


•••••••••••a 


laaaas**** 


Oa^... 
/  Total. 

/— i 


23 


23 


44 


44 


>•••••••••' 


aaaaaaaaaa 
•aa*a«sa**»a 


!•#•••••••• 


•  ••i(4^* 


SI 


38 


38 


; 


/ 


■                        \ 

« 

'     1 

- 

• 

,  - . ,. 

^    V"-'^ 

"■-%^f 

% 

* 

« 

■  ' 

-v 

.,Afe„^.\  .* 

- 

.:!?,. 

» 

•/   ■■: 

,.) 

■  .'-."■ 

Hv  Doc  ise. 

STATEMENT-Continued. 


Porta. 


»Beer. 


•  •  ■  «  • 


Bamb. 


•  •  • 


'*••••■••« 


•  • • • ■« •  • 


SilTcr  Creek  .. . 

Dunkirk 

Barcelona....         :::: 

MadMonDock 

Black  RiTer 

Vemnllion 

Cleveland .... j        «  ,g^ 

^mSr;:::::::;::;      ''' 

Tolsdn  •••••..I 

MoSm ®'646 

;D«roit 

i?*if? 

|Vpl"'-... 

Sjtfc:::-- 

ffitir.:: 

SSTii-:::: i   ^'^« 

Michigan  City... -.^ 


Canada. 


Tiercea. 


easka. 


589 

ai 

106 


1,109 

•  . ... 

S90 

f  ••••••■•« 

*••••■•• 


.v. 

••••••••aa 

•  •a*  ••««-,, 


Beeawaz. 


Bairela. 


••■a*«««« 


•4aa««*«*. 


1,806 
9,536 

••  •  •  a  •( 

••a«»««aa* 


54,414 


'•••a»a««« 
•••••••-a  •  a 

••••••aaa 

**«a»aac 
a  •  a  a  •  •  •  a 
•■•aa«a««a 
•••a«*«««, 
••a«««a«,a 
•••aaaaaaa 
•••••• a* aa|« 

••••aaaa* 

•  •  a  a^*  •  •  «  a 

9^«««aaaa 

••••••aaa» 

46 


Caaka. 


• 


310 


••••ataaaa 


•  ••••-•aaca 
••aaa«»«*» 

9 
9 
9 

•••••a*««* 

•aaaa««»»a 

••aaaaa*aa 

•••••••a 

46 
1 


••••••aaa« 

•aaaataa,. 
••••••••• 

•••••a»»»» 
•  .•a»a««««, 
••••••a«». 

••••••••a 

5 

••••aaaaa 


Bozea. 


S3   

104 
IS 


.•«.••... 


••..<••••. I            so 
I 



(•.• 

I 


.......... 

••••••■... 

•■••••.... 


••••..a... 

9 

••••*a«*« 


a*aa*««a«9 

1 

•  ••  •  •m9%m% 

10 

u- 

■••••••««« 

•  •  •  •  •  •mm*99 


••••aaaaa* 
•aa«aa«»«« 

9 

•  •• a  a««*«» 
**a\aaa«aa 
aaa»«aa« 


•••••a«»aa 


*  •  •••••••• 

•••••••••a 

*••• •••••• 

•■••••••• 

••••••••  s*^ 


••• « 

I as- ::""•••• 

I     '  1  I 


••  ••••••••••. 

•••• J •••• 


t 


•'"^Mi' 


.it. 


■  '  it''  ' 


V*' 


f  '. 


^  I  t»  I,  • » 

'  -4    -,         '  f 


.'^ 


I 
■ 


168 


STATEMENT— Continued. ' 


Bacon  and  haroa.  > 

Porta. 

Boxea. 

BarrelB. 

Tiercea. 

Caaka. 

Hhda. 

Tons. 

fHTor  Creek. 



........^. 

Barcelona. 

Brie. 

Conneaut 

Aahtabola 

BfadiaonOock 

Eairport 

Black  River 

Vannillion 

6 
1 
6 

5* 

99 

i* 

30 

7* 

35 

28 
141 

8 

2r 

1,010 

7 
432' 

iae* 

23 

* 2' 

"2' 

20 
1,332 

m' 

16 

1,087 

15 

■'■'■"so' 

V" 

.....  «^»  %• 

v.;.m 

dareiand..... 

, ; 

21 

Sanduakjr •••• 

■'"iieoo* 

«•  a  V\vn**  •  « 

yTamont • 

Toledo 

52 
1 

i' 

94 

^  53 

Monroe 

Gibraltar 

Detroit...; 

TKBDton 

SuCIair > 

Saginaw 

Ateekinav 

3i 

Green  Bav 

Bearer  ralanda 

Grand  Haven 

fib     Tn^anh'a 

%•••**•  *•  ■ 

Sheboynn 

Milwaukie 

Raeine , 

^enoaha 

'X" 

55' 

14 
/          34 

'     2,008 
4G 

38* 

•  ••••••••a 

Waakegan 

Chicago.. .  .1 

44' 

26' 

17 

■""'836' 

r 

""I'm" 

Bliehigan  City 

Calnda. 

336 

4,215 

r  1,792 

3,560 

95 

1,284{ 
ft.. 

Total 

236 

4,215 

1,792 

3,560 

95 

l,284t 

■4 


H.  Doc.  136. 

STATEMENT-Continued. 


101 


/.J-'i 


.1  'I'i 


Porta. 


Broome.  Broom 


corn. 


Books.         Boots        Bladdem. 
I  and  shoes. 


Dozen.         Bries. 


Silver  Creek ' 

Dunkirk 

gi^^'"""* .■.::::::::::::: 

con;.^t:;::::;::::: ii 

Ashtabula " 

Madison  Dock ! ^ 

197 


Tons.         Boxes.        Boxes. 


Barrels. 


'.  '      M  H 


•  •••••  •! 


j>   *• 


iV 


Fairport 

Black  River :;;; 

Vermilljon 

Cleveland       :;; gj^- 

Huron  and  Milan..  . 

Sandusky •• 

Fremont "* 

Z^'^° J  211 

Monroe [' 

Gibraltar 

Detroit 

'  Trenton 


11 


1,383 

qjo  I    ■ I 

^g    74 

"co    9 

*"' I I  69 


>4w 


M  i'-iy 


'"sa^* •••• 

= I  79  1  ^^    132  1  a 

" •■:::::::::::: 

' , ***    ••••••••• 

St.  Clair 

Saginaw...  •" 

Mackinaw..  :;• 

Green  Bay..  ••• 

Beaver  Island*.... :::( 

Grand  Haven I 

St.  Joseph's "" 

Sheboyaran *•• 

M'lwaukie I     ^^ 

5««"e- 

Kenosha I 

Waukegan *'"' 

Chicago 

Michigan  Citr. 


.  •  ''« 


Canada . . , 

Total., 


.     i      .  *     ,K       * 


■* "  "  1?  'J  ■I 

'    •  %   <  it  •  I    y  ^-f 


'4' 


I 


■':<*■ -*5|. 


tcte 


H.  Doc.  186. 

STATEMENT— Continued. 


Ports. 

Butter. 

B^r 

littles. 

/ 

Kega^ 

Firkina. 

149" 

32 

39 

Barrels. 

Casks. 

Hhds. 

/ 
Number. 

Sflm  Greek 

Dunkirk 

Baroelona 

Erie. 

Ckmneaut 

Aahtabnla.. 

40' 

318 

3,532 

671 

684 

61 

3S2 

61 

52 

4,496 

353 

2,711 

671 

2,064 

12 

•••-209* 

81* 

31 
42 

4* 

i,'600 

Bladiwn  Dock 

Fairport 

Black  River 

10 

22 

40 

5 

667 

•. ••••| 

▼ennillioa 

869 

6 

54 

14 

8 

Ctereland 



Hnron  and  Milan .... 
Sandusky 

6* 

'*** 

Toledo 

Monroe 

Gifataltar 

4 
34 

229 
2 

5' 

Demit 

Trenton. .•• 

St.  Glair 

fiiminaw 

Green  BaT 

Beaver  lalanda 

Grand  Haven 

BtJooeph'e 

flhdiwycan 

BGlwrakie 

6* 

256 

109 

1,581 

787* 

11 

< 

2' 

4* 

Baon 

Kenoaha. 

WankecanM 

30* 

22" 

ChlMM 

llieh^an  City 

OlMda 

19,017 
S34 

1,229 
•  ••••••  T* 

1,156 

18 

8 

1,6'JO 

Tatal 

.       19,251 

1,229 

1,156 

1  i 

8 

r'— 

1,600 

/ 

^ 

1 

.  ■- 

AMi^iak 

H.  Doc.  186. 

STATEMENT— Continued. 


103 


/ 

'IB  " 

jr 

pottles. 

pim^. 

Bath  brick.              Brick. 

Bones. 

dumber. 

Number. 

Number. 

Number.       Tons. 

Tons. 

Hhds. 

•     1^1        Silver  Creek, ....... 



•     ^^B        Dunkirk 

•  ......... 

• •••• 

■     9^H        Barcelona. 

.  ......... 

1,601 

1    fl^B        Erie 



...* 

a^H        Conneaut 

34,000 

26 ;;; 

t^H        Ashtabula 



•     ••••••••• 

'"■'^^       Madison  Dock ,, 

.     "'^M        Fairport 

'''^m        Black  River 

I^H        Vermillion 

j^m       Cleveland 

•••••■• 

^H        Huron  and  Milan  ... 

.  .1 

iSifiOO               30 

5 

I^H       tiiandurkv 

6 

R 

-^H       l^Vemont 

.....'.'.■*..*.l 

,    ^^H      "Toledo 

i^^^B       Monroe 

.   'l^m      Gibraltar.-.; 

,   r^H       Duroit 

•••••••• 

•    '^H       Trenton 

|H       St.  Clair. 

;^H      Saginaw 



38 

/^H      Mackinaw 

^^H      Oreen  Bay 

■^M      Beaver  Islands 

*••••••••• 

^^H      Urand  Haven .' 

|H      St.  Joseph's: 

^^H       Sheboygan 

H^B      Milwaukie 

^^H       Kacine 

^^^^H       Kenosha 

**•••••••    a 

HH       Waukegan 

BM       Chicago 

••••••••»    • 

*'"•••••    (. 

••*••••• 

BH       JJ'Iicbigan  City .......  . 

HH      Canada 

2    . 

•  •• V*  • •  • 

"805    . 

37,800 

56 

5 

917 
11 

373 

1,601] 

I       ^-^ 

S 

805 

37,800 

56 

5 

373 

^H 

r»' 


;«    < 


('  t 


1 .1 


*.  •/ 


"%H 


a..k 


t'  i/«l 


..;■     ^ 


104 


'      H.  Doc.   186. 

STATEMENT— Continued. 


• 
Ports. 

Bristles. 

Brandy. 

Buflalo 
robea. 

Candles. 

; 

: 

Sacks. 

Casks. 

Hhds. 

Casks. 

Bales. 

Boxes. 

'i 

T>iinkirk .. 

' 

' 

• 

- 

Erie :' 

dnnnfiAiit       -        ... 

..'•..*..^. 

'' 

IVfadifinn  Dnclc        .... 

20 

Black  River 

'Vermillion. 

PlAVpJnnll     .  -            ^  -  .  .* 

io' 

is' 

990 

Huron  and  Milan .... 

Sanduskv 

160 

Fremont 

Toledo 

8 
/. . . 

'1,419 

Monroe. . .  -. 

- 

Gibraltar f 

Detroit..^ ........... 

11 

11 

Trenton 

"     1 

St.  Clair 

Saginaw 

.* 

... ^v. .... 

•••••••••• 

Mackinaw 

( 

Oreen  Bay 

10 

Beaver  Islands 

Grand  Haven 

St.  Joseph's 

Sheboygan ,. . 

Milwaukie 

Racine 

Kenosha.'. 

.*!!'.!!!'!: 

i 

Waukegan 

Chicago 

13 

3,216 

959 

Michigan  City 

10 

20 

V 

3,246 

3,551 

Canada............. 

4 

1 

Total 

10 

20 

i 

4 

1 

3,246 

3,551 

4 

.  " 


.tsia',. 


Candlea. 


Boxes. 


H.   Doc.  1:86. 

STATEMENT-Continued. 


105 


.■•>'  ■••..\','Jr. 


•  •  •  1 

'"20 

'990 

'leo 

''■;i 

'4I9 

"is 

•  •.. 

"'io 

>  •«  • 

>•■• 

959 

... 

3, 

551 

3,551 


Silver  Creek 

Dunkirk 

?a''<:eloria \, 

;;'" 

^onneaut 

ish  tabula :: 

ladisonDock.  .. 

JIack  River 

Kermillion...,,.., 
3'eveland \\\ 

luron  and  Milan! 

^"''usky 

t'^mone 

rp'euo 

lonroe. 

jiibraitar.... ;.;;;; 

Petroit . . 

[«"[»" ...; 

f-9'a"" 

f?"naw 

lackinaw \ 

^eenBay 

paver  Islands 

k'and  Haven  ....... 

'Joseph's 

Hoy(»an 

Iilwau. 

V'"* •.... 

pnosha 

.ukegan 

»'c«?o 

Mchigan  City 


p^ 


^^ 


106 


H.  ikHS.  186. 

STATEMENT^ — Continued. 


Porta. 

1 

Cheeae. 

Cider. 

Cigar*. 

Cool. 

Boxes. 

Casks. 

Tons. 

Barrels. 

Cases. 

Ton,.  .; 

Silver  Cre«k 



Dunkirk.... i 

Barcelona • 

Erie 

Conneaut.... 

49,465 

.  18,648 

88,789 

"'32,' 780' 
357 
116 
26,298 

316 
134 

207 

37' 

U 

11 

42" 

■"■i6,'a 

Ashtabula 

is" 

Madison  Dock 

Fairport • 

•  •  •  •  e*!!^^ 

Black  River. 

Vermillion 

Cleveland 

Huron  and  Milan 

2" 

25' 

31' 

,, 

***4* 

Sandusky 

Fremont 

772' 

1 

6 

Toledo 

Monroe 

Gibraltar 

io* 

' 5' 

•  •  •  •  tiiM  ; 

Detroit 

Trenton.. ...< 

St.  Clair 

Saginaw 

Mjickinaw.. .......... 

•  •  •  •  t  M»< 

S 

M 

Green  Bay 

Beaver  Islands. 

Grand  Haven 

St.  Joseph's 

Sheboygan 

"■*i*864" 

•  ••■•.    '^ 


Milwaukie 

Racine 

Kenosha 

Waukegan 

9 

•  ••••IH 

Chicago ..••' 

Michigan  City 

Canada 

163,099 

701 

62 

77 
17 

57 

....! 

Total 

163,099 

701 

62 

84 

57 

1;,! 

Ports. 


er  Creek 

^nkirk 

celoDa........'.'* 

'*•• 

??«»"' 

■tabula,  i , 

^disoD  Dock....* 

Brt.... [ 

:  River....,,','.'] 
nillion 

Iveland, ,'J 

Iron  and  Milan...'.' 

Idusky... 

fcmont .', 

ledo..... 

aroe ]  _ 

Irallar. '" 

Bit 'I 

nton I* 

31air. " 


pnawt.... 

inaw...., 

iBav..... 

er  Islands., 

nd  Haven.. 

foseph^... 

oygan.... 

ukie 


line 

losha. 

iik^gan 

ago...'. 

biganCity I 


I|£i£^>A> 


t-- 


1. 

Goal. 

1. 

Tons. 

-  • 

•  • 

iM 

•  •  •  ttttM 



M 

J 

-••....J 

•  ••....^^ 

•   •    •   •  ••>!»  ." 

•  •  •••».«,; 

•  •  •  ••'III. 

*" ^ 

**5' 

•  •  •  •iHi,  ; 

H.  Doc.    136. 

STATEMENT-^ontinued. 


^,.  J-WI  ut. -^V, 


m  ■  -'^ 

1 

ioa_ 


.H.  Doc.  186. 

STATEMENT— Continued. 


PorU. 

,    Corn. 

Com  meal. 

Cotton. 

Cranberries. 

Deer  ikit 

Bushels. 

Barrels. 

• 

Bales. 

Barrels. 

Pach. 

Silver  Creek 

Dunkirk.. 

Barcelona 

Erie 

Conneaut u 

Ashtabula 

Madison  Dock 

Fairport 

Black  River.. ....... • 

Vermillion 

Cleveland 

Huron  and  Milan 

Sandusky 

13,' 269* 

12,121 

i'.m 

2,200 

13,201 

30,387 

458, 502 

220,051 

297.114 

43,740 

1,828)502 

19,615 

"""223,' 264' 
2,100 

•  • 

•  • 

227" 

•^3 

«•  '"v^ 

::::::::4f:; 

** *• 

■"" 2" 

28" 

1 

i 

i 

-1 

• 4: 

' 

Fremont 

Toledo , 

'"""'"i,-643' 

310 

333 
264 

" 746" 

f 

Monroe •> 

Gibraltar 

Detroit 

"  ^ 

1 

Trenton 

St.  Clair 

VH 

Mackinaw 

Green  Bay. 

Beaver  Islands 

* 2" 

* 43' 

2 

•  •  •  •*•«•.£ 

St.  Joseph' 

Sheboygan 

Milwaukie •....- 

20,907 

23,"  548 

9,577 

6,498 

12,639 

3,351,888 

318, 363 



5 

Kenosha 



Waukegan 

3a" 

•  «  •C«.«>4^a  •  •  • 

s' 

.. ...... 

Michigan  City........ 

__ 

Canada..' ....• 

5,938,738 
8 

2,929 

310 

1,417 

Total 

5,938,746 

2,929 

310 

1,417 

-    1 

• 

-     „ 

Deer  tku 


Packs. 

•  •  • 

•  •  • 

•  •  • 

■  •  • 

•  •  • 

•  •  * 

•  •  • 

'2 

23! 
64 

•  •  • 

40 

•  •  ■ 

•  ■  ■ 

•  •  • 

•  •  • 

2 

43 
2 
5 

•  •  • 

•  •  • 

8 

? 

•  •  ■  •  «  *  1  ■• 

*» 

f 

1 

• 

17 

•  •  • 

17 

H.  JDoc.  J86.Xt 

STATEMENT-Continucd 


10^ 


H.-^aa       3.336        i;^ 


J 


! 
*  I' 

',    '    r 


i<   r  '/> 


'Li 


>'i 


*  t     "  * '       AI* 


110 


^ 


I  ■  :  V 


|.'i 


STATEMENT— Continued. 


Fiah. 

Firewood. 

Flax  and  hemp. 

Flaxseed. 

PorU. 

Barrels. 

Corda. 

Bale*. 

T^ona.    . 

Sacks. 

Bamli. 

SilTerCrwk 

Dunkirk  •••• •• 

7' 

«■««•••••    •••••••***    •••••••***    • 

Barcelona  ....«•••••• 

Eri •• 

Conneaat 

Aihrabula 

IdadiaonDock....... 

Fairport.... ,.•• 

4 
........J. 

!!!'.!!.... 

181 

73 

U 

tIM 

Black  KiTsr 

Vermillion 

443' 

361" 

•  •••••"•• 

■'■•••  •••• 

ID 

« 

» 
J 

n 

•  •  •  •••((•« 

1 

•  •  •••••IH 

•  •••••*«■« 

Cleveland •••• 

Huron  and  Milan. . . . 
.    Sanduaky •• 

6 

.••••• 

190 

i      Fremont •••• 

353 

*"i,'567* 

697' 

"■'3,' 495* 

973 

1,506 

7 

\ 

853 

963 

•  •••«•%•■•'• 

Monroe ••••• 

-  Gibraltar 

Detroit »....•• 

Trenton 

St.  Clair 

Sa^aw..... 

Mackinaw 

GreenBav 

Grand  Haven... 

43" 

•  •^•••r.M 

Bt  JoMpnv 

8be\)oysan...' 

Mil*auki« 

728 
544 
S66 

3 

480 

9 

*" 4' 

••«     •••••« 

iw 

RaciN ••• 

KenoiOui "* 

Waukegan 

Chicago.... 

•r        Michigan  City 

•     •••!••••* 

»    •••■••••• 

!**"i,'i33 

70 

'  ".*.*..*.*i!'i 

■    ■•tesiiH 

• 

.    . 

9,979 

•      9 

• 

2,471 

113 

1,338 

1.1 

Canada. .<» 

83 

Total  .....>•>•• 

9,981 

89 

2,471 

113 

1,338 

1,8 

"                                   ■         ,                                                                     1 

.    - 

■        ■                      .•       ■ 

%)» 

• 

-• 

r 
? 

^■4^tytl  i^ 

I  Dock ••^•••« 


vemiUioD  •••••••••« 


pooroe .,, 

oton  »^*  •••••••««, 


HI  boc*  186* 

STATEMENT-Continued. 


Ill 


Boxe..       BMketi.       Sackt, 


r  Creek  •• 

^•••••••••■, 

■•••• «•••••••••«, 

oteMiie  •••••••••«, 

diiMDook..^.... 

K>n«  •'•>•••«•••,, 

Venaillion 

b/MTBMlnl  ••■••••«••• 

Soioo  and  Milan  . . . 
<l<»k7 ,. 

roMOt  •••••••••••», 

pibnllir.  •••••••♦.., 

vll.  •#••••••••«,, 

OHHI  *^*  •■«•••  ,»«,l 
i*yllir»«  •!•••  •••••« 

ew  ••••••••••«, 

>  •  •  *••  •  •  ••  • 

a?erbknde....... 

w«Hft?en 

.Joeeph'ii....,....! 

'•••••••••  •  •  •  • 


••••••■••a 

5 

6 

4,079 

S4 

•* ••!••••. 

618 

S58 

6,953 

360,059 

a.  013 

91,405 

..8.1.1  |--T 

78,977 

•  • •      • •  •• . 

370,551 


400 
33 


>  ••  •  • 


rCity. 


1.904,643 
11,960 


1,316^603 


8.385 

6,461 

506 

80,035 

17,731 

1,913 

""'Ill  


:•>'<',.  »,«'Vi    Til,  i  if 
'       '.  -'  ''^'   ..J     ' 

'I.J'. 

■  ••I' a. 


4 


II 


«  » 


v'^ 


f<.' 


'tffPt^^  ^^^^^-^  ■■'i£!-r„er\   • 


t 


^^ 


STATEMENT— Continued. 


Porta. 


Furniture. 


t ••• •  •  •  • 


Boxes.      Packagef. 


Silver  Creek 

Dunkirk 

Barcelona . 
Erie.. 

Qpnneaut ...•. 

Ashtabula 

Madison  Doek 

Fairport 

BlacK^River. . .    

Vermillion 

Cleteland., 

Huron  and  Milan.  • . . 

Sandusky 

Fremont 

Toledo 

Monroe 

Gibraltar 

.  Detroit • 

Trenton »••• 

St.  Clair 

Saginaw.  ...•...••••• 

Mackinaw •  •  • 

Green  Bay  . . . . , 

Beaver  Islands 

Grand  Haven . . . 

St.  Joseph's 

Sheboygan 

Milwaukie 

Racine 

Kenosha  ........... 

Waukegan 

Chicago • 

Michigan  City 


•••••• 


10 

31 

S 

7 
7 


»••«•••< 


2 
24 
45 

3 


93 
2 


73 
57 

14 

28 

18 

506 

SO 

51 


Lota. 


Furs. 


Packa. 


..a......' 


2 


.•*•••< 


42 


Bozea. 


•••••••• 

a  •  •  •  •  •  a^ 

•••■••a* 

,••■•••••• 

>•••«•       ••• 

!■•••••• 


227 


>•••«•••* 


18 


*  •  •  •  •  f  •  • 


•■•••••• 

•••••••• 

••«•■••• 
•at***** 

■asaaaaa* 
^••••aaaa 

.•••aaaa* 
laaaaa*** 


180 

32 

160 

134 


•••••aaaa 
•aaaaaa** 
aaaaaaaa* 


kaaaaaaa*. 
a  •  a  a  «  a  a 


I  a  a  a  a  a  *  a 

0   I  a  a  a  •  •  a 


••••aaaaa 


»»aaaasai 

7 


•aaaaaaa ' 

3 


Casks. 


.  •  •  •  a  •  ■ 


•  •  a  a  a  •  i  t 
■aaa***, 

aaaa*'««i 

•  a  a  a  ^ava 


24 


467 

9 

425 


»»»*•••* 


369 


25 


.  *  •  a  a  a  a  • 


,  a  s  •  a  a  •  a 


20 

aaa*«t«** 

47 
94 
59 
15  2 
10 
377 


44 


32 


Canada . . . 
Total, 


317 
10 


•  •  •  • 
•aaaaaaaa* 
•  ••.aaataa 
••a.aaaaa* 
••••aaaaai 

1 
1 


1,917 

8 


327 


1,925 


•aaaaaaa 

•aaaaa*aaa|^ 
a  •  a  •  a  a 


•  aaa*aaaa< 

,   82 


,  a  a  a  •  •  a  a 


24 
2 
6 

•aaaaaaaa 

31 

.••aaaaaa* 

,^aaaa>aaa 

aaaaaaaa* 

'a*l-a»aaaaaa« 

1 

•aaaaaaai 
•taaaaali 
»*%*•••• 

4 
4 


11 

.6 


6 
83 
17 


tvaaaaaaa 


•  a  •  t  • 

a  a  a  a  ■  1  ■ 


■  a  •  •  t  •  t 

•  a  a  a  ■  •  ■ 


I  a  a  •  •  •  t 


37 
6 


43 


546 


■  •  •  •  •  a  a  < 


a 


a  •  •  •  aaii 


a  ■  •  aaai 


2,274 


3,2g5 


115 


115 


Silver  Creak 

Duokirk 

BoKe'ona. .*.". 

5"* 

Gonneaut i 

Aihubula 

MadisonDock 

S"-?"" ......'.■ 

Bhek  River 

Venniluon , 

Cleveland ', 

Hiiraftandl^ilan. 

Sandusky. , 

fVemont. 

Toiodo :;:.T 

.Monroe I 

Gibrn'tar 

Dew" 

L2;"- 

Maekimw / 

iBesver  Isliuida (" 

|GmndHaven».... .  ■  ••■ 
Eos.pl.^..l..•.::::::: 
*KilE•.::::::,•**•^•• 

ane. 

ina. .,.,.,,,        I 

Bi'w*-. • 

'lithiganCity |.,^ 

Total... 


y 


"'  ..&  .:!' 


*•  IBS?" ''^'  ■^^ )?  f  '^-^   'vi:i^.fi  "'   Y 


^-  Doe.   13«. 

STATEMENT^ontinued. 


lift 


p 


114 


H.  X)oc.   1361 

STATEMENT— Continued. 


Boxes, 


CaskB.      Packages. 


Tons.        Barrels.       Barrels. 


!•••••• 

.....'•••  ••!•• 


SiWerCreek 

Dunkirk •••• i* 

Barcelona g^g  302  349  |  j4    

Eri«  •••; •••!""iT.'.'.*.*.".".*.'..  34    

Gonneauu | * i 


Ashtabula 
Madison  Dock.. .I"- 
Fairport . .  • 
ackf 


1  • .  • . . ' 


I  • . .  •  •  < 
4d 


I  •  ■    •  •  • 
!•  •    •  •  •  • 


/  73 


BlackEiver. -    .„  , 

Yermillion ["{m  270  325  (  «»       

Cleroland 1' |^* y\ >' 

Huron  and  Milan -^  I  i\ l-"*  I 


12 


19*' 
19 





14 

3  I... 

.•••|« • « 

10  ....••• 


28. 


Sandusky 

Fremont •  •  ■  • 

Toledo 

Monroe 

Gibraltar 

.Detroit 

Trenton 

St.  Clair 

Saginaw ' 

Madtinaw 

^reen  Bay 

Beaver  Islands .... 

Grand  Haven ■ 

St.  Joseph's 

Sheboygan 

Milwaukie 

Sicino 
enosha i-  i ;...i ••\ 

Waukegan •• 

Chicago 1     1 1 

Michigan  City •••••• 

1,830  1  610 

Canada. 1 

1,830 


569 


t  •  fl  •  •  •  ■ 


11 


,»•■••••• 

i  •  • 

,,,t«a»e* 

•  •§•••       •  • 

■••••••• 


1 1"" 

•  ••••!•• 

•  ••••••  •!•  'Qp* 

I 

,. 

■••••••••!••• 

•  •  ••  • 


I  ••  •    •  •  • ' 


1 1  ■  •  •  •  * 


50    .... 


■•••■• 

»  •  •  •  •  I  •  •  • 


•  •••••> 

< •  * 


1 
611 


710 
710 


49 


102 
10 

288 
3 


49 


291 


1,1» 


Porta. 


Silver  Creek 

Dunkirk 

Barcelona 

£rie.... ,, 

<5onne(*it .) 

Asfalabi^la 

ModisoitDock 

Fairport 

Black  River 

Termillion ■. ... 

Cleveland 

Huron  and  Milan  .... 

fwidusky 

Fremont 

[Toledo 

(Monroe- i, 

jGiliraltar 

I^'n'it 

n)»;!»? 

fPlwr. 

S^'l'?'' 

jMaekioaw 

[Beaver  Wands 

K,^  {»«>?•>'• 

Sheboyjian I    , 

^'''•Mkie I    , 

^™"« 

"^•"kegan I    , 

Cbicago 

IJichiganCity...";.".'.*;!     __ 


Jiado... 
Total: 


4, 


WH'  ^« 


Porta. 


^' I>oc.    136- 

STATEMENT-ContinueA 

Grindstonee.     j  Hats.   |     Ha.>, 
N°-     I   Tona.  I  CasM. 


ll«r 


Silver  Creek f 

Dunkirk 

Barcelona , 

Erie I 

<Somemt I 

Aehlabila I 

ModimikDock I 

Fairport ' 

BlackRiver 

Termillion " 


•  ••  •  •  •! 


303 


Huron  and  MUan....        'jff  I    ^'^S  s 

Sandueky ^''f 

Fremont '| 

Toledo. 


82 
190 
133 

18 


270      8,810 
I  971 

9  I        550 


Fremont *    

Toledo , I  c7l  a 

Monroe. ;;•••• 13  "'iy\    -  .^J    

^iroit I     -v •••        %\^   

*•?'"'• f '  ^"^ 

^•f?" i 

■g-wnBa^ •• ■•• 

B-^'y'nd. :: ^® 

KJmodHaven / 

gl-Jr""'* ••*•.■•■■.':: •••...::::::::"•• :••••••.. 

£'.«'»Ff» j '••       M 

^awha ,  °^ 

?«uke«in .  I    1»30 

•  Buac^n I 

■"^-^-city ...■:::::::: hs" 


303 
875 
308 


19         

*^  I 


nada.,... 


4,753 


^'"''- <.7i3       I.tIT 


4' 


. '       J  . 


.'■^- 


,1! 

If 


lift 


SilTer  Creek. 
Dnnkirk 


S03   


1 


••• 


2,149 


^93 

BtiOi 

Oonneant  ••••^ 

Ariitabula.-* ••* 

MadkwnDo* 

IWrport 

Black  Riwr 

VemuUion 

CHeTetand...v, 

Hnron end  Milan- 

Sandoaky •  * ' 

ftemont I""i6!954r"29.9"'8 

Toledo 1,033   

Monioo 

Gibraltar 4156 

Djw't- ::: :..- 

Treoton  ..• *• 

gi.CUur ' 

N  8aglBaw..»«»" 

liMkinaw 


265 
19 


'-ai 399 

.< I"  ■ 


851 


3  !•••••• 

"4  I • 

...< ,• 

46  l;....««***r«'" 
,.1 ........ 


10» 


,. I* 


S9 


710 


1  1... ...... 

•• 

3  I*......*. 

19  I. ......•• 

3  !.•••.. .... 

19  I  1 


....1 1 

8t.Jo.eph''.-  — » 

a-boftan ••    •; 1  3 

MUmokie ••; 

Baeiae I'".. ^••'I  I         1 "V 

Kj«»ha... "i.:     :::.. :::a  — ri/iri 98  1  i 

Waakesan 5,086 

Chicago.... I       ^  £11 

Michigan  City  ' 


1,30T 
1 


Canada 


Milf-uwa 

5«"'« * 

l^T!^ 

Wiuliegan. 

iJ*?*" 

Michigan  City 


i      ■* ' 


Porta. 


Hi*  Doc.  186, 

STATEMENT^ontinued. 

Hardware. 
»««••    I    Barrel..    I  Bundle,.  I    R^ 


IIT 


•Silrer  Creek .,1 

Dankirk [T 

Bareelona ^• 

Erie I  --  I 

<7onntoat, 


.  • .  • . 
. . . . . 


Ene ?S\ ••         1,491 

<3onii«aut .    ^f                 9                 g 

Aehiabula I  „i I 

BfMliMnDoek... ^^ 19  I 

Fvurport .*  I';; ; 

BhclTRirer. ;; •• — ' 

Vermillion 4  J I 

CleTelafld .i::    ^- 7    "•• 

Huron  and  Milan •  '  ?  59  462 

SwiduekV «»  1  I    .. 


>•••••••. 


Huron  and  Milan 

Swidueky 

Fremont.. ..«...,,,,.. 

Toledo...   .........; 

Monroe 

«'H«"  — '• " 

Detro" JO*      *•• ••... 


462 
1 

4  1  28 

o 


32 

*  I 

... 
10 


am            .,            "I********..!                                                              ---i--»»ee 
™-^i>^ .....;;; 

^(Bpjnn '..I  .1 ,.| 

$'''»•««' 13    •• 

5«'»<» ' 5  la  


Kmoaha.... |      **"*3' 


Wfttkepm ^    13 

iS!"??®-". 29"""' '• 

MichiganCuy f^  l""- 9 

iiiLiii:"-- 


•335  tons  from  Ogdenebuig. 


t  From  England. 


-*??" 


'     ,      0    "I  . 


1:  "/ 


i      'I    . 

!  *       I      * 

<    F*  »  'I 


i 


I  'I 


i  W/  "' 


.r..i 


•^    * 


'it,       "y 
(I 


'  it  '• 


^'  I 


118 


fl.rDoc.   136. 

STATEMENT— Continued. 


Iron. 


Poits.- 


Lard. 


Casks. 


Bundles 


Kegel    of     Barrels.'*'        Caska. 


■*•••■•• 


'  ■ 


SilTer  Creek. 
Dunkirk . 
Barcelona: 

Urie 

Coniteaul.. 

Ashtabula., 

Madison  Dock. 


Fair  port 

31w;k 
Vwmillion 


207 


.  t^ 


Bkyck  River i 

Cleveland  ..■•■ 

Huron  and  Muan...i 

|3anduaky 

Fremont 

Toledo 

Monroe 

•Gibraltar 

Detroit 

Ttenjo""'**** 

Bt  Clair 

Saginaw.. ••• | 

Mackinaw  •. 

Gfeen«Ba7 .<•••• 

Beaver  Island*. 

Grand  Haven.^ 

St.  JoaephM. . « •  • 

Sheboygan  

Milwaoki* 

Racine 

Kenoaha 

Waukfgan *•••• 

Chiea|(0 *. 

Mkhigan  City 


,.. ..... 

I. ...•■• 
93 

44 


72 


1 
80 
..1. 


naiils.'' 


2,694 


503 


Kega.. 


a 


30    1 

,  ^a  ■  •  •  •  •  • 

»••••■• 
••••••• 





•••••• 


•  •  •     •  •  •  ' 


2 

•  •  • 

•  •  • 

a 


•  •  •  ■  a 
(  •  •  •  < 


•^••' 


18 


13 
23 

8 


Canada... 
Total. 


456 

84 


540 


197 


-      3 

6 

2,112 

13 

374- 

9 

2,767 

13 

Ka»a««'>''' 
a  ^* •••••• 

•  •••k 

54 

7 
3,G46 
329 


.     ■  571 
5 

>•••••      ••• 

.••••"•••■ 

551 

•   9*««»    •••• 
««•••■•••• 

•  ••••••■•• 

»••••••••■ 

•  ••••••••• 

•  •••••••■ 

•  •••••••< 

•  •••■•■•• 

•  ••••••• 

•  ••••«••• 

•  •  • 


13J 

'm 

I 

1 

"ill 


•3,951 


197 


3,951 


9.354 


826 
529 


-•  •  t  •  • 


2,482 


9,354  2,462 


2,51^ 


2,5" 


Ports. 


Silrer  Creek....... 

.     Dunkirk'.. 

Barcelona 

Erie \ 

Conneaut ^.,.. 

Ashtabula 

Madison  Dock...... 

^'Fairpor^ 

Black  River ,, 

.  Vermiflion 

Cleveland. [ 

Huron  and  Milan....* 

Sandusky 

Fremont....... 

Toledo .,,. 

Monroe ^ 

Gibraltar.. 

Detroit .^.., 

Trenton 

St.  Clair 

Saginaw 

Mackinaw 

Q'wnBjiv 1 

Bejiver  Wanda........ 

Qnnd  Haven 

St.  Joseph'*. 

Sheboygan 

Milwaukie 

5»e"'«- 

KenoDha ., , 

J»^"k<«M> '.'/.'... 

Michi^  City .'.**.' ■.■.';' 

Canada. ...» 

Total. .„.......<. 


•750  ke^s  from  Ogdenaburg. 


. 

» 

- 

« 

^ 

,                    ^ 

J 

I. 

/ 

« 

r 

'■»• 

'■-J^'^:'.    ■' 

• 

■                                        -                      .                        , 

4^ 

3" 

. 

* 

,L'm»d 

H.  Doc.  13a. 

STATEAfENT^Conti„,,d. 


lt» 


Silwr  Creek...... 

Dunkirk'., 

Barcelpna , 

Erie 

Conneaut., 

Ashtabula  , 

Madison  Dock. ...'■,'.'.' \' 

'■Fairport .-...; 

Black  River. , . .  

.  Vermiflion ""    | ...■ 

Cleveland. 

Huron  and  Milan. ....)" 

Sandusky '  "" 

Fremont 

Toledo „., 

Monroe , 

Gibraltar.. 

Detroit 

Trenton ;..; 

St.  Clair 

Saginaw 

Mackinaw '•■- 

Green  Bay. 


WIslanda........ ••.. f... 

S^Jowph'* 2 

Stts:.;:;::;;::;. e'iiff-::::::;::.  .•:::::::  ;;• '^i' .•.•;:.•:::::.:: 

ir- ""••'•••■••■■■■■" :: ■••-::.•::::: ^'  * 

'§?•••! JO  964      oA"    ■ •••• 


C»o*^ 

Total. ,.......<.. 


\i' 


>» 


■'■'{'"■ 


v; .  'i 

r  It 


'»     '»: 


I 


I.' 


If 


Jit  ■■>.-■ 


■i 


<  ^  .  I. 


y      ,  .  f 


I 

■ 

•1 

I'll 


A* 
Ill 


V 


n 


'^♦"^' 


■.ia 


^<l!siA"'^vV.,  .    ,,       AljiKisS 


ISO 

M-' 

I.     1/U«. 

.     »«rw* 

■         , 

.     gxiTEMENT— Continued. 

-^t "' 

Bit 

Lumber. 

lV>rU. 

ick  walnut. 

Oak  timber.             ' 

Feet. 

Tons. 

Piecea. 

Feet. 

Tone. 

Piecta;, 

-  «aTer  Creek 



•••••••••    * 

Dunkirk 

•  •  •  ■  • 

•  •••,«•«•• 

Barcelona 

«rie...  

Omneaat • 

., 1 

•  •  •  e^e  •  •  •  •  • 

Aah  tabula 

•  •  •#  •  eii*** 

Jfadison  Dock 

Vairport 

Black  River. 

39 

'"ioiooo" 

"Vermillion 

19,677 

36 

Cleveland...... 

Huron  and  Milan 

'"'"ioo* 

120 

•  ■'■■••  ••• 

Bandutky ...... 

166,870 

97 

S6 

523' 

717 

•  •■••'••••a 

1,488 

S8( 

Framont 

Toledo 

Monroe 

\. .. 

ieoi" 

ChbcaHar 

76 

Detroit 

Trantott 

•^••'    ' 

SL(Mair. 

•\" 

•  •  •  )  «  •'••*•  g 

«agin»w 

•  •> 

ifUekinaw 

•••'••••,••1 ••• 

CkaeaBay 

Beaver  Islanda 

<]fand  Haven 

.     140,000 

..^•••••* 

1 

^.Joaeph's 

^RMboyiEan 

,    ,.^...... 

1            MUvaukie 

k ri 

^            'B«!i"* 

■     »•••••••• 

.    .....•■**• 

'i            JLeooaha 

•    ••••••••• 

.;,.., 

% 

4             Waakegan 

464 

3 

^hicafiio 

jfiBhican  City. 



•     ■e******* 



•tf%ttMd&.  •••••#•••«• 

360,462             153 
..     301,017    

1,511 

10,000 
.     376,957 

624} 

%6(1 

•    • 

Total 

..     661,479              153 

1,511       386,957 

624i 

2,8*1 

«•'«■.  C«ek 

5"°''."* ' 

B«««'<"M , 

5^« 

Meduon  Dock 

l^.,^^' I 

I  SS5d° 

BBfflnMdMaw'i^';;;, 
Sudosky ,  ' 

te"' I 

iT" , 

^^- 

T!2li; 

l"^ 

^» 

&.Joieph'. • 

iMilwaiiie..., • 

te--- I.:; 


M 


i.  Doc  136. 

^TEMENT--Continued. 

I-nniber,  shingle.,  4c. 


1«1 


I  I     okc.  I  /  I  '  * 


•••••• «..,| 


^Silver  Craek 

'^nW* 

B^'oM 

*^« 

Conmaut 

Aihtabula...     

Maduon  Dock 

^^'i. 

V«™'"'»n 

.Cle»el«nd 

mmmiMOKn...., 
*ndn>k)r 

W"* 

St" 

"°1™«- 

Gibnltar. 

I"5,'°? 

Jf^.C"'- 

fjP!»» 

Mackimur 

iQmndBwen 

str 

Pfwkfgtn.... 

^W^go 

City.... 


.■ ., 

r... 

•• 

151,113 







.     71,000 
230,000 

110,666' 
I 

86,000 

51,000 



•••«. 







'• 

, 





•••• 



* 

•■.... 

'•• 

••• 


375,998 
,  520,500 
^.757.397 

2,986,118 
871,400 
405,415 
256,000 
133.000 
ifi.143,.. 
650,053  L 
304,950 
.  121.387 
1.616,814 
1.745,640 
„  271,000 
8.953.714 
,  3p9, 193 
1,989,033 
3,938^549 


81,773,633 


"• ••. 

' 

• 


-.000 .. :. 

iH 000 ...:':: 



:;:; ••:••.•:.•:.•.•::; 

;;---""-"f"::::::: 
106. 000' :::::::;:;•; 


■     ■■'■'■^'  •;•  -111 

,':> .  mm 


\ 


.  f  ■ ' 


t  i  *  sp       I   5i  » 


'.t 


■  j --  '^■-  ■  *  -  —'  ^-'—  ■  Fit- 

■i-  •h"i.-''?:-?'Ht|| 


♦'i 


'.    1 


r 


1 


»» 


.ikl 


1«2 


H.  Doe.   186. 

STATEMENT— Continued. 


Port8. 


>••••••• 


Silver  Creek 

Dunkirk.. . . 

Bsrcctoha . . 

Erie 

Conneaut.. 

Ashtabula. 

Madison  DoeS. ...... 

Fairport....; 

BlacltRiTcr 

Vermillion 

Cleveland '[[ 

Huron  and  Milan. !.!.*i 

Sandusky...  dk. 

f^^™*"" ■% 

Jol^o-.,i.^^.^ 

Monroe.,.'......,.... 

OibnUir ."....... 

P*"""' 

J""'"? ^.... 

St  Clair r 

Svinaw 

^"•""■w .'.'.' 

Wr  Wanda 

Grand  Hayen 

S'-J»«Pl>'« ,..., 

"fkfgan 

Michigan  Ciiy 


cP' 


Ports. 


H4  Doc.   186. 

STATEmiVT_Co„d„„cd 

Medicines 
BArrela.    |    Sacks. 


12» 


Boxes. 


Silrer  Creek.. 
Dunkirk....! . 
Bsccsteha .... 

firie 

Conneaut 

Avhtabula. .... 
Madison  Di>e£. 

Fairport 

Blaclf.  River .. . 

Vermillion 

Cleveland 

Huron  and  Milan.!.!* 
Sandusky...  .a.....; 

F"";*"" ■% 

Toledo  ;,,i.,„.^ 

^onroe.... ; I  ""    J  Ji4    I  65 

Qt^nitir I  -* 

Delroit I ^'i 

Trenlon....... 


Merchandise. 
Boxes.    I  Packages.  I  Barrels. 


93 


19 


21 


f-pl-" .^ 

g?'"?'' •  •• ., 

QreenBay ^ 

B«wr  Islands i! „ 

O^ndHsyen !:;     ;; 

^"w- ''^     

^•"Pjha • 

^fok'g"" ; 


63 


38 


la 


MichipwCrty 


C«nada..,..., 

Total I 


47     ^ 


r  S ;      .  • 


^ 


V 


!  '•>..' 


2'  ■  '  'ill 

'!W'"'  .   '.iiti 


'M 


,.*»■ 


#  t 


'  *, 


/ 


1114 


H.  Doc   186. 

STATEMENtr— Continued. 


1-^ 

Oata. 

n:i 

Nutt.       ; 

Ull. 

Peru. 

Rarrela. 

Caaka. 

EKttea. 

Buahela. 

Barrela. 

3oxe8. 

■ — •- 

•••••••••    • 

SiWer  Creek 

^j 

•  ••• 

Dunkirk 

Barcelona 

Erie 

Oonneaat 

m" 

3 

18,406     . 

"a                 895    . 

31     . 

Aahtabttla.... 

Madison  Dock 

Ptirport 

Black  River. 

Vermillion 

Cleveland..... 

Huron  and  Milan  ....•• 

6* 

28 

28 

2 

317 

6 

b231 

38 

19? 

33 

'!"47" 
4 

':    '1 
17 

"il" 

8,000 

12,600 

4,096 

70,691 

60,374 

73,734 

14,644 

1            70,397 

5,969 

794 

10 

362 

G 

iii 

18 

San«W"»y 

-  Jiampnt. • 

Toledo 

«i  ■  ■  fc«  t  ft  • 

n  i  •  «  .  •  J 

4,699 
63 

ii 

Monroe 

Gibraltar 

47,' 797" 

36 

Detroit 

V 

Trenton 

•  • 

St.  Clair 

Saginaw 

Mackinaw 

0 

••« 

Green  Bay.. 

Beaver  U  and* 

,::.::".:::::: :.. 

Grand  Haven 

'in 

"i^ *"385* 

St.Joaeph'a 

15 

1 

Sheboygan 

Milwaukie 

36,883 
62,739 

.    Racine 

Kenoaha 

Waukegan 

33 

; 9* 



46.453 

24,662 

479,388 

9* 

•  •••••**• 

Chicago,.......' 

Michigan  CUy 

.     ••••••• 

96,130 

•^    ••••••••• 

978 

69 


16 

1,131,433 
2,378 

6,023 

2» 

Canada ••  • 

TotJ ,        978           69 

16 

1,133,811          6,023 

2S 

— 

Silver  Creek 

Dnnkirk 

B«»™e'°"* 

•"'■ 

Conn««u' ;. 

Afhtebula..     

MadwonDock „, 

Black  River 

gj""'""*- 

Huron  and  Milan 

Sudoeky 

Fremont 

si'^jj- ''y. 

J*.j"'p« ......: 

g^nltar ; 

S^« 

T"»|°? 

^■^ 

SP™" I 

J^S.: 

Beavwlitwda 

Qnuid  Haven 

g^ph^ 

Minnuiija.  . 

\^r^-' 

pi^MCuy I 


-k 


« 


,v. 


(p." 


i  ■   V   ' 


ioxes. 


Porta. 


H.  Doc.  iSd. 

STAmfENT^Continued. 

Oilcake. 


J25 


Silver  Creek 

Dankirk 

Baroelona 

Etm 

Cooneaut 

Ath  tabula 

Madiaon  Dock. . . . 

Pairport 

BlackRiver 

^1 

VennL'lion 

157    ■ 

Cleveland 

Huron  and  Milan.. 

18   1 

flanduaky 

FremonL 

si  1 

Toledo 

WSWoe ........... 

Gibnitar ■. 

Detroit 

Trenton 

a,  Clair 

^U 

ft«inaw 

Maekina«r..' ,. 

"9 ^g 

OieenBay 

Beaver  lilanda 

Qiwid  Haven 

^./oa^ph"*. 

Stessv 

5^*"*? • .' 

^""Jha..-' 

MiclnganCity 

Total 


4: 


i 


I 
<     t 


.    •  I-  '      '.•■♦»,       I"      * 

r       *  !   *  ♦        ''tl  ■ 


,\v 


,t 


•<"    ..*!>   :iJ     <  'J.J 


-.] 


1:11 


If 


fc 


/.'■■' 


'*•-    ''i. 


1^6 


Hi'  Doc.  18<r. 

STATEMENT— Continued. 


Portt. 


Paper. 


Pianoi.      Plaster. 


Bundles. 


>••••••• 


SilTOf  Creek 
Dunkirk.... 
Barcelona 

Brie •• 

Conneaut ...*..•• 

Ashtabula 

Madison  Dock 

Pairport ••• 

BlacK  River .  .....••••• 

^yermillion.  ..•• 

'Cleveland  , . .  • 

Huron  and  Milan ...... 

Sandusky 

Fremont 

Toledo.. 't 

Monroe 

Gibraltar 

Detroit.. « ] 

Trenton... • 

St.  Clair 

Saginaw 

Mackinaw •  •  •  • 

Qreen  Bay 

Beaver  Islands 

Qrand  Hayan 

St.  Joseph's^ 

Sheboygan....  ... 

Milwaukie .... 
V    Hacine 

Kenofha 

Waukegan ..»•. 

Chicugo> •  •  •  • 

Michigan  City .. . ..... 


Boxes. 


I ...... . 

........ 

■ . . . 


474 


•  •  •  • 

»•■•••••• 

•••■••••■ 

•••••••••• 

3,706 
294 
580 

«•••■••••< 
•••■•••••I 

42 


33 


Rolls. 


»  t  »  • 
••••••■ 


••••••••• 

!••••■••< 

(■•••••••< 

1  •••«••■•*' 

1 

••••••••• 

•■•••••■• 


•■•■•••»** 
•••••••••• 

••      ••••••• 

■••••••••• 

••>••••      ** 

••■•••••* 

••••••••• 

••••••••• 

200 
......... 


Number. 


Tons. 


Peasahtt 
beans. 


Barrels. 


••••••• 

••••••• 

•   t  •  •  •  •  • 

I 



!.«•*•••• 

•  •  •  •  •  • 


•  •  •  •  t  •  I 


N.. 


1,000 

••••••••• 

••••••••• 

,«••••••■* 

,»••••■••• 

(••••••••• 

,•»••••    ■•  •  • 

.■•••••••' 


#•••••* 
««••••••• 


••••■•• 
•  •••••• 

2 
1 

•••••••• 

■•••«••• 
•■•••••• 

•••■••• 

■••••••• 


3 
6 


)••••■••• 

5 

■  •••a  •••• 

••••••••■ 

«••••••«•■ 

••■••••••• 

.     84 


[■••••••a* 


•••«••••• 


I  •  •  •  •  •  •  • 


22 

68 

3 


•  •• 


•  ■  •  •  •  • 


1 


Canada  . . . . 
ToUl. 


5,01)6 


5,096 


122 


122 


1,200 


1,200 


•  •••|a«*******' 

■  ••■•••  1  • 
•••   ••■•• 

••■•••••• 

••••••■•• 

««•■••••* 
••••••••• 

•••••••aaa 

•••••••a 


■»•••••• 

«•■••■■• 


18 


41 

3 

10 

204 

43 
•285 


t  •  ••••*t 


80 
1 


18 


90 


4 

10 


753 

m 


9)3 


Silver  Creek I 

Dunkirk I"" 

Isf'^"' .::: 

™" ••••••...1., 

Conneaut. 

Ashtabula •"• 

Madison  Dock 

BlaskRiver ,(       ■" 

Vermillion.......     :    

Ctevehnd :         

Huron  and  Milan...    ' 

I  es^-::;:::::::;. ••■•■•■•■ 
StS::::;::::::;:  ••••••: 

Qihralur J 

Trenton '  "*••• 

ft.  Clair. 

iMtekuiaw. • 

|BetT?rI«lind.....:  ; 

G«nd  Haven....         :;;•••• 

«:::::::::: ••• 

Iti^ ' 

|W«uk*gan..... 

S'!'^"-"- 

VlidijgMj  City 


•'.1 


^l>ocv  1801 


SUver  Creek. . . , 

Dunkirk i 

ftureJona I 

Cooneaut. 

Aah  tabula 

Madison  Dock. . . 

,  JlKvV;::::::::-). .  ^ 

VemillioD.......     :    

Clwaland J    .*    

Huron  and  MiJan...; 

I  Fremont 

Toledo I     

Monroe ."I 

Oihrajur 

JTienton I-**.... 

Iff- Clair. ,  , 

|M«*u»w ' 

|B*»fW«nda 

JOnuidHaTen 

|St.Jo«ph'» , 

iKeooeha 

IWaukegBn. 

picago 

Micliigan  City. 


Total, 


i.    *  ^  .' 


.•"      I 


^.' 


t^i 


1» 


STATEMENT— Continued. 


Po»t». 


I  ••     •••«!• 


SQver  Cie«k 

DuDkirk 

BaiceloiHi' 

Btie i"'*y 

Conneaut ^^ 

Ashtabula 
Madiaon  Dock 

Pidrpoit.  ••••••• 

Black  RiTer 

Vennillion 

ClartAKod'..--- 

Huron  and  Minn. .  •  • 

Sandusky 

Piemont 

Tolodo 

Monroe 

Gibraltar .•••• 

Detroit 

Trenton ••• 

St.  Clair •• 

SaginaWxx* 

Maeldnaw.  •  •  •  

Green  Bay... 

Bearer  Islanda. ..... 

Grand  Haven 

St.  Joseph'! 

ShfAmynn . . . .  • 

Mihraokie.  ...•••  • 

Baieine 

IfafUMha ....«»»»..  • 

Waakegan 

Chieaco.'.  .....••••• 

Miehigan  City 


Canada. 


Total. 


Porte. 


SiJwr  Creek,...'... 

^™ 

CooneauL 

Artubula...     ;•••••• 

MidirooDock •••• 

BhckRjter... ......  I 

Vermilion...^..,.. 
CImtend...-.:     "* 
Haron  aod  Mi 
I  SiihlMky..  .i 
Premwit,...;.. 

2;ow«»-. ,    . 

Monroe, * 

fc^•••......::' 

i**""* 

i^'^'Z- I 

„   'te::::.- 

'^{<*«pi«^ 

"•"r-w" 

*i««'»« ' 

S; 

CT" 

T?:^*^ , 

••■....... ., 

City 


Total. 


i8.m 


10 


,-t'^' 


^'  Doc.  136. 

STATEMENT--Conti„ued. 


129 


Silver  Creek 
Dnnkirk..., 
BireeloM . . , 

Erie ,. 

ConneauL.,.. 
Athiibula.... 
Modiion  Dock 

wiport ; 

BkckHJ»er.... 

Vermilion... ».. 

Oerelend  . . . . 

Haron  aad  M| 

SiBdaiky..  . 

Pfemem,... 

TolediK 

jMonroe 

Gibmlear,.... 

lD««roil. 

[TfMtod....... 

|&.CWlr. 

|*«™» 

IMeckiMw..... 

'  Iifanda. , 
BiMdHarea.;, 
./oeeph'a.... 

^fojnn 

■'Iwnkie 

_  "■• 

b^ 

TfkegM , 


"* 


Total. 


t 


,# 


f '. 


t«.!' 


If 


H 


'■il^^Mii'k/.t''-    "*'"'." 


190 


H.  Doc.  13^* 

STATEMENT-^ntinued. 


Stone. 


Starch. 


Boxes. 


Sdrer  Creek..... 

Punkirk 

Barcelona 

Eriev T 

Conneant. .  i . . .  • 

-    Aeht***"'* 

Madison  Dock. > 

Fairport •  •  • " 

Black  River . . .  • 
i      Vermilion »•• 

i      Cle»el"n*:V/i'*" 
Huron  and  Milan 

fcndusky..** 

Fremont 

Toledo 

Monroe I'" 


»  ^•^  •  •  ••  •  ' 

i»aoee**e**« 


Grand  HaTcn.... 
Bt.  Joeeph'a...' 

Sheboygan I 

Milwwkie \ "; 

Bacine 

Kenosha . . 

Waukegan | j 

Chicago 

Michigan  City 

461 
Canada.  ' 


Porto. 


a'Irer  Creek.  >, . . 

Dunkirk.,..::: 

Erie :     •• 

ConneaDt......*  — :•• 

Afhoibuia :;•••••'•• 

MadiionDock.....*'**" 

'finver':::-'---'--! 

y«iMHioa.....   

CterehDd 

Huron  and  Milan" , 

Smdutkr  i 

KoS::::::::; ' 

iMoaroe ' 

.oibmiear...:: :: j 

ITrenion...... —  •       h 

.5S!f"-'-' 

SL,** 

«X:*'"* • 

P«iidHa»eii.;;;  •••••• 

N-pii'.....:: ' 

b"^" * 

K.::::::::: •— •• 

Nvn ;;; 

» :'•• -r. 


' 

/ 

- 

-« 

* 

• 

• 

- 

* 

* 

i 

' 

- 

■ 

•,i|B4'„.,„ 


i.^W;''S»»!i,.,  iditi!^':^iiiiii 


V  ,  -  '  a 


^!  Doc  13^  ; 


1st 


Porta. 


Sdw  Creek 

?'"''';'•'••. 

BirceloiM 

E"e 

Conimut 

Athtabula 

Madifon  Dock 

aS:::::::- 

,  Huron  and  Milan  ' 

\^<"ky ;; 

Fremont. 

JToiedo **•• 

pa---:.-:::.- 

•««' ....:: 

\r^^ 

.wriZid;****-- 

prwdHareo.  ;;;'••' 

|fM« : 

L* 

t-N.»::::;;::::: 

L.rP •••.... 


To**! :.. 


Sundriea.     t^,,^, 


Tea. 


Pack, 


^xe-SlSp-"^'-     Cheat,,     b:^ 


"•••••••.. 


,,  / I  on    I 

'"■3  -...??.:::•••••'■, 

.    I "•••••....    •  ^ 

a?  ••••••••4    .""r--'-^v 


•■».., 


/ 

,.,  ,     

''•••••• ,. 

"'"i"l 

'  **  ]••» 


•••V". 

■  •  •  A . . ,  ■ 

I  I  ■ .'. ' 

8)4      ....... 

as    .      '"I 


9>439 


^•i.'m 


•*  -  •  ■  f . 

,  ■  >.  ^     ** 

1     'fr  »  '.     -«. 


1., 


f 


,  i 


,*'  ii 


■  *',' 


1^1  '      ' 
.'if  .        i 

r     '. 


132 


< 


■    -STATEMENT— Continued. 


,.••••••• 

,.••••••• 

,,•••••••• 

,•••••••• 


Silver  Creek 

Dankirk I 

Barcelona... j 

Erie % 

Goaneaut .  ..•'•• 

Ashtabula 

Madiaon  Dock. .  • 

Fairport 

Black  RiTer 

Veratt'l'O"  ...••• 
Cleveland....  •• 
Huron  and  Milan 

Sandusky • 

Fremont 

Toledo ,  ,      

Monroe *   

Detroit 

Trenton ■ 

St.  Clair... 

Saginaw 

Madcinaw 


Type.  IVamiah. 


Boxes.  1  Barrels. 


•  •■■•*• 


■•••••• 


•.::::.:*.. - 

»•• 

; 

t ••••iv- 

;;         ao4        ae    

ono         ..  '•      1.  I  I- 


Silver  Creek... 

Dunttrk....   

Barcelona....; 

Erie ;;; I- 

Conneaut...,' 

A.huibu/«::::: •■ 

Madiwn  Dock 

fw'port...     • 

a«AR.r«::;:: •• 

Vermilion...'.. ■ 

Cleyelmd....; •• 

Huron  aAd  Alili^ •• 

s-tf-kf..... !?::::•••  •• 

Fremont •• 

Toledo...    : ••■ 

Monroe....;; 

G*«Jta,...  ;;■;; — 

Tkaroii ••• 

Tienton..       

St-Clair...   !••• 

oagimLv •••• 

M«ki«Mw..;; tv 

OreenBav..   •••«... 

o-MdHaven.:;::;:-!-- 


,  'liie«o .  I        - 

iMichSanCitv 

I  ' 


BL  Doe.  138. 

STATEMENT-C„„„wa. 


1 

13d 


*  i  * 


Porta. 


8il»er  Creek. 

^"^•'k 

BiineloM 

^» 

Conneaut...... 

Aihtebula 

Madi8on  Dock 

BlaclcR,Ter 

fete;::::- 

Huron  and  idiha. 

^liMky. 

Fremont 

T«"«<o....:::::: 

Monrne, 

&'"••••••■* 

UtOoit 

Tienton.  — • 

St-Clair..      :  — 

s^Mw.. .:::••■• 

Mackinaw...,   *** 

GwnBay.       •••• 

B«iwrI.Ia„d;*"* 

jGnmrf  Haven  '**' 

ajMeph'a.  ::— 

Kaioaha..        •••• 


|Micii«ancit>:::::;: 
•'•• 

ToiaJ 


»' 


1      '  ^ 

*         ' 
t 

f 


Hf 


;■•,•*  ^ 


.-> 


'■I 


•5 


<  S  » 


1 


III 


1     I 


*. 


'  ♦ 


...  i  - 


a 


I'-'k" 


<■  « • 


*«, 


fl 


> 


■.'#l-'/l 


♦  i'! 


i 

X 


i^ 


.U: 


II 


m^ 


134 


STATEMENT— Continued. 


Ports. 


SlTer  Creek... ••• 

Daukirk 

Barcelona • 

Brie 

Conneaut •  •  • 

Aehtabula 

Madi«>nDoei3t.... 

Pairport... 

Black  River.....' 

Vermilion I',*"6  nM 

CleTelaiid...;.....;   }     ^'^^ 
Baron  and  Milan..  ...•••••• 

Bandiuky ^.bw 

Fr«aont 'T**'i"Q4i 

Toledo 'I       '''^ 

Monroe...  •  •••••••• 

Gibraltar 

Detroit 

Tnenton..  •••••••• 

8t.^Clair  ..^.••••' 

aKinitw •••■ 
adtinaw... 

Green  Bay 

Beaver  lalande 

Grsnd  Haven 

Bt.  Joieph's 

Blieboycan 

Iitilvaakie 

Bacine 

Kenoaha 

Waukegan 

Chicago 

ilioh^  City 


Canada . . . 
Total. 


Porte. 


Silver  Creek 

IJunkirk ■"••• 

Ir^"- ::.::: 

*"« , 

Conneaut 

Aihtabula 

Madison  Dock  

Vermilion •*• 

Cleveland...;;.;; ■ 

Huron  and  Milan 

S.nduik7..7..:   

S:*^::;;::;;; l 

&;•;;;::: •- 

-fitctair..... :  :;->>^ 

Htekinav 

OitwBav 
I  Betver  hit 

QriiKi  Haven™:::: (• 

a-Joeeph'..    :  • 


pn 

&•;;;;;: •••••• 

Hldlimn  Citw  •  •  •  •  I . « . 


Total. 


CwroM-HociE.  BorrAio. 


r'-t.^' 


f^i^-. 


*^t4A''f»  ^ 


PorU. 


SX?!!':::: 

gr^- ::::::::: 

'MW 


-    H.  pocj.  136. 

STATEAfENT^ontinued. 


135 


^•«on  woocU. 
»»«»••  I  Spoke..   Ipiece. 


Felloe.. 


*, 


f  > 


v>. 


<•     \<  ,: 


f  <.< 


[iteoort..        : •••• 

w.«k««ii      • •••. i 


Kf'*«8M- ,. r 


'•^ .'..... 


(^roM-i 


HOWB,  Borrn.0, 

fiiirutTji  la,  1852. 


.'J.* 


't  **       si'    >    '        •    *"  '"I 


WM.  KETCHUM, 

CoUectar. 


'-V 


»*  i. 


IM 


H.  Doc.  136. 


tAc  31<«  December^  1851. 

^   RECEIVED  AT  BUFFALO. 


ArticlM. 


AihM. 


Ale. 


Ala • 

Alcohol 

Barley 

Beef 

Beef 

Beef 

Balrk. 

Bacon  and  hams 

Bacon  and  hams 

Bacon  and  hams 

Bacon  and  hama 

Bacon  anil  haras 

,  Bacon  and  hams 

Beeawax 

Beeawaz 

Beeswax 

Broomi •'• 

Brooln-confi ' 

Broom-corn 

Books.' 

Boots  and  shoes... 

Bladders 

Butter • 

Butter 

gutter 
utter 

Butter • 

Beer-pumps 

Beer-bottles * 

Bath  brick 

Brick..."  ••• 

Brick • 

Bones.... 

Bonn '*•• 

Bristles 

Bristles 

Brandy •.•• 

Brandy  ........•.••••,• 

Buffalo  robes ..... 

Candles 

CarpetinK ••• 

Gwriages • 

Cedar  posts 

Cedar  posUa. • 

Cement 

Cheese 


duantiues. 


Packages. 


Cheese 

Cider 


I.........* 


Cigars 

Coal 

Copper 

Copper 

Copper. • 


......•.* 


13,721  casks 

'  63  barrels 

39  dozen  bottles 

769  casks 

16G,  188  bushel 

54,414  barrels 

6,  S)23  tierces 

366,  casks 

1»  packages  . . . 
23^  boxes....... 

4,915  tlhrrels 

1,793  tierces 

3, 540  casks 

95  hogsheads . . 

.  l,2844.ton8 

351  barrels .... 
9  casks...... 

33  boxes 

3,31)0  dozen.... 
5^338  b«les.,,... 

81  tons 

340  boxes 

84  boxes 

7  barrels 

19.351  kegs 

1,2-^9  firkins:... 

1, 156banels... 

18  casks 

8  hogsheads 


Pounds. 


Value. 


-- 


I 


,•••••  •••• 


9 •♦ 

],600s*» •••  • 

37,800 

56  tons. 

5  tons 

373  hogsheads . . 

10  sacks 

20  casks 

4  hogsheads . 

4  casks 

3,346  bales 

3,551  boxes 

57  rolls  

171 

1, 530. ......•••. 

43  cords 

531  barrels.... 

163,099  boxes 

7(11  casks 

63  tons.  ...Tr, 
84  barrels  ...< 
57  caMS .... 

17,009  tons 

540  barrels... 
9431  tons. 
15 1 


6,860,500 
.     lb,600 
720 
384,040 
7, 977;  024 
17,413,480 
2,488,800 
178,000 
13.900 
70,800 
1,348,800 
716,800 
1,770,000 
66,500 
3,568.500 
38,550 
2,700 
3.200 
23,800 
1,047,600 
16,500 
10-2,000 
'      5,040 
3,100 
1,935,100 
122,900 
289,000 
7,200 
.4,800 
100 
1,600 
3,220 
151.200 
112,000 
10,000 
113,500 
3,000 
«00 


§291,  SSO 

388 

16,50 
116,333 

531,894 

6tt 

8,8» 

3,01 

-     6S,8n 

8,5« 
3,3(1 1 

M 


-    4,300 

194,760 

106,530 

1,140 

119,700 

97,800 
156,300 

i»«e»«s»se«a«»* 

596,280 

35,200 

11.41)0 

34,018,000 


1,311,500 


C8,| 


Articles. 


Cofleo., 

Com ..*.,'.'.' 

Coro-meal  ....|| 

Cotton IW'^ 

Cnnberriea.   ...     

D«er..kins...        • 

Ewhenware..::. 

Earthenware.... 

E.rthenw««..     : 

Eggs ::; 

i^Mieis 

Felt 

Fidi ;;;;•• 

Firewood \" 

Ptax  and  hemp." 

flaxseed...!!;; 

Flaxseed .*.**** 

Flour —  • 

rVait,  green.:;: 

fViut,dried 

Fiuil,  dried ;:; 

Fruit,  dried....; 

ft""  dried.  ; 

Furniture....;;;;; 

Faniiture ;; 

furniture ;;;;; 

&■;:: ••••.'.!.*.':: 

F«„     

GiMen^;;;;;;;; 

Gineeng . . ;;;;;;; •■ 

Gl..,..f.     

(Aim  • 

Gins  ;;„:;;;; 

GiMiware.;;;; 

Glais  ware...; 

Giaii  ware...,/ 

Glue ' 

GuMB .';;" ' 

Onodstones .  '.V,'.\\ 

I  Giinditones , . ; ; 

Jam.        

Hiir  ...!;•; 

h3J,.   

Hidi,     

JHide.;    

High  wine,:::: 

IHomedcatUe 

Hows.?..  

iHop,...   ; 

pwre™ 

iHwdware..   

iHtrdware.  

iHudnre 


I  ,?^i» 


H*  Doc.  I3«, 

STATEMENT^^tinued. 

RECEIVED  AT  BUPPALO. 


'^■\  "^^'f^-'-"-' 


137 


'Article!. 


Coffee-, 

Com ::.;•; 

Corn-meal ;• 

Cotton .     

CwDberriee.   ...     

»««^*wos....:::' 

Evthenware '.* 

Earthenware 

Earthenwa/.....; 

Egp 

f«M>er>........ 

Pelt  

pSh 

pi«wi^'.:::::: 

Flax  and  hemp.  ..'.*. 

Flaxaeed...     

ii««ed.. ...:::: 

Flour 

£"«.f'een..  .'     ::; 

ftai^Jried 

F'uMried...  ; 

Frui«,dried • 

FVuii,  dried.       

imuun .• :::: 

Fpiniture 

fi'miture....        :: 

Fun.  

fZ.::: 

F««.....:;::; 

,  Qimng.. 

Ginaenl      : 

Gm«en|.     ; 

6l.a...f.     

(JU  

Glial ;;;; 

Giww.re.:::;: 

Glaae  ware      

Glaasware*"*^ •• 

Glue.  .!.?••"'• 

G««>.....  ;;;;;.•.* 

iGrinditonea       ■ 

Griddatone..;;; 

iHati  

gHair.. 

IhI;:::: 

iHidi,...  ;•• 

iHide..;..  *•• 

|H«hwin«.:::::;: 

iHog.. 

iHomedcatUe  

JHoDi ;: , 


5,938,746bu.he; 

a.  929  barrel. 

310ba)M..: 

»30bale..';.;;' 
154  caska... *[,''' 
3  barrela  ..'.'*" 
lo  eratea  ^ . 
ll.«ab«rreC;::;-; 
3, 336aacks.. 
1.057rolla..   .r•••• 
9,981barwle..::•• 
„    SScorda...        • 
2.471bale«.;...   •• 
iI3ton.....  :••• 

Flour:::::::::::::- |;„j:8^?K, •' 

fei.-^- :::::::;;::::l  *'''I:SI  £:;;:£•'••••• 

153ba,kel.:::'"" 
303a.cka.7 

327  bo,"::: 

IfeSiiSpackama...:; 
„     a  (ona ..:... 

2.fffpack..::::::. 

2aabarr«l. 

**«oarrel8.^ 

3.JSKf.! 

IQ  .  ••••••• 

iHtona 

Ii830boxea :' 

61Icaaka.... 

710  package..:::: 

»?&v 

j.^g »--.;:::::: 

};&«•.::::::::• 

ISOcaaea  ....  ^ 

b'SI 

Im::::::-:::- 

»^o?i&t:::- 

(■w  pieces 


333,469. 
632, 
139. 
198, 
13U. 


81, 

15,600. 

166, 

10, 

3,994,; 

164,( 

1,337.! 


648, 

262,786, 

210,1 


528,850 

487,100 

*.. 

■  ••••••.., 

245,900 
■••••..... 


22,710 

195,250 


Valui. 


„        #530 
2;  672, 436 
5.858 
13,950 
8.503 
46,500 


21,609 

'4,258,110 
2,108 


iHardwre...       

iBanlware..   

iHiidware.  

iHudware.:: 

I  


•.... 



533,100 

29,100 

259,650 

•••• , 

3,921,300 

9,001) 

109,200 

, 

'••• ;. 

3.478,950 

32.600,800 

9,769,700 

5.156,400 


2,100 
901,750 


,;3fi5 
M,310 

I      30,598 

4.500 
1,0»S 

188;  76S 

627,800 
S35,011 


••••••« 


"  •  ■  • « 
.720 


784 
4,304 

18,849 


.. ; 


'I     i'*.  '    .'■  ^ 


I  r 

'*." 


>  , 


*.'*♦■' 


f 


tl 


\ 


r 


^T^ 


tt: 


I  > 


f-  fr 


*>' 


in- 
■■ip» 


188 


STATEMENT— Continued. 
BEGEIVBD  AT  BUFFALO. 


Articles. 


dti  amities. 


•  •  •  • 

•  •  •  • 


Packages. 


Iitrti  .,...• * 

Iron •■* 

Iron .••• 

Iron 

Nails,  i • 

Lard 

Lard  .«•••. •••• 

Lard  ..••.••••..•»•...*•• 
Lead  .......••«*•■***'*** 

Lead  ......^ 

Lead  pipe .........*••**** 

Leather ...••• 

Leather 

Lumber,  black  walnut .... 
Lumber,  black  walnut .... 
Lumber,  black  walnut .... 

Oak  timber ■ 

Oak  timber. 

Oak  timber ■ 

Ship-plank 

Lumber 

Shingle  bolls. 

Laths 

Shingles 

Malt 

Machines 

Machines • • 

Machines 

MattressA 

Merchandise • 

Merchandise 

Merchandise >  < 

Medicines 

l^ruti 

NuU 

NuU 

Oats 

Oil 

Oil 

Oil-cloth 

Oil-cake < 

Oil-cake 

Oil-stones 

Paint  (day) 

Paint  (lead) 

Paper ■ 

P<l^ '..•- 

P«p» 

Pionoa.... .< 

Plaster ' 

Peas  and  beans  . . . 

Poultry 


•  ••••• 


•  •  •  a  • 


6,050  pieces... 

7, 1861  '""■  ••• 
641)  casks. . . . 
197  bundles.. 
3,951  keg*.... 
9, 354  barrels .  • 
2,482  casks... 
2,577  kee*.^.. 

20,888  pigs: 

80  tons 

18  jitackages, 

8, 343' ro  Is.... 

121  boxes... 

661,479  feet.... 

153  tons .... 

1,511  pieces.. 

386,967  feet.... 

2,841  pieces.. 

6,214^  tons  .. 

789, 142  feet.... 

81,773,633  feet..... 

3  mt  cords.. 

12, 643  bundles 

6,099  M 

b96  bushels 
73 .... .  • » • 
21  pieces... 

15  boxes . . 
182 
654  boxes 

1,590  packages.. 

47  bales 

679  packages , . 
978  barrels 

69  casks 

16  boxes 

1,133,811  bushels.... 

6,033  barrels.... 

2.32  boxes 

23  packages . . 

583  hogsheaUs . 

1,845  tons  ....... 

78  boxes 

6,417  borrels.... 

68  kegs 

5,096  bundles    .. 

122  boxes 

1,2U0  rolls 

18 

90  tons 

949  barrels . . . . 
300  pounds 


Pounds. 


I......... 


15,412,260 
3U5,  lUO 

■•••••••••••< 

■••••••*••••< 

3,305,150 


Volue. 


1,623,160 
3,600 


»•••••• 


■••••••• 


864, 5S0 

lat****'****** 

3,706.500 

■«•••••••••••< 

■•••••••••*••< 

4,643,100 

851,000 

245,318,000 

465,750 

505,790 

1,219,800 

36,880 

•••••f«»a*a*«' 


|301,43( 

•15,804 
282,156 

81,100 

180 

758,130 

14,000 

74,78J 

15,780 

8,995.100 

3,I0S 


i«»eaa**« 


93,300 
5,460 


i....«.  .. 


Railroad  ties /••• 

Pork 

Potatoes 

Rags 

Bags, 

Bsapen.... 


^»^ 


c 


««s^ 


6-7,300 
35,500 

160,720 

36,231,953 

1,818,500 

6,900 

3,931,500 

3,130 

1,933,900 

289,900 

9,000 
180,000 
189,800 

4,050 


15,24S 
8W 

8,M 

1,09) 

119,550 

1,3HJ 

3,441 

340,1411 
151,50) 
1,380 
30,007 

m 

86,  Oil  I 

1,9  . 
5401 


19,734 

39. 835  barrels,. 

11, 446  bushels. 

33i  tons  . . 

10, 30(5  socks.. 

989 


3,549.800 

10,S04.000 

686,760 

9,198,100 

391,900 


53,9 
57,8 


y..: 


...,^:.M 


it.:.>i;;)*'  / 


si.-^^- 


•^ 


H:;  Ilo<i.  186; 

STATEMENT-^pntinued. 

RECEIVED  AT  BjEJPPALO. 


.j; 


189 


'^ 


Rood. 

JlOpC ,r  , 

B.f» 

Suaratu*  , 

Siia/atua  . 

Stuugta . 

Sheeptkina.. 

Shaeptlcins. 

Sheep. 

Stad. 

Seed.".'.'.''.'.'."'' I         3,758  barrel',', 

Seed. ;; 277  boxes. 

SUHie. ,'* I  113ca«ka 

Stone *_** f'l         2,172ton8  .. 

Soap '.'.*.'.!/..* I  ^®*  boxes. 

Sufch I  338  hoxea.. 

Sureh ' 227barrela, 

Surea , " , .  ^3,  it06  boxes. 

ibolla......"  ..:"••  •••••F- 696. 000. 

Sundries . 
Tailow. 

S:::: •— v.^.. 

Tobacco, 
Tobacco  , 
Tobacco  . 

iTj^ea.. ..:.:::::;::;:;;;;; 

|.*,"Pe' 

iTfpe...., 

Viniab... 

Veoeeting. 

Ware....^ 

Warn. 

Wine, 

Wine. 

Wbeat. 
I  Wool 
{Wool 

I  Wooden  ware . 
I  Cnnitn' blocks 

£?*p"'"' • 

2^ •  •! 


!■■: 


140 


■  ^ 


H.   Doc.   136. 

STATEMENT— Continued. 
RECEIVED  AT  DUNKIJIK. 


V 


Artidea. 


duantiliM. 


J- 


•  •••••••■ 


AahcB.  .......••••••••••••••••• 

Ala ■ 

Ale • • *■ 

Alcohol*  ••••••••  V' 

BwKy 

Beef 

Bwf 

Beef. 

Biurkx ..,••..«.•••••••• 

Bacon  and  hama 
Bacon  and  hama 
Bacon  and  hama 
Bacon  and  hama 
Bacon  and  hama 

Bacon  and  hama 

Beeawax 

Beeawax 

Beeawax 

Brooma ■ 

Broom-corn.... 

Broom-corn 

Booka 

Boota  and  ahoea 

Bladdera 

BuUer ' 

Buuer ........ 

Butter 

Batter 

Batter 


Pa:ckagca.  * 


147  CQBKS •••• 

••a»a««*a*ep*********** 


••••a****** 


!•••       •••••• 


»ae»^«««« 


9, 293  barrela , 
4b7  tiercea  . 


■••aa<aaa**eae**«>*< 


ntona.... 

833  barrels  , 

2  caaka. . 


Pounds. 


91,850 


Value. 


t3,638 


■  -•••••r.fl 


\        3,192,910 


•ataaaaaaaaaei 


270,568 


60,675 


Baer-pumpa 


4  barrela. 

SCO  bales.. 

16  boxea. 
4  boxes. 


'     600 

40,001 

3,200 
2U0 


«  •  •  ••  aei,«(| 


11,923 


6,330  kegs.. 
56  barrels . 


:k: 


B^r-bottles 

Bath  brick 

Bl*k 

,Sr^ 

BoMa 

Benea 

Bristles 

BiriatKs 

Brandy., 

Brudym 

Buffalo  robea 

Candlea 

Carpetiap 

Car|iag«. 

Cedar  poets 

Cedar poata  ...f... 

CaUMiit. 'If* • 

Ohcaaa 

OSawe :•««. 

Cheeaa 

Cider  .........•«..•...•...••• 


30.000. 


639,800 


190 
2,400 

m 

160 


63,700 


.'.t. 


:!^: 


Coal... 
Copper 
Copper. 

Copper. •  • 

Couoe  .•••............*...... 

Com  ....•..•.•........•••••• 

OonMueal ....  ..••...•••••.•• 


11  bales.. 
8  boxes , 
3rolU.. 
3 


120,000 


1,100 

240 

90 

9,100 


Articles. 


ISO  J 


•  ••••••    ••• ••  A* 

178  boxea 


(,■»• 


9  caaka 


.,.        11  barrela 


766  tons 

6barr«la 
9niaaaea 

1  aacK ......... 

4,697  bushels 

6  barrela ....... 


isaaa»aa«#*ei 


iea«o«********** 


I. 


904,160 
3,300 

limooo 

4,000 

100 

963,0.12 

1,996 


m 

H 
m 


20,! 


Cowon... 

Cnmbernee, ,. .  ^ 

Deerskins \\\  ' 

Earthenware. ..,.,"1*' 

Earthenware * 

Earthenware [\" 

Seri'.V.V.'.'.'.;""^* 

Felt "l" 

Fish !..;;.;• 

Firewood \[  |  * '  * 

Flax  and  hemp ....  J  "  *  * 

Plaxaeed '"' 

Flaxaeed !!.'i"' 

Plaxaeed ." ."  * 

Flour .'.'.'.' 

Prait,  ereen .'!!'"" 

Fniif,dried .*.'."" 

FruitjWricd ' 

|Pftti»,dtied .'.'i!!'* 

Pruil,  dried .'.'.**.**" 

I  Furniture .*.'.'.',"' 

I  f\iriiiture !!!!"*" 

I  Furniture ' 

IFuii 

JFiiM. .....".""■ 

J  fur* [| 

jGinaeng .*.'.*..' 

JGinaeng |"* 

iGinieng 

Kkv 

lOlin ['/'" 

ICHiii  »are....,''*|** 

ware .'.'.'.'.'." 

I  ware *' 

I  ware ..,'.'* 

iiue....; 

plnwe .W ' 

«f»lones .".'.'* 

tiiidatones  . . . .        

Ill ■_'' 

•if'. ........'.  '„" 

Nm  .'.*.'.".*.!.*  **;.■.*.*;; 

Mk  wines.  .*.*!.*'.'.'],\\'* 

N««to.'.'::::;;:. :::;:: 

fc'V  • 

•  Md  hoofs...'"* 

**■"•• ' .  .V.V ' " '  *  *  '*' 

inn mil 

*^ •••"-""::; 



,: '■ 

t... ' 


Articles. 


H-  Doc.  106. 

STATEMENT^ontinued. 

RECEIVED  AT  DUNKIRK. 
Quantities. 


141 


:':-5»;" 


•••••••••a. 


■•••#• 


'     



♦ 

r 


•••• 






545  barrels' .'  * I 

2  bales.... 

a»lfe"""'''"\} 

1  barrel. .'.'""     I 
03ha..~.i.  '••IJ 


1.303  barrels. 

il8  sacks....'.*.;;; 

,',^  _       I 

618  barrels.;;;;;;! 


Cotton 

Cranberries, , 
Deerskins  . . 
Earthenware. 
Earthenware. 
Earthenware. 

Esi* 

Feathers .;     

s 5 

ran,,,   

Fi«*0od ;• 

teJ:::;;;:;;;; 

fcl:;;;;; ••••:::::  5     ^^"^•^ 

jy«.'«,?rMn ;;;;;•• 61. 735  barrels... 

ll'^MrM ;***•••  136  barrels..     •• 

Fruitjjritd..  ' 

JPnii',dHed.. 
I  Fruit, dried.. 
1  Furniture. 
I  Furniture 
I  Furniture. 

|Far» 

IFirt 

J  fun 

|fi!'»<"'«: ...'.'.'.*.'.■;; 

■Glnieng.-  

iGinMog  . 

!?.'«'• . 


Pour 





193, 480 
5,900 

.-. 

185,400 
* 

49.900 

13.334,760 
9i,760 


:::;....    ^^-^w      -'i^ 

I 

I 









Value. 


13,230 
JOO 

139 

9.360 





••.... 


916,079 
136 


•     .  •;  .i  Ti  {  ,  I*.  ,  ,  ■,.!  ; 

•  «• -I '■■:  ■'  ?: 

'  •?  '•>  ■•■   :    .*;  f.  *  'il  f 


:'»     i 


; I  — •■•••..... 

■niture /  , 

"iture ;;; >  16epacka» 

•  1  ° 

: h 

34  packs 


►•••a,   •..,1. 

:   :::; 




f^^ 


.■  ,t ' ' 


33,200 
3,400 
380 


ICHua.... 

IX    

|fflii»»are.. 

™"w«re 

?!«»«re 

I  ware. 

fflm....;.. 

Si*"'"- ;  J     186 ? 

t—"."":::::::::::;-       "«*••. 

I z:.\ » 


9,900 

3,400 

89 
89 

1,738 


•I 


■'•■  "4' 


I 


n 


Nl 


18,000  ' 
■  18,600 


E )  \: 

i^liwines....     )  ^bundles |  173,670 


*•   •   •   •   t 

i.oeo 

188 
8<iO 


485  casks 

K.743......; .  173.800 

I          i,455 1.474,300 

Mm..}'^ 070 873.000 

^^ -'- I ???:::::::;;;;••       ^.^, 

6caska  '" 


■  •  • ••..., 

••idh;;^.;:;;'; 

'*»«». . ". .'  7-"  *^  *  •  •  ♦ .  -^ . . 

™in«.; 

'^""•.:::::::::::::::;;;;ii ,    '■'~'^" i        i,3ie 

I 

t::;." :::;:::::::• ■.:::::::::::::• 


97p«ckBges... 


"SiWr 


8,988 

J' 857 
W,889 
48,  iM 
16,740 


96 
994 


•         "•••• I  •• I "I • 

•'"""":::::::::;:::::::;:;-■"::::":::::::: 

' 


I 


t 

5 

"  If 

> 

'  ■  • 

\ 

■     ' 

f 

; 

1 

Ir' 


142 


Et.  Doc.  ISdl 

STATEMENT— Continued. 
RECEIVED  AT  DUNKIRK. 


^rliclea. 


Ctuantities. 


Packageo. 


•*• 





• 



••••••< 

.  •••••••• 


,«•••»• 

.••• 


■«•••••< 


Nails 

Lard 

Lard 

Lard 

Lead 

Lead 

Lead  pipe 

Leather... 

Leather... 

Lumber,  black  walnut 

Lumber,  black  walnut 

Lumber,  black  walnut 

Oak  timber 

Oak  limber 

Oak  timber 

Ship-plank 

Lumber. . . . 
6hingl«  bolls. . . . 
Ijatna  ••••*..*  • 

Shinglea 

Bitalt.  «•.....*'•. 

Machines 

Machines 

Machines 

Mattresses 

Merchandise 

Merchandise 

Merchandise 

Medicines 

Nuts 

N*U..... 

nU 

OftI 

oa....*. 

'•^  Oil ' 

Oil-cloth ' 

Oil-cake.... 

Oil  cake ^. 

Oil-stones 

Paint  (clay) 

Paint  (lead) 

Paper... '«,. 

Paper "V 

Paper ••• 

Pianos 

pluter ......••• 

PH*  wi  beana 

Pwritty 

Poaltry... 

Railroad  ties • ••• 

i>rk 


!■• 


158  kegs.., 

269  barrels  . 
250  kegs  . . 


•  •••••a  -••••••••••■-■" 

•  ••••••••••• *•■•• 

•  ••a« • 

192  rolls  • 

3  boxes 

•aaaa»aa»»»-*»"*'***"' 
•••••aaaa«»»»»*»*"**** 
.•••ae>aaa«  .••••••••• 


Pounds. 


15,800 
342,250 


Value, 


•  •••aaa* 

,••      •••■aaaa*«« 


CO  M  feet. 


•  « • aa  a  i 


82  M  feet 

«■••••■•■•  ••■•as 

245  M  pieces  . . . 


tea  •  • • • 


39,000 


».<#aa«»»»»""-' 
•  ••••••a»aaa"» 

••••eaa,»»'»»* 


I  •  •  •  a  •  • 


••aaaasaa*** 
••••••■•aaa. 


,  •  •  •  a  •  • 
t  •  •  •  a  •  • 


3 

13  boxes , 


•f" 


3,000,000 

265,066 
5,6(10 

•  ■  •  •  • 

9,500 


avasasaaassa 


}       1,073 


packages . . 
tons 


4  packages . 
9  barrels  . . 


634  bushel* 

[  S33  barrels 

15  boxes 

.....■•...'• 


33  barrels 


48  bundles , 


^ 


'otaloes ■ 

B*«* 

Raga • 

Reapen • 

Kootf 

Ropa 

Rj« 


a  •  •  •  •  •  • 


1  ton  ••saiaaa*** 
•  •■»•••••••••** 

1,000 

67  bozca 


,a»aaaaaaa»a«««- 

\  243,600 

300 

1,500 

20,288 

66,600 

4,500 

••••aaaaasa**** 

■  ••tasaasaaaaa* 
i»*«a*a   Baats*** 

6,600 

3,000 

3,000 
S,OUU 

«»«»aas«aaa**<< 

4,000 


l,769tbarrele 


^(K»4»wal>alai^ 


14  aacka. 


It....... 


...•*. 


.•••••... ■ 

SSpackafM.... 


$513 
27,380 


18,  IM 

■  •aaaatiK 

8,400/ 
90] 

I  a  •  •  •  •«  «•(• 

1/29S 

»  a  a 

9St 

56,4SI 

48 
SI 

w 

5,Sit 

sot 


•  • *1 

n| 

7(81 

30II 

'1 

I 

4U 


564.000 


•••taaaaaai 


3.800 
1,000 

i.'ioo 


e  aa  •••** 

1. 


ArUcles. 


Sttersius 

Safcratus 

l/SittM^ei ]][ 

Sheepskins [ 

Sheepskins .....*.' 

Steep • 

EkSU.  ......*.«...««,,, ^ 

OMu......  ■••.,,( 

S«*d 

Stone.... 

I  Stone , 

Sosp 

Swn* 

\Si*rth 

J  SuiTes 

Store  bolls .*;;; 

tef"" 

|T«ilow 

n^ 

\™ 

ITobhcco.... 

te:::::::::::::::::" 

|T»nf ues |  ] 

l^P* 

jpe 

Viniieh 

Ventering.  .....,.,..*'*" 

Tue , !!*** 

ffire ..,,.*,"" 

Wde ......,* 

H'm I" 

Vtun .'.'".*"' 

loo! 

N ".*.'.'*.'.'*' 

Fooden  ware 

Wbiocks :::::i: 

^f'^" 

? 

' 

fvm  woods.  .*  *  *  *.' .' .'  *  *  ■  [  [ ' 

Toul  pounds 

Tons  of  3,000  pounds.. . 


/.     i       .4 


H.  Doc.   13^ 

STATEMi;NT->Continued.| 
RECEIVED  AT  DUNKIRK. 


•"','      '■ 


Articles. 


Qaantitiea. 


•m 


Packages. 


Pounds. 


Value. 


Silaralas 
/Sateratus 

Sheepskins ,. 

Sheepekins. .*.*.'.".'     { 

• I 


IS I  * 

"::::::::::::::::!:::P      "•"-'••^..... 


" 


''bundles ,.)  * 

1,062..    N 
a^  ..|i  I 

*»"« r  p 

^":::::::::::::::: M     1''°'" 

id:;::::.- If       '"«"- 

I  Smre  bolls 
I  Sundries 
iTillow 


5,000 
•."•....•. 

1,400 
85, 000 


<SGO 


»6,600 

4,400 
1,500 
120 


S:::::::::::::v ;;."*::::::::::• : 

|T«...V.-.V •••••••■•  altt''----  i«M6i1 mm 

'.    I  "«reiB I  71  nnn  I  "J,S>U« 

Ti" ^^'^  4,a« 

Tobhcco •; !••••• 

Tob«co..... ::::::::;•       ^^^s-head..::.--/ 


C"^"" 

^"p* 

V^Y 

yttnm 


9«»-i.::;:::;P 


Veotering 
Tire. . . . 


• 


^*" • '..II  l<M>)>ackage8...     \^ 

£ r  3  boxei.....V. 

i,™«.Ku-i..  I  40 packages 


133, 700 
2,880 


32,300 

300 
»'«66,530 
656,600 
460 


18,588 
135 


1,050 


ToUl  pounds 

Tons  of  2.000  pounds (....        >  | ."flZli!^ 

14,667.879 


J'  Uf .  /  • ' » 


*  t.  J , 


{ 


.;* 


t.     .f 


;"  ..  if;,';?'!  :;  ;' 

t*iT  t  '    »    W  li'  ''■'  «.i.  '    >'' 


f 


^ki 


rw~~:njrrH 


t1-  f 


' 


144 


H.  Doe.  i3«. 

STATEMENT— Continued. 

RECEIVED  AT  TONAWANDA. 


Articles. 


Aahea. 


Ale. 
Ale. 


Alcohol. . .  •  • 

Barley  .......•.•• 

Beef...  .......•••••••• 

Beef....  .i "• 

Beef •  iw .  •  • 

Berk 

Baeon  and  hama  ...••.• 
Bacon  and  hama 

in  and  hama  .•••... 

'n  and  hama 

Bacon  and'  hama 

Bacon  and  hama 

Beeawax 


duantitiea. 


Packagea. 


1,168  casks. 


*•••*•' 

!•••••' 


1, 


420bu8hel8 

1,803  barrels.. A.. 

•  #«•••••••••••■•  ^<f  * 


Pounds. 


584,000 


Value. 


»23,3«0 


Beeawax. 
Beeawax. 
Brooma.. 
Broqm-com . . . . 
Branm-corn. 


20, 160 
57(5,960 


1,005,593 


39« 


70,391 


»••••••••• 


•    «••■•■••••••••*■ 


iks. 


Boola  and  shoes 

Bladders  •.••••......>• 

Butter ** 

Butter ...«•• 

Butter 

Butter ........... 

Butter 

BeeM>umps ••• 

Bcer>botiles 

Bath  brick 

hriek 


••««••••• 


•••••••••••••■••» 


'•••••••••••*••***■**** 


»•■••••• 


137,817 


•  •■•    ••••••••»<•••••• 


as««*>«***ee*********' 


Brick, 


Bones 

BonM  •••••••■< 

BruiUfii 


!•••••♦•  ••••••• 

(•••••a«a»«tse» 


Bristles . 


•••■•••••••••• 

■  •  (•■••••••••• 


13,791 


•••••• ■••••**••••• 

•a«s*aa»*««*s««s** 
aa*  ••••••••••••••• 

•••••••••••••sss* 

•••••••• 


Bnuidy ; 

Brandy • 

Buffklo  robes •a«««*«»««»»«a««« 

(Indies  ■•  ••••••••••••••••••••• 

Carpetini^  •  •  • 
Carriages.-. ... 

Cedarposu... 
Cedar  posts... 
Cement  .•.••••.•••.«• 

wiieeso.  •*•«.•.  •....i««tf««««*«* 

lOneeae.  ..■•.••••••.••••••••••* 

Cneeae  .•••...••.••*..••••••••• 

C/ider. a..«.  «•«•••••..••••••*• 

Ciffara  ••••«.  .t  ••••••••••*••***' 

-COal-i  »  «  »*^M  ■  »  ■  ■  »  n  t  t  t  »  f  f  •Sj9JL9.*-\. 

Copper*  •■••••...•....•••*••••• 
Copper. •••••«.••«••...*...  ••• 
C^wpor.  ..•*•«•••..••.>•••*•••• 
Conee.  ..•..•••«•••  ..••••••••• 

•  voriHDMal.  •••••#••••#•  •■••••• 


•••.•«« 


I. •••*••.< 


....•.•..•as.* 

•  •.••••*•  .....I 
••..*••.••••• a 
...•••••.•••a. 

•  •••.*•••••••• 


\- 


.•..*•.•••...••■■ 


»..>.«■  *..*.^^m-*-M.M..».M.  ft.  t  t  a  t.i.±  t  ■ 


5l07,773bttshela 


76,683 


.••••.. a....**' 
.■»».#....as..> 


.•■•*• 
...  <••' 
a  ..••■! 


.  •  a  •  •  • 


•  •a «••...  a.*.** 
•..•a*l.*««**«** 
«..■...•••••*•* 
a. •.•••#*•••••«< 

ll,835,S88 


sii 

•  •  Iff  ••*•* 

■*■':'■            ** 

Articles. 


r  >• 


Cotton ^ 

Cnmberries  . . .  '   '.' "  " 

DaeMkins........  

Earthen  wai«  ...'.*.*.' 

Earthenware. ,..'."'"" 
Euthen  wore.,..  "^" '.***' 
2bb" 

rtii  : 

i2::;::::--^-.-., 
nrewood,:.:.'.::;----  •• 

IfUueed........ 

iFIaxtted .'."  * '•  ■ 

inuKed '** 

Tloar..." _'* •• 

£rait,ereen  ....'.".V 

£niit,dried * ' 

f fait,  dried.,...* ' 

futitUan •••♦••». 

vniiture ••••••».. 

liture * *• 

wm 

L.  

C;: •' 

V         8 «•».... 

c—^ ::::::: 

^ 



"^v.v:::::::"  •••••• 

I  ware **••*••••... 

iware..      : 



«.. ; 

Miioneg 

^•.■.•.■.■.••••■•••••■•■•■••.•:;::;: 

fc;;---:::;:::;::;:: 
c • 

,   ; 

kwines...      I 

J...   



••*. !■ 

•Md  hoofs... 

2 ''''''-':d- 

^' -T::r:r. 

I 

li '-I.. 


..<..-"' 


STAtEAffiiVT^Continued- 


U5 


fi.  '  •  «'    - 


Cotton ^  /^ 

c«"'«'T'e ;.::: 

DMMkins.....        • |....  .       

Ewhenware. V' 


Ewhenware 

Earthenware...         

E«rthenwaro..     "*"' 

FeatheM 

K»h       . 
Fiievood, 


..'\ 


*  *  •  J. 


">,  ' 


•  I 


f 


■  j      '    I        ''  '  '  li"!' 
•'■ft. 


t 


1.  I,' 


i    •     4 


I.  i  i  > 


'M 


i;;.'53fe'>'<''    '.  .    ; 


•r^^ 

%: 


.*''    I 


li*  ■ 


•tv, 


'%^ 


H^  Doc.  186 

^f^TA»EMENT— Coatinueflp 


RECEIVED  AT  TONAWAND| 


V  •  ».*;■. 


•••••• 

« •  ••  «•••••••_• 

,,  ,.i • y  M 

...•• '^"^* 


»»••■•• 


:!h.013.849feet..;...Via       ^4.516,500  1         141,5W 

45,425,1)00  1         515,85i 


ib<m-*  •••  •  ••  '^}H \'\ 

mWt. .•"•••••"•• \l 

mb«rv. .•••• I  5 

•^     V,     :^'  Ship-plw]fc •••■ii5"iii;878feet......::^         45,425, DUU  1         o.o.w 

ni*T^    Lumber  ,..•••• f"'  :.m 

.',   '^^^ilw. ....,  — ••••••:  —  •• 557M :^|.  111,401)  1,M 

....  ..» •'••* 

.....•..••»» ••••  V 

••' ( 

: ,( 

»••"• [J 


'.'k^t       ■  Sheepskins 

& - 

Deed....v»«iiW,., 

S,M,  J  ^^ 

£::::::;;::::-- 

a::::: •'•••• 

siwch :::::: 

Slaves....* ;; 

iSiare  bolls 


?■ 


l^iogtea.....   ••* •'•• 

■Mall ,...,..«» 

Machines 
Maehines 
Machines 
Mattrtsses ,•• 


Oats. ' 

♦Oil •• 

ou... •. ;••■ 

Oil-cloth ?."" 

Oii^ake. 
Oil-cake. 

<Ml-«tanaa 

Ftunt(ciliT) 

PMiiit(lead) i....»' 

Paper...... ' 

Papcr.^ • I"" 

Paper 

PimM • 

Plasttfr . . .  ^^gk* 

Peas  and  \4Wk' 

Poultry  v^j^Knl- 

.  ^ultry ' 

Aailroad  \ 

Potatoes <•'  

flags .., •■• 

,    Bugs  ..^ 


«•«.• 


• . . .  * 


ftaapers 

Boots i 

Bops • ■  • ' 

I^ys. 

Salmratua 
MmaM* 


. .  .rrsp  1 

•k'».«  •  •  •* 


•*...••••• 


^ •• 

;•• .....: 


Tin 

rouico ;::;; 

fobscco...... 

t«."S<«» '.'.'.'.'.'."" 

tnnit  


RECEIVED  AT  TONAWAf^PA. 


i4r 


.    Articles. 


Quantitieg. 


Packages, 


Sausages 

Sheepskin ;;;;;•,? 

;siiMp«iiin8 ;f 

s»"p :  .v;v 

Seed ,.  T"'*" 

seed....v^/:'::;---^ 

Seed Z: 

Stone ;;•'• 

jSoap ;• 

iSiarch... 


Pounds. 


VaJuj 


I'm  ••■••.. ■••» •.... 

hmng..., •:••'••• ••• .\. 


'are. 
m. 
in« 



• 

,      i-' 

, 


IVDOfi.  

T— I         Jm^'^^^'''^"'^'-"''*'Z....'"1 1..    • 


1J3,SU.241 


p'\ 


Jf 


■>■* 


■"VA^^ 


K  y'. 


\ 


•     I' 


■  '■''     "  i^'      X  .i''.'    ■'■4 
■''"^   #,  ^'>    T  *^''  .V  '^ 

Til 


*.    V 


S'iim 


:Wp 


14S 


r^ 


H.  Doc.   13e. 

STATEMENT— Continved. 


Aggregate  quanti- 
ties received  at 
Buffalo,  Dun- 
kirk, and  Ton- 
awanda. 


Aggregate  value 
of  each  arti- 
cle received  at 
Buffalo,  Dun- 
kirk, and  Ton- 
awanda. 


■•••••••»••••••' 

*.;' ' 

••• ••••• 

., •• 

• 





»••»• • 

••••• • 

»'.  •• 

i  •*  *  • 


•  ••••■•* 


>•■••« 


Ashes, 
Ale*  •  •  •  •  • 
Alcohol.. 
Barley  . . . 

Beef. 

Bark 

Bacon  and  hams 

Beeswax '. ••••," 

Broonns 

Broom-corn ••  '• 

Books 

Boots  and  shoes • 

Bladders  

Butter......  .••• 

Beer-pumps 

Beer-bottles. 

|"«'^ :...:: ..../.... 

Bones 

Bristles •  • 

Brandy 

Buffalo  robes 

Candles  . , 

Carpeting •  •  • 

Carriages 

Cedar  posts 

Cement. . .  .^°. .  • 

Cheese 

Cider. .  > . 

Cigars 

<3oal ;•" 

Copper..'. •"• 

'    Cofiee ....•••••• 

Com  •....«••••• 

Corn-meal. .« /* 

Cdtton ^ 

Cranberries 

Deer-skins.  .//• 

Ear<tienware.... 

Bugs.  .••••••••.. 

Feathers ...»..• 

Felt ••• 

Fish ♦' 

Firewood. ••.•.•»••• 

F^ax  and  hemp 

Flaxseed ..••... 

Flour V 

Fruit,  green • 

Fruit,  dried 

Furniture, ., 

Furs • 

Ginseng « 

OiMB  .;.»'... ' ri i i. i iis  i , r,. . . "•••*♦•.• 

Glass  ware 


» . . . 


It. *...■•■ 


• • 

,••...•*..•*• • 




(•■••• 


»  I  •  •  •  •  •  • 

•••••••••• 

l»«»SS«»»»« 

•  •••••••••  •••••* 


•■•••• 

••••••••■••••'•••• 

•  ••••••••• ••• 

\ V 

• ••' 

• V 

'•• 



,,, ' 

,  •••  ••••    ••••••' 

.•••••• 



f^ 


•    •••••■< 


»•••*•• 


•  ••••••* 


(■••••t* ••• 


•    ••••••• 

■     ■•••••• 

•    ••••••• 

••••••••••• 


GlU6 

GrMii3 • 

OrindBtonea. 

HaiB • 

Hair 

V 


Pounds.      , 
7,536  35d 
19,320 
284,040 
7,997,184 
23,849,150 
12,900 
7,817,552 
45,050 
22,8p0 
1,104,100 
105,200 
5,240 
2,100 
3,126,617 
100 
1,600 
123,220 
263,U0O 
123,500 
2,600 
4,200 
195, 860 
106, 770 
1,230 
121,800 
'Iii^?7,800 
Cf56,300 
3,877,123 
28,5(10 
11,400 
35^550,000 
1,312,500 
5,400 
344,568,096 
633,960 
139,500 
285,580 
130, 4i^0 
83,000 
iS, 814, 760 
17,270 
,      10, 570 
3,180,340 
48,605,000 
1,341,207 
69U120 
3ll2,880, 104 
232,560 
539,4'<9 
53,»31 
252,500 
•23,090 

196.550 

— —   543,58r 

29,100 

277,650 

3,939,900 

9,600 

109,200 


#318,543 

3^ 

16,569 

116,636. 

616,993 

645 

488,078 

9,010 

3,4% 

66,279 

8,900 

84 
313,340 
10 
H 
214 
330 

i,m 

1<00 
1,480 

162,  eso 

21,354 
1,8H 

8,7011 

m 

1,0431 
371,240 


71,  W 

^21)9,500 

541 

2,757,6S! 
5,B»I 
13,!)(" 

ll.^l 

46,CI«| 

8,3(8| 

102,3911 

69,oei| 

63,6111 
32,5 
46,2 
22,6 

5,069,84 

'2,* 

15,  i| 

69,5r 

253,31 

6,K 

,     7,8 

-  -^n 

4,3 

18,J 


*!*■•.• 

High  wines 

g"e»v---; V 

Homed  cattle 

goraeS" k. .'.".'. 

Hops.......     

Horns  and  hoofs 

Hardware 7.* 

'""!} .' 

f*^ 

P^ 

l^-. 

Hp'?« 

i-atlier 

Lumber,  ^black  walnut.'." 
'>«k«Jmber 

Itt'"':::;::::::  ■'•■ 
iSK".'* '■• 

I  ^    

\u^.'    '•••' • 

MeKbandise ••*•••• 

2? 

[oS.: 

Mdo^:: 

£"••••'••••••-•::: 

M...::::::::::: 

fim* 

huut 

Pe«i  and  beans.       ^ 

M^j: ■.■.';; 

)^» ::::;:: 

^H::.:: ^^ 

lJ^ .....^ 

'  «"::::::"*'■•■' •'^• 
^■■■■■.-£:: 

" 4b"' 

5 : .m... 

^. 

jjj* , 

^~ 


H.  Doc.   186. 

STATEMENT-Contin,,,: 


149 


Articles. 


^    Buffalo.    Du''    ,7    """^h    arti. 

a  Wanda.  I  P",""'"'  !>"«- 

awanda. 


Aide* 

Hifhwines 

Hog ;.' ; 

Horned  cattle.;. 

2^ >• ^* 

Hop* 


H^P* • 

&Z?.~?;;;;;••••^^^■.■.•.•::.•.■:':.•;.•.■;.••••.....• 
& ••;•.■.•.•:::::.•.•::::••• :■•.";::: 

""* 

f'*™* •.. ., 

Lead 

Lewi  pipe..., 

X^atiier. ........ .  ■''•••••.•....  i 

Lumber.,bl«ckwalnu;:::: C*.'."" 

I  Mdmber ^  

Lumber ••'•••I 


•••••• 


:. • 



.".■..... 

••• 


.•••...., 





jiiTj,'"" 

ei-""--::"-"::::;:;ii;;-----"^ 

Im!^°'''~ 

Uf^" ::::::::: 

|or::::::::; *"::::: 

loji  ••. 

fe:::;- •.:::::::::: 

fcU::::::::::::::::::::: ::::;;;::::;: 

K .......v.-; 

kZ 

fe"-:::::::::::;::;:;;"---""::::::;:::::. 
^p >»-...::■■•• 


2r-.- 

1^  * '. 

C:::: "y 

c? 

fe;— ;::; 

' .J,. .; 


■••••., 






*■*•*•*-•••»  •  i^ , 


rr»^i^ 


S, : V 


^Oiindi.u 

3,666,560 
22,882,  700 
11.244.000 
6,029,400 
2,432,000 
2,J00 
204. 750 
„  211,030 
15,418,260 
.  410,900 
4, 759, 997 
1,622,160 
3,600 
962,406 
.3,706,500 
12,  J59, 600 
^„  851,000 
290,948,000 
465, 750 
\  u^  510.  ?90 
\  If  331 ,800 
\   26,880 
161,253 
5,460 
929, 900 
33, 700 
162,280 
36,637,760 
2,074,860 
.  11,400 
4,004,419 
3,120 

1,940,500 

%I,200 
11,00§ 
182,000 
194,780 
„      8, 0.-iO 
3,54,6,800 
11,790,240 
„  821,040 
2,130,900 
232,200 
30,300; 
,    21, 800i 
.1,088,360 
198,210 
,     11,500 
J»  490^600 


•••v'iv.'.*.*.-.;.;".;::: , 

J  M.. 


...       '  ••-•• 3 

.lT" • ^ 

■^^  "'" 


^  ^.  597, 460 
*«  ,  815,178 
f  4^711.390 
W.  26,850" 
"f,70 


#197,700 
631,637 

730,840 

301,470 

182,400 

784 

4,400 

19,173 

301. 43« 

^3317 

#387,419 

81,1  - 

786,  L 

14,000 

225,082 

"  9,511,858 

3,105 

4,153 

16,687 

806 

11,718 

1.093 

170,000 

1,388 

,  3,471 

343,478 

173, 657 

2,888 

30,;: 

^,976 
66, 784 
^,100 
553 
2,930 
814 
4,909 
445,188 
8,913 
53.1879 
58,000 
1.010 
3,860 
11,661 
13,715 
559 


iWtOW 

49,990 

54,596 

9H75 

1.074 

8,936 


-• 


']^^^^^  111  ' 


:,S' 


IL  Doc.  lift. 

'j:MENt— Continued. 


Arlictei. 


0tmtm 


'■%K 


Aggregate  quanti-  Ageregtie 
tMM  received  at     of  each 
Buffalo,    Dun- 
kirk, and  Ton- 
awanda. 


, •  ',"'j' 


I  •••••••• • 


'«K.n.—  

i.TiIlow • 

WfttM. ' 

f'Tm * 

i 


I •  •••••.< 


•  Tongues 

.  Tripe... • 

iType *■ ",* 

.  'VMBidi..  ....• "'^ ••••• 

yenoering... •■ 

"  WaWfe^ ..... 


ite  Talm 
arti- 
cle received  at 
Buffalo,  Dun- 
kirk, and  Ton. 
awaiids:-^ 


•••.......••.■ 


•  •  •■ 


...•  ...... 


Wine. •••• 

Whwt :}• 

J. •* 


Wool. 

Wooden  ware ' ' 

Curriere;  blocke 

HandBpi''^' 

Oan  W.  ••• 

Wago<^«oodirr.... ' 


■  «•••••••• 


Total  ponndi 

Tona  of  8,000  pound 


Pownift. 

f  0,150 
5.580 

6.6go 

2, 148,001 
72,320 
10,080 
11,300 
4,000 
7,800 
68,400 
8,380 
350,045,260 
13,166,831 
",510 
UO 
r.800 
3,346.520. 
119,152 


1,718,720,366 


-#*♦- 


4     1 


859,369.366 


♦48,^^1 
2,232 

m 

3,3!I0 
3,265 
1,017 
300 
190 
9,M7 
2,™ 

14, 411 J 

8S5| 

in 

--  63,  W) 


34,939,411 


Recapitulation  that 
from  and  shipped 
the  year  ending  } 


m ..  ''^ 


-^ 


V         8 


,        * 


* 


»        '^ 


r+j      ''^•v-»^-^--7" 


H.  Doc.    136. 


1^1^ 


Recapitulation  thomne-  thf  ti^t^i     /  » 

from  and  shipped  to^he  w^Z^TdVtf  ^^"^''^  ^^  «'^  Property  received 
th.  vear^l..  n,.._  .  ^J^rd^m  the  iutnct  of  Buff Ao  tS'duri^ 


jrom  ana  shipped  to  the  westward  in 
the  year  ending  December  U,  1861, 


Tona  of  a,ooo  Value 

'       pounds,       '  " 


Rixejredat —   . 
Buffalo..; 

Dunkirk...    :::'^-- 

Touawanda ' 

r 


li'l^  131.889,931 

?Z'?38    I  4,000,000 


Totals...... I .Jllf^\,^'^,W^ 

ShippBd  at — 

Buffalo •■   • 

oankirk .....•.•.•.:•";•• •.... 

Tonawand..,..:...;^:;;:;:;;;;;.;........,....... 


204,536 

15,867 

5,037 


44,301,730 
5,394,780 
1>692,4S3 


-    "'^^-  '•«  CciTOM-HoosE,  Bornto       .. 
<  7  -  ^'»"««rj,l9;«rti2. 


4 


N 


•\%l 


WM.  KgTCHUM,  Ccttutor 


m> 


«S»tiVfc 


'^.^ 


% 


"■■/ li^ff^fi'-'-     ■"*    '.'  -*'', 


'  -1l 


Wt 


H.  Doc  186. 


An  account  of  the  principal  artielts  of  Jory;nfroduce,  groxvth,  and  mantir 
factwre,  exported  to  the  British  North  Jinencan  colonies,  tn  British  mi, 
American  vessels,  fr(m  the  district  of  Buffalo  Creek,  Jar  the  year  ending 
December  31,  1851. 


Articles. 


Quantity. 


amkrioan 

VBiSBLS. 


Tga, . pounds 

Coffee... ^"•-- 

Dry  goods -  -  • 

Medicines -  —  •  — 

Crockery ...... 

Toys. 

Tin  plate ,  -boxes. . 

Raisins pounds. 

Lemons  .... . ooxes.  - 

Nuts y.  ^.  - . .  pounds . 

Eepper  ...U. 1 .  - -do 


143,457 
46,849 


Oranges /^'l-./ .  .boxes. . 

Pimentot . , pounds. 

Logwood "^ — 

Currants..., do... 

Cassia do... 

Indigo <lo-  -  - 

Figs do... 

Madder do... 

Ginger *.do. . . 

Bonnets,  Leghorn No 

Sundries 


Value. 


73 

10,176 

155 

4,897 

3,140 

83 

2,122 

4,490 

2,400 

73 

149 

601 

715 

799 

286 


$40,422 
2,604 
7,920 
3,701 
1,013 
474 


BRITISH 

VESSELS. 


TOtAl. 


■ 


;,/.,,                                                      ■       "" 

• 

WM. 

KETCHUM, 

Collector. 

CtJSTOM-HOUSE, 

Buffalo^  New  York,  January 

1,  1852. 

■■     ■                    // 

■f 

1 

■  -  -  ■  ■     i~     -  -            '    , 

^ 

An  account  of  th 

ture  of  the  Uni 

York,  to  the  I 

ves8eh,/or  the  y 


■'■/ 


',ri.''  ■, 


^'   the,  13e. 


W 


%, 


An  account  of  the  jrrincivnJ  ««•  ;  *  ^^ 

J ^e  year  endmg  December  31,  1851.        ^''^''^  "'^d  American, 


It    I  •  ■» 


(•  'J.'    n 


Articleg. 


Q'wtntity. 


AUSRICAW      BHItmhVjeJ       , 


•^'  , 


Dry  goods , 

Groceries "" 

Sundries <^. '.'..' 

Manufactures  of  iron. 
Manufactures  of  worv) 
Furniture. 

Books  and  stationerv 

Oysters... ^ ' 

Marble  and  stone.' 
Drags  and  medicines' 
Glass  ware..  ..._ 
Spirits J 

[Grain ] 

I  Cheese 

JFish,  dry..,.,\\"*' 

iFisb,  pickled. . 

Oil..: ;  ;■• 

J  Skins  and  furs...'.'" 
iBootsand  shoes!*' 
JSait 

|lard ,'_"*"  "■ 

Leather ''" ' 

Hams  and  bacna.'" 

Beef  and  pork \ 

Tobacco.... 


'  ••  •  4  '.  . 


7.921  gallons 


Fgar. 

proom  corn, 

Poal.. 

Jordage . 

Pattle . . . 
Pocks.... 


^4, 


8,742  bushels 

44,566  pounds 

30,391  pounds 

120  barrels 

4,450  gallons 

57,062  pounds 

7,998  pairs 

2,182  barrels 

14,917  pounds 

61,164  pounds 

d,638  pounds 
620  barj*ls 
49  9Aa4^4.^ 

76,ig(^po^3 

50Bfis- 
450  tons 
10,400  pounds 
25  numbei; 
1,129  number 
139,274  pounds 


*. 


Value. 


S51,99l 
25,51  T 
43,875 
47,900 
12,860 
8,063 
9,889 
2,059 
1,746 
3,082 
4,557 
1,047 
4,523 
1,191 
600 
546 
2,260 
4,804 
7,736 
1,597 
1,070 
4,^21 
322 
2,763 
6,084 
2,820 
158 
1,637 
703 
1,325 
2,334 
3,931 


V«yue.  j  VMoe; 


«107,554 
52,406 
66,845 
94,245 
22,744 
13,787 
17,167 
2»930 
4,257 
10,393 
9,919 
2,286 
5,399 
2,496 
896 
783 
4,375 
10,791 
12,235 
2,272 
1,199 
11,192 
483  * 

%m 

10,177 

4,588 

1,808 

2.793     , 
1,499 
1>8(?5 
2,901 
9,663         , 


-Jif 


#■ 


156 


<u 


w 

1 


fA 


OQ 


I 


H.  Doc.  1^6. 


?5S 


g 


tC         a* 


s 


.-<        lO 


S 


s 


>  OD  t  S 

.  (5  ■*  * 


1  OD  I 


OJ 


3 


?^ 


(N 


c* 


>(0 


^ 


OQ  o  'f  o 

(j»  «  i-i  iS 


^ 


as   j: 


>5 


«» 


^2 

MOW 

■^  OD  f* 


<a 


i 


1 


1 


s 


ts 


?J 


s 


r; 


s 


£ 


i 


cf 


r 


o 


n 


i 


Statement  0/ Cant 
New  York,  fen- 
New  York,  for 
December  31   2 


Wheat 

Flour .' 

Barley 

Butter 

Ashes 

Wool ; 

•Canvass 

Furs 

♦Port  wine. . . 
•Sherry  wine 
•Brandy 


Custom-house,  3u 


\&Mmcnt  ofCanadmi 
New  York,  during  t/u 
duty.)  ^ 


ArticJe 


Jomed 'cattle. . 

'■^ ..., 

pass  seeds. 

fersonal  effects. 


pSTOM-HOUSE,  Bvj^FA 


H.  Doc.  136. 


Statement  of  Canadian  m-n,h,     •  '  l&t\ 

f-  rori/^  ^ZmriJ'rl  "^  '''  '^^rict  of  Buffalo  C  i^ 
New  rork,  for  exportation^  •r-^'''''''^^tion  m  boiid  X  ^'*''*' 
I^eccmier  31,  i^^^^'^  ^o  forage,  ,^,^^^.^^  ^^»^W  toke  pj  of 

°  "^  •/car  ending 


t  'f 


Wheat ,  .^ 

Flour .V.V. bushels. . 

Barley Zurich. . 

Butter .*.".".'.'." ' 'Jushels. . 

Ashes * pounds. . 

Wool "  ]  [ i^arrels. . 

•Canvass [ ' " IK)Unds' 

Furs *_        '         -  -  -  -  -yards. 

*Port  wine. :  -  -^rrels. 

♦Sherry  wine'.".". "«gsiteads. 

*Brandy '_ -  -casks. 


88,316 
10,763 
987i 
n,725i 

300 
9,017 
3,170 
2 
2 
9 
3  liogsheads 
and  1  cask 


$56,901  93 
34,007  95 
,    354  25 
964  49 
5,283  65 
1,848  48 
326  08 
180  40 
133  42 
179  68 


Custom-house,  Bv^falo^x  Y., 

March  18,  1852. 


Imported  for  coa«mnption. 


'« 


} 


matmmt  ofCanailinn  ^'  7  ^  't 


ArticJi 


number.  .1 


porscs. 

Jorned 'cattle. 

H -...".'■"".".■""*"  , 

f  rass  seeds  • .  no 

|e Ronal  eflects".  * " ^usliels* .  | 


¥i 


psroM-HousE,  B^^^^o,  N,  Y.,     ^^^^  ^ETCHUM,  Me«.^. 

■^«»cA  18,  1852    "  .     '"  .  '  /'   # 


•Hit 


^:* 


■■»■--"    ■  V'"  ••    ■'* 


i    i 


\ 


»'?€•» 


158 

•I" 


JH 


H. 


fOC. 


136. 


I 

I 


"^ 


a 


o  •* 


eo 


/5 


.ss?- 


s 


I     H 


5  & 


t- to 


S 


U 


S- 


t; 


dl 


««M     ■£ 

;■^ 

a-S 

c. 

O    oc 

•^  1, 

E    3 


?* 


S 


IS 


5 


\ 


SP 


o 
I 


s 

^  .^t 

h 

"S  i, 

S 

^o 

■"  * 

s 

fpQ 

> 

i? 

h 

1     -^  o 

■ii 

^ 

.  nt 

s. 


I 


=^ 


i 


I 


ll 

1 

m 

tit 

■H 

.1 

r^ '  "^^^HM 

,  :; 

1 

^ " 

i 

■'% 

■*      i 

i 

N 

Staves  and  JumTer 
ants  or  upward,  /: 

^hore  of  Lake  Erie 
Oleveiand  loo    P 

formed  by  the  p'rJie 
;vh,ch  was  former], 
however,  partiaJJyr^ 
government,  by.  4,- 

jtiiatmostoftbeWcv, 
now  readily  enter  iP. 

J    i  fie  peninsula  of  J 

^land,  the  wash  of  th 

f 'e  iiarbor  havinr.  tvv 
Hj  deepened,  %„, 

Menthofwateror 
«>  har5or  much  more 

brciught  Kn-k  the  p 

t^n  vessets  whic-h 
^''ecusfomed  to,;.o  W 

U-ana  fron,  Erie  to  j 
fc.«<  tJ"'  Ntate.   IV 

f  agricultural  resntir 


^  harU  much  more    ''  "' P'-"^^^'nt,  f,  fron  ei  It^'^'^  ^^^ept^a'^J"  . 


;p  the  one  or 
"^  •'"nimcrce  of  the 


.""  vt^'sselS  which  rr.,/'        ''    '*^    tl 

;'.^«"«ton,ed  to  .0  ,W  £'''"'  ^'"'^  ••• 

I   '•^^•wyiiimtcd  ^^'"^^'- quarter 


/'•" 


i»-  M 


i»r, 


1  ) 


*  $1 '    •       t 


<       *    ; 


:t^  '. 


■  "^  uiv  nuner/il  ■....i       ^    '  "miot  Ir.nrr  ..      •   ^'^  "'struts  •  hm 


d'    ■     ♦•■  fir  I   » 


t< 


surplus  for  cxportution.  ^  principally  of  assorted  rner- 

The  importations  ^r  ^^r^AfHcturc's  of  iron,  amounted  to- 
cha^dise,  tlour,  fish,  and  manuiactures  ^  ^  ^  ^1^79,913 

UmpoTts   coastwise 3,455 

n         foreign 

1,983,308 
Total  importation ''  __ :  —  -^-^ 

^        • .  V.vnnrts  coastwise . .  -  -» _  _  _  15,415 


of 


Exports 

»*         foreign... 

Xotal  exportatiou- 


2,222,997 


Theei^irecommereeoftlie^ortamo^ 
The  cb.acter,aiid  <f^ ^^"Z^^  ^  -hibited  m  the  annexed  I 
the'ir  compa'rativ-e  »»«>^: 
tables  hr  the  sehcs  ot  year. 


as  ua: 


med : 


. pounds 


8,507 
4G,G61 
G5,4a5 


21,534 
123*370 
476,922 


Coal 

Leather 1'"^;;  _,_ 

18^00 
" '  /    150 


yCheese 
Stoves 


\llailroad  and  bar  iron.. tons. 

mass      pounds. 

^  iV  ...tons. 

g<^"?P .tbns. 

Pig-iron Y.        i 

Iron  and  nail*^ "'"     m" 

Staves --j^ 

Lumber  --'•■-- ,„ 

-r*"-" ■.v.bati;:: 


V.- 


83 
1,168 
3,324 


Beef. 

Barley. 


.bushels. 


^«^'"S'----- ■■"bushels.: 
;^°™; .pounds., 

^•■"■"•••-■-%"- 

Flour **®V- 

Feathers....... -PO^*^- 


560 

4,448 
<i50 


2,052 
621,500 
\   409 
800 
612 
1,056 
3,901 
36,200 
333,602 
882- 

7,6ai^, 

?   656 


86*,OO0| 
19^1 

989,0ft 

1,410,6^ 

1,071,6!H 

3CI 

673,49! 


12,8j 
31,7l 


11,1 


863 

..;-  .  • 

660 
260 


6,679 

641 

14,663 

66,760 


^ 


'^  imports  in  Britisi 


J7 


Articles. 


_______2__  Continued. 


163 


Ginseng 

Whiskey" '/usheJs-. 

Ashes.:  ■' --•'^^rreJs.. 

-casks. 


184C 


^2Q 
4,S00 

2,184 


t'^'^  >  .^.i 


I.  i 


14,075 
2,546 
16,300 
35 
2,272 


110 
54,041 

2,088 
323 


The  E  •  ^^ — -  —  -_    1  '^^^ 

effect  is  seerin"'tr  "^^"^^  ^^^^  '>eon  in  .~~T~^-— '-— ^-_ 

The  ,  ,  andXfcr  ^""^^'^^--'.  «nd  ^^^.'^^^  ^>^  note,  thtt 

The  tables  folJowhic,^  [,    '"'""''^-^  «'"iJiis  port  is  7  ««r'  "°«^^ward. 
M  detad,  with  value  tonn        ^*""^  ^'-^^''^it  the  cv  ,1     '^^^  ^""«- 

CANADIAN  ........  ,       ''''^^*^ete. 

JnWican  vessels 
Jn  Jintish  vessels 


CAJ^ADUJ^  TIUDE  I.V  ^, 


ImportB. 

-^^419  00 

16  00 


I>Bty  coJIected. 
$84  00 
4  00 


.In American  vessels 
in  JJntish  vessels 


'^"'^"^''"^in^oZ 


=i^l"?  88  00 


/ 


671) 
839 


Total  imports ^  '    '   ,     . 

» witish  vessels         


pKL"^S?--*; 


Value. 

5^1,342 

1,678 


^ 


«i2,385 
3,080 

/15,466 
^14,1 46 


'  >       i         W  if  '^  d 


"^ican,  steaili.. 
''^'tezl.. 


Tonnag^ 


*^geHnmrd. 


•\-  • ' 


^_      ^-      Tow. 

•-••-'^.   U    1,039 
'e       7JJX 


,:;i^^ 


164 


H. 


Doc.  186. 

(}Ktward. 


m 


A-merican,  sail 
pritish,  sail..- 

Lalcc  rcce'm 
Merchandu^nd  sundrie 

Flour  ..-•- , 

-Water-lime -  ■  - 

Fish.: 

Salt y" 

Salt • 

Railroad  iron ' 

Railroad  spikes 

Limestone 


No. 

33 

6 


Tons. 
3,205 
721 


"  -*«  *"  ""  ^;-^toS2,600  pound,    «,800,000 


.  -    -   '■ 


Hops .  -  -  - 
Iron  ox6  . 


9,839  barrels 

984      " 
4,G46      " 
21 246      " 
10,200  bags 
1,816  tons 
664  kegs 
340  cord^ 
66,633  pounds 
670  tons 


ital 


Wool.. 

Butter. 

"Cheese 


coa^twkcatthcfort^i^ne,  Jrcn    j 
-• 


486,303  pounds 
989,062 
416,696 
19,396 

Leather '.'. .  102,706 

Swrch ..  1,071,694 

Stoves  and  hollow  ware ^2^,(^12 

Iron,  bar,  &c / : ' .  2,876,000 

Merchandise  and  sundries 351,985 

Glass ;  ■ . .        221,514 

Glass  ware.  - . ' 116,000 

Oil-cake  .  • 
Oil-cloth . . 
Salseratus. 

Flax 

Malt  .'..-• 

•JJaUow  >.  ■ 
Fire-brick. 


u 

t( 

li 

(t 

(i 
il 
(I 


Shingles 

Corn 

Oats 

Barley 

Dried  frui%. 


i::: 


37,460 
9,662 
30,969 
77,800      ' 
31,700      ' 
31  M 
'i21  " 
14,389  bushels 
64,041 
11,822 
894 
10,442 


Rye 

Coal 

Pig  iron 

Raikoad  spikes 

Pork 

Ci'icr  ^  »••••■ ' 


,-......-—»•-■ 


944  " 
356  " 
110  banela 

206      " 


34,436 
430 

27,^ 
21,246 

1,27!&/ 
81,7dO 

1,692 

1,610 

6,653 

1,995 

1^,913 

1851. 

$145,890 
123,633 
85,001 
4,849 
6,162 
^,      37,639 
'-     21,620 
1,100,000 
.      12,319 
51,206 
696 
7,490 
483 
'1,857 
3,112 
2,636 
620 
1,552 
7,194 1 
16,213 
6,911 
1,788 
6,221 
=228.0001 


population  in  1 

This  is  u  mo! 

to  none  west  oj 

•  coast  of  Lake  I 

sylvania  and  i\n 

It  contains,  b( 

considerable  ijuj 

Harbor,  Afadisor 

This  district  h 

agricultural  distr 

iand  IS  soft  ancfer( 

cially  adapted  to 

^owth  of  all  the 

Among  its  inosi 

flour;  large  quant 

together  with  port 

but  chiefly  eastw 

cheese,  large  qua,, 

Uned  for  Cincinna 

«ties. 

A  railway  passi 
iake  shore  js  nearh 
aportionof  the  co 
^S^conneetrrig  CI 
lormmga  commun 
many  Branches  of  i 
HT  advanced  alread 


»»»»•! 


Eggs 

Rye  flour., !;;;■"'•• 

Fiour,  "fiincv" 
Whiskey..;    

.,  Apples. V..,; ;;*;••• 

High  wines  . 

Ashes . .  "• 

NaiJs  ...V.V".*.'; 

Lumber 

Oars....    

Bark....    '*" 

^«per...;;;;; 

Sheep  pelts...'." 

Staves ..  .    '"•••• 

Hoop-poioa  . . ' ' "  _' "  * "  * 

'  .;      Total . . . 

Clearaiibes  coastwise 
^ntruhties  coastwise  . .' .  " 


^*   J>oc.  18$, 


110  barrels 


165 


*'■  •.' 


.« 


«" 


8J2 
1,237 

i,4ao 

1.0  J  8 

323  casks 
|,097  kegs 

1,220   « 
,        '^G2  cords 
4,500  reams 
705  bundles 
1>492,728  pieces 
758,500 


\8m,2 


(( 


«1,760 
2,43G 
6,666 
.  8,680 
2,036 
3,948 
12,920 
24,388 
128,997 
33,248 
524 
11,260 
16,920 
29,854 
7,585 

_2,207,588 


A.    •  7 


•  i  ■"  ^  • 


'/, 


■  /■ 


i,5Gl 
1,561 


^O.  U.-DISTKIOT  OP  CUVAHOGA. 


312,200  tons. 
312,200     «« 


i 


Pot     f  '^^^AHOGA. 

popuktionT7s3?Tn4*."^''-  ^^"" '  ^'ititude  41°  30'   Inn^v    i    o  o 
TJ,,-o  •  "'  1»070.:  m  1840  r>  n^i    •    7^       '  ^""^Jtude  81'='  40'- 

Ihis  IS  a  most  imnorfifu  Ait-        '  '^^'  "^  IS^O,  17,034        "-^    *"  >  , 

to  none  west  of  Tinfr!!        tJ- ^"^*'  ^^^'ontl  in  the  v-ilnl"  A  '  *^  fi    '•  -     >^      W 

It  CO„,.i„,,  ^..■y'*^  ™^^^^^^^^  ...         ,    ,^-,,..      ,(     J,,J 

considerable  imnMrf.  .' "*^  Pojt  of entrv    r.,.',^        .^'  .      .  ♦.      R'4.    •♦Til?  ff 

Harbor,  Mul  rS"r/"'"^  ''^^  ^-"-->t!SUur2^^^^^  T^  ?^ 
This  district!"  br  its  ;"?r'  -ndm^ck  lll^T      '  ^""""^S'^^h^'b 
affricuIturaJ  Wict..;...,.     Jr.  *^'*^^  <^"ountrvone  oft)».fi„„„.  _.  , 


inis  district  has  Ibr  its  Ivir^L-    '"^"^  ^"^er.  ^      -  - 

"^'1  'n  great  nart  w.^f  !!:i  .i^!?  '^^'^  «f  the 


land  i.  soft;ndTo  ]"  ;V'^^  ^/^"'«  ^'^^-^'^oi^  nii^  ^r  '?"'*  T^^^ 
-«%  adaptSlo^i^',  f -r;! '"  S-nt  part  w^'i^'am,  fer  He  ." l'^  '^'^ 
^owth  of  .,11  fi  V'"'^'*^"*n  <^t  Irtiits  -in,]  , '     :  , ,   "^' ''nd  cspe- 

^  An  n.  f    '''  ''.'■'■^''1  ^•'•^'Ps.  '^  veg<.tables,  and  to  the 


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^Sciences 
Carporatioti 


23  WBT  MAM  STMIT 

WIBSTIII,N.Y.  145W 
( 71* )  •72-4503 


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^  X-'^jL.      ■^■iw'.- 

» 

• 

^50  H.  Doc  186^ 

Of  canals  Cleveland  has  two  of  great  value,  one  connecting  her  ^tb  ^ 

Portsmouth  on  the  Ohio,  and  another  unjting  th^^J*^^^^^^^^ 
T^pnvpr  on  the  Ohio— V  rtuallv  a  canal  Irom  Cleveland  to  ruisourg, 
Sa^u^h  as  loaded  canal  boats  are  continually  towe.1  by  small  steam- 
CTS  from  the  mouth  of  Beaver  river  ta  the  latter  city.         >^        ^ 

Wrthree  different  lines  of  internal  communication  du-ect  to  the 
harKS  on  the  coast,  most  of  them  among  the  best  on  the  lakes,  and 
^^se  from  the  centre  of  the  richest  of  the  western  States,  it  will  readily 
t  perceSed  that  the  district  of  Cuyahoga  must  be  the  theatre  ol  com- 
me?ciirtransactions,  which  have  no  small  mflue^ce  upon  exchanges 
S-  nrXe  and  merchandise  in  the  great  marts  ot  the  seaboard.  Con- 
nLurthe  easternmost  port  of  the  district,  is  aboM  twenty  miles  west 
neaut,tneeasiern  ^^  ^^^^  name,  which  affords  a 

SSir.    Nol^^^^^^^^^  the  commerce  ot- this  nort,sepa. 

ffiv  have  been  received;  but  it  Is  very  considerable,  as  Oojmeaut  is 
Se  entrepot  for  the  landing  of  suppUes  and  the  shipping  of  produce 
for  aTarge  and  fertile  agricultural  region,  not  only  of  t^he  ad/cent  coun- 
trv  in  Ohio,  but  of  an  important  section  of  Pennsylvania. 
%he  nexl  port  to  the  w'estward  is  Ashtabula,  similarly  situated  on  a 
smaU  s^eam^aring  its  own  name,  forming  a  g^Jjf  ^arW,  wi^h^fe^^^^^ 
ties  equal  to  the  requirements  of  the  place.  The  town  stanc^  back 
s^meTo  or  three  miles  from  the  port,  upon  a  rise  of  ground,  forming 

""  Th^SmSof  tt'port  for  the  year  1851  consisted  principally  of 
buS  Tese,  wool,  leatfe,  beef,  pork,  ashes,  fruit,  lumber,, staves  &c 
for  exports,  amountbg  to  the  value  of  . . . .  -  -  -;-•••;•  "-'■  '*°  ' 
And  ofmerchandise,  agricultural  unplements,  fiirniture,  hides.     ^ 
and  a  Uttle  wheat  and  flour,  for  unports oviy^iL 

Making  the  total  declared  value  of  the  trade  of  this  port J!^h^ 

.       The  tonnage  owned  at  Ashtabula  consists  of  two  brigs,  of  280  ton* 
each,  several  schooners  and  one  scow,  making  an  aggregate  of  1,741 

^TuL^^Xr^r^rt^^^^^^^  moment,  except 

'"'^^B-lt  Z^  ^'^^^o  the  lake,  in  fro.t  of  the  townof 
Madfson,  about  eighteen  miles  west  from  Ashtabula,  and  twelve  em 
from  Fa^rt.  tor  tlie  accommodation  of  the  ne  ghborhood  m  shipping 
Zl8,Ser,  and  produce.    No  separate  estimates  ot  its  commerce 

n^^p^Jtt^icl:^^^^^^^^  which  foKiishes  one  of  the  n^ 

eligible^arbors  in  the  West,  and  s  quite  ^"^^'^"tly  ^^STrAshtobuk 
trX  of  any  western  port.     It  is  thn-ty  mdes  west  fro"™  Ashtobua, 

^d  thirty  east  from  Cleveland,  and  is  ^^^^Jj?^  ^«»J^P W^^'l^X 
inir  nort—Painesville,  on  the  ridge,  three  nules  inland  from  the  |ake, 
SSe  Sipal  T^t  and  plage  of  business,  as  weU  as  the  coung 
t^olta^^orty  It  isjp^retted.  tharSo  particuSr^^ 
S^  been  receivedVm-fl«i^ce,  Indicating  the  .^o""*  °f  ite  ^ 
mdrcc,  tonnage,  ^c,  as  it  is  a  port  of  no  little  consideration,  Mid  holds 


t-ve^ty^ighVr^^'Cif  ^^^^  P««  of  this  district,  lies  about 

Its  name.    Its  commerce  is  of  n^  '  ^"/''•'^  "^^'- fr«°^  which  it  S 

and  public  places.  '""'^'  """^  'AteBpcrsed  with  fine  squarL' 

As  a  place  of  business  ;i;.„f  I.-  u-  =<l<iM-es 

?»>  scarce  ftil  to  be  comm^sS   'T,'^''''™!  ™''  '<»  ««"e  g^wth 
mducemems  a,  a  residence  Sor  S  i  ,  ""?"""« H  "»« ;  norCS    ' 

«««« advancement  o.an„.be;Ta?S^»rrel;i  -  ^ 


.  '^ 


* 

-1 


The  neccssValtemUons.bcing.therSfore/madeinthefigure^^  ihe 
commerce  of  cSvahoga  4isUict,  as  jrepresented  by  Cleveland.  Us  port 
ofentry,  is  as  follows:  joo  804  169 


Exports 


Total  coastwise 


.$34,S30,G56 


,            -f     .  .        360,634 

Imports  foreign ^^  ^3^ 

Exports.. do » '____ 

Totalforeign ------        ^^'^^^ 

Total  commerce,  for  1851,  of  Cuyalioga  (^trict.. .  .•-  35^76^327 

Whole  number  of  vessels  from  foreign  ports- 
Entered  in  1861 J ^--- 

Entered  in  1860 


Cleared  in  1851. 
Cleared  in  1850. 


.322 
.292 
difference:  gain, 30. 

.247 
.216 
difference:  gain, 32. 


■  The  foUowing  table  will  show  the  comparative  business  of  Cleveland 
in  some  leading  articles  of  its  irade  for  a  series  of  year8,jisnamed. 
AU  these  are  exports : 


Articles. 


1847. 


Flour barrels 

Wheat bushels 

Com bushels 

Oats bushels . 

Pork barrels. 

Beef barrels. 

Butter pounds . 

Lard pounds . 

Coal tons. 

Ashes barrels . 

Whiskey  . barrels. 

Tallow pounds . 

Baccn^ ...pounds. 

Staves ... thousands . 

Wool pounds. 


"  697,663 

2,366,263 

1,400,332 

32,000 

27,289 

8,246 

917,090 

480,160 

8,242 

2,062 

12,067 

140,000 

840,900 

1,378 

676,933 


I,        1851. 

1848 

472,999 

656,040 

1,267,620 

2,141,913 

6^0,162 

906,653 

264,707 

68,464 

28,338 

13,680 

10,321 

26,944 

1,927,300 

1,550,900 

1,140,600 

1,730,700 

11,461 

81,500 

440 

1,830 

28,460 

38,774 

198,000 
1,164,600 

789 

773 

8,939,lil0 

To  this  table  may  be  added  an  export  for  the  year  1861,  unJaMmj 
to  fimner  years,  of  uve  hqgs,  80,000.  I 


It  will  be  remeir 
cedenfed  demands 
caused  the  exporrai 
that  any  diflerence 
must  be  ascribed  to 
of  demand  for  I847 
The  valuation  of 
above  named,  is  thu 


I.-..- 


^'ti^%^-K*i>iM 


iP  Ilfieri8<|. 


It  wiU  be  remembered  that  i«^^   *  '  '  Uti 

must  b^  ascribed  to  no  V^PP^"^"^  ^'""nution  ?n  .K  '"  /''°  ^^""t'y.  80 
of  demand  formy  '^^'"^  ^^  ^"'^  ^848  aSd  "sflf  f"''^^'^^"^  >^^ 
-  Jhe  valuation  of  the  cor.^  '  '°  ^"  "^*^« 

-^ve  named.,  thus  stoT"^--  of  Cleveland  for  the  th«e  year. 


Whole  numberofwtZr     ~  — — 

.    Forisir^^^^^^o^t^is^ 
-  ForU850     

Jnprease 

Whole  number  of  cJpnro., 

For  I860     



Increase 

■Total  foreign  trade—  1 

For  1851 

^or  1850.  ■;;;;; 

Increase 


-.1,981 
-.1,381 

- --600 


-1,963 

1,378 

681 


$645,671 

•-'--549,649 


96,122 


,  It  should  be  rem«rk   1    u  SS 


inadkm  trade  ** '^^^• 

Dntjr  «ollee(ed. 
^u  1220,638  $62,444 

Imports.— In  Anien|ar|  vessels 140,096  42,164 

^         In  Britisll  vessels ••       ^*  '  . 

360,634  94,598 

Exports  domestic  loAucc  and  manufacture-       ^^^^^^^^ 

In  American  vdbs^ls - 133^179 

In  British  vessels. 

284,937 

Total  imports  anjH  exports—  $372,296 

In  American  |essel8.  - .- -•"•   273,275 

'         In  British  vesfels .. i---- 

645,571  j 

Au^     f  .f  ^lu^  received  from  importB  (rr  merchandut  in.  American  od\ 
Abstract  of  ddu^  ^^J^^^^^^ng  I860.  ^ 

^    I860.-Amiuntofduties  received  from  imports  in  Amer-     ^^^^^^^ 

AirntTdtieV^ceiieif^^i'im'p^ism^  ^^^^^^^^^ 

vessels. ^  

Total  amount  received  in  1860 , . .  - ;  3^ 

'  (A 


<'., 


^fitrancet  and  cleara 


,4    .  .'t"-"' 


'V„ 


\^  ..  •--; #;  '•,. 


„S> .      .  ■ ,  '  ,    .  »i*tti 


^'^0(1^186. 


»»«»*««  e^'A*  Jbreign  trade  of  th.  j-    •  .  ™ 

number  of  vessels  tn^«^  •'^«o«  ?r  Mc  t^u/r^t  «/*  ^-«^i  .    " 

1860-'51.  ^''''  '^'^'r^>  ^"^  number  ofcreJlJ^^^  '^  ^ 


1850. 
American  vesseJs  entered 
Foreign  vessels  entered 


^.mtm  vessels  cleared 
Foreign  vessels  cleared. ; . ." " 

If 


mam  vessels  entered 
eign  vessels  entered. .  [  [ 


-•v«,  vessels  cleared. 

!^  vessels  cleared 

"  •  -  • « . 


-Number  of  v..„,.._.      .        T       ''~^'^' 


H-N«mber  of  veMeb  entered..  , 

^fta.berofv|°eb^t:^:---::-\:::;::::i!:;:: 

I    ^°  do       cleared.. ;;'"*"^ ^-..l 

A 


) 


1,381 
1,878 
1,981 
1,963 


-  ^  *■  * 


n.-i.' 


172  .      H.  0c»i:'l)^8. 


BXPOBT8. 


Species  of  merchwidue. 


.bushels. 

do. .. 

do.. 

.barrels 
...do.. 


Wlieat 

jCorn...  — 

Oats 

Flour --•• 

J°''H tierces. 

g^^J ; barrels. 

^^^: do... 

i:^:::::::::::::'-. kegs.. 


.do. 


5";i" :■'■' ;V.barrei; 

Butter.. , 

High  wines ""•  " 

Whiskey.. '^":^" 

Green  apples '  "do" 

Dried  apples T^' ' 

Tallow T^" 

Salt f 

Fish T-' 

Lard  oil - ^^" 

Paint j^ 

^?^ :"*  ".'.".".'.casks. 

^^^^ •^*"    bales. 

^ool -yr  .....boxes. 

Glass <-  -  •  ■ '  1 

*"°D^!";::.v.'.v.'-'---V.".'.ctks: 

Cheese , 

Starch ■^°--- 

White  lead. . .  - ^^,^' ' 

Nails f-'- 

Powder vf°--- 

Candles - ■ ^^^«- 

Axes .- f" 

Bacon ^i**     " 

Tobacco J°- •  • 

jjjj  hhd.. 

^^^rooro^corn  ^«1^^- 

Bar-iron — 
Pig  iron  .  - . 


Grindstones 
Rags 


.tons, 
.do., 
.do., 
.do.. 


Qointltici. 


2,141,913 
906,663 
68,464 
656,040 
13,680 
16,011 
4,428 
4,314 
8,731 
13,576 
967 
24,806 
43,969 
2,926 
2,763 
660 
7,131 
1,456 
1,263 
6,686 
8,280 
944 
1,830 
26,261 
22,930 
8,776 
451 
40,069 
3,397 
1,176 
27,824 
I   618 
2,360 
126 
149 
1,000 
803 
660 


1,616 
2,674 
1,956 


Vtlne. 


$1,499,339  1^ 
362,661 

\  -     17,8001 

X  1^,132,130  ( 

190,1201 

165,121 

26,56Sl 

69,0241 

69,8481 

122,m( 

17,4^1 

210,842 

111,652 1 

4,0 

22,1041 

9,900| 

7,131 

10,18$| 

373m| 

34,11$| 

74,5 

7,5 

45,7« 

l,969,57l| 

45,& 

26,2 

13,5 

120,2 

10,19| 

..2,3 

97,3 

1,811 

I4,l(l| 

1,5 

2,2 

12,0 

28,1^ 

7,9 

46 

45,1 

13,3 

6,^ 


^peciM  of  mensliaiKUae. 


H:   Iloc.  196. 

^^"^Portt— Continued. 


ITT 


8pe«le«  of  m«reiiaiidiw. 


38,380  00 

1,920  00 

64,700  00 

10,044  00 

2,310  OO 

14,202  00 

78,390  00 

3>864  00 

12,411  oa 

32,200  00 
13,341  00 
22,160  00 
3,300  00 
26,656  OO 
400,000  00 
69,342  0(y 
50,400  00 
86,670  00 
12,440  OO 
530  00 
2,535  00 
6,335  0(y 
80,000  00 
2r^44,800  00 

12,026,497  Oa 


IMPOBTS. 


Specio*  of  mowliaadiw. 


ifish : ±-'- 

-...do 


^wood... 


•M  feet.) 


Qoantitiet. 


90,607 

8,383 

22,294 

12,263 


I  iron. . . 
spiked 


.tons. 


.No.. I 


=^^2r 

3,988 

7,383 

4,666 

540 


TaliHk 


S9o,607  oa 

10,478  75 
144,911  00 
122.630  00 


8,361  00 

8,975  50 

368,650  00 

27,866  00 

3,210  OO' 


'  '"vi  •  f.  ■-^:'|l• 
r  <  • 


1"    * 


174 


H;  Doc.  186. 

Import*— Continued, 


SpeciM  of  merchandiae. 


.do. 
.do. 


Pig  iron tons.. 

Bar  iron ^o-  -  - 

Castings ^^ 

Crude  plaster "** 

BV>oni  iron 

Lehigh  coal 

Copper  ore. . . , ^^-  •  • 

Mwble ••doy 

MolaBses.f barrels. 

n:.v.v.v;.;.-v.v.v.v.v.-i^d,:: 

Powder ...kegs. 

Nails. ...do... 

White  lead ««• . . 

Leather sides. 

Do - ro{J«- 

Dairy  salt .sacks. 

Coarse  salt barrels . 

Shoes bo'jes. 

Hops -bales. 

Green  apples baxrels. 

Cranberries do  — 

Siscawitoil :     ?\" 

Potatoes bushels . 

Oysters . .  .Y. barrels . 

•^[)q boxes . 

Patent'  pails dozen. 

Burr-blocks Pieces . 

Locomotives ^o- 

Limeslpne cords 

Fire-wood do . . 

Laths ..- M. 

MerchaJidise,  sundries tons 


Total  value. 


706 
498 
161 
1,412 
212 
514 
816 
1,213 
•   884 
«,082 
776 
9,636 
2,980 
7,060 
4,660 
1,120 
60,947 
1,663 
394 
169 
8,277 
646 
100 
11,000 
607 
2,066 
368 
1,148 
22 
784 
424 
1,991 
26,083 


$19,768  00 
20,990  00 
9,660  00 1 
4,230  00 1 
10,600  00 1 
6,168  00 
285,250  00 
42,455  OOJ 
14,14  Ool 
86,394  ool 
50,375  ool 
28,635 
10,438  I 
13,2fii 
13,650 
^3,600  I 
-  6,194' 

2,078  li 
19,700 1 
12,7201 
16,554 
•  3,2701 
3,0001 
,    6,6001 
3,6421 
37,188 1 
718 
1,4351 
176,000 1 
4,704 1 
848' 
2,9861 
20,066,400 


Port  of  entry, 

population  in  1850 

The  district  of 

chiding  the  ports  o 

ffldot,  Portage  Plas 

mifes  lake  coast,  ar 

vantages  for  comm 

by  no  other  on  Lak 

,  are  several  navigab 

[  pable  of  furnishing 

I  may  safely  ride  duri 

accMS  during  the  pre 

country  on  which  it , 

and  sends  forth  ^anm 

Metent  railways  an 

J    Vermillion,  tfie  em 

1 00  the  lake  shore  at  i 

Iffctantfrom  Black  rr 

I  markable  features  wh 

I  far  exchange  of  prodt 

Ifljarkets.    This  stater 


22,804,1691 


Huron,  the  next  p, 
Juron  river,  about  ten 
"»,  with  this  exceptioc 
1  me  bar  at  its  Aiouth, 
Kit  easy. 

Ashin.canalhas^  bee 

^ce  of  eight  miles,  h^ 

"j*  .^r^lwjry  was" 

ausky  and  Afansfielc 

merce  of  Huron  is  v 


H»   Doc.  186. 

No.l2.-D«xarcxoK8x«,„«Kv.OHxo. 


175 


Port  nf       t        o  --""UHKY,  Ohio. 

j;  «.|ay  ride  du^ring  fen  3-y  »■""•--  of  veJen'aS'lhev 
J  and  lends  forth  «{in»iiiilKr  i„  "  "^■"  w  affriGnlfnrni      "'^  ""ck 

Vermdlion,  tte  easternmost  of  !^nTh         I^n^rated.  "'  ""= 

markable  features  ,vS  r.     ^'  '""''^  "^""^  ^""^  Huron      h  hi'"  ""''^^ 

markets.     This  statement  exhibits  the  commercrof  !h     ^"^"'^  '«  °'h« 
'' '-     mmeice  of  the  port  as  foUoxVs  : 


If^orts. 


Total. 
47,  the  valuation  was. . 


$116,295 
196,712 

_Jtl3,007 

H"«>n.  the  next   nort    •  ^'^"'^"^""  IS^ 

5-Jj->aboutteS^::S-^^-^nI.  is  situated^, 
w,  wjth  this  exception—that  In  .         ^^^nduskf,  bnd  has  a  iroofl  hnr 

-^-ts.^th,.£~=j^.^^^^ 

"-nerce  of  Huron  is  valuSl  fblWs?  "°'  ^''  ^  P^«g^-««-     TJ 


orts. 


Total...., 

L^^^^i^^J^^uation^amoaated 
llfilanis 


'/• ' 


<56i,676 

1,468,831 


ttr  nearly777777^ 


__ijiKi4i£^i^ 


.,  --™™«^,tTn?T»a«f»»'(wtM!  n 


176  H.   Doc.  1^  ' 

returns  of  its  bu8iri«f»  are  supposed  to  be  taken  by  ^he  collector  at 
Huron,  through  which  port  aU  vessels  pass  in  going  up  and  returning 
irom  Mflan.   This  commerce,  acc^ing  to  thcrcanal-coUector,  amounted 
Jast  year  to—                                                                    » 
v^^^^         . $436,816 

^^:::::v-:::.v:::::. -.•-■■--  j^ 

Total.. -r.. - : '--      M^6.901 

-As  no  separate  accbunts  of  this  trade  appear  to  have  been  kept  in. 
1847,  it  is  probable  that  they  were  includc^^with  those  ot  Huron. 

Sandusky,  the  port  of  entry,  lies  on  the  south  shore  of  a^iAost  beau- 
tiful bay  of  the  same  name,  about  five  rhiles  trom  its  mouth,  and^con- 
tains  about  8,000  inhabitants.  This  bay  is  about  twenty  miles  in^ngth 
and  five  in  width,  forming  a  shelter  large  ^enouch  to  give  anchorage  to 
the  whole  lake  niarine,  with  an  average  depth  of  twelve  feet  water. 
The  bar  at  the  mouth  of  the  bay  is  sometimes  enlarged,  or  its  shape- 
changed,  by  the  spring-currents.  A  straight  channel  has,  however, 
been  dredged  tlirough  it,  at  the  expense  of  the  city,  in  vjhich  there  is 
about  eleven  feet  of  water.  j  i      „.«    •, 

Sandusky  city  is  the  capital  ot  Erie  county,  Ohio,  and  lies  68  miles 
west  fi-om  Cleveland,  110  miles  north  fi-om  Columbus,  414  from 
Washington— directly  facinig  the  outlet  of  the  bay  into  Lake  Erie,  at 
three  mfles  distance,  of  which  it  commands  a  fine  view.  The  city  b 
situated  on  an  inexhaustible  quarry  of  fine  building-stone,  of  which 
many  of  the  best  buildings  are  erected.  ,0 

The  Bad  river  and  Lake  Erie  raih-oad  connects  this  city  with  Cin- 
cinnati and  the  Ohio,  the  passage  fi-om  city  to  city  occupying  aboutM 
hours  •  This  road  runs  through  one  of  the  most  beautihil  and  opulett 
agricultural  regions  in  all  the  West,  literaUy  overflowing  with  the  cereal 
woduce  of  a  young  and  productive  soil  '  The  SanEusky,  Mansfield  audi 
Newark  railway  connects  it  with  Newark,  passing  likewise  through  d 
rich  portion  of  the  State,  and  crossing,  the  Cleveland  ajid  Columbuil 
road,  by  means  of  whidh  it  ^as  communication  with  both  those  citied 
The  advantageous  relations  of  this  city  in  regard  to  the  central  porj 
tions  of  the  State,  together  with  its  supeqpr  harbor  facilities  give  id 
an  active  conunercial  aspect.  •  _ 

The  deputy  collector  has  furnished  returns   showing  the  imp 
coastwise  to  amotn^ —  ^ 

In  1861,  to. . . , *^^'^Mfi 

'Exports  same  year,  to. ...  * 6,469,6 

■ 

Total  trade-coastwise 22,446,01j 

Canaxlian  imports,  1861.....^.. - 272,8 

Canadian  exptMrta^  1861.  >^^-»-»-.-^jk-j^^^  1^. •''  • ^^^ 

Total  commerce  in  1861 — n. •    62,816j 


pflrts  amounted-- 


•  / 


Mi 


Total  in  18«i.^  ^^• 

■Total  i«  1840.  ;;;;,V7<.- -■■-.,.- 


Vf7 


'"t% 


m 


wa,8i6,98a 


Jncrectee . 

^       

Number  of  arrivals  in  is/sT                       ""'■■' 
Number  ofde^^„«-/^8jI..-.. ,. 

"^  't.  •  •  •  .  »..     ' 

'         ,  /.  '^  

The  totaJ  quantity  ^  v^      .  "  ^  ^—  3,988 

In  1861,  to....  ' 

CdMtwise. .      ' r  V^ 

Abo  147,951  Urr^C  a  " 121,6%  bush*.!. 

'        *^r«i«  flour,  reduced  to  buij; ^.800.00?    '.r^- 
^'^g  a  totaJ  *...,-..             .           J"''"''       " 


^aiiQgatotaJ  equal  to...... 


The  followini?  rnr«  •      .     * "  "  '  ^^^^**07       u 


1849. 


•"Busbels. 

barreJs. 

•-•bushels 

•'.'.barrels. 
. .  -pounds 


'Wines 


•  barrels.! 

*'    '   1 

•pounds.! 


•/ nunjber.l 

■'         / pounds./ 


829,210 
56,«86 
98,486^ 
9,881 
16,781 
10,800 
610,961 
8,660 
696,881 
274,712 
1,908 
3,663 
2,491 
1,436,360 
183,269 
-    42,80a 
11,707 
11,000 
1,168 


1850. 


1,662,699 

78,902 
288,742 
18,63€ 
8,073 
287,187 
764,68a 
546,686 
860,798 


1851. 


' . .» 


•-  value. 


11,136 
<11,062'' 


176|379 
1.668 
2,778 
J      6,278 
^,669,677 
316,000 
.61,126 
34,761 
30,000 


1.922,069., 
147,961 
I,      712,121 
k.    .84^9 

^,66* 
176,900  ^ 
382,340 
8^(00 
229,71S. 

116,387 
^,082 
8,978 
-       11,M6     . 
l,69p,«4y 

o«»,046 
109,125 

-106,026 


1^646 
S20,806 


>,990 
t^,834 


£4^^ij^%.  .''.^iSi^  >. 


l-fs 


H.  Doc  IM- 


Sector: S369.419 


Imports. 
Exports  . . 


;y -■*•«. -_•___ 


TotM  for  1851 . 
Total  for  I860  - 


314,630 

673,949 
217,843 


466,106 


The  following  tab 

-  -        _— .STs^r"^'^^?^ 

Increase ^  ~^      —  H  ■««  iooi. 

V,    f  rolrl  creek,  on  Saniiusky  bay,  three  rmleS 
Venice,  at  the  mouth  of  Cold  cree^  ^^^^^^^    ^  1 

Ssi'birels,  valued  at. -■■;;; 13,242|jJ... b«.h.    JgS 

Crude,  MU  tons,  valued  at ^■"  Iwr.V.V.S"     ^"'i^' 

Total - .     rr7liS^--''»J     2.815 

.     L-    J- ♦«#.!  not  already  noUced,  IS  at-Bj,^  k"-^"-' 

Port  CUnton.  the  only  port  -  f^/^mCtskyf  and  havingbutr~ ^«-|    ^^U 

;naXn  the  lake  about  ten  nul^s^.^s^^^ 

a  narrow  pemnsula  of  land  back  o^^^^^^^  ^^^  ^^  ^^l^,  ot    ^^.^f^  are  enrolled  in  , 

The  statement  of  the  deputy  ^  *5J";M  »«^  4.786  tons  of  sni 

imports  for  1861  at ^   67,23^  1847,  total .  "" 

Expo?;,  for  the  same  year. • — 


TiJtal "■  i 

^-'•\       TiArt&    there  are  numerou 

Besides  tbe jto-H-J^^ft,^^^^^^  anjong  -h^ 
islands  includodjpnthm  tte  hB^>°»^  y^  some  of  them  aM 
KelWs,  Cunmngbam's,  Put-in  ^lYn^^ere  irales,  to  be  found anj 

where  on  tte  bjj*    ^?;  ~  Sat  Perry's  engagement  was  fought,. 
*MiA  in  fiieun  the  mt-  -t  ot  it»  n»~^"^ ^  i«land  last  named. 
STlSlSKnd  •5«ryiag  ^^"^^^*£^e.    Wood,  ttsh,  with  « 

vegetable  food.  •".^Sj^.^tTdefimte  returns  on  which  to  e 
^inhabitant«aireiiApM^.^jT^^       e^^^^  . 

^  the  voly  tf  tfagr  trsge  h^;g^^^°^^,de  of  the  distnct  m  dej 


gn  1861 . . . . 
in  1850. . . . 


'2f  value  of  domest 
Canada,  « 

[1849.— In  American  ve 
In  firitish  vesse 

-       Total 

p-{"  American  ves 
•>n  British  vessel 


$32,611J 

14,907] 


Total. 


A' 


Increase, 


•vA 


le. 


,-'»; 


.  [.  .  •*»  MLijiWtfjE 


P-i'-Nf"-/ 


Yesn. 


-  t 

Entnwoe..      Tom.     |     v J      C  T " 


2.843 
2,647 


540,171 
472,620 


19,565 
18,469 


'""f  ^'^ij^i;^ 


2,840 
2,590 


537,979 
464,807 


19,433 
18,096 


^^^  1.338 


"_,  ■ J li  -,— -1    1,338 

The  foUowW  tablp  x^;u      v, .  — ~— L 

.     "  uuring  the  years  1847 


Artioles. 


N«rt bbl., 

C" bitth. 

"" bWa.i 

l*^ bMh. 

|J«J- bblg.J 

Ji*"- do.. 

|™*«y....do.. 

|Jf"l»r ft.l 

No.l 


Huron 


MUan 


1847. 

113,066/    147Q<;i         i';, 

^w.IoO        5J)64l     oo>» 
61W       lAo;      28,7b»| 

i'fi  is^  ?a 
H  3,a  ?^ 

■/^"o^J  266,000    loor  ' 
«^.859^1.079,099i,8l5o 


Vermiiiioo.  ,i^ 
'851.    I    1847.    I    ,851. 


258,778 

220,864 

1.76-' 

56,03_, 

439 


40.000      37,388 

a  »?■?« 

20,000 
1,000 

600 

''oo.oooi.issS 


and-  ^mr^'tfVtl^'^^^  " 

^  1847,  total  ^  ^^^^^^3 ;  total. .  "'^  ^*^am, 

4,858 

-    4,3S2 


Increase 


536 


m-ln  American  vessels.. 

"  in  British  vessels  




Total. 


n""M'»«rican  vessels.. 
'         ^^  onuah  vessels 


$124  00 
S,950  00 


••-$39,43500 
43,2S6~W" 


I 

I 

id 


Total. 


■-"  •■-  i'; 


'# 
((')( 


.160 


Canadian  trade  in  1861. 


A^porto  coastwise  im 


Duties  collected. 
^fifioM  $2,244 

i-p«-}S^Si'=^sLr\':::::  «^  •■ 'Jl 

•76,628     .^l!^ 

Total.. ==  

r.  I.  U.is  is  included  2.2«««'o?6-tSie!TiKS  t^ 
J.toypaid  ""J'S.X'  ffict'oftStt's  Harbor,  in  Brimk 
Tb<ie  was  >"?«««*;"'  e*et«mS«  tons  6  cwt.  1  qr-  W  lbs.  id- 

y     ...  $33,239 

eK-. • / 

In  British  vessels 


Exports— In  American  ressel?^  -•      """""'^^. '].'.'. '. '.  -  ^*66,849 


99,088 

•    1  J ^j  ;«  t>i*>  above:  the  whole  amount  j 
121,672  bushels  of  wheat  included  in  the  adov^,  in  | 

principally  provisions. 

Totalunports  and  exports-^  Amencan^^-^^^^  ^ 

.'     174,7161 

Total 


Tonnage. 

Inwsri. 

•^««  vPQflpla        .  .     4  Steam  1,494  . .  - 
American  vessels  .-..•-  ^^  ^^  _  ^  .^g^  , , 

2  steam    280  .  - 
16  sail..     746 


British^essels 


Tota 


U 


^^ 


Outward. 

10  sail..  1.3 
3  steam 
9  sail..  M 


22 


^%iS'.': 


_  ^  Bpc  tat 

A»?«^  coastwUe  into  the  dUtrict  of  ^  j,    , 


101 

'^  31,^  ^e^i;f  i^^j^'  '^««'^  ^^a  year  ending 


Merchandise 

^Z^tT- ■-'■'■ 

SiMkes 

Machinery. ..." 

Stoves  and  castings 

I%iron _    

I'lnm,  assorted.' *  '  ]  *  * " 

«etiron.. 

Nails ;;; 

Tin  plate. . .  .'.',*" 

I  Threshing  machiiies 

8t«ffl:«ngines  and  boilers' "" 
[Scrap iron "^^s- . . 

jLocomodves  

iCoal 


|Dairjr  salt. 
FigJi 


^ater-lime.. 
Cranberries. . 

Lomber 

lies 

;le-wood. 
^wood. . 


^i.ori  tons. 

900  «      "  ■ 

17,486  « 

^480      «   

352J    «    

1,241  "    ■"*"• 

192      u    

449      « 

711  ^f:: 

81    boxes  .       I 

2    .  ■*•' 

3  ...;; 

40    tons.. 
12    ....... 

2,745    tons. 
52,738    barrels" 
4.224    bags. 
7,538    bafrels" 
2,058         «. 
1,502 
1,099 
^6,809    Mfeet. 
11,075    M..., 
440    cords' 
4,587 


(I 


f««9n8 ;;;;;; l     383,889    boxes'" 

Jware 1  10 

"arposts. . . ."'///_ 6,140    ^on's" " 

oond  plaster^  913    . . 

niture....]^ 2,690    ban-els''" 

^y '. 74,900    pounds"' 

"808 603    tarrels    ' 

"es, green..         314    . 

dried. ..," I       11,284    bari^fs' " " 

90         «     "  ■ 

ofortes. . .  .".*. I  279    keiri 

362^  .. 

7S    tons 
85    .... 

70,000    busS    ' 
220,000    feet 
9,000    ..    


•^8  ajJd  carriages.:. 


**• ■•■.::::".■.:, 


i 


$10,505,500 
3,900,000 
699,440 
38,400 
-     28,260 
198,560 
7,680 
44,900 
282 
2,506 
889 
700 
3,800 
400 
96,000 
11,100 
55,902 
520 
52,766 
12,348 
2,256 
6,594 
68,090 
27,687 
5,328 
10,320 
23,033      ' 
800  " 
614 
lU 
4,040 
7,4«0 
4,894 
2,518 
^2,568 
817 
2,790 


U«0 

17,000 

7,9ff9 

1»400 

17»00e 

M 


.  i  .* }'.  "^ 


'      '^^SM^W.V«et'j;«  '  lif^  i'  ,  ^IJi » 


i 


t ':  ■■ 

1  J-  'ii 

■\ 


m 


gpecieB  of  import. 


^l  Doc.   Iw.    . 

Quantity. 


Valae. 


I 


Marble 

Barley 

Lard 

Powder 

Malt. 

Tea... 

oa. - 

Empty  barrels 

i?otal»es....- 

Shingle  machine 

Brick -   ■ 

Miscellaneous  goods. 

Smidries 


44    tons 

266  bushels.  . 
359  kegs..  .  - 
960  "  ^-  ■  ■ 
206  bushels . . 
196  chests.. 
60   barrels  4 

660 

240    bushels.. 

1    

30,000    

264    tons 

677  articles. 


$3,525 
113 
^5,164 
3,600 
93 
4,800 
1,920 
280 
120«| 
126 
120 
1,0( 
324 


«o3,Tft&%'£S^^>^^-^'"l 


Wheat 

Com 

Oats 

Clover  seeil 

Timothy^eed 

Flaxseefl.. 

Hckory  nuts 

Express  packages 

Ftour ---•' 

Beef. 

Pork 

"Whiskey...- 1        12,698 

Highwmes 599 

Al^hol 11 

IB.. '         1 2,962 


2,621,224 
1,282,609 
239,936 
203 
740 
1,869 
643 
260,000 
194,682 
3,038 
7,196 
6,662 


bushels . 


barrels. 

pounds . 

barrels. 

tt 

u 
(( 
(i 

••     . 

»« 

tt 


$1,808,6 

613,0 

71,98^ 

2,8 

2,811 

6,97| 

500,0 
081,3 
91,8 
86,3 
36,0 
91,8 
12,9 

iM 


dberries 

Oitound  pkflter. 

Onide        •* 
g«reet  potatoes. 

Aifaes,  pot 


4 

4,146 

4,414 

93 

3,214 


tt 


tons.  .. 
bushels. 

casks- # 


M 

I32,j 
67,1 


okiti^^iiMiUj&ii  :.,.\.L;iu^d.>wiki4i^iSyi 


^^Port,  coa$twi,e-^oniiansd. 


Apples,  green 
dried. 
Peaches,  dried 

Batter 

Laid 

Tallow 

Feathers. .       157,127 

Wool...       36,361 

Beeswax." .' .'  .* .";;;.' I  2'3*9'771 

Ginseng.^ \' 

Leather  (in  rolls).!! 

"     (unfinished) 
Furniture _ 

Merchandise...  , 

810,093 

(&.'.'.'.".'."// I      666,101 

Oitcake.. 
Candles.. 
Com-meal 
Tobacco. . 


190 

barrels. 

86,452 

pounds. 

16,408 

« 

382,340 

« 

267,337 

(( 

3,296         «• 

3    barrels. 
61    rolls. 


106,768    pounds. 
188,700         ♦« 


Bitwm-com.V ^^J'^^O 

Fure                  •-"  21,666 

Livehogs.'.V ' 128,i25 

bregsedhogs I  ^^,399 


«rewea  nogs ...  AZ' 

FlaMeedoI....: ^'^^'^ 

JBIack-walnut  lumber." '  *'^^^ 

gtoves  (pipe,  hhd.  and  butt).'.'.' 


flea, 
sep-pelts. 
er-skins.. 
nptycaaks. 

BS 

eratus 


baiTels. 

426    Mfeet. 

M 


mm 

Ichairg. .. 

[iron 

oa ..::::; 

annngues 


6,947 
2,266 

1|036  bundles. 
64 

1,084  '. 

411  bushels.. 

20,166  pounds.. 

6  barrels.  .. 

42  tons... 


197 

11 

3 


(< 


<t 


barrels. 


>-plank. 
ffes. . . . 
stones. 


2,040    Mfeet. 
262       « 
530    M.... 

1,068   tons.  ., 


8,100        «< 
247,026         " 
17,807 

113,  barrels. 

J49,046  pounds..".*! 


$380 
3>i^ 
li9o9 
3,823 
18,7U 
13,370 
10,906 
796,861 
894 
100 
S,660 
21,368 
18,870 
162,019 
14,963 
486 
8,470 
1,780 
176 
64,906 
il,S26 
1,078 
128,486 
434,394 
896,44£ 
48,699 
6,37^ 
148,674 
6,804 
36,286 
8,700 
8J 


1,680 

16,760 

880 

108 


n^: 


.  I. ' . 


'>' 


rN  /' 


A     -r 


li  JS' 


mi 
ft 


^   1  '  1 


'?*H"   '» 


*■. 


'(.'?." 

'!•«*. 


•i'> 


^-t 


..Ato-    i   ifi^'.**  ^A^iN^.' 


ve^ 


tr 


gpeciei  of  export. 


Ship-knees 

RajJroad  ties 

Buggy  wagons 

t'i^ging  stones 

Bl^  stones -- 

Stoves  and  furniture 

Glassware -- 

Medicine 

Wood - 

Fish 


Hoop-poles 
aber... 


Qo^tity. 


60 
^,400 
2 
50 
1,000 
-      160 
5 
1 
2,877 
1,494 
139,000 
35 
5 
10 
423,227 


ValuB. 


M  feet.  - 
tons .  .  - . 

boxes. .' 
box 

cords.  . 
barrels . 


$60 
480 
.,175 
3,000 
8,000 
10,600 
50 
30 
3,409 
8,735 
1,390 
175 
90 
360 
68,766 


Timl 

Ox-marrow 
Neatsfoot  oil 
Bliscellaneous 


Ko.  13.— District  of  Miami,  Ohio. 
P<,nof  enu^,  Toledo,  latitude  «=  38'>ngi.ude  83o  36' ,  ^ 

prton  of  the  lake  <md  "y?.  ^^'^^^^^S  includes  the  pom  .1 
S»iding  line  between  M»=l>«»°  'SliXrZ  He  former  is  a  H 
Manhattan,  Toledo,  Maumee,  and  ^^"J'3  Maumee  city  and  Petj 
of  but  little  ™P»r'=''/r™  thlMaumrri^er,  Sn  a  iy-  mile,  3 

,     S264,7^ 

....-.-- **   *  jiinfl 

----■•••••'I 


Imports 
Exports 


"TbtSn 


305.81 


,^^ 


Toledo  is,  in  one  ] 

tensive  lake  commerc 
^  that  it  has  two  ca 
ffliteport:  one  the  M 
the  Erie  and  Wabash 
ana,  and  traversing  th 
Jbe  richest  portion  of  tl 
This  wcumstance,  w 

way  transportation  has 
With  water  for  the  in 

cubura^  nroduce,  rende 

date,  Toledo  must  becc 

vaUeysof  the  Miami  a 

trade  for  productions  of 

Jttenorthward,  thisisal, 

IJunately  the  great  mee 

lot  all  northwestern  Ohio 

■')eing  beyond  all  doubt  t 

espuve  States,  which 

lUmoj  for  their  agricultui 

■.7^5^o«  well  situated 

to  distance  from  the  ] 

miles  JVNW.  from  ( 

jnt  population  is  estir 

Jly  on  the  increase. 
[Onehneof  raifroad  is 
™ago,  known  as  the  Sox 
Bd,  which  will  form  an  i 
indusky,  and  the  other  e 
»w progress;  and  wil],  j 

0  a  twelve-month,  or; 

Mlus  to  the  business  of! 
rjCami  valJey,  in  the  dii 
&  "^J^t^ges,  togetl 
0^«fangement8 
P^eFoped  the  commerce 
■^wces  m  regard  to  its  f 

^commerce  of  Toledo, 
which  have  been  sen 

;gg^dl847tnocnr 

?*=««;  from  the  dl 
coastwise  for  1861 

coastwise  for  1861."^ 
Total  coaatwise  for 


'■■■   ■:■*.■■■      \~ 


-!m 


®i^  1^  18ft- 


laib 


Exports. "  "^  «^e  source  to  be- 

nc,207 

-■•* aa,557 

Toledo  is,  in  one  rcpect   mn         ,  '  ^'  '   \S^ 

ffl  its  port :    one Te  M      '    ^^  ^^^n^cting  kZthtl^nl^^  ^^  ^ 
theEr^  andWah^J^   "'\'^^  ^"^  canaf  to  P  nl"^  ^^'**'  terminating 
,  ana.  and  traveS  ^h'"""^'  '"^^'"^^n^muft  cati„  j"^*"^  ««d  the  X? 
the  richest  portion  oAlf  ''"'•""  ^^^««h  xXtVh!  ,  ^^'"'r^^^' M^- 

way  transportation  hrslV^'L'"  ^^nneW  wUh  tjt^fi  *" '*? '"'^^^ 
With  wateV  for  the  inl5        *°  ^^^"  ""aWq  to  conL.     ^^'"^^  ^^'^^^  '^^ 

cuburaJnroducVrendm  ,>  Tf^'  «^  4vy  ?St' ? ''S"'^  *""«« 
M  Toledo  must  hl^  ^'*''^"^«teJy  certain  th^t^*'  ^V""^  «»  agn- 
vaUeys  of  the  Smf  *''"f  *,^^  8^«nd  depot  Lth'  "/^W  dis^t 

trad7forprSuc^^ro?th  .^"^^^^'  ^"^ntrntl *Lt,.t"^'^  "^  ^ 
Ithe  northward  this?,  oi     ""*  '""^  ^«  annual  v  tSn„    ^  *^^  ^°""e  of 

IflfaJl  northwestern  fS-^^^-P^^^«  and  mart  Swl^  "  """'^  "^^«  be 

I  One  line  of  railroad  ;<,    l      j  r"""' "nd  w  pon- 

P«Wt|iowna,d,eSouSM,vrP''''^''^'»4i>S  Tofedo  Ji,l, 
fi,  which  wUl  form  »>.  ,-„7.     ™™'gan ;  and  anotbA    .t.  i  .      ?*''' 

"«»'wis6for  I861::;:;;;- ««4887,77» 

••••   wiSsMSO 


\  -r^ 


\t  «  r 


. «.  Doc.   t8»- 

''*'  133,007 

Imports,  foreign,  for  IMK -  ;  •  -  *  66,304 

Exports,  foreign,  for  1861  -....-  

* 

Total  commerce,  1861 


999,311 


30,934,891 


...  1,603 

Entrances '.....  1,609 

Clearances 

^     ,  3,212 

Total == 


.tons  418,892 
.    "     419,942 


838,834 


h  American  vessels 
Id  British  vessels. . 


Total  injports  and 
In  American  vessels 
la  British  vessels. . . 


f  tv,«  aistrict,  includmg  all  the  ports,  for  1851, 

The  total  commerce  of  the  district, 

1  he  tow  ^  $23,301,741 

was —  _  

Imports. - 

Exports 


7,986,724 


.it. 


Total 

The  same  for  the  year 

ImpOTts 

Exports 


Commerce  of  1861 . 
Commerce  of  1847. 


...*.» 


1847  amounted,  only  to— 


31,286,465 


$4,038,985 
4,034,624 

8,068,809 


.  $31,285,4661 
"    ...       8,068,8091 


Increase  on  four  years. 


enrolled  and  Ucensed  tonnage  for  1861,  is  ^.a^e^^^'-'^,,, 
^  ,o«i  ;« tViP.  whole  district lyj-"-  ^^       . , 


The  total  eiuu"»~  -^ — ,    „,i.«io  rliatrict J^, '  ^"  • 

Entrances  for  1861  m  the  whok  district.^   ^  ^^^^^ 


Clearances        do 
Totals.. 


438,' 
3^ ®^ 


CANADIAN  TRADE  IN  1861. 
JiiiporW. 


$8  441- 
In  American  veg8eu»...-'------.^a.0Q8. 

In  British  vessels.^  -  - ^^^'j=^ 


.duty  $2.1 
.  do     6>^ 


.  J « ■-»» " ' 


Totqlp 


,,26,469... 


7,8 


-^v 


jJ:j,i' 


',ji5'^'»'*«^*'«|^',.  "TPK^ 


N 


liK 


11 

191 


m 

834 


351, 

,741 
,724 

»,465| 


},985 

i,m\ 

5,4651 

iS,m\ 

6,65 


37,91 
38, 


In  American  vegsels 

In  British  vessels ..'..' 

Total  exports ^ 

Total  ixuports  and"  exports— 

In  Anaerican  vessels 

In  British  vessels 


Exportt 


Total  Canadian  trade. . .  ^ . 

Tonnage  inward. 


12. 


American,  sail 

Britifh,  sail 1 ....'".""  *7         " ^»''*2  tons* 

British,  steam !!..!!    2 934    " 


Tonnage  ovtward. 


ijuerican,  sail j 

British,  steam 2 ! 

British,  sail 7  ^ 


'\^ 


76^ 

$2,1 
6,3 

•■ 

■  /A. 

1 

Ji 

1-  k. '     ,    ; 

...-    ^ 

> 

. 

khK 

i  "    * 

I 

188 


H."Doew  1S(K 


'■'« 


■  ^--LH^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 


Articles. 


Qutotity. 


Assorted  merchandise - .  -i-  -  -  -tons. . 

Iron,  bar  and  bundle ^o. . . 

Iron,  railroad ^ do 

joD'Fg ;::;pounds!! 

Spikes...... ."."..pounds.. 

Castings,  iron ....\boxe8.. 

T» do... 

A^es .....No... 

iSve't^imnd^igs'. '. '. ! :::.-.--  -  -pounds - " 
Hardware - "nieces " 

^r.:!^;:.v::::.v.v-v.vpa5;p:: 

Machinery •.".■.'."gallons:'- 

Stoneware ..^.boxes.. 

S^^ .do.:. 

G}^^^--'-- ;. bags.. 

g°ff«^ •'         barrels.. 

^f^ ....gallons.. 

?fc:;::::::::::::"------^"?J-- 

Hides,  Spanish -^^-; 

Hops- - ...kegs. 

I'^T^^'^ :::.. barrels. 

Spuits \\ 


Od 


irrei 
lo. 


-,     1 boxes., 

Candy harrpls 

APPi-'f-" ."."."buXt.. 

Apples,  dry........ 

Barley - , 

Malt.  '  - ^°-'- 


S^ibe^::::''" barrel. 

Water-lime ^P--' 

Plaster ■- * ' 

White  fish  and  trout ^o-  •  ■ 

Majckerel .--- 


^alt. 

Leather ^  -  •  - 

Boots  and  shoes. 

White  lead 

Coal,  bituminous. 


.do. 
^...do. 
.  .bags 


..roi 

.cases. 

..kegs. 

..tons. 


- 


Value. 


63,260 
273 
9,416 
113 
18,928 
6,067 
10,099 
187,6^8 
2,176 
720 
4,199 
-20,292 
667 
3,619 
420 
683 
16,660 
3,249 
2,898 
647 
3,900 
13,380 
33,810 
16,380 
23 
20,242 
481 
132 
677 
6,364 
^  1,216 
'27,605 
3,672 
1,664 
1,828 
467 
10,499 
160 
102,032 
79,«8r 
1,110 
6,098 
1,837 
1,829 


$18,6O8,(«)0 
18,2«^ 
428,675  ? 
'  4,620 
2,082 
19,354 
60,499 
7,602 
20,760 
7,920 
60,386 
13,190 
389,900 
7,238 
27,300 
62,476 
1,666 
6,498 
.  7,249 
9,068 
70,200 
47,888 
6,071 
2,293 
2,760 
80,968 
26,455 
^,960  I 
2,031 
*    12,728 


Coftl,Lehigh 

Pianos .'  1 

Wagons. ]]  " 

Carnages,  &c...,\\ 
Rflfaoad  passenger  < 
Do.     locomotives 
Da     freight  cars. 
Tbreshuig  machines. 

Reapers 

In»  safes \\' 

Jwisehold  goods .... 

Marble ' ' " 

CWndstones 

Lamber * 

Sking^es *  * 

Laths .'.".".' 

Pine  logs 1 *" 

I  Hoses ° 

Cattle.......'.'///" 

J  Sheep. .//" 

pxpxjss  goods '." 

ISondries " 

Total  yalu( 

*f^  of  the  principa 
wtejrom  the^trt  of  Tt 


Articli 


iei 


1,823  U.^  .     V 

13,752L^^ 

9,424|3,'"# 

467F™'- 
73,49» 

107'?*''^^" 

33 30»? *'*^®-  •^'•'''''- 
oiq'ooS'®  horses 

'  7,8ir^'- 

I.  -  ■ " 

I      * 


«®t*S    iV.     lJ  ^r'4- 


■^ 


1381 

STATEMENT-Continued. 


Artifllna. 


Coal, Lehigh. .  '■'      . 

Pianos "  *  _" '•  •  -tons. . 

Wagons. ]  ]  "'' ^o.. , 

Carriages,  &c.. !""]', ; "a°"' 

Railroad  passenger  cars ' J^'" 

Do.      locomotives.  -     ■■;■■-••-  -ao .. . 

Do.      freight  cars..;;; ^•'^ 

Threshing  machines. .  -•----.  -do . . 

Reapers " ^^-  - 

Ir*  safes -../.. -  -do. . 

fiiHMehold  goods.     -do.. 

MaAle. ......        ■  •  \ packages. . 

T tons 


Quantit>. 


Grindstones. . 

Lomber 

Shinies , 

Laths ', 

jPmelogs 1, 

Horses ° 

Cattle........ 


^ 


7'70 
320 
43 
33 
10 
20 
150 
61 
76 
22 
1,628 
1,777 

feet..  11,837,747 
M..     6,277 
'-No...  2,669,716 
1,000,000 
101 
29 
2^1 


.No.. 


.ifeet. 
--bead.. 

-.:.do 

--.do 


Value. 


$5,775 
44,000 
2,580 
6,60 
20,000 
160,000 
71,250 
*    16,776 
15,000 
2,750 
12,284 
63,972 
697 
142,052 
1^,69^ 
6,423 
7,000 
6,060 
5,075 


Express  goods „„  , /  »?!  i  4  400 

^  "  I ^  17,755 

Total  yalue, I L» 

0/"  M~     ^~-^     — ~^--~^-^-^:^-11:LI_- -  -  - 1       22,987.772 

~~ r~-^~^__jy_     y«ar  cnA«^  December  31, 1861. 


Article*. 


^■:if::::: 


8.. 

•   ~    •    ■    •    i 

•♦ 


lard 
rd  oU.V; 
K  hogs.. 


TO  horses. 
TO  I  ■ 


"V 


'■•••■», 


bushels. 

do 

barrels.. 

casks.. 

r  -  -No..  . 

barrels.. 

:d6.... 

^?:--- 

' tteZ 

....do.. 

-...do.. 

do... 

barrels. 

•  ••«...,  .do, . , 


Jr.  AA«:^uvV>^ 


Quantity. 


2,776,149 

1,639,744 

,  242,677 

14,160 

4,096 

38,658 

^,165 


23,547 

744 

301 

1,759 

7,2^ 

1,884 


Yalne. 


$1,110,017 
1,082,23^ 
849,36g 
706,910 
5i898 
602,554 
434,64Q 
488,840 


117,736 
'23,880 
S7,090 
3,518 
69,318 
28,860 


!,'tJ!f»' 


1  "V 


190 


0.  Doe: 

STATEMENT— Continued. 


is . 

do. .  - 

.^o. .  - 
.bai 


*  ..pounds.. 

Grease. •. Wels. , 

Linseed  oil ^^^^^ 

Oil-cake j^^ 

Hides. J  .balesl 

Sheep-pelts '^  7 

Furs  (estimated) --^^ '  •  *  'J^- 

Oats^ *' 

Beans 

Barley..; ./-..Dag! 

Corn-me^ /  .barrel.. 

Sped •- •  -  /    bushels. . 

5«**?^-- '"""/..ibarrels,. 

Cranberries. "  -  /- ' .       boxes . . 

Cheese. -'•;*  j^, 

Butter .....'         ' 

Candles.-, /-^-        ..pjitfods. 

Beeswax -/ ^^^^^ 

E|a«8.. /-   -■- ...do.... 

f  "*» ■  -  -  y ■  ".*;.* .hogsheads. . 

Suffar.....  -/. ..barrels.. 

Molasses.  - . /.  - ■  ■  -  _  'bushels. . 

K;;co"  z:::::::::'-'--  -hogsheads. . 

m^^ Iw/  boxes .  u 

J*W  / ""       .  -  -casks. , 

8p'^ •  •  •  * . .  .roUs. . 

athers. ■ '^do". 

o"on-...- ^  ^^ 

Broom-<i;orn-- ^^ 

Hen»^:v--,— ••-:--- -•■;;;  "V^ks!! 

Mfeet.. 

:*"•" :.. M.. 


396,400 

147 

3,026 

7,126 

193 


. 


A 


'Aaji< 

Lui 

Stavcij^ 

Rags..i 

RoOTni 
'  Carrii 

Vamiahi*'. 

Peppermint,  oil  of. 

Merclioadise.  T^ 


4^ 


...pounds. . 
rolls.. 

/Ji-'if.. .".  .No*-- 

°^J ;barrels.. 

_  .*i. pounds.  - 

do 


64,441 
199 
676 
814 
4,866 
17,796 
678 
768 
3,119 
2,454 
36,200 
568 
326 
768 
388 
130 
1,216 
1,963 
'21,934 
2,642 
2,839 
1,090 
39 
16 
..725 
4,847 
2,134 
2,604 
31,453 
1,669 
23 
66 
400 
403,513 


Express  goods. packaji 

Sundries - *  ", 

Wash-boards;.- ^''^'''■ 


Total  value. 


9,081" 

785 


$19,820 
3,822 
,  46,390 
.  21,375 
6,190 
105,600 
19,332 
^.    '398' 
.      337 
1,221 
29,136 
8,105 
4,068 
2,304 
37,428 
^  12,270 
,    9,050 
3,408 
2,276 
56,850 
0,432 
97| 
42,5^1 
X   23,4^1 
>86,4 
/  79,26 
n2,92 
»1S 


10,871 

12i,17| 

32,01 

62,6d 

94 

6,8 

2,39 

4,31 


161,4 

917,5 

302,^ 

2; 


7,847j 


'1\ 


^-0.U.^D,ST»,CT0PD.XH0,X. 


Itl 


ri  ^'     f 


i^ort  oi  entry,  citv  of  n       •  ' 

population  in  1830  9000     •'^"'''  latitude  42©  OQ'    l^„  v  j 

dwtrict  not  borde»C»T  V  ,    "^  "^^^  extensivp  ^«„  ;t.'"^''- 
Michigan  kn^^^^-  Superior,  an  "eZa^ri/r^  f  '*^.  ^^k^ 
«n  line  o£(iij^SSP°"^hem  Peninsula.    Com!!!    •  *^'^*  Portion  of 

lakei««thmM^l,„;*^^f^f«d  St.ClairrivW^  f  ie^^  ^"«'  "P  the 
1  bM  fifteen  mrt",  iZe  5"  t-Tl"" "l  ■»"««•  '^  *"'='' 

Ftefo».freda„^*toj';«'«'nercfa,aa™^^^^^ 
.itwilliiot  ultimatelv  Pn.,  T  *"^  ^^^ent  of  its  vasf  .nfl  wmch,  ifpro- 

aDd  prosperity    X^  «^^«^d  in  all  the  ictu^  -^  !  "^  resources, 

fethan  ah V other ftate^F^  ^vaalablein  all  sei'ons  ^^jf .  ^"'  T^  ^*- 

Kof  it  the  best  »n^         ''Spst-hne comprises  39  S?^  country 
U«>us  lakes  a^d  r     "'^^^  fertile  land  of  the  w!  f '^^"^^^ '"^^^s. 

Mnq  bt  Joseph's thp  aiV  7„  J  ^"^^e,  Maskee-on,  Grnnrl   J  ,    *^*» 


^. 


;k'K 


W-j^- 


186. 


nn  thP  Dem^  rivdr?^ount  eieiriens,  on  the  Clinton  river ;  Algonac, 
on  the  ^^H^J,"^;'';  .  Port  Huron,  on  the  river  St.  Clair ;  Saginaw,  oa 

''^'"tcircum^nce  deeply  to  <>?  .'^S'etted  «je  jd  a« 
Th^arethe  oudets  of  the  P^^^^^^^^XVLl^aTd  £ 

FeTkSetlS  dries  of  the  West.    LasUy,  there  is  still  a^ve^j 
lirtiactTmbUe  land  in  various  parts  of  this  chstnct,  in  ^e  hands  of 
'^^goTriirfor  the  most  part 'well  watered  and  weU  Umber^l 
-^Wrh  sooner  or  later  wUl  become  of  immense  value. 

Tnn^veaJs  these  government  lands  have  been  trespassed  on,  by  , 
J^renS  in  the^lumber  trade,  to  a  very  great  extent ;  but  Ae  j 
ScaS  several  vessels,  with  then:,  cargoes,  has,  it  is  to  be  hopd, 

^'^&T.:^T^^^Z^r'^'^^^^  on  in  the  pr.  of  G J 
.aSi^'^rfSon  in  the  slupment  c,"  --;  and  a  |^^^^^ 

Newyortt^ai^d  St.  C^a"",  on  t^^^^^^ 

cutei  to  a  considerable  extent  and  to  ve^  aecm  %„,d      ^ 

largeststeamers  wh^h  na^^^  «*^^;^^,^  „,  ,hese  wateJ 

'"foXdtVri^sitCTSesf.  Clair  flats,  the  greatest  uJ 

iliuf^ty^rmSre^^ 
fs^'s^ft  irSring  a  lofty  and  dense  growth  of  wdd  nce.jiA  j 
ve?v  IStriS  tortuous,  and  difficult  chamiej  wmdmg  over  than,  l| 
SyXes  ^  nirow'that  two  vessek  camiot  pass  them  abreast;  n 
is  it  possible  to  navigate  them  at  night.  .^ 

T&ere  would  be*no  difficulty  whatever,  and  but  a  mort  tn^ 
^oense   as  compaxed  with  the  advantages  which  would  accrue  W 
Sfni'his  Talker,  in  dredyng  out  a  «^aaght  ch^l  of  «^^ 
.     depth  tS  admit  vessels  of  thelargest  draugh^^ 

more  urgently  and  "^aaonab  {  sohc^^fi^m^^^^ 

the  West,  nor  any  more  entirely  ju«mea  oy  evcr^  v.««  ,        ^„ 

'«Sund  economy  an^  poUticali*isdL.or  «^«J«  ;LT  C^'S  cS 
g^nlciilable  *^-"  *»ir  ««.nJna  the  flats, ot  the  St.  Claar.  aiidcartjfj^ 


3onomyanapouucaiwiHuuui.ut  '"";"--~p,  -^  ^^^n 
,ble,  tian  t^^opnu^ 


a  canal  around  the  Sauft  Sie.  Mane;     *«^™in«^ijl^ 
onr^f ect  the  most  splendid  and  longest  9«|n  f  ^1  &F« 
k  the  world,  extending  above  two  th?"««!f,S*.^^^^^^ 
du  Lac  at  the  head  of  Lake  Sujpenor.  N.  latitude  46  ^0 '  vv.  «; 
r^e  mAV.  to  the  mouth  ol  the  ^Lawrence  nver.  m  46°  20'  N. 
itudc,  66°  36'  W.  longitude. 


if    ^       ><IW^Ui^!'« 


'jl''.  "l  «" 


^  Doc.  J36v 


It  is  not,  in  fact  too  mn  h  ^^ 

Above  St.  CJair  river  the  fir.t  •  '°''  ^'^ 

fiom  Lake  H^fonT^^f^J^^^^' netting  up  into  thL  Ln^^^^ 

the  largest  in  aJlThe  WeS  teif^''  f  W^o^  o^'cTetT^^^ 
.those  trading  directiv  tKvI    ^  ^^  ""^^^y  visited  bv  an v^I,  *'^^'  « 

•"ffidi:  areSX  tpCemc/'™,''""™'  S«-  Joseph',  and  N 
..re^/lee«e„,;  S'^a'g^-J.'Wd  ™Por.a£XtS 

-pc-Bie.  .a.  i-rpr£;r,"a^f-:tSdV? 

INen-Lke  cultivation;  aid  frnm  .^^  °1  ^°^^'  «'des  are  in  I^^f 


wsL.  ..I,."  .:■'.   . 


eastward.  a«  the  apricot  for  example,  and  some  of  the  £««*  pluflj 
^WWe  dmost  spontaneously.  The  waters  teem  wiA  fish,  and 
SrTS,drand  wlXwith  gam%  which  have  recenUy  tecome  a. 
the  woop  *^"  ,  eajtem  cities  in  such  enormous  numbers  as  to 
r^en^'th^ttin^ti^  oJ'Se™^^^^^^  call  for  the  attention  oltl« 
SSs  to^the  due  regulation  of  the  trade,  as  regards  time  and  season. 
bSL  not  oidy  theSdest  but  the  largest  town  m  the  State,  occupy- 
ins  a^i^andh^g  situation,  enjoying  5l  the  advantages  which  am 
Sm  r^tfid^siUon,  a  maiiBcent  river,  and  a  harbor  of  unsur- 
SSed  cap^S^Vrity.Xtroit  has  arrived  ^  a^«.d  of  co. 

and  B^cS dt^,  a^^  of  268  miles;  and  the  Pontiac  railro«^ 

Xe  2S  S  to  Pontiac.  There  are  also  about  120  miles  ol  plaj 
S  ruiS  from  the  city  to  several  flourishmg  towns,  m  vanous  neb 
JKi^MS^e  State,  as  Ypsilanti,  Utica,  and  other  thrivmg  places. 
P^^fci^eS  rSu^s  from  Detroit  are  of  the  most  conflict 
diia^t^rTSt  the  foUowing- results  are  believed  to  approximate  » 
S^  to  a  mie  estimate  of  lie  actual  commerce  of  the  port  as  cante 

attained : 

.  ^ •$16,416,37 

Imports,  coastwise, 3,961,43i 

Ea^rts        do • '  ____ 

Total  - -"•     ^^'^'^'®®^ 

4  /".'"  $98,641  I 

Jnports,  foreign •       3^  ( 

Exports     do ______  \ 

„     , 213,57 

Total ,......-..    |_^ 

'    19,691,482 
Add  the  estimated  value  of  the  commerces<>f  the  ojher  ports 
of  the  district-say --;--- Jfi^ 

Total  commerce  of  the  district ..../- fiU9hiS!, 

The  tonnage  of  the  port  of  Detroit  alone  was-i- 

Jncte^.im JM  "    ^^         "    "'" 

The  entrance,  md cleatances from *« <"'"'Jt"'^?T* ^ 
/«Jno  fn  the  usual  deficiency  of  retunu  from  this  regwn. 
Tw47*ho^mJ>  d,e  buSness  of  the  dittrictv,.,  rjpre«nted  » 

V 


■Miij't's: 


i»iiim*t.***-"  • 


•Wy. 


X 


^^^iW  I3fl^ 


hoftt,  in  the  various  ports.  anH  K„*i.      ^  l«i 

the?  ««.parative  vaCT  ^  ^^^  *^^««  ^ome  idea  may  be  fo,^  ^ 


Flaoe  or  port 


]  Detroit 

I  Monroe. .-...' 

J  Trenton! .  ]  .* • 

jBrest. 

ISt  Joseph. I] 

I  Grand  Haven.    


Valaeofexportg        I    -c- , 

^""o-  Value  of  importt 


--^.JFHron 

l8t.()Jair..^ 

■Newport..^ 


■"^ '»■»«■»■( 


*4i  020,559 

817,012 

66,000 

617,666 

220,000 

60,000 

45,000 

18,000 

100,000 
80^000 
20,000 
15,000 

123,200 

5,991,827 
1,000,000 

6,991,827 


Total 

Idd  raifroad  iron. 


Grand  total. 


«3,883,318 
1,139,476 
8,425 
12,000 
838,917 
265,068 
100,738 
58,250 
45,702 
159,400 
59,320 
14,772 
37,820 
168,711 

6,786,957 
6,991«,827 


were  steam  and  18,376  sail. 
^anadtan  trade  in  1851. 

■nports—In  American  vessel,  n„*. 

^  British  ^sS.!'. «35,855      "^t^^T^ 

^^'^85  i6*8ig 


»«=^KXmerican  vessels'... 

In  British  vessels       




Jg^o    -'  e3.08r 


<74,072 
40,960 

116,039 


A&^ 


tn^mmimim* 


jjj  H.  Doc.   13». 

.  213.672 

Tonnage. 

389  tons. 
Iftward— American,  2  steamers ., 

9saal _J 1^923 

49  081     " 
British,  294  steamers *«.^°J    „ 

essail ^""^  56,381 

68,304 

Total  tonnage — — - 

Outward-American,  14  steamers --    ^^^"^T 

1' ^^ " 3,764 

British,      316  steamers. 61.727    « 

67sad Jff^         57^3 

r 

.....    69,027 
Totaltonnage := 


hiforU  codituw  m 


^i^):^u 


^'  i>oe.  lai 

^**^  ""^'^  ^<'  '^P<^  o/Detroudurin. 

value.  ^ 


/^ 


year 


19t 


Barle} 
Marble. 


Merchandise 
Coal....... 

Kg  iron .... 

Hi^  wines  . 

[Hogs 

IWool 

ey 
bie 

[Fish ; 

jFlour 

jWater-lime'i,. 

jStarch 

jPowder 

|\<^lu8key 


-.tons. 

...do 

■  -.do , 

-barrels 

-  number . 

.-bales.. 

.bushels. 


[-ard.. 

^ut  stone 

Juilding  stone 


...pairs. 
-  .barrels. 
— do . . 
.-•do .. 
..boxes, 
.barrels 
...do.. 
..do.. 


feet 

cords, 

boxes 

-.thousand., 
.thousand  Ceet] 
..number.. 


Juit  trees.... 
laster ' 

1^0..  (crude). 


reams  . . 

.  .number.. . 
do 

.-bushels... 

..bundles .. 

...barrels...! 


tons. . . 

hogsheads 

pounds... 

bars  and  bundles 
barrels. 

do. . 

rolls.. 

barrels. 

pounds. 

cords. 


pipg, 


Bdi 


iron 


•  barrels., 
-.bars.... 


.pounds , 
•  barrels. . 


A,' 


1,100 

8,340 

18,700 

10,000 

100 


^14,600,000 
160,63a 
28,000 
8,600 
1,320 
4,060 
848 
8,310 
20,694 
6,938 
»,117 
260 
14,840 
8,40a 
40,207 
16,682 
800 
4,210 
10,022 
6,620 
11,900 
9,480 
3,66;^ 
2,393 
2,282 
2,460 
18,000 
7,900 
6,700 
36,000 
36,400 
121,620 
6,046 
16,000 
22,000 
9,300 
284 
-%70» 
78,200 
2,200 
08,074 
2,600 
700 
800 


p  '-.'>  >::\ 

i  ♦  ■*  K— 

\  '  L'  •  *  '   •"  *«*. 

■  ;{^  •'i""'  ■  N 

'•       "^  I   * '         -'ill 
.  •     ,.:.<■  ■'  >    ■' 


\ 


AS  ii^W».«,v„_*  a»i 


■Sp^,r -I'l-j^f;!,  f  y 


■■.-%:■■ -j'.i'l'jTa 


JuiportowKo 


J,  rt*j»rt  ^  Ifcm-i,  *»^  rte  >«"■  1861--C<»«m»ed. 


Articles. 


Quantity. 


Value. 


*^  XT  *      ^'  '  -bags ^ 

£op« ....hogsheads. 

?t^'*';.v.V-V-V.v. '.  •  -  -  -  -  -  ■^^^''' '  •  - 

Crude  potash - VbuS'- '- ' 

^ '.:. .number. 

ir'!; V thousand. 

Wagons .gallons. 

Stoneware » 


Total. 


1,140 

61 

610 

211  I 

4,600 

,  3,300 

240 

43 

68,480 


$14,592 

6,100 

.     12,200 

-     12,661 

■  1,800 

33,000 1 

210 

4,300 1 

•     5,8 


16,416,371 


Exports  coastwise 


from' the  port  of  Detroit  during  the  year  1851,  rn(A  «i«r 
estimated  value. 


Aiticlea. 


Quantity. 


Valoe. 


_,   '  barrels.. 

ij*^f .'."."...bales... 

y°?^ ....barrels... 

l"^^ bales.... 

*™? !.'.'!'.'*..'* halfbarrels, 

J,"i„* * "*'  number  .- 

S?f ""** bushel^. 

SS :::;;:::. barrel.. 

^^ ....pounds. 

Hams i~« 

Leather .- ^''^l'" 

«_„„  tons. . . 

Bags -c       , 

Sakeratus ^^^- ' 

Coal,  - ^^'•-■ 


'Nail8...^^rrr: 


Hay 

Sheep..... 
Tkt  iron  . . . 

Cranberries 


■&^-^ 


.bundles, 
.number. 
..tons... 
..barrels. 
...do.... 


460,325 
30,717 
897,719 
12,944 
8,446 
2,977. 
1,704 
420 
4,160 
1,484 
48,546 
568 
248 
8^000 
529 
61 
61 
960 
34 


245,71 

618,« 

25,8i 

21,11 

17S,« 

20,1 

42,01 

12,<l 

2,8( 

12,t 


1,231 
413 
343 
136 

1,479 


if.  ■^'.  aI'.,..*i  ,  ,-U^4-SM:i^'^ 


* 

/ 

„■■■ 

■  ^.^ 

» 

• 

1 

# 

\  -■'   ■ 

*^*l.»4\ 

'ITS  ' 


H.  Doc,  lae. 

Exportijrom  theport  of  Detrain  during  the 


1^ 

y«ar  ISSl^Continued. 


Water-lime ,        , 

Com.., ---.barrelg. 

Coni-meaJ -bushels  . 

>fitiv«s barrels.. 

Ashes :; ;•■ -thousand. 

High  wines ^T^- 

« ■■ :-^\' 

|4Shinglebolls....    barrels.. 

Salt: u^'^'^f-- 

Potatoes V    u  1^^-- 

,  Whiskey bushels.. 

I  Beans  ...^, ... .  .V.V.'.'.V.'.V.V      d^       " 

lierch^dis'e '.".". ' "T''^^ 

Ale....  "'^ packaees 

Jfirick        barrels. 

kJlover'seedV.V  "■""""• thousand 

iMalt. :""• uA^-' 

jgf  ■  ■  ■ bushels 

ICattle.."".'."';'"' u°"^-- 

iButter " head... 

lones.....      u  ^?--- 

^J^  ■""":••--- head. 

FashWdV .'.';"""""""" T^^ 

^ce _■ °02en 

pplea. '^^^\ 

.'■ barrels. 


170 
378,070 
1,667 
10,866 
2,207 
2,783 
7,336 
693 
281 
8,618 
1,369 
•   179 
2,375 
12,090 
70 
893 
129 
160 
277 
266 
1,106 
85 
136 
60 
1,610 
136 
4,888 


$170 
151,228 
4,989 
217,180 
^5,175 
27,830 
113,996 
4,851 
281 
1,065 
10,872 
358 
23,750 
453,300 
420 
1,179 
2,580 
172 
110,800 
7,680 
13,212 
5,100 
405 
300 
7,550 
1,350 
4,888 


^ 


VAiAlj. 


1811b 


mis 


8S 

0t  M* 


-.j.m 


ftO* 


.  T  Tf  ^  • 


O) 


O) 


milk 


tan 


;? 


802 


H.  Doc.   136. 

No.  15.— Dl^WCT  OF  MlCHlilMACKlNAO.    , 


Port  of  entry,  Mackinaw;  latitude  45°  51',  longitude  840  35';  popu- 

^This^wS  fj  themost  rn^y  «£^^,llf iStf  r^Am: Hot 
Jt  eitensive  of  them  ^l^.^^^Xr^gaTfr^^^  She£>ygan,  Wi. 
coast  on  the  western  shore  ^^  ^^f^^f^^^^^^ 

consin,  43°  41'  north  latitude,  88  ^^  ^^  J^'^^i^ebago,  with  all  its  ports 
Manitowoc,  Two  Rivers,  GreenBay>  Lake  Winn      g  ^  ^^^^^^ 

in  Wisconsin-embraces  Ljttle  Bay  W^^^^^ 

Manitou^  and  Beaver  islands;  the  c^^^^^^^^  ^^^  ^^^^^  ^^^^^ 

St.  M^'s  river  to^^f^^  ^^S  bthe  StTte  of  Michigaxv^ 
Lake  Superior  to  Mo"*'Jf^J^]r__sin  shore  to  the  western  extrefni^Sf 
continues  thence  ^long  the  Wisconsin  shore  ^^^^^^^^    „^^^,y 

the  Me  at  Fond  du  Lac;  ^l^^^^./pP'  Charlotte,  on  the  ividing line- 
shore  of  the  Minnesota  Territory  ^«  f  ^^^^^X^^^^  The  entire 
between  the  Umted  States  .^  ^he  Britian  p                  Rowing  the 
length  of  this  coast-lme  ^«"f  f^^^^^^,TXt?d  s  tuation  of  many  portiooa  I 
^SS^^^SiSlr^^S^^-  obtai^  or  satis.ct^ 

'%;:;ou.trybordermgui.ritl.^l^^ 

was  partially  explored,  ^^  even  inapped,^^^^^_^^^^^^ 

more  thaBtwocenturies  ago  bvtheFren^^^^         ^^  ^^^  mighty  wJ 

discoverers  and  civilizers,  ^^^  P^^XtS^Tmore  or  less  frequently 
and  from  that  period  it  ^^^^^T  ^^£L^^  until  the  pr. 

visited  by  missionaries,  waders,  trap^js  .^^  ^^  M 

sent  day,  when  a  «f  f  "^^^^^^^If  p?^^^^^     and  successful  develc* 
be  fairly  estabUshed,  together  ^^th  a  praci^       productive  lands,  tfc 

ment  of  its  resources,  by  t^^/^r^^TiStioS  of  its  forests  anddj 
prosecutionof  Its  fisheries,  and  the  e^^^^^  ^^^  ^^^  ^^^  y,A 

Sxines.    Notwithstaiiding  all  ta  *ere  is  ^u      g  ^^  ^^^  ^ 

that  the  influence  which  it  is  ^f  ^^^^y  ^  ^^^^^^       appreciated  by  afe 
mercial  affairs  of  this  conune^,^^^^^^^^^^^  ^^^  people. 

far-reaching  mmds,  is  htie  toreseen  or 

^The  grounds  existing  for  this  -nfi^^J  ^f^^^^^^ 
in  the  following  pepuhar,  and  m  some  degree  singm    , 

"1^  the  unequaued  ^^^^:^''t^i':::t:o^^s^ 

afforded  by  its  numerous  l^f'' ^SL^Ls J^li)*  &.  Lama 
theirartifi^irnprovemen^,ithasre^^^^^  ^^^^  ^f ,, 

and  Missbsippi,  from  which,  t>y  the  vmious 

and  railroad:  It  has  easy  *5°T  tr^S^  rfromX  Balize  tUe  i 

market  along  the  vast  aeaboard  stretchmg  from  tne  a^ 

oFB^eisle.  ^"^ 


*.   'j*i4'>^ ^*li A-k !tBfe'm''wi4£j;A'    t^>-' 


*  l>oc.  13«.  1^ 

««fer  the  stimulus  of  deS  tSwV^'''^"."""'  ''^"--ccs,  which 

■.ie.ciafp:3"t^tdi^'S^St''°'«»*^^^^^ 
Every  succeeduirr  year  frpA      J?     ^  government  itself        ^^^*^ 

jWlbentpoints-^alfij;:;;^^^^^^^  intrLtence  at 

Lght-houses,  and  piers/and  othl  St%^^  ^""^  '^^  construct^,  of 
imperauvely  demanded  by  the  rpnlr  '  ^^'  navigation;  and  Xnf 
aixmtaneously-notiia-ced  jnf.  ]T  T"'^"'^"^«  «f  a  commerrp  1-^   — 

uWion-with  a  raSv  «nS^  ?  ^5-  ''^^  '"^"7  fictitious  sti3anf!  ^  "^^^ 
.erciaIhisto^ofte^i«^-^-ssh4er^ 

At  tile  soutiiern  RytrAmif     ^  i  • 
foe  miles  north  from  rITJ!^      '™  *''''«  is  Manitowo.-  -l^  i  .u- 

wJM,  it  startis,  a  popuSo  f 'oo^^l^JT;  ■-'"'t-K  thaP^'Jiit 
i<x  l«39,  as  recrards  exnnrto    „i*l      f  ^  •xceedinff  that  of^li,'^o 
U™*lm.ginferio?Xi,^gKe1lT''  ""=-''»P»'£  are  ^^T 

TlKmportsco,sistofmerchSr^''^;''2*"''l"eof...  ,77,29 

I    '^  batter,  lard.  &^ t  iTetSue  „f' '  """•  P"*'  ••«";  ^ 

]tr  ,  .                  '                                 •--  106,721 

Makmg  a  total  of. _ 

Enhances.  788;  tohnage,  227,940  :^^^S^ 

\ ecu  ^PFopriations'for  I^ht-houses  and 

K  wUever  the  land  shaU  be  SeS  it      '^^^^''  ^h^«'  fu™c!!  - 

N.  aD«a.als,  and  other  agricultuSrtj    ^"^^T  ^^"  ««n«i«t  of  ^^ 

H  or  Vl^sconsin  ««nera^  TlK^^^  ^ '«  fi«™shed  bf  Ae 

KAese  two  ports  may  be  expecJed  ^ ^    ^^"^  y^"'  ^^^  commerce 

^""•ig,  from  exporters  of  CbS  ^d^    '^  *"  ^"^^  revolutic^^ 

^t^5?««"j>(  tihe  produirof  thTsoT?i^7-  "^  agricultural  ^p. 

Sb^  «»d  luxuri^  ""^  *'*^'  ^d  miporters  of  assortid 

^?.L^"^^  Wtet.^  ^^^ed^to  ae  pe„U.^,a  e.,  ^ 


1                •          •  'If       ■  I    ^ 

-  i     •  B        14 

f '  -     '•■''  It' 

'  '  ■-     r  '  V  ^  ^  fir 

r '  •  ■ '    '' '  f  i 


n^ 


JQ4  ""      H.  Doc.   IM. 

ft^ing  ,0  Aese  point,  o»  4e  Aorc,  «U1  keep  »p.  for  .11  rime,  -m  «ti« 
'"*TrrrtT?^o"^v'e«ht:«erbefore  repent  i« jmmerce  fuU,, 
bu^AeSowing  resulu  .how  «,  excellent  commencement.    ^^^^^^ 

Ipiports  in  1861 i . .  -  -  ■  - 1 " ' 112,763 

Exports  in  1861 t * '  j      '  _i — . 

L^!  ,  ' 227,763 

•      Total - — —-- 

Of  the  imports  there  wfte  for  local  purposes.'. .-•       «42,585 

Ditto  for  home  consumption ^  ■  •  •  

Total..-:..: Jl^ 

In  1847,  the  imports  at  this  ^^t  were  vaW^^^^  $63,747 
Of  the  exports  there  were-Products  of  the  forest. . . .  -  -  - .      ♦^^.^^ 
>  .  v  isneries.  ..,.----•- 

Domestic  mantifactures o.*»t 

A  "'         .  '       112,763 1 

EniaSes.822  steam!  192  sail;  making  a'totalot  1,014  arrivak 

L"u^;Sr:LS^rre^S^  olthe  sa^ena. 

and  tibe  outlet  0f  the  fox  nver.  ^^^^  ^^^^  ^A 

This  port,  mdeed,  >ids  i«^-^°  J  ^r  V™1  Vhich  haa  its  origin  ontk 
•  that  most  important  breach  of  the  1«^^^^^%^^^^^^^    ^,  the  Fox  rivJ 
'    borders  of  the  lupper  Mississypu     The  wor^^^^^^ 

^?ectrrxt3=»^S^^^^^ 

t7''"Frr^J^t:«'-a„n^i;.e.*eMi..^^^^^ 

'*"S"ierta?i'^urXhliXTn  opene4«,nec.i,f 
lak^^^Sh  Ae^is'S^pi,  navjgble  by  steam  power ,  a^* 
priS  result  .,f  its  operatio/JTay  be,  «  yet  m  the  bosom  dt 

fS  Crawford  is  situated  487  miles  above  St  Louis,  m^ 

^Sst:^^L^:^XttiirrSwi.oas.^; 

S20mi£*^u^hri.e  richest  /alley  of  Wisconsin;  by  "■.»  ro«t| 
CVeTaS  uuinterrupted  steam  comm«mcatm  ftom  B. 

,'-/»•  ■   ... 


4*,  Doc.  186, 


f. -?'W«  •.'4''' 


nicadon  bIwS  Z:^  j;'>en  at  once  aJe^f aST"  ""'  ^^^^  '  IJ^^'  r  •^'-    mJ  ?'": 

and  the  Minnesota  Tp^'.         ""'^  ^^^  °ew  Sta^f n?  w-^'""^*"*  ^«"^niu-  '    f*^-  1-  K''   t>-    'ff^  if 

•on  the  Missi4;t2S^y'  rendering  any  of  the  aboTlT" "".'  ^°^«» 
iteelf.  This  is  a^fua  whil  ^''''^''  ^^  W«*"  the  lake,  ^^""1^  ?°^t« 
will  therefore  brinrthr^nM  •''?"***  ''^  overlooked  bv       ^^  ^^-  ^0"« 

municatfon  alsibr  ni  the  ^  ?  ^'-  ""  ^^"^^ant  day  IW  r  ^^Z''"^^^^ 
miles  to  the  lakes.  tStif^  ""^^^  «^  Galen^^neaier  tv"' .  ^  ?'^- 
wealth  of  the  upper  M.•,^•^^  ■^.''"'''  ^^  to  it  ultima^fj   iT  u  ^V"**^^ 

.transmission  of  heavvT'-^  ^  become  tribufarv— .Vino  'l"^^"nt  and 
direct,  and  thereC^o^^'^^'"  «nd  produce  thisl^ThTr  •"'^  ^  ^^^  ^^^ 
eraprtion  of  tMsLt  T''^'  '^"^  cheapest  chLeT  T''  "^^  "^««t 
rea^  sprun;?  uTsev-  ,  P"*' •         ^^^^e^o^"  Wk^^nJ-    ^N  ^^e  east- 

,  .     ""^^^"^'^^^^^-^aversingth^^fuXrSll^ 

Green  Bay,  which  h«o  f  '  "X  w  all  direc- 

-f- --  t2,000,000 

:  Total ■■■" *•'""'••*" 


«,» 


'k      t 


•*     - 


1  't 


.f 


^'  ^"»  «e  shores  of  Winnebago, 


■I  *,  »ii'  .r-,  I  .     ;.  ■       ■'   '       V  6*111. 


-I*  ■■.. 


.;l^^^- 

;  > 


■HI 


'«i.  -»*    a  ^  -*  v»  -i    (.  ^ 


1»K^ 


H.  Doci  iSm 


Gr^tt  Bay,  and ihe  lake  coast,  from  the  straits  of  Mackinaw  to  ManK 
''^^.^:^X^:J^'tt^o^  from  the  northward  the^nver. 

"Tl^S^cZlolt^^^^^  several  saw-miUs  for  the  cuttmg  of 
Sof^KSn^&tfS^^^ 

^'  I^  a  vl  ioS  o?wS,  and  occasionaUy  spreading  to  a  width 
S^GOneet  it  cZther^^^^^  «^^de  available  to.  any  ^xtent  ft. 
t^U^^^rX^^  its  navigation  will  be,  m  all  tames,  limrted  t. 

''Thr'fower  course  of  the  Menomonee,  toward  its  mouth,  is  bordered 
bv  tmcts  d-heavily  timbered  pine-lands,  Ae  nroduce  of  which  is  now 
ISS^^  into  briskldemoiid  in  ^be  neighboring  Wma^^^ 
^  Below  the  Menomonee,  to  the  northeast,  the  White  Fish,  Escanate, 
„«?Fnrt  rivers  discharge  their  waters  into  the  Little  Bay  de  Nomut 
Ther-""  '^^^^  their  skirj  by  extensive  pme  forests.^ 

which  much  lumber  is  annually  ma^n^actured.         ^  1 

The  Monistique  fells  mto  Efizabeth  bay,  ^f  ,  ^^M^dLi^ 
principal  business  carried  on  upon  the  ^«la5<l«  ^^  ^ake  ^^>l 
longing  to  this  district,  is  fishitg  and  '^'^'^^^]^^L^^l.\ 
3ers  frequently  stonpmg  at  them  ^^^^^^^^^^2^ 
fc»w    frtr  t>ip  latter  of  which  grecenes,  firuit,  &c,<"are  given  m  oirw 

a^id^es  principaUy  b/  ,l»,i^l»yment»,  and  the  cult.v««.J| 

Se  SSSifs"^  co;>cemed,  they  aie  in  nowMe  superior  t»l 

■"^ffcttdf'Kluaiu  of  Mackh»c  which  conn^L. 

;^Za  Michigit,  is  aa  old  niisslon.^  "S^ISS^h  ji"»  S 
first  established  above  two  untunes  w>  by  Ae  Fr^ch  J^|^»;  J? 
admirable  forecast  and  pobtical  wirfom  wbch  thCT  ^"J"  " 
section  of  aU  their  postsT    It  is,  in  feet,  as  to  natural  military  s^ 
A^SSai  of  the  tes,  and  nnght  ««ilT  be  rendered  alj^t  ™ 

Z^  The  present  fort,  however,  &^]^^'  "»?Z  J^ 
fa^od  for  hafi-  an  hour,  being  connnanded  by  an  AmM  <m-^ 
'■  ^within  hrif  a  mile  in  it.  rear,  fi^m  which,  m  efeot.^t  tteo 


S  mm,  drainred  up  the  reverse  during  the  nighti  by  a  h»B«»l 

Sr»d  bS,  L.  bein.  unable  to  oaer  «.y  re«st««e, «.! 

duced  to  an  immediate  surrender.  A-,-,:.,onTl'itf( 

It  waa  for  a  long  time  an  important  depot  of  the  American  Fur 


# 


,    *t»-  «*!•" 


^i^  Dob.   136. 


my,  and  «  stiJl  maintained  as  a  miv  ^'^ 

bemgfish  and  furs,  the  w!  k  °"^'^^'aWe  trX  f|?it  •        ' , 
,  aod  trinkets  for  tie  lS/^^"°^^«  cIotSTh^'^^'^^^e; 

I  Its  Canaan  nnports  for  185?^^^'^  ^«  at  hand  for  1851. 

^mo    ::::;;-• : $3,967 

■'•     3,261 


Increase  on  1851. 


I  Dudes  collected  in  1851 
^   Do  do       1850 if 


.•^'. . 


icrease  on  1851 


oault  StcMarieissiVno*  J        ^  ^^ 

'Perior.  at  about  ?20  mH  ?  ^"  ^^  ^^^^'s  river  f h«       ,      "'^^ 

J»it8, and  at  the  fco* M'iu  P^^^santly  situated  on  »k  ^®**^'t»  aad 
^e  about  tlie^utt:  3*0^  ^'^P^^?/  ^ W t  nat'  ""?£  '^^^  °^^ 
-ake  Superior,  ^ri  fell    /  J^^  W.  at  St'onH'^  '^''^ 

»«S«»  flowing  first  afew^L?"^^™''  to  Huron  aS,.,*  ^^^  "^^  St* 

JflowingaVdelV^rr'*^'*^^««*ri^^  in 

oocuwes  the  Iin#.  «f^      ?®^'  °^  south.    " Thr^Ti. "^"""g  abruptlv 

«inflaencedbv«s^J?    •  ?*^"'  ^^^  phyatTrXf^^  ^^^"^  ^^ 

[Ottras'Ten?^  ^' -ti^r  artgiir ^^^ 

I  Joseph's,  whirh  ipiZ  •    .  ^^y  commercial  ,mi!f?^  thousand. 
P «» nule, with alM «??  *°  *»'««»  to  be  i»^      J P°"«- 


H.  Hoc  136. 


^^^^pj^:  Tf^s^^^'^Pi^:^'i^TJS^'^ '! ' 


11^ 


2m 

Pvervthinff  required  for  the  facilitation  of  the  vaBt,  numerous  and  wealthy 

TorS  fopper  mines  of  Superior,  including  machmery  of  enormous 

"It  nnrf  Jnnolies  and  forage  for  the  men  and  live-stock  employed- 

r&rnWtrC^^^^^^^^  of  native  copper  and  heavy  ore  r. 

tomSc  dowi  this  route-^must  all  be  transported  overland  at  extraori- 

S^  difficulty  and  expense.    Even  large  vessels,  several  in  number 

SaCare  ttanspor^ed  over  this  portage  by  means  of  ways  and  hors^ 

'  Xer  r  n^  is  it  in  the  list  extravagant  to  ^Say,  that  the  aggregate 

"  ^^un  of  money  thus  minecessarily  expended  year  after  year,  witfiou, 

Tv  permanent  result,  would,  if  cofiected  for  a  few  seasons,  defray^not 

o^fvCnterest,  but  the  prime  cost  of  this  most  necessary  work. 

''^toXve  b^^^^  male,  and  will  doubtless  be  renewed     says  the 

reoort  of  Messrs.  Foster  and  Whitney  on  the  copper  regions  olLake 

S.Fn^ior  "to  induce  the  govermnent  to  construct  a  canal  around  these 

fSr^d  bus  connect  tie  commerce  of  Lake  Supenor.with  those  o 

Se  bwS^kkes.    The  mere  construction  of  locks  is  not,  however  all  I  at 

Is  required   It  wiU  be  necessary  to  extend  a  pier  »nto  the  river  above  the 

iapX  to  protect  the  work  an^  insure  an  entrance  to  the  locks.    Ths 

SSwiU  be  exposed  to  heavy  currents,  and  at  times  to  arge  accumula. 

£Tfice,anamustbe  constructed  of  thefirmest  materials  and  strongly 

^'Materials  of  the  best  quality  can  be  easily  obtained,  as  the  report  I 
eoes  to  show,  from  Scovill's  Point,  on  the  Isle  Royale.  or  the  H«r« 
Eds.  for  the  completion  of  the  works  which  woJd  not,  it  is  beheve^ 
at  any  rate  exceed  half  a  miUion  of  doUars.  i__„,i,- i,  j,.« 

The  effect  of  the  removal  of  this  untoward  obstacle-which  deten 
^Jnrae    useful.  and  healthy  population  from  settling  in  this  region- 
L^f  ArSeral  Cds  outV  the  market,  and  in  a  very  great  r^\ 
^TdebLX Influx  of  mineral  wealth,  which  could  not  be  othenm 
Xt  out-would  be  to  give  a  general  stimulus  to  trade,  and  an  mM 
of  ^r  activity  and  spirit  to  tlie  whole  movement  of  the  country,  y^ 
ip^ncvZse  to  L  national  wealth,  entirely  beyond  the  reach. 

It'tXtherefore,  undoubtedly  a  wise  and  prudent  policy,  fou 
on  the  ex^rience  of  all  ages,  and  in  nowise  sayonng  of  rash  or^^ 
Liye  legi^on.  to  disburse  the  smaU  comparative  ^l^ountnecemji 
<mce  tolendep  tlris  vast  addition  to  the  naUonal  wealth,  commerce,  ^ 

marine,  available.  ,  ..  a.-*«,._ini 

It  is  clearly  impossible  that  young  and  necesswily  poor  Stotes^ 
tiew  States  liavSTbly  must  be,  until  their  lands  are  renderedcap^ 
XEngT^nd theirWsreadyfor exploitation-can  cons^^^ 
woVks  at  their  own  exMnse ;  and  they  must  necessardy  he  ra«ed  I 
S  from  government,  3  be  left  midone.  from  want  of  aid,  to  the  g« 

detriment  of  the  community.  ,      •   ♦i.-*w  5n  rn«fl  nothinel 

Another  though  inferior  consideraUon  is  this-^hat  in  case  nrtMgl 
■.dom:  by  the  UnSed  StPtp«  government,  a  canal  will  ""/^"^^y/i 
«ven  vSth  the  disadvantage  of  a  tenfold  «pense,  t^^^ 
igneous  rocks  on  tiie  BiSh  shore,  by  the  Canadian governmeDt,w 
^ver  lacks  energy  or  enterprise  :jhen  ^hrels  of  00^3 
vantage  are  to  be  opened  or  secured  to  itself!    Apd  the  result « 


.  <fi,>,jt 


Vtvi^-"; 


^    Be  business  o??he  LarT""  °"  ^^^  AmericrsW  ^''^  "^"^^^  ™«^ 
foBows.  for  the  articles  wt-^?"P""°^  ^^"ntry  for^c'^^        . 
,    Imports,  lOO.OcS  b?rr  ?  l^  ,?°«««d  the  portage  Ifl  'I  ^^^^mated  a* 

»w.=  "■''^P'^'fo^'h^^-ne  season,  „ea,, 

Wta  of  copper,  MS350 

Fi^^S%"r:f:-»--"-"-V":.v.v;:::;:: 


. . .'. ^ $630,009- 

; 25,^00 

,  The  imports  are  about  40  rtnn  u  ^'?®* 

tception  of  one  m?L    "^^[^^e  of  500  mies  iH  K       *'^^«Portation 

kui^ndoubtT^^Sic^^^^^^^  ^p-T  «^ '%  iraf r*^  ^ 

M  Ai  six  veis  tb^n  .    ?  ''''"*  ^y  two-thir5s  S?M  !u  ^'"'^  P^^t 
[Above  the  Sault  is  the  wh  I  ''''^'  ""^ 

PbelaJceirssa  miles-  ""^""^^^^^^^s  and  merchant. 

h  ^^  is  1^0  mile?  S.7T  ^'^«dth  from  Gmnd  ?«]  ''^^  ^^."  « 

hand  richnessTwTich  infiT/  ^"^^^^°"«  fresh^Sr  fi^  S^^ 
N.W  that  they  will  alw« to    «ifinitely  exceed  those  T!l'?' *^ 

fer  c.„««,  o4i,p,^^^^'^<^™''  """-^  "f  "-em  navigable' 


^  H.  Do*.  18* 

•  •  •♦«  »r  onmp  o^  the  most  valuable  nunes, 

bors,  in^the  inun^t|  -^^agf  isTw  feve 'el.  felt 

where  the  ^?^^f,^fJ^^Sis  already  a  place  of  some  grooving 
The  niouth.of  ^e  Ontona^n  ^s  y  .^^^^      j^^^^  ^  ^  g^ 

ijusiness,  as  is  La  Point^^at  me    ^  ^^  commerce  tor 

harbor.    I^le  ^^^  ^?PP*' ^X^'^ZenTof  Siineral  W^^^ 
te  importation  of  supphes  and  ^e  shipn^nt  «J^j^     r  ^^ere  there 
StheW  of  KeweenaMT  bay,  M^que^  y  ^    ^^,,,   ^ 

is  a  good  harbor,  are  ^  pl^,es  J^^F^IJ^^  S  Ste.liarie  to  the 
woufd  seem  that  the  whole  1^^^?^*' ^'^^e.  and  it  is  scarcely  possibk 
HeRoyale,isrich  "f^^'^^^hiS^JfS  expected,  when  the  present 
to  conceive  the  results  Jj"^*^  "^^y  ^  their  highest  standard  of  pro 
nunes  shall  >ave  been  d-ebp^d^t^^^^^^  ^g^  ^^  ^^^  ^^^^^^^ 
ductiveness,  and  others,  as  u    i 

and  prepared  for  ^^P^^^^^^^^^^  four  propellers,  and  a  considerable 

,       T We  are  at  F^^^^^^.^/.'^^nU  of  which  W  been  dragged  over- 
number  of  smaller  s^^^^ng  J;'f  "'/.Ue  i)orta«e,  in  constat  employment 
land,  by  man  and  horse  «^ ^  the  Por^^  ^^  ^^^ 
carrymg  up  supphes  «"d  bmgmg  oacK^  ^^^  ^^.^^  ^^^^^^ 

th^a^cfeshavene^essan^^^^^^  drawbacks,  tk 

isthmus;  and  yet,  under  «^  •_     •         rphis  consideration  oidy  issuf 
-traffic  is  F«fi{?f.!"i^J^^r^^^^ 
ficient  to  establish  the  P°!.^^^J^J^^iu-pr^^^        ship  canaL 
the  construcuon  oi  an  adequate  ^w    J  ^^^^  wellK:oncert«l 

Indeed  it  may  be  «f ^^^^^L T^  '  ^^^^  inprovements,  areonly 

system  4>f  V^^^<^  T'^'  TSitri^  aTthis  district  not  the  leas^ 
Wanted  to  ren^r  ^^f ^^^^.^^t^^ras  A^^  are  now  the  most  bea. 
the  most  valuable  and  °aost  impor^  ,  j 

X  and  most.interesting  pomon  oMhj  Um^^^^^^^^ 

The  enroUed  tonnage  for  the  Macfanac<^^^^^^  ^^  b^ 

ficial  reports  pi  J^^^f'^^i^ie^^ere  several  steamers  and  propena. 
is  evidenUy  maccurate,  ^  thereje^^^  ^^  ^^^^  ^^  ^^  ^ 

f^'i:l^l  rrintre^SJJSron  the  waters  of  t.r.n  ba,L.^ 

«ri  reports  made  from  "jf  °^Xre^X  it.  as  they  do,  impossM 
too  muSh  deprecated  o'^^eplor^f^^^^^^^^  su^ienUy  e^pW 

rwarXfficiXiSS:'t:  S  perfect  understand^g  of  a  . 
j^tronce  so  intricate  and  so  miportant.  . 

.  .  Canada  trade  in  186^4 


s 

ll 


^  '                          ...  «3,967 
Imports 


Duty  collected . 


No.  16.— DisTiiicT  or  Milwaukib. 


tode^^ 


..,/ 


4^^uS4»        t.W  J«j&Ij>. 


'Ai 


K  Doci  136.  M 

Ibat  have  been  made  of  .Vol  1  iHt  -. -?  i  •  ir 

comvBxison.  ^^  ""^ '^  ^^  commerce,  giye  linu  '      '  "^'      'f'''' 

Tie  coast  extends  frnm  qu  u  opportuniiy  fi^  -;   :'/.  •!»       -  ;|j* 

northern  line  ofAe^S ""  ^fe^^^Jg^,  WiscoMm  u  •  '  -  t  ^  V     # 

or  Southport,  Iticht  ^Tii?i  Sheboygan.  pZ  W«i»?^"^  *  ^"odred 

the  State^W^onsi^on  ^^^^'^^^    These  pi^^*^?'  Kenosha, 

boygan  is  inunediateJviS?  '"^^l*^™  «h«re  of &^.  «.^  'f^^^  in 

situation  for  busW  Z  T^>^  Strict  of  M^t;^''''^?^-    Sh^ 

TheStatelecisCt  ,1  """"^^  t^e  harbor  need«  »       ^^i'  ^asagood 

There  is  an  fSEt  f^^ ^*^^"^  ^  ^^^  for  tSs  ^ "  ^'"P/^^^"^ 

■  soil  of  which  orfiZih^Z^  "^""^^  the  rSr%'!^^«^«'«00. 

gnun;  in  the  last  two  ve£^"^^"  ^°°d  returns  ^f  tbl  ^'^^^S^'  Ae 

a  total  failure.  °  ^^^''  however,  the  wheat  cronhn?  ''"^V  ^^ 

The  imports  of  this  port  for  1851  ^        ^"  "^^* 

Exports  do     Hl^^^^f^^y^ere 

Total -.  121,705 

Entrances,  730.  •••__M26j666 

If  tlusponneSi^jf  4";^.  grazing,  «^d  woSF.|^"S%"3iacent 
^ofPort  Was4^J?oS.';  "^^^ 

r^   .       **    .    do     .".'.■;; ••-.  $904,400 

Total .._  139,450 

ffport,  the  name  of  which  hJ,' ' 'wi?^J^» 

/M  increasing  very  rajiiSl^  ;      **  ^^  '"  consequencTth/  kI  ,  "**"™ 
export  thpir  r  JiT^  j^"|y  "^  population  anH  VkT       •  ?  °'"*  coun- 

^y«.how  the  imn^^t.  ^.  ....  ^    ,  ^  °^^  *^ 


r^'X  ^^«»P^*^ta  for  1851  tp  have  been 

do         exportaforl851  ^"•••-  ^1.306.85e 

|W      "  fiW,S«8 

nces,  856. 

1    '     *  ,  4.  ' 


••*t»£i  .  .»' 


■'>y 


-ni;*! 


Ota     /  ^      ^kcm. 

,         -*!,  A.«^  KMiosha,  on  a  beautiful  stream  of 

Racine  Ues  ten  mites  ««^^  fr^^rS';e^pects  exceUent  except 

the  s^e  name,  which  forms  a  ^^^^^  ^/^^  f^s  mouth.    The  popu- 

lation  of  Racine  m  1840  was  ^bout  1,0     ^  j^^^^  p,o^ect  from  its 

principal  business,  however  «^«^;  °^  feighl-and  is,  wihout  doutt, 
Suth,  as  at  Kenosha.  The  c^ty  is  on  a^  g^^  ^lev  lanJ.  The  ba.k 
the  most  ^beautiM  site  for  a  lake  mty,  ^^^  ^  ^^^^^^  ^  ^^^  ^^^j^^ 
country,  depending  on  ibe  city  lor  su^  .^^^ 

to  Aat  Already  described  m  other  parts  ot  tne     ^^ $1,473,125 

Its  imports  for  1861,  were •.'.".'".*.  M  .* -  -     1^.034,590 

Exportsfor        do,  •- ~~r7ZZl 

^  2,607,715 

Total-..- Y ^ -         '~~ 

Entrances,  iM^r       ,,      .^  „„ ,1  ^jrincipal  port  in  the  district,  is  sit- 

Milwaukie,  the  port  ot  entijr  a"^J"'*7  ^^^  harbor  for  vessels  and 

^aSd  on  Milwaukj^  X^"t Tt  nSrsonfrimprovement.  to.  make  it 

i^pamers  of  bght  «l^aught,  ^but  it  neeas  ^Milwaukie  is  in  one 

^y  of  access  to  ^^8^^'^^'  JZrek  a  sort  of  bay.  or  bayou  ru,. 
SSnrb:SadX'K^lniakinga^  shelter  agamst  all  but 

-¥^?c^ftLds  v^yo^^^^iiir^^^^ 

^e  very  Sgh  and  ---^^^^^^^^.'^oZh^s.   Itifthe termm. 

'  north  from  Chicago,  a>\d  c°5^^^"„;  ;^  ,„„  „  which  is  fimsbed  some  fifty 
Sf  the  Milwau^  ^l^td  Su^^^  Communicate  with  the  M. 

.   milea  west,  and  is  mtended  fj^^uai  ^  ^  ^^^  ^^^ugh  m 

Sssiopi  at  Pubuque,  or  Praine  du  Ch  en.     x  m  i^gnsetraic 

ofTm^t  fertul  <Hstrictsof  Wiscon  ^,^nd^^^  ^^  ^^^  ^^J 

?o  this  port.  Of  late,  o^vm§  mmn^  to  the  pa^  ^g^^  ^y^^  ,,^^erce 
crop  dSing  the  two  f<^<^^^ZJlZrVly  as  'for  several  yearsp. 

.      ^-^Tci^^SMilwai^ie  j^^-d  hi  f^^^^^^ 

-^Thf::^S  IZt^i  for  the  city  as  follows  .^^^^^^ 
Imports^w '.'. 2,607^ 

^^■—i ,...„Ji..  1^ 

Total.' ••■ 

.^.^^nrfp'of  the  whole  district  for  the  sam6  year  w|.:^^^^^^^ 

ifeportBT: •'••:;:::::".*".::...  r^ 

Exports V ^       '  -  ,,-7fil 

.,..     24,126.83 

Total T """'       ' 

'       .  Total  entrances,  6,000.  -        ^ 


^-  Doe.  18(1 


m 


f  The  enrolled  and  IJcenspH  t««  ^^ 

^6wn  in  the  official  report  a1  ?&*  ^"^  ?«  ^Oth  June,  1851  w« 
ana  2,659  tons  sail    %hl  «:  i^,*^  *°»s»  of  which  fifi?  t?«-       '  ^^  «et 
Med  at  the  end  ofT^''^'''^"^P«^lofthec5S^^ 

amount  to  6,52?tonf±-n''^'°";  '"^^^  the  tonS?  ^?Tr'S'.  P"^ 
must  be  an  ^rror  SeS  ^"^P  oj^mfent  to  325  mSi  ^Vh.f'l  ^T^^' 


Articles. 


Milwaukie.  I    ».  •        I  i  ~~T 

'  '  '  '    ingtoo. 


113,233 
3,839 
2,331 
181,904 
47,098 
175,723 
''22,233 
226,256 


100,017 
476 
1,426 
297,758 
2,100 
15,270 
5,000 
126,595 


262      276 
^^87, 840  1,050,000 


22,977 
1,112 
1,712 
272,678 
80,898 
40,908 
18,941 
106,471 
112,000 
22,400 
55 


2,661 
66 

'»33,"068" 
59,769 
55,169 
31,168 
30,731 
20,160 


163 


3,650' 
1.000 

9.260 
68.440 

SOI 

1,833 
847 
1,199 
3,384^ 


3. 060 


s.do6 

1,500 


900 


.The  imports  consist  princinaJIv^^^  T^"       ^ 


'■  ^^  '  ■ '  i    '  ■    •  '  ■  i 


•%%":♦     "      1^^ 


^■^n.  . 


•g^m* 


a  Doc.  186. 


I .  --•^^j^^j:^'^^^^^^'"^'" 


IMPORTS. 


Articles. 


Merchandise 
Sundries  — 

Salt 

Salt 

Fruit 

Fish 

Lumber  . .  •  - 

Laths 

Siingles 

Cedar  posts . 
Whiskey  -- 

Coal 

Pig  iron . . . 
W«ter-lime 
Cut-8tpne.. 


Quantity. 


Cheese 

Tan-bark 

Hailroad  iron,  &c..  j. 

Fruit  trees > 

Locomotives  .  —  A- 
Potter's  clay 


30,694  tons 

6,980     "     ..-■ 

81,985  bags .  *  . 

34,881  barrels . . 

17,617       "      .. 

1,208       "      -. 

40,401  Mfeet.. 

4,666  M  . .  -  - : 

13,126  M  .,-  - .  - 

12,788 

6,617  barrels - 

2,177  tons 

507     "     -  -  ■ 
2,329  l?arrels  . 

350  tons 

124,240  pounds 

1,376  cords.. 

666  tons- . . 

11,160 

160  tons... 


Value. 


EXPORTS. 


Art^ea. 


Quaatity. 


Flour . . 
Tork,. 

Beef.. 
-Wheat. 

Oats.. 


^arley.-^ 


■*= 


142,015  barrels.. 
6,000  "  -- 
4,043       "      .. 

687,634  bushels.. 

193,406       "      . 

137,163 


Wool. 

Hides 

Ashes 

Lard 

JSrobm-cora 


'^72,708  irauncte^ 

604,600       " 

1,418  tons... 

46,000  pounds 

843  tons... 


$16,297,000 

3,602,287 

4,698 

43,601 

26,275 

4,832 

404,010 

46,560 

26,250 

2,550 

65,170 

15,239 

12,400  j 

3,491 

1,750 

■  7,464 

27,500 

27,800 

2,787  [ 

"  40,OflO| 

m 


19,560,71J^ 


Value. 


$426,0 

70,0 

28,» 

412,8 

38,0 

274,a 

=111,^ 


Art 


Corn 

Merc 

Leai 

Litnd' 

Brick 

Haj 

SMp-knees 
LoMber .. 

Laths 

Shingleji. . . 

Fish 

Wood 

Stoves . . . 


andise : 


Hoop-poles 
Potatoes.. . 
Sundries... 


Portof  enby,  Ch 
»n  m  1840,  4,470 
i  JM  district  is  ab< 
"nCity,  in  Indiana 
«M8t  of  Lake  JW 
MM8.  Michigan  C 
fle  commerce  of  M 
'definite  returns  .fi 

^^.    Itistheo 
tfiom  Chic^,  an, 

ff  Michigan  Centra: 

pgo»  and  most  of 

K  exports  of  flour,  A 

te^o'wWeradon. 

Pajegan  is  situate 

■jeofLakeMichigaj 

^g^;^t8  onlyS-i 

^fieBdygSn,  an^ 

ycircumiacentto 
Jje  and  adapted  an 

^  and  tune  annually 
*«»naot,  therefore,  lb 


n.V.  s!fefcjj'.l'»v 


;Kg»rto^-Continued. 


9tS 


Corn 

Mercjiandise 
Leai 

Limd* .,'_"' I      987,840 

Brick .\V,'.' 2,500  barrels 

Hay ; 853,900 


xbandise...^,,.; ''2,342  bushels 

V- "     1.535tons       '""■ 


pounds. 
Bar 


Sfaip-Imees. 
LoMber . . . 

Lathfl 

Shinele^. .. 

Fish 

Wood , 

Staves 


250  tons.        *■ 
279  ■ ' *  *  ■ 

1333  M  feet*  "■ 
947M:      '*'* 
1,199  M.'* 
3,584  barrei 
10,000  cords    ■" 
200  M...""' 


Hoop-poles  ....*"" 

Potatoes Ill 

|Sandries. .  - .  .'.'.\.".\\' |       25,000  bushVls 

'*.534  tons 


10  tons.] 
50  M     ' 


S28,936 

767,00a 

49,392^ 

3,700. 

2,500 

\       5,580 

»        18,330 

V  2,470 

A997 

14,8^ 

20,000 

4,000 

4,000 

50O 

7,600 

2,093,8^ 


,    ^o.  17, 


-DiSTfti, 


Pm  of  entry  cUr.       , '  •'"""'''  "'  ^"""'°°- 
City, 

the  commerce  of  MSiZp^2^'  «»^  Chica^T^e  IJ     ,  "^  *^^ 

Michigan  Centra] 
"cago,  and  most  of  tl 


*°Si.¥?5rTiSf 


£*!*!»■  "»5. 


iS" 


™««.  l4Se  L  '""''^  °P»  it-  ^  "^  "^W  an  the  tapeiuKg 


'"  -t 


X'l 


-2t6 


H.  Doc.  186. 


^.Ul  not  fall  short  of  the  general  progress  of  its  own  and  the  neighbo^g 

^"^p  account  of  th^^nn^^^^^^^^^  ,,05S;  being 

eJs^rer24f  pTo^teCu^^^^^^^  105  schooners.  2  barques,  and 
3  sloops.  .  .     „.„.^^pnt  of  the  commerce  of  Waukegan, 

P**^'  IMPORTS. 


Artidet. 


.tons. 


Quantity. 


Merchandise j^j 

iiumber ' "  |^ 

Bhingles j^"  * 

|*f^« V.Vba^rek'. 

g?lt do... 

^io"[^; '.;*.'.*"■.'.'.-*.-■ *i°-- 

Whiskey -•-- y/io.'.'. 

i^*"^ v.. .bales.. 

Broom-corn -  - 

Sundries  unenumerated  .^^^^ 


Total  imports. 


1,110 

4.368 

809 

476 

2,804 

371 

809 

451 

210 

108 


EXPORTS. 


Articles. 


1BV>eat. ^"^If^- 


Oats. 


Com  .. 

3arley 

Seed.. 


....do... 

- : do... 

•*•*•■* do... 

Tlour.. ...■.*.■*.*-■■-'-- ^^/^ 

%<-^ - ::::;t:: 

%v:::;:;::::r:;::: pounds 

'Sundries  unenume^ted 


Quantity. 


173.129 

64,090 

29,874 

8.943 

1.480 

3,340 

260 

62 

36,800 


TotoT  exjports ,  ..•...---, 

Total  imports 

Total  commerce  of  Waukegan. 


Value. 


$565,0(H)  i 
43,69i| 
2,0 
4,7501 
4,201) 

1,113 
1,313 1 
^      4,5 
31)1 
169 
2,751 


619,S3il 


Ykloe. 


$103,J 
41,* 

10,« 


H»  Doe.  laa. 


n% 


The  city  of  Chicago  8tanrl«  «*  *u  ^^ 

population  of  about  40  nm?      J  "^®  ™°"th  of  the  ChiV«.r«  .• 
oVLake  MichiffJ  L  f h-  ^'  ^1'  «»  the  river  debour-hS  •"'^'/ ^*  « 

it8  import  trade       It  isTSj'  ^^^^^  ^up^es  £  export  'T^^  *^"  ^"■ 
commercial  depot      Th     "  ^^  account,  ^gt  favnSS    ^"^  consumes 
into  two  afflueTts  'the  norr"'  ^"'^^"^  ^  ^^^  of^T^^kf^^^^'^^  for  a 
of  the  main  rive?  InH  ?  S^""  ^^  southern,  thecT^^  ^'""^  ™*^«  "P 
bribes  wherTby'toTf  jj>^  T'  «^  both  the  tribuTaiferitS '^^ 
miles  south  of  tLe  city   tt  T"^^.^°°^'""nication  for^lcbit     ^°^^"« 
south  branch  at  a  nfar^  .  .Pl"?!^  ^"^  Michigan  can^lfT-'  ^^^^ 
stream  is  navigabt^irLf''^  Bridgeport,  aS  up  to  .bt"'  ^"^'^^ 

Iwcrby  means  of  it  the  wSof  tT  i2."^g^P«rt  to  PeruT^n  the  ri— "^ 
lio  that  canal  boats  can  r^Sf?  ^^  Mississippi  and  the  JaS»  ^?°'^' 
[nna,  as  indeS  to  ^^  ^-  .  Vf '  ^'•°n^  cl^cago  to^St  T  ^  '^^  ""i'*^^' 


/  <  •  ••  , 


iTk  i'  :r^*^<«»c  exists^ 

IThe  iollowinff  tables  U-ii  »;  "" '"*  '""^ ''° 


.i'    •!■ 


.4-    •' 


jt  It ,, 


>   t 


■  !■ 


Ki 


^Sp  ''*"^~J> 


♦  . 


?v  r 


■ii-  ;&\»!i.4^  a,.' '?"  1,1       -V' . 


.  I  '<€,• 


11 


S18 


H.  Doe.  li 


The  oroKressive  value  of  the  imports  and  exportj  of  Ctuc y  is  ex. 
hiSSSra  series  of  fourteen  years,  which  wiU  be  founi  to  ^n. 
tKtKfthe  actual  progression  bf  the  place.         • 


In  1836 . 
1837. 
1838. 
1839, 
1840 
1841 


ImporU. 
$326,S03 
373,677 

fi79,174 
630,980 
662,106 
664,347 


isS;"""*:    664,347 

1842\..>^ 971,^49 


1843 
1844 
1846 


...     1,686,416 

2,043,446 

^rT^*"! *. 2,027,160 

J!t?"i :::.::: 2,64i,862 

1861.:*.*'.:::: ,..». 24.410,400 


Export!. 

$1,000 

10,066 

16,044 

38,843 

228,635 

348,862 

659,305 

682,210 

786,604 

1,643,619 

1,813,468 

2,296,299 

6,395,471 


-    From  1842  to  1847  the  leading  articles  of  exi^rt  were  wheat.flc 
b feS^rkf^d  w^L    The  quantities  exported  m  those  years  were.J 
follows:  . 


\ 


Wheat,  bosheli.    Floor,  barrels. 


Tn1«42       V         .  686,907  2,920 

IsS'**        .  628  967  10.786 

JiJi 891.894  6.320 

i845*  "      . . . .  956.860  13,762 

1846"    .....  1,469,694  28.046 

1847""     ....  1,974.304  32,638 


Beef  and  pork, 
barrela. 
16,209 
21,492 
14,938 
13.268 
81,224 
48.920 


WoQl,p«ai| 

'=     1,500 

23,060 

96,635 

216,616 

281,222 

411,48S 


From  1848  to  1861  no  valuation  was  m^e  of  the  importatiwso 
eioTtbuf;  ^d  the  valuation  of  1848  is  deemed  so  utterl;5r  mcorw 
S^^^ldess  and  unworthv  of  citation ;  for  Jje  v^auon  for^ 
year  included,  mider  tiie  head  of  exports,  ev^y  small  Mof^ 
whethersent  ikto  the  circumjacent  country  for  domesUc  consurapda 
^  sSp^?  coastSse  or  foreign,  by  the  lake,  for  actual  exporta 

''  '^^m^^  S'shows  the  importations  of  lumber  during. 
years  mentioned:. 


The  table  beIo\ 
fiom  Chicago  duri 
and  increili^e  or  dec 

Article*. 


W]Mtt......biiabeIa. 

Elotr ban«b. 

{Cora bwheb. 

Oiti.»*  ■••••..  do. 

B«ef... btrr»l«..| 

Pbrk do. 

JTiUew do 

iLfra.. .do... 

jBiMB •..do....  I 

■Wool pounds. 

iHidai ....No.. I 


Exports, 

I  American  vessels  . 
I  British  vessels  ..[ 


'Ammcan  vessels. 
British  vessels.. 


onnageinward.—Amc 
Briti 
fonnage  outward.— Anw 

Briti 

[The  country  aiwmd  th 
r  W  very  fertile;  wh 

,  and  laid  the  perman 
iUmois  and  Mich 
at  Bridf^eport. 


netF 


^ 


r— «  the.^fati^ 
pe,  *Qx,  Kankakee,  ai 

per,  opens  up  to  a  north. 
SjMnaljvas  first  open© 

pi'een  hut  four  seions 


^>»e.'  19f I 


819' 


The  table  below  avk.'k.v.  -  "^^ 

to  Chfc^  d^g  A^  ^n^Lf  „^  '^'»«  "tide,  of  »^ 


Article*. 


Wb««t......biiahela 

Row bomla 

I  Cora bwhek 

lOito do... 

|B«ef. btmb 

I  Pork  .•••••.  ..do... 

JTiUow do... 

iLfra. .do... 

|BMOB...'...,..do... 

IToNOOO  *••••. do.., 

■Wool poaiMk 

iHidM ...No. 


1  American  vessels  . 
1  British  vessels 


1  Ammcan  vessels. . 
British  vessels 


CANADIAN  TEADE  IN  1851.         \ 


Imports, 


$4,935 
876 


tomge  inwanl.--Americao'vessel8~.team. 

British  vessels—sail .     

linage  outward-American  vessel^teai^.''; 

British  vessels 


5,811 


•  - .  $93,008 
-  -   23,117 

116,185 

^*y  collected. 
$1,204 
182 

1,386 


2 ,       652  tons. 
2        290    « 
2        428    « 


5 

7 
2 


2,183  tons. 
1,628   « 
428   « 

m 


h^  up  to  a  Si'SSZ!; ""'"'"%.  by  mSTrfil 
ptMial  waa  first  oDenml  i  ™?  "  "^.S"®*  com  vallev  of  the  w«!r 


■,  vJ-«i 


:  ^-^aSKiv   ' 


'r   V  }» 


.  »w 


5<STl»^-J 


.^ '     'ur.r,r^^^r  tA  ft  partial  faflure  of  the  wheat  crop  in  this  poriion  ■  beef  ^uring  the  sam 
Owmg,  however,  to  a  partly  lam^eo  j         arennrchB«fyto«ay  that  this 

near  that  period;  ^  j  ♦^  *qo  ^r-yo.  in  1R49.  to  4118  787-  Hthetracfe  in  this  artic 

The  canal  toBs  in  18«  =Vl°^»"«f '° .f,!'''^'  ■'«™»'.  y«  tie  eZ 

*"  r"'  r  *',fTSTtw.^iS.,mScompUancewlth.«  I  0™r^d  ^bcve^^ 
According  to  J^^f  ,™?^  '  ^^Sn,  in  1847,  the  first  shipmea  c(  Bloneb  of  pork,  there 
luuon  of  the  nver  ™d  g^„~^Y^^"'b„,  that  shipment  mSst  1»  ■?*'^  ^  «hee, 
beef  was  mM^e  f'oPJ  in  ISsTfte  whole  exports  iiroiil  the  port™,»™*?.P«»'cs  of  li 
'^"  7^  S*Si'Tl83?  AW  rSe  S  $l;l!o^;  in  1888  to  "iie,*;  Mf  «!"\  f  *ese 

aT^n^"i«pia!-Scept  wU  which,  for  the  «2  fc  » -k«  h,  t 

yeMsl5?tpast.erinbfflad^e^  amounts  to  the™ ■j^P -ad  tobacco  , 

^f^^lsTs^Y  coLMn^rf  »«.396l71  exports,  and  »2*.«e.«.Bi""7«^  «  Ch 
of  *29,806,871,  conasting  OT  .  ,      ,      ^ /  „(  ^  f„  pe«»opeIfers,  188;  schoon 

S^;„cy  bet'elX  vXe  KTimports  ar,d  exports  than  Sjg^J^  ^^. 
aiscrejj«uii.jf  u    ^  aifFerence  may,  however,  be  accountaiM,,"^  V^"®^  tonnage 

ronXronSS:  ^^,h&ge^f  ^^^^ 

Ind  rhrS^to  tSlstmition,  alfgoing  to  sweU  the  unrK,rtation  retuijp»g  the  year  1851 : 
f^  the^Stensive  and  growing  trade  of  this  place;  whereas,  thegtx^ 
Se  from  St  S^  to  aU  sections  of  the  country, as; 

t^'^^and  new  to  remit  articles  of  produce  for  exportation  byt^       *         .    Article,, 
s^ml^ut^    To  this  it  must  be  add/that  casud  fluctuaUons  in . 
Set  prices.at  Chicago  or  St.  Louis  frequently  determine  the  m 
by  S  inland  domestic  produce  is  shipped  to  the  seaboard,  whe«^ 
byXe  lak^J^the  Mississippi,  80  that  there  may  be  an  apparent  b— 
See  of  trade  against  ChicagS.  when  ther6  is  none  such  in  re%^  »,ey. 
v^      In  18S1,  Chicago  received-mostly  from  the  Illinois-and  export^  J 
^  no  less  thin3,221,317>ushelsof  com;  ^«« /^^^T^^^^y  ^j^^fj 
from  the  lumber  districts  of  Michigan  and  Wisconsin,  126,000,000  H 
ofTumberSo!oOO,000  of  shingles,  and  27,000,000  pieces  of  ^ 
which,  according  to  the  Chicago  Tribune-esteemed  the  cor^^ 
ipumal  of  that  place  most  worthy  of  confidence--64,000,000  ij^ 
Cer  were  shfpped  by  canal,  and  44.000,000  of  these  reached  i 
Illinois  river;   6M00.000  of  shingles  were  shipned  ^7  cjal. « 
^000,000  of  these  reached  the  Illino.s;  while  oHath  12,f J^JM^ 
Chicago  for  the  south,  of  which  11,000.000  parsed  beyond  the  tennffl 

-^e  cmtiime^!aihiret>f  the  wheal  ciop  in  northcrn^^^^  ■ 

the  attention  of  farmers  to  g^f  ing  «nd  wwl-^rowmg,  t(j j^n M^  , 

prairie  laftds  are  admirably  adapted,  and  of  this  the  result*  are »: .,« ^    V • —^ 

tiallv  seen,  in  the  returns.  ,  ^     »       •    „  o„,i  ^m^*^^ .  -*.* '" 

In  1861  there  were  slaughtered  and.  packed,  for  ^^""^"^ZJmllll' * 

lish  market?,  in  Chicago,  21,806  head  of  catUe.    The  <»»"P'"«'^'«»«^'S44,--:^- -i;. 


!(!• 


.  f  J\'  a  j\>t.  vi^yi^  »  !4?j'^^ 


iL^JW't^j-i^iStJ^-dvtv^  i 


J 


?J' 


.beefauring  the  same  year  were  52  fiAAK      *i  ,       *^ 

««y  to«ay  that  this  beef  is  of  thffi!.    *^°"f^'  ^"^  ^*t  is  hardlv  n«,« 
this  d.y  as  weU  known,  Jthl  Jhe  "'2^"^^'  ^^^  Chic^o  bfef  ^^t 
its  succulence  and  tenderness  itf^^T  ^^^"gJishln^kets  fS^ 

?r:l^t2fe^^:^r,£^^^ 

b.,TeIs.fpork.theSt^P,^^^^^^^^ 
b^tbew  prame  States,  when  theyahaU  hJTT^,"'^  *'  P«M  re^^ 

■,Telte,I83;achooner?l,i^'2l|"  "e  as  foilowa:  steamers,  663- 

m  Wng,707S:^!;i^"'^'r^'3°»  ■•.»  ^'•*  °f  J™^.  ««,  wa. 
The  foUowing  table  wiJl  exhiS  Tif'       *°^^  ^^^- 
N  aijcles  o?  export  and  Sioirt^^  T'^'^'^  ^^  ^^lue  of  the  nrin 
fe  the  year  1861 :  ""^^^  coastwise,  at  the  port  of  Sgo; 

EXPORTS. 


m .*.'*. 


» » ■ « » 


barrels. 

' ^ bushels.. 

■ .-do 

do 

do.... 

pounds.. 

oarrels. , 

do.... 

pounds.. 

do..,.. 

ao.»i.. 

* do 

- .  -number. 

•• pounds... 


p«te= 


^-baiTels. 

^  "---••. number. 

..iT'' barrels. 

cj,'     -^^ do. 


71,723 
436,808 
3,221,317 
8,537 
767,089 
694,783 
62,865 
20,622 
1,084,377 
2,976,747 
899,504 
650,955 
31,617 
1»086,944 


'482,758 


«215,16a 
262,084 
1,169,674 
4,268 
15,218 
41,687 
370,055 
287,^08 
65,068 
238,14a 
81,960 
32,548 
88,527 


48,875 
11,690^ 
75,000 
14,180 
6,371 
65,800 


1m. 


Si  * 

I 


vm 


Exporta-^oatxDXxed. 


^  ,  ^_„  bushels 

JS^***' ....barrels... 

Mfrchandise .-.bS::: 

^8\^^^ :     .pounds... 

Leather - ^^^^  _  _  _ 

'..*!*. '.do. ".'.'.. 

- :: do 


Lead... . 
Iron . . . . . 


Furs 

Buf&lo  robes 
Cattle...,. 


do.... 

..number.. 


Sundries  unenumerated . 


2,000 
78 
2,4«1 
1,878 
33,875 
1,376,872 
144,380 
664,600 
7,216 
448 


Qtiaatity. 


.tons. 


Merchandise.. '...bushels.... 

If^y barrels... 

JS?"^ bushels... 

^^^: ...thousand  feet. 

J"™^^ thousand... - 

?^\"«^^' ■  •  *  '■  ".'.thousand  pieces.. 

}f^- . . .  .cubiS  feet. . 

P™^^^ • ...pounds.... 

g??" • ...gallons.... 

Molasses .....larrels.... 

Z"^^; :::v.iimb^r'.*.". 

Naland-spiesV.; ?^^^;-- 

Locomotives -  -^    j„ 

\^ ::::^.v. 

)H.h ■*" 


— -0^TO6  »  »  »  ■  »— <>-■ 


^km^ 


3^,368 
12,331 
6,630 
26,084 
126,066 
60,338 
27,683 
410,679 
3,139,800 
81,166 
128,641 
347,600 
9,742 
6,924 
198 
44,034 
4 
41,667 
10,286 
9336 
6,267 
11,316 


Value. 


$500 

1,872 

l,24ff,500 

18,780 
16,937 
68,79? 


66i,S00 
3,6 
13,4M| 
48,55» 


5,395,471 


Vaku. 


$21,081,9 

6,l«l 

19,S 

16,6 

1,250,1 

150,8 

275,8 

21,« 

2m 

32,41 
'  192,81 
17,01 
97,li 

ii;! 

9J 


Coal 

Sundries  unenumerated . . 


..tons.'  .-•' 


"SOiOOiK 


•  •  •  f . 


Hereto&re  the  vi 
IseparateJy,  with  sue] 
lAkiy,  in  regard  to 
|a.Tenue8  and  outlets  j 
f  exporting  and  imvi 
h  many  cases,  h 
urlHtraiy,  to  suit  the 
cither  on  geographic 
tone  time  character 
5  same  district,  and 
ally  the  same  quaJi 
I  view  to  presenting  a 
*m  regions,  with  th 
quirements  of  farth© 
bost  interesting  regioi 
Vhole  Jake  country,  wi 
Itiantic  coast,  and  on  t 
Meracy  at  large,  into  « 
I  Commencing,  therefo 
puntiy  proper,  and  pn 
Hntioned  is, 

iThis  lake  lies  betweei 
It  and  west,  and  for  a 

*Tsh  province  of  Cana 

>  to  south,  and  varie 

Pth  of  water  vaiyin, 

i  the  ouUet  of  Lakel 

,wy,  Au  Sable,  Missisc 

HetisbytheSorel, 

pence,  some  46  miles 

She  New  York  and  Vei 

te?PP°f'^  imaginai 
«  highly  cultivated,  fert 
J^iurnMhing  supplies 

nUesofNewYorYtotl 

{^astmowitainsinterae 
Imtervales,  sends  dam 
IJousand  tons  of  iron 
^.™;^  thousand  of  p: 
'dtheChamplaincafli 


THE  LAKES. 


228 


Heretofore  the  variono  ^;«*.-  .      - 
kparateJy,  with  such  sf^L?     ''^^  °^  collection  havp  ?.o 
4^  in  regard  to  thl??"'  ^  "^^"^  attainablel^d  H.  "  P'^^^^'^d 

,.%the  same  qSes^J?^  ^??y  adjacent  Ssll^"^  ?«d 
«ew  to  presentiig  a  ^en!?^  fclities-it  has  been   ulKf  '^ -"j 
U  regions,  with^thlrSjB^.^"°^P^^hensibIe  sXSof  S  "^'^ 
^uirements  of  farther  ijBK^  '"*^'"^'*^'  ^^^des,  i^Smf  ?^  ''*; 
^ost  interesting  S,Bfcr,'  ^  give  a  cursZ  sW^^/  ?-^ 
ryelaJiecouBtrv.>^>n^^  ^^^»  and  thereaftZ  t„      S  °^  ^^^^i 
itlantic  coast,  aS^orthi"'  '"^^'^'*«'  ^^^  influence  on  thi^   v"^^*  '^^ 
rferacy  at  Wg^ Into  teS^'  "^^^^'  and  weU-ZS^  "/;?  "'^'^^ 
Commencing^  therefore  from  l"""™^*  '  '°"" 

^untry  proper,  and  pi^c^edW  in^ir'^'T^''  *"^^i""«  of  the  lake 
rationed  is,  ^         ^  ^  ^"^  «"^«' westward,  the,  firsMo  be 

This  lake  hes  between  the  States  of  V« 
pt  aad  west,  and  for  a  amaiij-        *  ♦^ermont  and  New  V«^u 


6  whole  value  of  til  j'^'w  oi  ^j 


•.  ',  i'l 


'      r        '  '  •  -J     lEtl      I     1*1 

"I  •-■'  '■:'•*.■•'#  ■' 


It 

«• 


.<■        «, 


-     ■  > 


i'- 


f     't: 


.i'< 


1 


'I, 


■^■.■'ptlM-p 


■4-  ,. 


,j:. 


J24    ...         ..m^Dim-'^' 

L  a  frtfe  navigation  up  or  do^^^  ,^^f,fgh^^^  canal,  uniting  at 
lo  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence;  and  ^^l^^^^l'^^^  thence  giving 
WaTerfordwith  the  Ene  cand  -^  H^^^^^  ^^^  of^^S 

access  to  the  port  of  New  York  and  me  ^^^  ^^^^^^^^  ^.^ssmg  the 

burg  raiko^d.'froin-\fi"^„lC' 1^^  where  .it  makes  a  junction 
upwr  end  of  the  lake,  to  Bmlm^^  railroads,  and  so  proceeds 
^Sithe  R^tl^d^^nd  Vermon  ^^^^^  ^^   I,    Whit. 

to   Boston  and  the  fa^^ern  harbor^  oit  eonununication,  vii 

haB  railroad  l?y  Ballston  ^oJ'oy^^X^.^^  ^^    ^^       f  New  York- 

*the  Harlem  and  H"d«°"^J,^„^^r^^hich  may  be  added  all  the  advaD- 
vast  facilities  fof  ^^"^^Xel^TTdcolmg,  possessed  individo- 

:'  LAKE   ONTARIO. 

This  lake  is  180  mUes  -length  by^^O^^^^g^,^ 
mean  depth  is  500  feet,  its  W.^^^^f  SL  'o^^^^^      the  superfluc«, 
square  m^es ;  its  I*f "P^^^^^'V  the Xgara  Falls  arid  riyer. 
waters  of  all  the  grelt  upper  l?^f '  ^y 'f  g^e,  Irom  the  Canadian  side- 
Its  only  tributaries  of  any  XXte  ofl^ew  York  the  Black  riv«, 
the  TrenlaBd  Credit, ^dr^^^  ^  by  ^he  chapel rf 

the  OsMvego,  and  the  Genesee.  ^^^^ .  ^      ^^  down  a  steep  desceo^ 
the  St.  Lawrence,  through  the  ^hous^^js^        j   ^^  ^^^^^^  ^.^i 
•     broken  by  many  rapids  and  chutes,  to  Mon  ■ 

further  difficulty  to  the  ocean.  especially  on  f^^ 

The  shores  of  this  lake  on  both  s^^^' "u  ^   i^us,  thick 

southern  or  New  York  coast,combmep^^^^^ 

settled,  and  productive  ^^^^f  ^"^1^^^^  flourishing  to^ns, . 

spetsed  at  every  few  nules  of  length-oy  ^  j^^^  ^f  Genesee^ 

iTautiful  viUages,  restmg  W/r^^"^J^Sness  of  its  soil,  andt 
ferior  to  few  in  the  world  «^^^J*^^  F^^'^untry  not  e^^^ 
.       quality  of  its  grain;  and  a  fruit  or  ^"^^^^^^  „ost  valuable  - 

?t  haJ  also,  Ordering  on  it^  .!«^?^J™  J^"^^^^^  ^hile  all  the  reg . 
latgely  exploited  ««lt  ^hstrict  of  the  U^^^^  temof  i 

ad^ining  i^  possesB  rar^  ,^f^^^i  ^  the  Erie  canal,  running  near 
temal  communication,  and  especiauy  m  j  ^^^^ 

parallel  to  the  lake,  through  tyjl'^l^X  on  Lake  Erie,  to  Alk 
Eundred  and  sixty-three  nules  ^^^^f^f  ^^I^"  ower  atforded  by  ' 
Sn  the  Hudson  river.  ./^^  abundant  jaterj)ow^^^^ 

It  is  united  with  Lake  Erie  by  the  Welland  cana^ 
of  N^af^apable  of  admittiri.  ^X^  fS  ^i-the  heav3 
hundS  and  tl»irty  feet  over  «J^^^.ri*fs^cffir  above,  and 
Si«t  can  be  carried  across  the  flats  of  Lakes  tot.  ^iftu 


WiAtheGulfofstL.^  ^'*'*'''°™°"'H»rfeK  under 

Jake  stfeamboats  Dlvinrr  K  *      *^eJIand,  construrtS  ^°""?». of  superior 

•S^cH^se,  and  fbe  ol^lt::^<> -nal,  f;^^^'  th^  P^?^^"«»'4' 
iO«utingwitli  the  Albfnt  „  i^^"'^*''6  08we;?oands!      ^^le  canaj  « 

Juirty millions,  aM  ft^Kr"''^!,"''^  •'«  l»ke  for  issi  „ 


h. 


I-AKE    ERIE. 


.  This  lake,  which  IJoo  k  ^  "  -.v 

P55'  and  83°  23'  W  L  v  ^^"  ^1°  22'  and  490  no' k  .    '       ' 

I  lengthy  50  average  breSrt'  ^^  ^%t'eal  in  sM^  .  ^{  ^"'""^«'  «^d 
fcSiter;  322  Xve  ?hf^'  ^^,°  ^^^t  mean  demh  »„tj^^"*.266  miles 

fakes  Hurin  and  fein   k^^^  °^  ^«^^  OnS  ^  t^?  ^^^  above 


H:  Doc.   IM. 

^^  *      '        ,         _^  «» ^m»1pr  cultivation  are  as  yet  I 

i„mj»ratlvely  l''»±^^^lMe  cuUure,  v,hat  .t  ma,<«e 

The  tributaries  of  this  la^^  are .  ^ater-power,  having  at  ils 

Weam  of  considerable  yoW^v^ti^ ^^^^^^^  ^t^e.W.\ 

mouth  the  harbor  o^  P^'^^^^K  on  the  Canada  side.    From  New 
Se  and  the  only  one  worthy  ot  note  wii  ^^^^j^^  ^^^j^ 

SAr?eceive/theCat^^^^ 

outlet  of  which  IS  tj^^^flXe  3^^^^  the  Maumee,  Portege,  SanduskyJ 
Ohio  it  is  increased  by  the  waters  oi  ,  ^^  j  ^^  Conneaut  nveiJ 
V^million.  Black  Cuyahoga,  G^fd^^^^^^ 

and  by  those  of  the  Elk  «^^:  ^f'^Srimportant  affluent  is,  howevd 
vaniaT    Infinitely  ^ts.l^Jg^f^^^i^^^^^ 

the  wide  and  deep  "^f  "^^^f^^teT-a  descent  of  62  ieet  in  some6^ 
%^^t,ol  h;f  J  SrumiS  surplus  of  the  three  mighty  I. 
1?;?SU  their  mb^^^^  ^^^,,  ^,,      ,.era,e^ 

Its  natural  outlet  is  the  Nu*^  "  •  j g^  feet,  descends,  mi 
ofXee  quarters  of  a  '^^'^^^rsX'^  incomparable  « 
35  miles,  322  feet  over  *e  foaming  '^P      possibility  of  nay^jaM. 

t^StZt  str  W"  -^  -  --^  '»"'"  ^" 

V    ^ianal,  a  noble  ''•"'' »"t,ks?S7a«"*le  from.lake  to  te  ^ 
^1^4 St°^-'i^ef^bU  and  9  tee.  draught- 

8,000  barrels  under  deck.  ,  j^  ^33  free  egress  to  Lakej 

I*  By  means  of  this  fanp  W^^^n^e    S  by  the  various  J 
Vio,  and  thence  to  tlM^J^^J^^;  from  Ontario  and  CtoJ 
.  toents  of  that  nver,  andWnnmicaiion  ^^^^  ^^j^^ 

gCny  points  as  heretofo^enum^^^^^ 

i    The  artificial  outiets  «f  ^^X  orconsiderable  age,  and  M 
jwrtant;  many  <>i'^^'^.fl^lrtideritexvn^e  of  the  State rfl 

KdeJ<:^trld^^^^^  the  Erie 

r  These  are.  the  WeUand  cMiai.  ^^e  Hudson  nver.andj 

iconnectini  the  i^aters  of  Lake  Ej^J^^^^i^,  Erie  and  Beaver  j 
^^J^^S^SZ::^.X^orlp^  Ohio,  aWmg^ 


Sririe,1^^^JySS^^^ 

iPittsburg  and  Cincinnati;  ^"^^V'"^^^^^^  , 


>  I      •■     ' 

i  W  •'•.         'I  •  '*•  J     •  ' 

4f  .V  .>\i/,r 


I  r     A  'J 


H.  Boc.   i8(j, 

fiBe,  in  Indianaj  and  with  th*.  w  k    ,.  **^ 

iB-the  same  State  Wabash  xiver  nflv;»ot-  >  i  f    ■ '  T^  ^  S'  - 1^  .^1 

For  land  stelmtransDorr..-      •.         ^'' "^"^««^o«  «  Lafayette,  ^i    :'■'•  J^  .  >,' vPl 

toAIbany,  where  i7?.£^^*.°"  "  ^as  the  New  V.  i,  r.  -J  -      -  J  ^^1     'If. 
river,  Harlemra)ltor""T"«  ^^h  the  (Jelri^""*'"^ '^^ay  T    /.h,^*l  '  %;'i 

and  Coining  and  E  Vn'^i:^^,  ^  t^e  eastern  rSr!^S''^''?'  ^"^son  •  I    -.      f  S^   f^-  '^  Ir!  I 

and  the  projectedBufS^^'^^ct  from  Dunfirt  L  m    ®^^^^e  and 

lumbus  railway,  the  Cnrt  ^^  ^'^^^^  of  Ohio,  the  nf^  [""""i  '^^a^a 

amirailway,  to  C  nciS^'l""  ^"'^  ^enia raSw^^  S^^^"?  «"^  Co- 

necting  witVtheteS'  ^^/^^andusky  a^dSstfd  r^, ^"^«  ^- 

andLake  Erie  raiwfT  ^^  ^o^"ni  bus  road  at  fiSf  '  '^^«y.  con- 

bj.the  Litde  M?^r^^:3°J^ndusky  city'to  S 

ffl?ii raihxjad  (the  CincS  w  °  T  ^^^nexion, S  bv  .kJ^"^  ^'^e^ce 
■  Cincinnati,-  aiid  the  f ^?  cu^^°"^*on  and  DaVton  «^o/^  ''^  ^'"^at  JVfi- 

ledo,  wher;  k  wiU  cbn^!,  ^Vf^  railway,  desSneTt^^  «  another,  to    • 
M  of  Lake  MicbZ'  V^  '^^  ^^^^mZuthlr^  ""^"^^^  *«  To, 
NewBuffaJoand  Sa  ""!'?  ^^*^°«Xce  fw Jj  h?^«^  *«  the  , 
kppi,and  Fond  du  Cf  i^^^  " J^^^ately  to  Galela  ^^rth^?  •*'' 
bgan.  "^'  vvmnebago,  and  Green  Bav  nn  t   f  ^^««- 

I  The  estimated  value  of  th.  '    '       ^^^'  ^^'^^- 

%itis  difficult  to  fl^fin        ^o»^«erce  of  Lake  Vr',^  •  *«« 

1<AKE   ST.  CLAIR. 

I  This  small  lake  wluVh  ft  * 

.Ms  above  and  below  if  nr.t     ^^f  "  compared  with  VkL        *t"e,,is  , 

>  extremelv  shonlT.       ^^  *"®  embouchure  nf  .^     m'^   ™o"«h  it»  - 
MeoSyby^IlSr^'^  r^  ^"^uriaS  crons  of-   ^^T^^  "ver 
Pgabove  dne  a^SfnT  ^^ '««"°"«  iel  SLl  "^^^  //^«'  and 
pS.   It  recSvl.^  1    "^  ^^^ns  not  more  tW        ''"P^^e  of  ad- 
h««>aler«S,^™  the  Canadian  sZ^th^tT'^ ""^ Ms^t  fTet 


.  ^^a.fedin/rT^^'^^^^^^t^ers  mere Tfl      '°  ^T^  "^mhle 


:'^ 


,  M 


# 


9SS 


H.  Doc.  186. 


u       ■    o««tV.fir  nass  from  the  mouth  of  the  Thames 
shore,  however,  there  is  another  pass  nrom  m 

lakeward. .  ',.  ,  ,„„  ^mnpr  to  itself  beyond  the  sale  of 

This  lake  has  little  «>7^^^^„^.  P^P^i^siT  stealers  and  sailing 
vrood,  fruit,  vegetables.  «^<1  W^doneCkf waters,  and  the  JargS 
craft,  although  some  8M>-b^dmg  «  d^e  o^  ^^^^ 

.teamboat  rumimg  on  *^^l,^f  ji&      '^  the  dis^ict  of  De-, 

No  separate  returns  oi  the  small  «h^P   8  P  ^^le  even  to  approximaie 

troit  having  been  made  sj^e  184^^^^^  ^considered  that  the  ^bafe 

the  trade  ot  Lake  St.  Claor ,  »«  ^  j^    prosperous  towns  andinh 

business  of  the  VP^  ^f^*  "^^eTSllbotf  si£s  of  Lake  Michigan, 
measurably  wealt^  back  counmes  on»do  ^    ^^ 

and  all  the  mmeral  regions  ot  ^^f  f^    ^      ^-^^^y  necessary  is  & 

this  outlet,  it  cannot  but  ^PP«^  «,^„?£XSons  inlake  St.  Claira«i 
action  of  Congressfortheremovdofthe.obs^^^^^  around  theM 

Lake  St.  George,  and  the  ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^  compares  the  apad, 
Ste.  Marie ;  nor  can  it  fad  to  f^^^^^^isthe  navigation  of  the  uppS 
of  the  American  government^  °^re?gy  ande^estness  displfS 

l^^rBril^itdPrSidXillh^^^^^^^^  the  far™ 

bv  the  britisn  ana  jrruvuivi."  i^wpr  waters,  and  m  penedw 

oLtacles  P"=«»'fJ  •»  3S  *e  "  S'^rtaTef  Hiron  mJn^ 
a  free  ingress  and  egres^from  the  pons  ui  *j  h 

U,  the  tile.wate.8  ot^^'^Jf^eTr'the. northward  and  westward 
The  commerce  of  aU  th«^^^,^J°.  ^^b^ve  sixty  millions  of  dolk 
Lake  Erie  has  an  ^«^^t;te^"\t^  thousand  tons  of  steamy 
with  a  Kcensed  to^^^g^^^^^S  Speriod  of  the  existence  of  ifi 

sideration.    ^  .  \.      .. 

LAKE  HUBON. 

This  superb  sheet  Of  water  liesb^tween^^^^^^^^ 

west,  Lak?  JficWg- -  the ju^w^^^^^  ^,  ^, 

Ontario  on  the  «««*  a^^uUiea^  ^^^^  .^  .^  ^.^^^^     J 

in  length,  and  one  bV^^^T^^^^^  a  separate  laJ 

elusive  of  the  9^^g^^  J^^f'^^^^^^^  chain  of  proW.nto^ 

.  divided  from  It  by  the  »f ^'^y . ';°^^_f  Cabot's  Headfthe  Mam^ 
islands  formed  by  the  great  Penu«ulaot  ^^^^^      ;     ^^^  ^ 

Cockbum.  and  Drummond  g;°"P«!  ^f^'^j T^n^ain  thity-twot 
>   mo^t  crfpe  of  northern  Michigan.    It  18  said  to  con  j^^  ^ 

sand  isUis.  principaUy  along  the  "°i^^™  ^^^^^^  pi„nack 

western  end,  varying  m  «- fr^-^.^/^aS  S^n  i.  eU 

large  and  culuyable  isles,    ^he  sumce^  ^^^^^     - 

huSdred  and  ninety-six  ^etjibove  the  ^^^^^^  ^^  bekwl? 

irpsaed  fortv-five  below  that  ot  Lake  ouperiui,  m 

'5^.^^--    ■jts  geatest  depth  is  one  thousand  feet,  near  the  wesi 

:rt°::.  -:.,r^~^rt«yhBat- feet.  .  rr . _ 


pre 


— Micnigan.-  xu»  te,i'^^!^^^^L:^^ir~z,_^^^        


<.4K'.>*-^«i*l 


Jt^  Doc  181^ 


At^ewuthernextremitvoftK. /.  2^ 


inr^^rie^^^^^  there 

,  mrval  and  military  ste^^^^^    J"^  o^  a  Projected  rafl^'°?  *  ^"ndred 
!  Canadian  settlei^nte  ^"  °^  ^^n^tan  j^^^^  *«  «««« 


OKI,  &c.,  and  on  the  isIanH«  «       ^^  ^y®'  ^ottawasauo^  K    ™)?*"^* 

Chippewa  and  Pottet^r'^^^^^'d  of  it  somr^"^  ^f^'  ^«n*« 

l«e  Jfcuce^es  ,m^?*°?"e  ^"^^«.    rTurr'*^"^''^^ reserves 

tlHp  the  settled  ''?jj^t^«  I^acloche  marniZ,?"  "?«hem  shore 

J«eph.    These  TeZll^^^  ^^  PartiaSyTxSa  J  fPP°«««  ^ 

g«d^^beC^  i^e^Jtrs^I^^-^-  «-^p"nt'of  tt 
Nagg%  viIW,  with  a  fort  ortJ^^  ^  **"  which  there  ;7  =^  ^^ 
Ui^auist  the  American^°/f *^?«»  «/ ^«  Hudson  Bav  Com  °"^' 
litem  coast  of  Mirhi^  vuiage  at  the  Sault.    OnTkt    ^  Company, 

l«fc  Huron  is  ai.p^^     .  ^ '''"^k  for  their  fee 

k>of  any  kind  for  S  c^mm^!^  havens.     ThisTatl  T     *"  ''^"^ 


I-AKB   MlomOAN. 


Hf  roducU;^  r  r^^^^^a  k  mild  'andlmT"^? '"  ^^ 
hraee  br^n^fU        ^®**  longitude:  is  -Sn  ^r     •    .^^  latitude. 


aw     '^      .J      a  '       *   '  1 . 

t'. ♦    <■  !*  i(| *  '•    »>    '■ 


f.K 


.&irl  i-li.  •  . 


r^t;   ■ 


^.^tmitmmmwm 


■~^  f  tp^' 


^W^m^^^ 


2»^ 

Tnai.«  in  lenffth,  by  thirty  in  breadth,  weU  sheltered  at  its  mouth  by 
^  TraverL^S^^^^^^  aiS  having  for  its  principal  affluent  the  outletof 

^the'^orf;Sc^^^^^^^^^  -  t^^t-r 

MMkeaon.  Grand,  kalamazoo,  and  St.  Joseph  rivers,  from  the  southern 
SnSof  Michigan ;  the  Des  Plaines,  O'^aines,  and  Chicago  nvers, 
fclndiana  and  Illinois ;  and  from  the  northern  penmsula  of  Michigan, 
tte  Menomonie,  Escanabk,  Noquet.  White-fish,  and  Manistee  rivers. 

TheUe  is  bounded  to  theVaBtward  by  the  nch  ai,d  fertile  lands  o 

the  southern  peninsula  of  Michigan-sendmg  out  vast  supphes  ofall 

the  cereal  gr£ns-wheat  and  maize  especiafly-equal  it  not  supenor 

in  qualky  t?any  raised  in  the  United  States;  on  the  south  and  south- 

welt  by  Indiana  and  lUinois-supplyin^  com  and  beet  of  the  finest 

qu5itv;in  superabundance,  for  exportation;  on  the  west  W. the  pro 

3uS  grain  Ld  grazing  lands  anS  lumbermg  districts  of  Wisconsin; 

and  on  tf  e  ^orthw?st  and  north  by  the  invaluable  and  not  yet  halt 

Nexplored  mineral  districts  of  northern  Michigan.  .,,,.. 

?rhe  natural  outlet  of  its  commerce,  as  of  its  waters,  is  by  the  straits 

of  Mackinac  into  Lake  Huron,  and  thence  by  the  St.  Clau-  nver  down 

the  St.  Lawrences  or  any  of  ihternal  miprovements  of  the  lower  lakes, 

and  the  States  hereinbefore  described.  . 

Of  internal  communicaUons  it  already  possesses  many,  both  by  cad 
and  railroad,  equal  to  those  of  almost  any  of  the  older  btates,  m  lengtk 
and  availabiUtyj-^nd  inferior  to  none  m  importance. 

FkltTit  has^the  Green  bay,  Lake  Winnebago,  and  Fox  river  |^ 
provement,  connecting  it  witfi  the  Wisconsin  river,  by  which  it  k 
Sccess  to  the  Missi^ippi  river,  and  thereby  enjoys  the  commerce  of  ffl 
Tper  vallWL  its  rich  lower  lands  and  prosperous  southern  cUe,, 
3  second,  the  Illinois  and  Michigan  caaal,  renaermg  the  great  «« 
vSey  of  the  Illinois  tributary  to  its  commerce.  By  railways,  ap| 
perfected  or  projected,  it  has,  or  will  short  y  have,  connexion  witht 
EssSpi,  iA  iti  upper  waters  and  lead  regions,  via  the  Milwaukie  a 
.  ESi  ^d  the^fchicago  and  Galena  iVs  To  the  ea.tw^, 
the  MicEan  Central  and  Southern  railroads,  it  communicates  ^2ht 
LakVShorroad,  and  thence  with  all  the  ^^f te^n  l«^es  from  Buffik^ 
^.-Boston;  and  to  the  southward  it  wiU  speedily  be  ™f  d,  by  thegr« 
^tem  of  project^  railroads  through  iVois  and  Indiana,  to  the  ] 

sissippi  and  Ohio  river.  •      .1 ,;c« 

It  IS  impossible  not  to  be  convmced,  on  suryeymg  the  magnifi« 
system  of  internal  improvements  so  energetically  carried  out  by  tta 
Sll  young,  fend,  as  ft  were,  embryo  States,  that  if  they  were,  ij 
degree,  antic^atory  of  their  immediate  means  andjesources.  th^^ 
not  really  in  adv^ice  of  the  requurements  of  the  age  and  counti 
This  is  sufficiently  proved  by  their  triumphant  success,  and  by  theta 
position  of  popufa&,n.  civilization,  agricultural  and  commercial  r 
tTwhich  they  and  they  alone  have  raised,  »^  if  by  magic,  the  soli 
unexplored  and  untrodden  WUdemesses  of  the  west.-----^ 

By  the  strong,  deep,  and  rapid  river  of  St.  Mary's,  with  ite  b« 
and  iaming  SaSlt,  L^ces  Michigan  and  Huron  are  connected  v^thj^ 
may  be  caUed  the  headmost  of  the  great  lakes,  though  itseU  Je  »* 
ent  of  the  waters  of  a  line  of  lakes  extending  hundreds  of  miles  1 


i'i-'^i        ^  ^Sfi.^^    ^ 


.    *«-.■..  .J.*S^^ 


.V^*^;. 


P^  to  the,  canoes  of  the 

■  ^AKE   SUPBHIOR.  .^ 

,    lake  Superior  i<?  h»..»^  j  ' 

Mcbigan  aSd  part  o?  wf.   *""  '^^  '°"^^  ^y  the  north 
portion  of  the  iiBsota  rr"''"'  «"  ^^^  west  S^^""  Pn'nwia  of 

£  British  posseSn^  the  T«^|  ^^^  «"  »he  "o^fand  n     ^  ^^^  * 
J  the  most  part.'  atf^nlu     ^  ^^^^  immediafpl,r    j    •  .  "°^heast  bv 

Ug.for^the'nroJpi^^^^^^^^  «"^  .^"^^'d  b^^^^^^^^  "•  ^^'^^ 

f  northern,  of  igneous  ?SsJ^  '^"*^«^»  «hore,^f  dettS"P*T'  ^*>"- 
lof  pines  and  other  ev^I '  ^''^'"^^  ^«h  a  sparse  ^nf??^'  ^^  °"  the 
ItiaDV  birch,  aspen  I^K"''  1"'^^^  ^^^  t?e  feeWp  ''T^^  «^«^h 
lof  the  shores,  it^hS^f  ^^^  deciduous  tree"  of  t?  "^''"^  ^«&eta- 
bely.when  these  wSdS'  ft  ^"«^«P^We  o?^efe^^^  £ttJe 

Woubt-theseatofa  nr„    7  T^.'^^'^on^e^^  ^^  it  is 

pepend  mainly  f^  thS   ^' r°"°"«  P«P"lation  laTv  ^^VV^^'  beyond 
K more gS tlnJ^f'^t ""^ ^^ ^dZctfaT.  '"^^''^^^ts will  . 

Uofthislke  ar^Sei^  Tt  ^"^  -sTwaT'  Th°^T"^«' 
water,  afford  suDernh.Vn^  "^'  ^d,  brineinff  doTvn  i  "^  tributary 
pensive  in  the^  wor^^^^^^^  \^'^^-P«^ver^fof  man^ff  ^?e  volume^ 
Uerous  falls  mTchlte^Z^^' ^'^  their  pSS^f^T  *^^  °^°«t 

NfrSi^^^"^-^^^^^^^^^^ 

IPFr.    ThJy  conceLeT  h  ^''^''^^  i'nplemems  Tnd    ^'^^^  ^^  »^« 
Berstitious  myste?^.  !„'^^^.^er,the  sitLtiWZ    '''^^'"^"ts  of 

pwereintroducJ^rT'^  ^u  ««truments  and  wl^    '^  '"r^  ^«ba 
po  abeySe?^A'?^"S:  them  by  the  wU^ZTT'  ""^  ^°«  «^d 

teous  treSir?  ^nr^??  ^^^*on  is  evStTv T  f  ^  ^°"^tless  yet 
^d  que  tfon  Til    f^^  "^^«  "oyale  Ind  &  ?   "^^'^  ^^^  «f  «wb. 


r!^ 


^^ 


^Wed,  with  more  o?  fess^l'"'™^  «"«ion.  have  b^  .T'^" 
'w^       ^  *^'^**  topography  of  Lake 

,'L.   ,     ,  ''         -  ■  •      ■ 


•> 


"  . 


i 


882 


%  Doc.  18^ 


,...  ,v.'.»^»i 


Superior,  which  is  appended  to  this  repqrt.  and  Which,  H.  is  beUeved, 
contains  ipost  correct  and  valuable  information.  , 

As  vet.  beyond  the  mining  stations  and  the  village  at  the  Sault,  Lake 
SuperW  haJho  towns  or  pk^es  of  business  except  the  points  for 
ffing  the  mineral  products  of  her  soil,  and  receiving  the  supphes 
Ss^V  to  the  subsistence  of  the  men  and  ammals  employed  m  ihe 
eSS,n  oHier  treasures.  Nor  beyond  this  has«he  any  trade  uni,,, 
He  the  exportation  of  her  while-fish  and  lake  trout,  which  are 
inequaUed  brany  fish  in  the  world  for  exceUence  of^  flavor  and 

""'onl^dS^for  merchandise,  or  outlet  for  the  produce  of  this  vast 
lake  and  the  wide  regions  dependent  on  it.  is  the  portage  around  the 
sT,?lf  TrrosT which  every  article  has  to  be  transported  at  prodigioug 
KCrexJense;  wh^as.  by  a  Uttle  less  exclusive  devotion  to 
vZt  S^  deemed  their  own  immediate  interests,  on  the  par  of  the 
individual  States  of  the- Union,  and  a  little  more  activity  and  enter- 
prise on  that  of  the  general  government,  «n  easy  channel  might  be 
Constructed  at  an  expense  so  trivial  as  to  be  mere  y  nommal.  the  res^lts 
of  which  would  be  Advantages  whoUy  incalculable  to  the  commerceof 
all  the  several  States,  to^e  general  wealth  and  well-being  of  Je 
nation,  and  to  the  almost  immediate  remuneration  of  the  ouUay  to  Je 
general  government  by  the  increased  price  of.  and  demand  for,  the 
public  lands  in  those  regions. 


eulogy,  Mineraiogy,  and  Topographu  of  the  laif  aromdLuJce  Sup^ 
by^Lnv^a  TTLckson.  M.  P.,  late  Umted  StatesGeolo^  ard  C^ 
m1  A«ayer  to  th^  State  of  Massachusetts,  and  hteGeohgisttotheSml 
o/MaiZ,  New  Hampshire,  Mode  Island,  atd  for  the  pvlhc  fani^j 
Massachusetts.  ,      f 

Lake  Superior  is  the  largest  sheet  of  firesh  water  on  the  face  of  the 
globe,  and  is  the  most  remarkable  of  the  great  American  lakes,  not  only 
from  its  magnitude,  but  also  from  the  picturesque  scenery  of  its  border^' 
and  the  interest  and  value  attaching  to  its  geological  leatures.   As 
mining  region  it  is  one  of  the  most  important  in  this  country,  andisn,-. 
in  veins  of  metallic  copper  and  silver,  as  well  as  m  the  ores  ot  tlj« 
metals.     At  the  present  moment  it  may  be  regarded  as  the  most  valu 
ble  mining  district  in  North  America,  with  the  excepUon  only  ot  the  go 

deposites  of  California.  ,  -      ,  ,„  ■   j 

This  ffrtJat  lake  is  comprised  between  the  46th  and  49th  degree  ( 

north  laStude.  and  the  84th  and  92d  degrees  of  l^ng^^f^'J^ 

,  Greenwich.    Its  greatest  length  is  400  nules  ^^ts  width  in  the  middle 

/  leo  miles,  and  its  mean  depth  has  been  estimated  at  900  leet.    l  ssft 

face  is  about  600  feel  above  the  level  of  the  AUanUc  ocean,  andite  w 

tomi8  300fetilbelo^tfae^4evcl-oftba^sea.  -Theancient-ErendiJ^ 

Fathers,  who  first  explored  and  described  this  great  lake,  and  mbim 
an  account  of  it  in  Paris  in  1636,  describe  the  form  of  its  shores 
similar  to  that  of  a  bended  bow.  the  northern  shore  bemg  the  arc, 
tl^  southern  the  cord,  while  Keweenaw  Pomt,  projecting  Horn  i 


.,  ..  %■ 


'•m 


*  toe.  i^eJ 


V 


ttatUe  early  e-rnw  """»•>  maps  of  „„f^""''f  ^1"  as  SoS 

Beference  to  a  formRr\T^^   ^^  surveys  with^J^?j    -^^  shores,  and 

"#».  1«49,)  fully  J^^^'  /«t  session,  Ex.  Doc  Sn  «     ^"'^^^  States. 
French  ^xplirers^^fT^'y^'  how  much  wL  L^' ^^^  3d,  WaSfl 
Superior  aid  the  renins  r.;^°«^"PV  and  mheZ^    ''''  *^  ^^e  eX 
notwithstanding  so^fo  J?f^""^^'^«nt ;  .^Erf'^'^^'^  °^  I^^e 

on  the  auneral  refutes  nf  T"^""  muchjiE»«V'^''^^^  ^  do  nS 
shJ>re»ofthehike  ^''^'hepubJic  ia3S|^HK;d  ^  throw  Jight 

Hin^soCXteumai^^    -hole  S;1f»- kinds  and  oT 
hf  es  Jm  the'iSSS  ZT  ^'<^---^rlbi:^^^ 
Ng  crags  oppose  themselvertr.tr'  "^h'^eniural  preao^!?''°?,^ea^ 
preaten  the  unfortnnnfo  J.    •  "^  *"6  surges  of  ,» •^^'^^.'Pces  and  beet-      . 

Hee^hore,  with  ^^  W^i;',^^"  ^^yhfc^lh?i'^'y  ^^«»  «S 
rhort.  are  ^bunSly  S^^"^^^  clestruction.  sfr  ^  «^"^«»  upoa 
stocky  coast;  and  tLfT^*^  J^  the  myriads  of  li***"^^"' °^  hiS! 

Hfe'^  capaciyrsuch  as  Zl  ^  ^^  ««>d  "X  h^£r  T*'*^«  "?«» 
Myhough  liely  vJ^H^^hoats,  schooSs  3  f/°',^^«««^««?" 
^hor#  Keweenaw  SI ''^  ^  Passinrves^r?^    ^^  ^^^e.    Isl^ 
^Copper  haTK'^i^^^^^^^  -  - ^ ':««&  *l^  1^^' 

^  from  the  surf  undfir  t^  .  ^"hor.    AdeauatP  «  I "  ?"d  sh^ter^ 
"d  there  is  tolerable  antl^^  ^^^  °^the  ApDetlPi^^^tion  may  iS 

There  are  b«  few  iS  ' .""?''  «  the  outlet  of^h    f7®'  *^«  !«# 

^  ">ost  remarSlv  w  ?  I'^^  Superior  •  Iw    H^'       ^^ 

>«ndi8let%eTSlvr  v^^^^«?n.X^^  it 

[^«to th^  w^/^^^^nortBg^  s'ho^T^f  ^%dotteTwiti: 

ppjng  over  t6e  lake3«;       '^  surround  Lake  S.,^  • 

H^ly  deep  and  eiX*^  "I^«  ^^s  surf^^  ®2^"Of.  the  wind* 

r  '''e  iake  in  batten.,^ .  "***  j^fe,  on  this  aclionnf^r^  dangerous  to- 
r  ^  order  to  hi  «m  '  .^"^  hence  rov^rf '  '"^^"^^e  far  out 
fe  the  nK>nths  of  J^^i"/^,  *^«  ^and  ll^e  f  "^'??y  hug  t^ 
k'lwarily  safe  •  hL    r  '  "^^^^^  ^d  Au^usT  ihf      *  ®°^den  stSrms! 

^«^  ^  fi^mia,  ?r  I^Ti'^^;  r^  ^toen  of  e,S  "^"^^ 
pare  always  draiirr.*'  *"^mpt  long  travpr^,        ^^Penence  never 

RtMy^Sn fm       '^^  1^^<^d  to  pi^ygg^P%-place.fo 
|^:rTa^:S?i^?^ 


••-h-'  4'  ""ill* 


1 


i'iJ.*'.. 


Wy  mo??  &ts  t^r'^^  ^^2  fe^^^  ^^^^ 
^jl'e  «wd»tone  dSTh.-^^  ''^^  navigator.  On  .f  ^'P«?"«'  apd 
'^^^fromt4Zt:Sw::^l^-ural  or^i^Sh  shor.. 


^-E, 


./y/'   ; 


^/<; 


1284 


H.  Doc.   136. 


-voyageurs.  ^,  ,    „       i   ti^^^o  nr^  hpautifiil  boat  harbors  scattered 

b^the  coast  pflsleRoyale  there  are  be^^^^^  ^     at  its  easterly 

along  its  whole  extent  on  both  !^f  ^^h  pSect  like  fingers  tkr  into 
extremity  the  bng  spits  <>f ''^^^^^^'J^i^^^^^^^^ 

theiake,  afford  abundant  «1?^  ^^^J  j^[,  ^^^^  sheltered  bay 

the  western  end  of  the  island,  there  is  a  large  ana  ^^  j 

called  Washington  harbor.  beware  of  the  gently-shelving 

•  Near  Siskawit  bny  the  «^^'g^^°^  ."^"^' ^^^ero^^^  into  the  lake,  ^.•it 

red  sandstone  strata  which  run  for  many  ™j[«^^"^^^^,      ^„  ,^^  ,,„t,. 

a  few  feet  only  of  water  ^f^Jgi^^^/   ^^fe  harbor  for  any  vessels. 
side  of  the  isknd.  IS  a  large  «"  1  f  ^^^^^^^^^^  a  very  bold  shore, 

and  has  good  holdmg-ground  ^«5 ,  ^"^^f^^^^  at  it^ 

while  the^umerous  J^l-^^/'  ^^^^^  ™  The  whole 

"'^^To'f  tCbt  il  nTu  S  kc&f  thfbay  of  Naples,  though  there 
-Cjt  ^^t  the  baek-gr-l^^^^^^^  , 

place  so  well  calculated  to  restore  lut^         fever-breeding  soU  ofthe 
^uflered  from  the  d^P^f  ^^^^  ™?,Tlw^^^  the'Sault 

southwestern  States.    In  ^^IJ^^;^^^^^^^^^        Zt  on  Keweenaw  Poin^ 
Ste.  Marie,  mercury  not  .""fr^^^^^^'J^^^^^  ofthe  air,  the  cold  is 

where  the  waters  oUhe  l^^J^^/emper  t^e^c^^^^^^^ 

not  excessive,,  and  those  ^.^^  ^?„^/rZi.,  than  in  the  New  Xla 


"'r^.-"°^;tr'onttneX.mar  roads, -the  sleds  and  sleighs  s<«o 
jedgstrian,  while,  on  the  n^^^^  ^.^^  ^^^  froli,^,  during  Je 

fceat  a  track,  on  which  gf^^^/;^''^  tlhern  latitude.    From  researches 
W  winter  ^vemngs  of  tb^^^^^^^^^  ^^^^^^  t^perature. 

whrph  I  have  made,  it  appears  tnai  i        ^  experimentt! 

Copper  Harbor,  on  Keweena^^^^^^^^^^ 
'"  .       T)S"Tahte^reto^"n  to  preserve  a  constant temperat; 

native  copper  been  transported  far  from  their  native  ^eds  ana    pj 
S^duVrS^e  shore  '.t  diLi*places  5  but  even  amrn^^^^^^^^^ 
TCl8,  rabbits,  deer,  moose,  caxibou.  and  "l^rs,  have  j       6^, 
Se  waters  of  Lake  Superior,  and  been  landed  on  islanas 


I    *'      1     '"V'  • ».    ''     '/ 


Wr  place,  wh^t  I'S^,  V'^'^  ''"^i"*oalr;r^'»  '"^^*  ^-i? 
■fee  early  Freneh  «SS,t"r  "■•  "^^^  '  '"P'"^'  ">e 

mJlsses  of  native  mn^^^  ^  ,^^®*^ced  the  far.*    c  i 
A«  fac«  ,„  Z^,l:':^J'-:\by  .tfft-fce.'but  tv''"'?°««»S  of 
bsrier  on  the  rivers     r,        '"."  ''eposites  of  mM,.    •  ^  ?""*  no  uil  of 
ln>ce«  that  my  ^ilJ^Jf  ^y  MowiL  heS  ?  ""■  '"'''^  Xh 

.0  fever,  SuiZTk^Zfi'^'^'^'^M.f.^ZV'""!  '^^ 
which  have  scr  aston,-«),ri    ,      *°  ^^e  countrv   tu  ^^  ^"d  1845 

.which  subsequenXtrt    i'^'u^^^W  by  S'  ^'i^^^/^uable  m^t,' 

«^^inXi;^?i<^^'^^^  S-  Ma. 

^r  the  work,  howevS  1     *^^  ^"^^ance  to  the  r«i      *^^  ^'"^^^r's  ice 

)out  hall'a  miJe.*  The  rZ  T  ''^"^'t  approach  th^  r'^^y^d.    Ves- 
per to  that  distance  and  I'^T'  *^^^«^re  be  eli^i"  nearer  than 

Aijust  be  WhastorJI        u^*"™  «^  thp  ice  bS!l  "^  """^  ^*«  the 

h  «g^st  perpendicu  W  ^  ''^  '^  »fe  ov;r  'h^'"'  ^.^^^s,  or     ^ 

hper  slope,  or  bevel  t?;T  ^^^^-     This  is  to  h!  i^™'  ^'^  not  to 
d break VtopieS'   bI'u^^^''  ««  that  the  ice  tT  ^7^'^'ng  a 

k  be  sufficiently  protect  f"''^"*^^^  the  harbor  "n/"  "^^  "P  them 

r  *e  of  the  ™1V-   ""Penor,  and  the  inr„l       J? "  »"''  increase 
f'M,„bdS,Z  f  "'"-  pouring  tatoJh„^u™l^  »»  weSS 

"«t7  see  the  trade  of  Hud-  ^ 


■-*  1  ',     ■  ff'-      IK 


'I  '      -'      1 


,  i 


•■  ■,  .1 


If't  ■ 


M 


k 


'•♦ 


v:    i 


'4»    I 


_  tf!  ©oc.  186; 

Js  bay  flowing  into  the  «ed  ^^tates,^^^^ 

our  other  great^l^^s  «nd  nvers.    For  that^ej^y  ^^  J 

canoe  voyage  from  Lake  SyP^"^^^^^^',  cSSy  carry  on  constant 
long,  so  iat  the  Bjf  ^^  H^.^^^,^^^^^  posts  upon 

conununication  with  their  f^^^^^yf^.^h-  British  iwsts  in  Oregon  travel 
Lake  Superior;  and  their  agents  ^^^p  Pa^f^ ^^'^^^^ 

from  theiTstations  on  the  bofd^^^  ^^.fe  r^v^J^^  ^bis 

son's  bay  and  ^^^  ^upen^j^  then:  ^^^^«^.^^^^^^  undervalued 
northern  region  has  P^^^^unately  been  ^  ^       .^^^^  ^^^^^^  -^ 

It  is  now  ^«ow^  be  one  of^^^^^^  aredepositesof  na- 

America;  and  it  should  oe  ooru«  MoKenzie's  rivers,  in  the  same  kinds 

T  TthrcoS'hf  :tu;:S  tL  metal  on  Keweenaw 

of  rock  that  cont^  tne  si  p  ^^^  ^^^^  ^^^^  ^  ^^ 

Pomt  and  the  Ontonagon  rivers     r.      y  ^^   ^^^^^^ 

popuktion  farther  northward.  jUte^^^^^^  ^^  .J^^^^^^ 

seal-skins  wiU  be  brought  nejer  to  ^^  ^y  ^nt^rP       g  ^^^^^  ^^^^^^ 

%tlS^e  i  tv^ome  TnZ  pubh?  faith  is  setded  on  the  vdue 
Ihe  tune  is  uuw  cui  .mderstood  that  good  working  nnne» 

of  mineral  P^^^d^^^rf^/^tid,^^^^^^^  and'miners, 

axe  sure  to  <^«™™7/^  .^^^^^^g  i^^^^^      no  greater  risks  of  failure  than 
since  It  IS  proved  that  mmm|  IS  lia^^^^^  precaution  *e  exercised 

^y'ZlZ^^:i:t:^^^ro^  ^^^  ---  and  i.  working tl^^ 
to  advantage. 

EOCKS  OF  LAKB  SUPBRiqE  LAND  DISTRICT. 

0«  approaching  .he  Sa^  S^^^^^^  ^  ^,  ^^l'  St 
g«JogUt  h^  an  .«PP^"f'7.^,tre^7|ai„t  Jolph's  island,  ^i\ 
strata,  hy  observuig  that  .*^,™^»™*' "',^^8  of  the  Pevoniaii  ml 
the  other  ?"f «»"» jf  !i^J>''Sby  w^h  *"  'oJk  i,  deteS,i.S 
^tT^^^jS^l^Sr e'of  Sfa/h^,  been  S^yP-f';';:! 

"fS^.SgL,a.ythegd.nd«r^^ 


are  above  Devonian  rocks,  and  therelor^  c. ""rtw«fl,tobek 

^S;  whUefrom  their  bthological characters  they  a^^^^^^ 
to  the  Permian  system  of  VerneuS  "^"IMurch  so^^^^ 
nr*.  afiP  thcK  red  and  gray  sandstones  dippmg  at  a  genue  m^ 


^-  Jyoc   136. 


jmt  would  be  required  to  m  t      l  *         '  ^^ 

a  Maiy's  river.  ^  ^  ""^^  ifiem  dip  beneath  th    v 

This  question  is  one  of  «^       ■  ^^'*^"^  °« 

Lake  Superior  were  L  L   ^  ""Po^ance ;  since  if  tl, 

»«P.  they  would  bel^^f'^'n"  ^"^neousiy  X^ed  of  T ^^'"""«  °^ 
-^logical  scienrT      j®^  ^  accordance  with  1  '  ^  ^'^^  ^^otidan, 


^oup, 


«'""f »  "'«=J'  would   be  n,u  r.f    II  ""*^"usjy  aiieaprl  ^^  *i-   T.       °  "^ 

of  geological  scienrT  j®^  ^  accordance  with  1  '  ^  ^'^^  ^^otidan, 
Wwn  laws  of  dev;,^^  T"^^  break  i^^tt  '  ^'^^^^^^1^ 
Ini^.//««1hes^^*7  ^^^'•^t^^nd  of  order'^5^"*"^'^^^  ^^'t 
iente  of  "those  of  No^^^T  '^^  h^^^^periorZe  th  '"P^^-Po««ion. 
those  on  Lake  SuperW  n  ''I'  "^^^'^  tarrocks  of  th  ''''^'*  ^'^"^^a. 
results  as  I  have  E°W'  '^'^^^  «  ^^^p^dLfrt'T\^Se  as. 
mines  of  Lake  SuZti^u^^''"^'''^  «  my  renon,  1^  u'''^^^^^  ^^^  same 

c^per.  with 'JelTonal  t^  ^"  '"^^  ^^^^^^  moreVr^^^  «"^ 
stone  smr  presents  amf    P^^^^^s  of  silver.   ^JVnS«*  ^^^  native 

callthatof  LakeSuSn    V  '^«"^t«  ^^  any  part  0^4  ^^'^^"^  ^^d- 
and  to  nourish  f^seT^''^^'^"^^"^^'"' is  bm^^^^^^^^  «nd  to 

M  occur,  while  a  Ln^^'  "^^^^^^n^^opper  anrf  i^,'''^  P^?P^«  astray, 
duce  the  most  mfsc&'"""  T'^"^^d?C^sefelp  ^'^  ^^"^«  ^^  ^^^s 
proper  to  noticeT^^^^^j^T^^'  ,  ^'^  account^Tr  ^^?  P">- 
tation..  ^"""^  ^^ch  would  nototherw^^"  h'     ^""T^  *ho"gbt 

Leaving  the  Sault  and  r       ■  ^  """"^^^  *^^^^^- 

I  "'i^sTi-t^z^'^f ^^^^    tcS':,7sVY^^  «^  ^'^  ^^^^. 

and  Dead  rivers  ^iT^P*?'^'  ^^^^  extend  from  ^k"^*?^'  ^"^  ^ben 
'"ek.andchloS^l^"!^,^^^^^  g^^nt  f^Ts  swfV^  ^^^^-P 
ain  masses  of  exce  W  ^''/^  ^°"P  «*  primar^rn;t  "^I.  bornblend 
I  Tiese  mountaSolwT'"^^  ^^^orel^^l^^'  -^^  ^^^  °^«"nt- 
k  ^y  ^-  ^^e^lXTor-  .or^inally  e?pS  ^37^-  T^^' 
to  them  in  1845  Tho  ^'  ^  ^^e*  who  first  rS  1^^  ""^  ^''^c- 
iocke,  and  Dr.  W  JJ^^'"-  «"^«^q"enti7USri^''T."«^"^«" 


> 


Kextendimr  alld.«      "*  sandstone  periecdv  Stf  ^,^3^  ^e  fiad 
r"'«i  at  Sg^n^riv^^  *«  Bete  Gr"s.     S t^^^"^'  or  at  meet 


:i._l 


i 


'.t-  •        :-.   T       '^  r     i'        pi,-.' 


■4,-Vi!,N 


^188 


W  D6C.1M. 


Nf 


covered  in  a  piece  of  the  limestone  brought  to  me  by  one  of  my  assis^ 

^At'L^^t'BeUe  and  at  Mt.  Houghton  the  trap-rocks  occur,  and  ride 
over  th?^  Ldstone  strata  after  parsing  between  their  layers ;  and  ^t 
Mt  Houghtpn  the  igneous  agency  of  this  trap-rock  has  changed  the  fine> 

^'tt  t^t  Betfon  ff/mian  mountain,  we  have  regular  veins  of 
the  iav  sulphuret  of  copper,  containing  a  certain  proportion  of  sulphuret 
SXJr  Mines  haveXen  opened  on  this  hUl,  but  have  not  thus  far 
^oved  successful,  since  tke'ore  requires  preparaUon  by  machinery  not 

n^^':  RTsi  mSSTfol  sheet  of  water,  bordered  by  mount- 
ains^r  steep  hills,  such  as  Mt.  Houghton  and  Bohemian  mountmn, 
wh  le  on  the  soutR  the  horizontal  plains  of  sandstone  stretch  away  in 
SdisS^ce  and  are  covered  with  a  growth  oi  forest  trees.    Leav-mg, 
Lac  la  BeUe,  we  pass  down  a  serpen^ne  stream  which  enters  the  great 
I^e.     Thai*  following  the  coast,  we  pass  beneath  frowmng  crags  ^d 
vtk  the  falls  of  the  Little  Montreal  stream.     All  this  coast  consists  of 
Jrap-rocks,  and  of  a  kind  of  porphyry  or  compact  red  feldspar.  h\ 
co^^vebs  of  any  value  occur  on  the  coast  this  side  of  tlie  pom 
thJS  m^y  companies  haye  wasted  their  money  m  attempts  to  wor^ 
cSeom  spar  veL  t^^e  perfectiy  dead  lodes,  or  fr,ee  from  copper. 
ItXe  extJiity  of  the  point,  agates  axe  found  in  amygdaloidal  tn.p. 
rocS  andon  the  ^hoVe  iS  the  form  of  roUed  pebbles. 

D^ubUng  the  cape,  we  soon  pass  Horseshc^  cove  arid  reach  CoppeJ 
harbor,  thisite  effort  Wilkins,  and  one  of  the  first  places  where  (.^ 
^r  o?e  was  noticed  by  the  French  Jesuits;  since  whose  time  . 
?^er  been  known  to  the  voyageurs  on  the  lake  under  the  name  ot  i 

•   ^^WhU^^constructing  the  fort  at  Copper  Harbor,  numerous  bouldersj 

black  oide  of  copper,  a  very  rare  ore  of  that  metal,  were  discove.^ 

and  before  long  a^VeiA  of  thfs  valuable  ore  was  discovered  in  thec«J 

riomerate  rocks,  near  the  pickets  which  encloie  the  parade  gro. 

&wS  f^und  to  be  a 'Continuation  of  the  vem  called  the  « 

«^  RrWaves's  Point,  and  was  immediately  opened  by  the  Bos^ 

^  ?itK  mS  Company.    Unfortunately,  however,  the  vd 

^as  ^n  croffVas  I  had  ventured  to  predict  it  would  be,  by  ah^ 

7ZZoi  fine-grained  red  sandstone,  which  is  not  cupriferous    Thej 

th^v^b  was  found  to  consist  wholly  of  calcareous  spar,  and  ot  ea 

minerals  of  no  economical  value.  p    i„  „» 

ThTminers  were  then  transferred   to  the  chff  near  Earie  m 

whe^S  surveyed  a  valuable  vein  of  "ative  copper,  mixejw^ 

ver     TWs  vein  has^ince  been  fully  proved,  and  is  one  of  the  won f^ 

Ae  worW ;  there  being  solid  masses  of  pure  copper  in  the  vein,  of  nfl 

than  100  tons  weight  each,  besides  masses  ot  smaUer  size  no 

narts  of  the  vein.    Thb  mine  has  produced  about  900  tons  of  cop 

Egrte_q:  me  vem.     X..  Lj.mhl«  coDDcr  mmesjn  the 


S^almuM,kn^iroiiepftfaetwwiY^  ^. 

S?  T  b  a  regular  metallic  vein,  in  amygdafoMlal  trapn^k,  wh 
Series  the  coSipact  trap-nK^k  that  caps  the  hiU.  Jh«^F^^;1 
the  finest  locations  for  min  ng  purposes  that  J, ^^.Tof  S^3 
exposed  in  the  face  of  a  cliff  300  leet  above  the  level  ot  ttw  80uu»^ 


•^- 


'i  '       -  »f 


'  «    'I      Jt  'I 


blanch  oC^agle  river.     This  vpJn      k  "^^ 

disclosing  Its  real  vni.,*.      *  ^^°»  "'^hen  first  rIiV«,       »  ' 

wide  at  L  top  or  If  ^ur  ^  ^^T "^^<^"W  vefe!!l^'.  ^^  &r  f^m 

copper  and  sil  „ot  f.'^^.^^^^^ed  to^maif ^5""*^  "*  ^^^^^ 

n»«8;    About  ];^*walS^°""?S^  ^°  «ore  t£n H  ^^^  P^^icles  br 

to  be.a  foot  an5f hS^vSp"  '^,"  ""^^'^^  vein  of?rZv  """*•  «*"  ^^e 

^  copper  and  sptae  Xer     j;  "^^  T*^"«d  five  an/ffc?  ^'^  ^"""^ 

into  the  lower  part  of  the  clfe  '^^"S^^  ^orfh  while  to  1,^'  ""'f'  «^ 

of  the  ve  n,  it  ought  to  £  frZ  T^^""^' ^^^°^ding  to  the  1?  '^"^e  ^^evel 

at  mj  sdggestiof,  ahd  a  m^n^*'  "^  ^^««  ^et  wide  "'tu^^  "^^^^^^'^^ 
many  lumps  of  sJ)lifI  n«    magnificent  lode  o^rnnrl*     ^'^^s  ^^as  done 

^e^  witf  the  vS-l^r  "on°^  .\--"  ^^n^-d^^^L^^^^^ 

metaUw  copper  was  ^Zf  V       ,  ^"'^^°g  a  shaft  nt  t?*^^  •  ^'"^^  ^und 

the  chasm,  and  i^menTM°?^  *°  °^^"Py  nearlv^h'  Pu°\"'  ^^«  ^oW 

by  the  miners!  whrrii^'t^^^^^PPera^^^^^^^  of 

mouth  ofthe  shal  Cj^^^mg.Ievels  300  or  J± V'°^J^^«^ein 
,  ore,andn)ckrichin  .^^?'*"^"^^es  "f  lumps  of^  ^®'  iJelow  the 
iK)w  raised,  thSst  h?^^^,r^^«  of  copT  Iv  ?P^^  P«"«d  barrel 
andwashingTeoi-T?K'.^«*^"^PoTan^^^^^^  V  ^'      t      '        ^    ''     T 

J&tith  CUffauTZdJ^X.  *""  "ne  ™d  of  the^iliS'"-.  ^«  North 
(mewd soJrckrTa^"'^'"'  °"  "^ch  their  mininf  "'  •°'"«'  "■« 
|«U  m«ch  to  tCS;   f "'  P''^«''«  in  '"cTeSl  operations  com-  ■ 


1**  .^•■■•■•■■i-'l 


I#«^i         ^ 


?^' 


^:  Dbci   1^. 

.    The^e'is  dso't  min?,  owM^  fcy>e  NorAwestem  Cot 
the  Copper  Falls  mine,  in  thCrear  of  Eagle  Harbor,  whif 
m  native  copper,  but  Ido  nol^now  its  present  condition. 
A  mineT£  also  oAted  aJ^agle  Harbor,  whidi  gave 
^f  copper  mixed  with  laum(fl|ite;  but  lhe^:hiiny  as  d  _^ 

^uax^fLdvfas  else  to  the>ater8^c#|*^l«^It  wa^tteVe^^^ 
^nfloA  and  was  consequft^y  abaii^|^  by  tli|  mm^^^ 


tp  Washin^oijft 


fa« 


^  thf  laxgpcoUectii 
liey  We  now  to  be  seen 


IfoMhfi 


,„  9^ogue  of  the  ciSleNttiott'^  imide  for  I 

m&i  sent  by  me,  as  a  part  of  my  report, 

^^ftterior;  but  it  has  not  been  printed, 

j^ttble  part  d^  my  report,  w»d  is  absolutely  I 

K  iii»  lUK  «ii4erstanding  thereof,  and  %  learning  the 

S^Tmid  valiite  of  each  specimeji  in  the  ^^Uection  made 


tfibu^ll 
>^Decea 

^turi&i^ 

^"^'^TS^ks  whfii  contain  native  copper;  on  Keween^  Point,  are  of| 
ihat^Ualled  amygdaloidal  trap,  which  is  a  vesicul^  rock,  forme 
bv  the  iAfusipn  Df  sandstone,  and  trap-rock,  and  is  tip  product! 
.  X  comb^tiolof  the  two  gaseous  bubbles,  or  aquepus  fftpors,  wk^ 
ig^^X^  it  into  a  sort  of  scoria  at  the  time  of  its  formation.   It. 
^^^&is  rock  that  w«?  find  the  copoer-beaxing  prehnite  ajM  otherva 
mes  peculiar  to  the  copper  lodes.    In  Nova  Scotia  the  game  fat 
^re  oEved  by  Mr.  A|er  and  myself,  only  that  there  the  coRjeM 
-Zre  abundant  in  the  brecciajed  traj),  or  a  trap  tuff,  which  hes  beta 
Se  amygdaloid.    Ptehnite  does  nOt  occur  m  %a  Scotia  trap,  buuj 
JiT  stead  we  find  arialcinie,  laumdnHe,  and  stilbite,  as  the  nuneral 

'  •  accomoanying  the  native  cfepper.         *^      .    .,        '  ,        , 

oTSsle  Royale  we  have  phenomena  similarto  those  Pbservedi 

^e^freenaw  Point:  long  befts  9^  ^^'^^^'aZ    JTtArJJ" 
^merate  of  coarse  wjter-worn  pebbles,  and  strata  of  find  red  s 

Bl.    '^  The  trap-rockd  rest  pn  the  strata  pf  sandstpne,  alter  passing  bet 
^thinstrataTandattheUneofco^^^^^^^^^^ 


^e  have  an  atnygdaloidal  structure  developed.    It 
the  trap-rock  was  poured  over  the  sandstone  stra 
was  submerged,  and  that  Pther  b^ds  pf  ^nasjpne  - 
itv  60  that  if  this^g^.  the  case,  we  shpuldia* 
.deppsites;  but  in  ^«|  places  it  appears  as 
the  strata,  and  ipPI  itself  through  the  sa 
Whatever  4nay  be  the  theory  of  this,  it  is  certt^ 
■gtrafl^md  the  direction  of  the  included  trap-n 


fners 
morel 


Kew^naw  Point  we  have  veins  cutting  across 
the  strata,  and,  of  course,  of  the  trap  range,  «r, 
**acrossthecovtaryr  while  on  Isle  Roy  ale  th^  wv^„^» 
«uenUy  run  parallel  with  th^  trap  ranges,  or  "«^A/A«  ^««7-, 
JOn  Isle  Roy  ale,  as  near  the  Ontonagon  river,  on  the  soath  s 

'  ,  lie-  '    >  ■ 


ibable 

jthe' 

isited  np 

^  icea^n] 

liad  elev 

aiain  fa 

strike  of  I 

samer 


-^massive  epidote  is  fK«        "  -  't^, 

Pundant  mineraJ  f^      f  Piclote,  and  at  nZf  ^^^'^  harbor  on 
are  the  prevS/^'^?'^  ^«   t^^e  vein«        '^^J  ^"aWed  afte?t?f 


pi>T4he  lower  edgeofThp  n  ??"^-  ^^  ^ater  «f    i '''^'''  ^^ch 
"■es attached  to  cords  Lu-f  T  ^^'""S  anchoreS  )      °^°"'  ^00  fee? 

[f'.fda,^  drawn  in  tK"'?*  %ht  ^^ooj     t£"^  ^^^^'^aj^: 
F^«8kawit  weighs  frJm  r''""^^-  '^  ""^^^  are  sef. 

^  mte  inhabitants 

f"®     of   1JT»Q*     .'.-l  ,& 


d^ 


^ 


S^  Doc.   186* 


%^  *r' — ' 

.„d  a  few  l.-dy^'^J^^Xt^erh'^^rtacSr^d 
rt^  oats,  barley,  and^*^"^- V^„  ;„  nlaces  not  too  much  exposed 
gdian  corn  of  fhe  --f^:;;:C^^::fSnv^n.^  ,  English  gra^s 
to  the  chUl  breezes  «f  ^^^^i^^' Xv  wSl  undoubtedly  thrive  as  well 
have  not  yellbeen  cf  ^vated,  l^ut^  h^^^^^^  ^^^  Brunswick  and  Nova 
on  the  south  shore  of  ^a^e  Supem^^a^  and  good,  but  are  hmitedto 
Bcoua.  The  n^itive  grasps  are  abunu^^  i\,dging  froto  the  luxu- 
emaU  natural  prairies  or  to  dned  ^P  J^  ^  yeflow  birch  and  other 
riant  grolvth  of  forest  trees-such  as^£f^^^  ^l^^.ld  judge  Aat 

and  province.                              ,    ^^  immediate  coast  of  the  lake.ra- 

TUe  xvho  have  only  viewed^^^^^  ^  tangled  growth  of  small, 

«pciallv  that  now  densely  covereu  undervalue  the  agn- 
SsVruceahdfirUe^^^^^^^^^^ 

cultural  resources  «f  ^^^ '^f ""  etation  only  near  its  shores,  andtk 
air  from  the  lake  affects  the  vegewi        ^^      ^^^  ot  Canada  and 
^fe^^^r  inland  the  t^ngemt,^^  TWsisJ 

"V  ^  northern  part^  ^'^TL^f?!^  and  the  flowering  plants,  but  ak, 

tural.produce  raised  "P^^.A^^^ 'S;h  excellent  timber  for  buildingpor- 
The  forests  also  are  6"^^,  Yg'^^-  ^^i^ed  trees,  such  as  sugar-mapkJ 
poses;  and,  where  the  g^J^^^^^^^^         yeUow  pines  are  of  large ^ 
Cuow  birch,  and  P^f  ^'J^^^^^S  for  sawing  into  bo^ds,  n  anks,  aj 
tensions,  and  furnish  %^l^^^^^^-it  present  of  senain^  sa^ 
deals.    Though  there  ^«J^^^^^^  £ke  country,  t|f^timev 

boards  from  Lake.  Superior^toth^>     ^^^^^  ^^  commerf^  imp 
■  come  when  this  valuable  timber  J  .^  ^^^  ^^^^  canalpowf 

-Tll^^r^S^orBriUsh^re^^^^^^ 

Utde  explored,  either  g^o  ?g^f '^^^^^^^^     spangles  of  native  silver,  anJ 

or  sulphuret  of  zinc,  "f  J-^^^^^^ren  dLovered  at  Pnnce  s  b^ 

vein  of  sulphuret  of  copper,  have  ^  ^^^^  ^^^  ^^^  ^^ 

the  north  sUe,  not  far  fr^"^  ^^^^^^^^^      of  this  mine,  but  at  the  tJ 

has  been  made  in  dev^oP^'ig  the  c^       ^^^.^^  ^^  ^.^^     „ 

when  I  examined  it,  «^^J®*^\^e  northern  shores  is  mlhferahd 

a  general  thing  the  ^^PPer  on  th"  n  as  gW  » J 

sulphur,  and  bccurs  as  yeUow  copp      fj         ^^^^  shore andooJ 

.      iSurets  of  copper,  while  the  copper  on  t  ^^^^^^  ^^j 

-         tt^^aleis^iostfyinthemeta^cs^e^an^^^^^^^    This  is  a  rernar  J 


&ii|«S:S^l'&-t.  s-vi-3  ■'.  1 


m  the  intermiCre  oiT"^^^^^  «««ociations  of  ^^ 

being  PerfecUy  [1^^"  •?.  '^^^^^  w?h  nl  ^  ^^^^^^  is  here  oh 
-  This  singular  coni^-^"*  ^'^'^out  any  lurF^'^  ^^PPer,  the  m  ''^"^^ed 

and  from  aJI  we  fc„orV"u^''«^«^erSi.^I?  y  "'^  Aeirlfcf «  ^nd. 

the  native  copper  w^  ""^  *^^  affinities  oV   °^-?°"«'  f^omeL     '^^P^ 
Aithou^hlhav^^-^  not  injected  in  °^"^^taJs  for  eTu    P^^'^ent,' 

""-s'lS  :r"""'"  ^*^^^  -s»"i 

iavmg  a  somewhat  rri  ^  .S^^obein  a  moI?«       ''^^^  thrown  ,m  r^® 
Pvemaes,  while  itrien^^.^^^^^^e  wi^th  ofe  t[^  "^^stleZu 

kfc  Z,     ''  '"  "»  "dnitv     T^  ^»i^^  "liners  SfJ-''^ '»'''«« 

t  .»er  dies  out  in  the  vJSt'',^^^*-    It  wJ?  ^"°^n  to  the 

P«'n!liffrenf.K.,_.  ^^J^P^orations  now  r..- 

tauthority  of  Z  f?S',S*'«Pon.the 


•  < 


n*1    -    •  '' 


"f^r^'jr 


ui 


m: 


.      ...««■  fe^Wrverst  a!»d  to  them  we  owe 

Experienced  ^^^^_^Jl^SSKflm7re  not  often  sufficiently  acquainted 
much  valuable  °b«^^S^„^r^eSable  them  to  judge  of  the  value  of  ^ 
with  geology  and  ^^W '^^^"^  are  hot  familiar  ;  and  they  cannot 
mine  in  a  countty  X);^  th  ^h^-^^  they  ^       ^^^  observations  mtelligible 

describe  what  they  d'^^^^^.^i^'^  ^,e  „^^^  assistants,  but  poor  principal, 
or  valuable  to  others.  Mmers  are  g  j^^m^g^mment  employs  her 
in  any  geol^ical  survey      H^^eth|^^^  Cpiada,  and 

Xts  th4^t  a^d^tnf Tolcomplisl.  in  a  proper  manner  the. 

importarH^drk.  rt>,plike  as  betbre  observed,  we  finjd  moat 

bn  tlie#thern  sbo>:e«  ot  the  ^^^;i\^^  ^      ,ocHs,  on  the  s^tf. 

commoiafOie  ores  of  copper  ,wm  jhe  ores  which  have 

LaUe  Superior,  fjj  a     ^  Canadian  neighbors  as  soon 

TK'&Ts'^St:a"ra^^ris  .o  be  hope*  v,m  pro«.f 
Te.?"— ge  u>  the  two  counme.  ^  ^  ^^^^ 

:%     '"%..  '       —  ■ 

THE  UKES.-dENEBAL  VIEW.  , 

This  is  a  brief  and  raiM^og-^ 
waters,  strangely  adapted  bfthe4mn^^^^  incoilparable  the 

^       channel  of  an  mla>^avi^ion^  U^^^^  ^  ^^  ^^^^^^  ^^^  mpro- 
world  over;  throug^pgi«P  "'^     T%  .      g  ij    productions  oi  thel 

auctions  of  all  l^^^xt^rprl^^^^^^^^ 

forest,  production.  ll^wfScerW  and  animA  health,  aboun jd 

eatA-regions  ovei-a^  w^th-eere^^^^^^^^  ^^^^  an^  minerals^ 

in  tJie  molt  truly  val«al^v»^  ""^^^^^^^  covmtnes  o  t^ 

,    .^ad.  iron,  copper,  coal-beyond  tne^^^ 

fobe;  regions^b^*^!^  ^^^^l^^'^'oP  ^„d  the  v^  of  th^ 

productions  whereof  must  '^^^^f  £ .  • 

theif  tra#pdrtation.  ^ ,  c     ^^^  hiherio  so  IHtle  regarded,  so  i 
,^.  Aii/I  di«  country,  the^wa^.h«^^^  ^^^  ^^^  ,  ^^ 

flularly  neglected,  the  ^°»P°^^°^?  "J^^  thousand  of  the  ciuzensof 
.iTmucb  as  susaected  by  one^an^^^^^^^  ^  ^^^^^^^^  ,„d  act 

miUion  five  hundred  and  ^'"'^^f'^^'^^^'S^  enrolled  tonnag^ 


% 


-  an'^aS^^lt^-^"^?^  -ne  hundred    '  .  ^^^ 

can  be  ascertained,  "hal  Ih     ''^'"'"erce,  it  would  n 

^  together,  of  9  469  506%''"  '  ?^^^^^  ^  alS"''  "^  "^^^-^^  a. 
the  same  ports  9.456  o4fl»    ^°"'  ^"""ff  the  £^'''^  '"^^  ^"  the  fake 
four  entrances  of  \te  ^^-^how        an  av'e^Se'^^^-^^ared  a^ 
0(jhc  above  amount  nr      ^'^  tonnage  durina  tt^    °^  ''^a^  fortv- 

The  returns  of  the  coasJ„^"""t"  '^'-  ^^ore^^      ^^'^'^^^'458  went 
ulisatisfactorvr,   as  n^^    V      ■?  trade  are  {lL,, 

mro^mati7ns  ZlTctT'  ^^^-ateV^nSr^  ?P-^^-t  and 

*estuseha|>,enmIdeTf;^  "^'"^^^  at  under  th^^-"" '^^" '  ^"t.  as 
,  «  cannot  ^aDDPnr!  *^^  ^^tufns  receiwJj  "'^t  ^''"^"mstances  thf 
[MJ„?PS,|^^8e.o  those  „:^^^^^^^^ 

1;  Aawding  to  tbesp  !*•     "^'    '  "^aieiy  conversant  with 

\m,  $,132,017.47o!  n^n^'^^'^'  »he  coasting  tr.  ]     •  ' 

of  W0.m518    wb.rfj'"?"^'  «182,455  ^fi     *l ''  ^'^^'^^d  into  ex 

ofimportaMtC^^^^^  higher  ra'te  of  valLP^'^^' '^'^aSce! 

Jagricu]ttire,l||for^f,^  1?  \  °^  Exportation    orl-       ^^'°"  at  the  place 
he;  wherea^'';^'^,^  a^easX  'V' r^'^^^o^of 

Jmerchandise,  iJlMn       ^''''^"'''  "^  articJes  Tf-^  Valued  at  a  correrf 

lie  induced  to  a  corredKev  IT^^^  "^^'^^•^^  of  gSv^  ^'^^  "'^"^^^^^ 
I  The  discrepancv  thin      ^  ^^^"^^  grocery,  can  scarcely 

Kng  fixeHT^te^^^es  from  the  vaJ^^^^^^^  ^ 

pluch  vaJuation  is  ihp  S        ^^^ure  at  one  norJ   '  "  °^/r  ^^^^^es  per 

HgeDtoney,  passeiE^  ^""'^'"5^  o^er  the  Jafcp«  ^J'^'"^'  ^^^^g  the 
Mngin^d,?  W^r  ^.^^Ed.  cost  of  vesSj?'  """^""^  ^'"^JudW 
|a,?untof  S^^-^e.^^^^  "'''  -P-sesofcrewT 

i  1851,  amounted  to  l  SSnwT^  "^^^  transported  ri„.-       l 
Neat^mounting  to  wS  ^^''^^'  "^  ^ou?,  Ss  ?i  o?.''^  V^««°« 


..'•'i' 


■     / 


'  .1    ''111.''.  .  .'*      t      '; 


r,    ^' 'I      ,  .  I. 


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P™  bushels  of  Karlev.;,,  ''''"''■  l.«9Wa8  hntt  .     '^'"''""''els 


■'Wcl.  of  traffic  7;;  "  ??  87,382,601  bushel,  'r*  "'^  ™'^!  ™d 

rpaeiishenes,  aiid^ri^  ^^P^oitation  of  the  rJT^F^^  ^*«3^ 
^«?  of  transportSn  .     '•'"^'"^  *«  %ht  of  allnT  '',  *^^  P^^^^cu- 
r,^  and  pVXtS,  ^"'J"«^  'tnmigrf tion   imn,"    "^^  resources- 
ry%atb?S^?^^?^  ^'^^^e  tto^w"?'^^*'««  improving 
H*ac^  ""^^-^^W  the  wealth,  the  S  S*t>^°r  ^ A  a^ 

I    ^        .  ,^       ^' "^^  the  happiaess  of 


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r 


fyipeny  coming 


AlticlM. 

-. — ^^-^ 

»«-M»lt.T 

■*<■■ 

IVoAMit  of  .wood^-.' 
Bowb  lod  tcantlinff 
aiiglw .t!?. 

£t« •— .'. 

i*«,lwtMidpeari"."! 

AOUCirLTDRC. 

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H/  Doc.  Hie. 

No.  7. 


«67 


!!rr:j^?'=!>'«sr"".— 


:''  ^i'' 


Artiolet. 


THE  rottKUT. 


,'"^*^ --pound.. 

■«»■ 


ii,iae 


i,wi 


Plradoet  of , wood— I 
Botidi  ud  •cantlW  ft^    (.„  II  I  I        — '^' 

-pound..      ail'i^         ^^•'»92       232^     ,  J'SP       .  J«^ 


lUtf. 


AOMCIJLTVRa. 

.    Aodwt  of  aninuUa— 

'     J"~ barrel«.| 

JjH^ : poufld*. 

jl«i  "■ •» ---do... 

wS: do... 

ISr do... 

I™"": do... 


^..,;-i-d,  I   4S  ....^r.   ..^^   ^.^«     i.« 


388 


8 


2,081' 


IIW . 

\Z: do.   '   ^^^ 

ISr do... 

'*™ •••■biuhelf 

do.. 


19 

6,000 

1»,788 

700  I 
98,030  I I -I      I544«i' 


4,898" 


mi43  :::;^::: 


oS?J     343,982  1         7,689  1 
A475  I     684,880 

■ '■    70.176  r'"V;9e9 


>ao...| 

tfl"'^*^- tfJlon... 

,"■ -...do.../ 

^"•'••'••— --.poandt. 

■•dq... 


90 


3,60^ 


>000, , 

21,416 ...,: 


64,896 
56 


68,679' 


21,132 


i.ioi' 


J0,470 

dm' 

2,200 


2,806' 


2,860" 


1,126' 


13,966 
184,638 


;»««»,iardv.....pooBd,.i    ii8«> 

''-■■*"''d^"-    i«w'|::::::--|---^  ,Jiig 


'^'i'&m^it 


356,151 
8 
3,3S« 


19 

6,000 

17,686 

156,161 

241,064 

16,317 

371,7J3 
837,715 

78,165 

104,143 

61,179 

366;67I 

3,609 

86,088 

146 


6,000 
91.196 
25,868 


10,470 
1.120 

5.000 
13;000 
184.838 


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m  1 

RAILROADI 

As  a  report  uj 

any  important  p 

the  vanous  work 

,  it  owes  its  direc 

I  of  the  United  Su 

The  peculiar  ( 

graphical  and  to 

I  and  relations  of 

I  interna]  improver 

I  ind  progress  of  e 

I  mercial  enterprise 

I  tate  the  movemer 

jfcr  their  construct 

Jtions,  and  conseq 

llave  been  intruste< 

1   The  opposition  I 

kthe  United  State 

pf  such  works,  on  t 

k  has  hitherto  pre 

y  case  of  the  Ci 

'uiy  intelligent  m< 

,  ws.    Wherever  i 

m  fortunately,  in 

"vate  hands  and 

tial  objects  havi 

">gement.    Thes 

5  commercial  w 

Lj^earljsetUemt 
"%  manufactu 
able  points  m 
' "»  Ulterior  nee 
"}  to  markets  up( 
med  to  the  Atlant 
Je  nor  importano 
''^y^aounfains  aS 
^M  turned  to  th 
onamumcation  ad 
-eaatunUouUets, 
■w-Uwrence— or 


H.   Doc.  130^ 


27 & 


>  f 


PART   IV 

As  a  report  upon  the  inhfir?  . 
I  any  important  portion  of  ;/        com       c^  of  the  Vnit^^  g*  . 
tb/vanVus  workrcon.dt^tin'"'';^^  ?"  ^'^Perfect  wiS  1?"^' «^^f 
it  owes  its  direction  TSf  "•   ^'^''^""^^^  to  which  ^n  1  ^'T^  *« 
of  the  United  States  ha.  h      '*''''"«:  ""^ice  «f  the  rSm^^l  ^^^^"^ 
The  Fculia^^l^L^^i^S^^^^^^  ^^'^""^^^  -^  canals 

internal  in3preven.ttP::£4^he  J'f  r^^  regio/^'^d:^/-^^^^^^^^ 

Jmd  prosress  of  evprxr  r.^^*-       -^^      "'e  develonmpnf  ^r  ^    ^o^ks  of 

«,LfMeT,4e?Xn,i"-  •  T"!'."^  »«hTorfa°*e  resources 

wal  objects  have  had  but  iSI    ■  i^™"'<'«'-«'on3  apart  ftom/i^  / 
.f^tnent.    These  Cih  ,)..  ^  '"''"™™  ■"  their  StnTn?/™*/ 
^".o«raalwa,,::&*«^5^.  con«i,u,e  "^^  S  SZl" 


■iii'i 


I .  'I 


r    ■         It 

.    /  «         •  Mil  If     I         !' 


,r 


r^ 


1.    !• 


4    4  •  f      ♦    .   •      't'" 

' '      ■*        I  t  Jp  '    I    I 


,=«« 


276 


H.   Doc.  136. 


ouUets.     The  first  person^  pr^s^nt  a  ^^^^^^^^^  -  -^aj 

"°^  TeZnre"srth:tuTe^m^^^^^^  the  country beyonfthe 

proiSsed  to  secure  to^^^^^^^  ,,e  subject  of  a 

twenty-one  years  he  had  crosseam  ^^^^^^       ^^^ 

canal'from  ^'^^^^-^^^^l'^.^^  At  sXequent  periods  he  visited 
Ohio  received  his  careful  a»«"-^  J  ^  ^H  ^^^i^ation  and  ob- 
the  Ohio  vaUey  gid  Prese^^^^^^^^^  ,^^^  ^,.  ,  ^ody  he 

servauon  to  the  House  ot  om^  a^^^  proposed  by  him  was 

received  a  vote  of  thanks,     ^^e  Pia  /^  ^^^^^^^^  „^  ,,^  ^j^^^ 

rt^r;^Jo:fnratru1^^^^^^^^^^  ^-e  become  tradiUonal 

ideas  with  the  people  of  Virgima.  ■  ^      j  j  channel,  by  which  to 

The  merits  «f  ^  gf^^P^^^itj  to  the  wants  of  the  tw'o  difierent 
connect  the  East  and  We^^^^^^^^^  .^  ^^^  question  of  route 

secuons  «f  ^he  country,  w^^^^^^^^  ^^^  richest,  most  populouMnd 

Virgmia,  prior  to  the  Revo  u^^^^^^^  tide-waters  most  nearly  aj. 

most  central  of  the   colon  es,   anu  ^^^^^  ^^^.     ^^^^^ 

'proached  the  n^^^g^^^^^^r  .uch  a  work  lay  through  her  te^; 
ihat  the  appropriate  '^""^^J'^V^"^^^^^^^  skill  nor  the  ex- 

but  at  that  tune  o"'"  Wl^^jf^;;^;^^^^^^^  ,vith  the  topography  of 

periencc,  nor  were  they  sumcier^uy       i  ^      r^^^^  ^i,^  ^^i^^. 

he  mountain  ridge  ^^P'^'^f;^"",  ^^f„"'J-;outr    As  the/bo^ame  better 
tic  slope,  to  decide  upon  the  ^^^^J^JJ^^^^  that  the  best  route  for, 
acquainted  with  the  country,      ^v  as  asee^^^^^^^  ^^^^^  . 

a  canal  connecting  the  J-^^^^^^^'  ^Ld  fo^  New  Yorl^  first  tj 
ghanieslaylarthern^arth,  an^  itwa^^^  ^^^^,^^  ^^ 

realize  the  idea  of  general  J^asl"^^^^^^^^^^  and  which,  belor^ihe 

the  vast  benefits  the  result  «J  ^l^^^^r^f^^^^     p'^r  years  after  GcneriJ, 
Revolution,  he„sought  to  secuie  to Ju^ma^  .ettlJments  did  not  ex 

Washington  P«>P°^f  ^^^  ^\\ft  foet,  all  the  country  west  of  the  MiJ 
tend  beyond  the  O  no;  and,  m  ta^t^ai  ^^/     j^^^  „,,,  fiUei^ 

sissippi  was  c  aimed  by  a^^^^^^^^^^  ^^^    ,4  the  States^ 

with  a  numerous  and  tnimi  t,  i   ^  Wisconsin,  were  not  onlj 

Ohio.  Indiana,  Ilhnois.  Missouri,  io^v^'  ^     ^  ^^  ^^^^,,^   ^ecu J 

a  wilderney.but  the  Id  a  that  t^^^^  The  principal  sej 

by  civilized  man  was  '^^S?;"';__„  ,yj„ge  ^ost  conUguousto\irH 
tlements  beyond  the  >««""^^"^;XVa  DarTof  the  "Old  DominionJ 
and  what  is  now  Kc^^u^^y  was  Jen  a  p^^^^^  ^^^A 

The  rapid  settlement  of  Ohio  and  the  «^f  ^f  f '^^^  jrepondenoiif 
1812,  c\,anged  the  aspect  ot  ajFaas  m  Uie  W  es^^         iement.7 
interest  and  influence  f  tended  northward  o^  an  improved  Une  of  cc 
the  State  of  New  York  was  the  first  to  open  an      ^   ^^^^yf,,, 
n^rcial  commumcatu,n  between  tl^^^^^^^  ^ 

oenius  and  pubbc  spirit  ot  Her  staiesiuc  ^^^ 

Sake  use  otShis  f  vantage;  secun^^^^^^^  ^^,,^^  -^  ,d 

It  was  notilnt.    after  ^f  ^^^Pjf.^  °;g;3%f  commerce  wasf 


- » 


even  natural  water-courses  a«,  «^^-     r         '  ^''^ 


■■•  ..-I 


'■  iy 


"i  • 


1  T     t 

I     1  '\     ,' 


i.   *    >  xl      '  I 


same  ^neial  obects  anH  !?•  P'"'^^^^^^'  «nes  oH^fc  f^^«  have 
by  whfch  they  pSe  to  ."'"'"'''  ^'^^  the  UatX^v'''^  "^  "*^^ 
regarded  as  of  gre£  hlT"'^  '^'"^^ar  resuhs      t^^'"^  ^°^^  work, 

tSnto  the  citiefwhth  are  /h'°  ^'^^  ^"^^"o'"  po  'fion^ol V^'"^^  ^ 
courses.     Their  c„ns  rl?      -'^  ''^'«»'  upon  our "       '  ?^  country- 
,  one  day  beconae  the"  o  S?,  Lr  ^'^  ^^'^ "C  Cc^^^^^^^  "^^^- 
as  persons.     A  satisfeVi!.  •  ^  "'ghways  of  transit  fnrA  ^^^y  ^iU 

channels.  "^  evolves  a  description  of  thl^         .  country, 

,,  It  is  also  in^ponant  that  the  '  ""  "'  '"^"^« 

lie  works  in  develoninrr  tK     ^  "'*="'  "Ejects,  and  infl 
Lwdirections  tofct', ---es.  ii  stiClat/^g^atdTl-P^b-  ,,   .-  ..  -.  ,,,^.    . 

1*80,000.000  are  no^7a^uX  f:^'  ■  A^   ^'^^^^ore  LC'  T^'  '•    '    ,  --'  '^^  ^    ^    -  [^ 

Iprogress,  and  to  meef  th^  a^  required  to  carrv  fnr,      j'  ^*  ^®^t  '  -^     '     '        ■'»'  '*» 

lOf  k  sum,  $5oS  000   ^"'^f''  "^  «ew  one7as  th^^^  '^^'"^^  « 
Ifccountnr.orofEumn      ^'^  borrowed  either  of  th^^  ^ay  arise. 
|Frcent.Sannum?o?S  :^-'""^"/  ^^ '"tereraverll"  ?P«^h«ts  ^^ 
Kraddecfto  the  ""st  of  ^h   "^'  ''^y'^^'''     A  Jame  S^  ^^'^u  ^  ^^  ^0 
f  bl,c  mindprolX  et^uiT  T^^'  ^^ich  S  be  „v  '5  "^'^  '''^''' 
WcapL,^7as  S^^^         to  their  prorcd:ers:'a:'"  '''' 

^mntryZmhe  nnT  ?T"^*^  identified  ^Ti,  ,^"^^  ^^  ^««ding 


I  NEW  YORK. 


%T8 


H.   Doc  136. 


canal  wa^  '"'"Sj^"'™. ,„,^„„  „f  the  canal,  the  cost  of  tronspomtion 
f^STe  Er*;Tdi™r.VaVJ:rch  as  nearly  to  preve^^^^ 

STe-t'^tpanaisc  ^A  repon  of  the  »^^^^^ 

,„:«,»  whom  was  refe  red  AewM^^^  ^^  ^  ^^^  ^^ 

cons-sung  otAe^t   mKl  g  ^__^^  ^^  ^^^  ^^  transportation 

^"■°R  ff,;i„  TiHon^  i^as  m  per  ton,  and  the  r«»m««  tram- 
yrom  BafTalo  t»  Mf"!^''' "       The  espense  of  transportation  Itom 

ttr.o  Zw^ork  *S  ;tated\t  81^0  ,«rton,  and  the  onl™,, 

'rt*5tSr5t^s^Sl^^aS  nearly  ,*r«tin,esd,c..,ta 
market,  tnecosioiuai   p«  -^^  ^  ^         twelve \imei\ 

value  of-h-^^J"  N«-  f^^^^^'eS^^the  val^^  of  most  kinds  of  cured 
the  valvS  of  «^^«'  Xjar^^^^^^^      striking  illustration  of  the  value  of 
provisioits.     1  hese  tacts  a™^"       ^,     ^  United  States.    It  may  be  I 
Urnal  iinprpvenients  t«  ^^^  Xt  p'br  to  the  construction  o/the 
here  stated,  as^mteresungfac^^  down  the  Sa^ 

Erie  canal,  the  wheat  ^^  ^«f  JJ^^^^  ^^^best  route  to  market. 
quehanna  to  Baltimore,  as  the  cheapest  ^^^  "T^  .       ^    .  j^g  ^ 

Althouch  the  rates  of  transportation  over  the  brie  canal,  at  its  op 
ini^welvS  double  the  present  charges-which  range  ta 
Ss'to  $7  A  S  according  to  the  character  of  the  freight-it  inv 
$3  to  »7  P«^on,  n  s.         ^  f     ^te  route  for  a  large  portion 

7thetlo^^(^eSZiern  States,  and  secured  to  the  cityo 
New  Vork  Ae  ™,sition  which  she  now  holds  as  the  emporium  of  d. 
Confeder^r  Previous  to  the  opening  of  the  cana  .  the  trade  o 
West  waSiefly  carried  on  through  the  cities  of  Baltmiore  and  PM 
J  1  ^r  J!orSrnWlv  the  latter,  which  was  at  that  Ume  the  farst  ai 

^iTio^rSflkkes  were  reached,  the  line  of  navigable  water. 
extendTthS  them  nearly  one  thousand  miles  father  into  tb^ 
SThT  western  States  Immediately  commenced  the  con Jnictt 
S^lar  worK  for  the  purpose  of  opening  ^  commumcaUon,  from 
IrreirPtfons  of  tLr^erritoriS.  with  this  pat  water-hne  J 
Sese  works  took  their  direction  and  character  troni  the  Eneca^ 
whK  Ss^^ner  became  the  oudet  for  almost  die  greater  parti 

*^SAcult  to  estimate  the  influence  which  this  canal^^^^ 
the  commerce,  growtii,  and  P^osprity  of  the  wh^  jntiy.  f^^ 
rn-<.«hle  toimagne  what  would  Ue  ^^g  the  stge  of ^^ng^ 
Sot^thia  woA,  the  West  would  have  held  out  w'^^**^^?^ 
«,tder  X  would  have  been  without  a  market  for  his  most  mm 
^iS^tT  aid^nsequently  wUhout  the  means  of  supplying  mm^yj 
'  Sft^n^w^tB?  TlJtportionofttecount^wou^^..H 
comparatively  unsettled  up  to  the  present  ^e;  «««,  wberem) 
ShW  popibus  communities,  we  should  ^nd  an  unculuvafcdw 


I 


-i 


H.%Doc.  136. 


979t 


nepB.'    The  East  woulH  h.,      u  ^^ 

gn-rth.     The  canal  has  su^he^^i^^,^"7-iAout  the  elements  of 
an  outlet  and  created  a  market  for  /hl^"^,^''^^  ^*^d,  and  has.0Dened 
conun^ce.    The  increase  of  commerce^'^r,!f  °^"^  ""^""factSd 
have  been  venr  accurately  meaJSed  rf  ''^^^.^h  of  the  coun^ 
the  canal.    It  has  been  one  i?at  I^n/  r^  ^"^'^  "^ the  busineS 
v.gor  mlo  the  whole.   ComlSfX^d  °  ,V^^"^h.  infusing  l^Td 
S"        to  the  United  States  l^t^^^  ^V'^-J     d  J 
^(T  ».ii  k„  ,  ^  ^  'lomogeneous 

J*:rofTj;;%^^--^  tabular  statement,  that  the.  .  . 
n.  At  pace  w,SllStr 'the^r^^  -i^mmelSr  ^^ 
and  the  progress  of  the  western  <?t.,  ''.iif  "^'«  "^  the  Erie  cana? 
mteielation  of  this  great  Sk  to  ril  "  ^^^"  '^^^'^  «how  thS 
ODuntiy.  and  that  to  maintain  a  W  f"'"?"^"''"^  ""^  Prosperity  ofX 

'^TheySitS!^^^^^^^^^^^^ 

produce  and  merchandise  pSg/o^So'i/-^,^  canal;  the  value  or 
?i;^T>,  P'^"""  ^^^^^^^d  atVufSlo  indO ^^"-^^ter;  ^^^^  tonna^ 
%tes;  the  number  of  annual  lockages  on  fj  'T^^''  ^^"^  the  westeS 
at,  and  tonnage  of,  the  ports  of  r£  m  ^  ''''"^'  the  foreign  arrSS^ 
Baltimore;  the  value  of  exports  Uh-"'  ^^^  ^°f^^'  Philadeffirim? 
jre^  in  wealth  and  SS  a'S'  1^^^^  ^^  ^^ese  cSeMh^^  ' 
lK)nofd,e  western  States  We  1820  "^^  ^"^^^^^  °f  the  p<^pSS^ 


.  n 


*-i-       f '    'Tf  I"  ^'   , '  'fi  •  ' '  1 ' 

¥1  .J  ■ 


,{i4iu 


> 


••',••    fT'^ 

m 

gjj^'  -.HI  »«  ||S''^| 

Hll)fiki|i{.  if  ^  'if 

lllll 

1 

n||||| 

■In ft  III 

^*!- 

^  //    H.  Doc.  11 

^  ^-^  ^^^n^ihowintr  the  toUs,  trade,  and  tofimge  of  the  New  York 

^^tZ^^t^,  in  ^onnnerce,  ru^rig^i^,  population,  and 

M^of  Zfour  ^^pal  Atlamic  citic,  and  the  fare^  con^c. 

IjTuJed  Stites,  from  1820  to  1861,  ^nclvnve. 

■r 

New  York  state  cMi«l»-toll8,  trade,  and  tonnage. 


Teon. 


TolU,  Siiount  Total  move- 
coUected.       ment,  eart 
and  west. 


1820. 
1881 


1823-. 

1824.. 

1825.. 

1826.. 

1827.. 

1828.. 

1829.. 

1830.. 

1831. 

1832. 

1833. 

1834. 

1835. 

1836. 

1837. 

1838. 

1839. 

1840. 

1841. 

]8«i. 

1843. 

1844. 

1845. 

1846. 

1847. 

1848. 

184». 

1850. 

1861 


Sollan. 


4244 

24,388 
64,072 
153,099 
340,761 
566,279 
765,104 
859,260 
838,447 
813, 137 
1,056,922 
1,223,801 
1,229,483 
1,463,715 
1,340,106 
1,548,108 
1,614,342 
1,292,629 
1,590,911 
1,616,382 
1,775,747 
2,034,882 
1,749,197 
2,081,590 
2,445,761 
2,645,931 
2,755,593 
3,634,942 
3,2Se,184 
3,268,226 
3,973,899 
3,329,787 


Total  receiv'd  Total  going 
attide-water.  fromtide- 
wkter. 


Tons. 


Proportion 
received 

from  otlier 
State*. 


157,446 
185,405 
269,795 


32,3851 
33,438 
34,086| 


54,622| 
48,993 

66*,  ©e 

83,893l 


1,310,807 

1,171,296 

1,333,011 

1,435,713 

1,417,046 

1,521,661 

1,236,921 

1,513,439 

1,816,586 

1,977,565 

2,268,662 

2,869,810 

2,796,230 

2,894,732 

3,076,617 

3,582,733 


553,596 

753, 193 

696,347 

611,741 

640, 481 

602,128 

669,012 

774,334 

666,626 

836,861 

1,019,094 

1,204,943 

1,362,319 

1,744,283 

1,447,905 

1,579,946 

2,033,668 

1,977,151 


119,463 

114,608 

128,910 

133,796 

122,136 

142, 80i 

142,035 

129,580 

162, 71& 

122,394 

143,595 

176,737 

195,000 

213,795 

288,267 

329,5^7 

315,550 

418,370 

467,961 


55,772 
61,167 
54,766 
77,090 
85, 193 
63,871 
81,742 
54;  Oil 
72,500 
99,552 
104,018 
138,235 
147,654' 
187,453 
183,036 
158,501 
246,812 


340,1 


1,047,« 


.-Tl 


'■*I*,W 


New  Tori 
da(ioh,  and 
in  commerce 


on 
d 

r 

Proportina 
received 

from  other 
Sttttea. 

''°"m:     lNu,„b„ 


B-  Doc;  1S»4  _ 


Value  of  the    LockaiiJvTT"  T ' i — — !-__ 

'•      I  |.08w«{o.  I      "r"^\      .      I  brother Stat«g 

mBufliJo  and 
Oswego, 


W,  634, 643 
55,809,228 

IOImKI' 73,399,764 

3Kt .66,303,893 

214'tiK^ 60,016,608 

mvXu""'"-\  !?'^6,909 

H2^E""' ^.981. 158- 

'^■'"^■"- '  100,563,245 

•UOii^Br     I  "5,612,109 

"*^'^"'- '  151,563,428 

540  U^            -l  J^.  086, 157 

^'K- ,156,397,989 

1,047,6 


6,166 
10,985 
15,156 
13,004 
14,579 
12,619 
14,674 
16,284 
18,601 
20,649; 
22,911 
25,798 
25,516 
21,055 
25,962 
24,234 
26,987 
30,320 
22,869 
23,184 
28,219 
30,4531 
33,4311 
49,957 
34,911, 
36,918] 
38,444 
40, 396  I 


5,493,816 
4,813,686 
6,369,645 
7,258,968 
7,877,358. 
11,889,^ 
9,215,808 
11,937,943 
15,875,568 
14,162,239 
20,471,939 
32,666,324 
23,246,353 
26,713,796 
25,471,968 
26,988.315 


13,405,022 
^,525,446 
'26,932,470 
21,828,354  1 
23,038,510 
20, 163, 199 
23,813,573 
.27,285,322 
22,751,013 
28,453,408 
34, 183, 167 
45,452,381 
51,105,256 
73,098,414 
60,883,907 
62,375,581 
55,474,637 
53,927,508 


9,783,850 
6,388,750 
8,657,850 
10,859,100 
7,057,600 
11,174,700 
7,818,900 
13,067,850 
14,845,850 
17,366,300 
20,415,500 
27,898,800 
30,553,990 
31,793,400 
47,188,600 
62,963,640 


.  -^ 


I 


'-T" 


<      \ 


t«(l 


im 


H.   Doc.  186. 

STATEMENT-€onunued. 


Yean. 


!    ti«n  vMliMtioa   and  population  of  New  York, 


nue  at  each  port. 


Value  of  hnportB  at  the  ports  of- 


Boaton. 


1820  ... 

1821  -- 

1822  ..- 

1823  ... 

1824  ... 

1825  ... 

1826  .. 

1827  .. 

1828  .. 

1829  .. 

1830  .. 
1831 


New  York. 


Philadelphia.' 


Baltimore. 


f26,02»,012. 
33, 912,453^ 
30,601,45.5 
37,783,147 
50,024,973 
;VI,T28,664 
41,441,832 
39,117,016 
34,972,49:1 
38,6.56,064 
57,291,727 
42,542,012 


1832 ;■/....       56,527,976 


1835 
1836 
1837 
1838 


^^ $16,075,589 

}^ ,..       18,174,255 

""^  '      24,248,727 

17,949,146 

12,355,131 

17,967,754 

14,826,967 

18,918,078 

16,796,600 

15,788,484 

18,884,448 

21,230,381 

88,615,117 

83,279,148 


1840. 

1841  . 

1848. 

1843. 

1844. 

1845 

•1846 

its '.'.'.'.I      W.mW 

\^ ...       83,276,953 

J^ ...       30,508.139 


72,724,210 
87,734,844 
117,700,917 
78,543,706 
68,159,360 
99,483,414 
60,064,942 
75,358,283 
57,446,081 
31,112,227 
64,528,188 
69,897,405 
73,631,611 
83,075,296 
98,947,176 
91,374,584 
116,667,558 
144,454,016 


$8,158,922 
11,874,170 
13,696,770 
11,865,531 
15,041,797 
13,551,779 
11,212,935 
12,884,408  1 
10, 100, 152 
9,525,893 
11,673,755 
10,048,195 
11,153,757 
10,479,268 
12,389,937 
15,068,233 
11,680,011 
9,323,840 
15,037,420 
8,464,882 
10,342,206 
7,381,770 
2,755,958 
7,217,238 
8,156,446 
7,989,393 
9,586,126 
12,147,000 
10,644,803 
12,065,8341 
14,168,618 


14,647,111^ 
5,647,1 
7,13I,5( 

.  7,837,« 
r.,701,f 
6,995,% 
4,8 
6,1 
4,416,11 
2,479,1 
3,917,71 
3,741,* 

4,4S,1 
5,345,1 


Years. 


m 

m 

1822 

1923 

1824 

1825 , 

m 

1827 

m 

1^ 

\m 

1831 

1832 

1833 ,. 

18J4 

1835 ". 

J1836 : 

IW 

11841  ..'.'.".'.".'!.'*"* 
llBtt ..." 

m L    ■ 

^•••:::::::::: 


*■  »»<!.  18b. 

nue  at  each  port         ^    "*"'"'*"^''' ""f"  the  custom.'      '' 


T^m 


;*i'3' 


l\'-.r. 


W< 


years. 


rey*. 


Value  of  exports  from  the 


ports  0^ 


Boston ; 


■ 

ItBD 

^1 

Ifil 

H 

1822 

^M 

1923 

^M 

Iffl4 

^M 

1825 '. 

^M 

1826 

^1 

1927 

^M 

1928 

^M 

1929 

^M 

1830 

^1 

1831 

^M 

1832 

..^ ^1 

1933 ,. 

ik4,()47.ia^l 

1934 

5,647,1^1 

1835 

7,i3i,aH 

1836 : 

7.S57.9)H 

w ..:::: 

r>,7oi,eM 

m , 

MB 

4,835,^1 

m ,..,.,   

6,ioi,:^H 

IMl ;., :"'■ 

4|4'^'^^| 

m 

2,479,1^1 

w ...:;: 

« ,-....-:::: 

it.74l,i^B 

i5 j.. 

it 

4,43i,]^B 

Mr ":' 

w 

4.!'%^Bi 

w ■ ■ 

» ::::::" 

6.()4I!<^W 

M ; *• 

9>  413,904 
8,716,330 
8,016,859 
7,400,999 
7,694,664 
8.232,386 
9,441,186 
7,830,794 
V  5,146,0iB2 
7,501,469 
•8,923,838 
8,958,048 
9,686,851 
12,204,462 
8,692,008 
9,141,652 
10,498,180 


New  York. 


*11.769,511 
18.124,6*5 
15, 405, 694 
21,089,696 
22,309,362 
34,032,279 
19,437,229 
24s  614, 035 
22,135,487 
'    17, 609,600 
17,666,624 
26,142,719 
22,792,599 
24,703,903 
23,842,736 
29,451,192 
27,668,159 
25,459,627 
21,654,765 
31,946,474 
32,408,689 
30,792,780 
25,467,316 
15,972,084 
29,rse,8ffl3 
33,554,776 
33^646,006 
46,586,635 
49,»42,238 
42,788,237 
47,580,357 
79,857,315 


Philadelphia 


#5,743,549 
7,391,767 
9, 047,  802 
9,617,192 
9,364,893 

11,269,981 
8,331,7^ 

7,575,833 

6,051,480 

4,089,935 

4,291,793 

5,513,7'13 

3,516,066 

4, 078, 951 

3,989,746 

4,176,290 

3,677,607 

3,841,599 

3,477,151 

5,299,415 

6,820,145 

5,152,501 

3,753,894 

2,354,948 

3,63S,256 

3,574,363 

4,751,005 

8,541,167 

5,738,333 

5,343,421 

4,501,606 

5,356,036 


Baltimore. 


'^ 


f4, 165, 995 
3,923<86» 
3,393i444 
3,789l917 
4,524(575 
4,57&561 
5,76^768 
44  945^346 
4,901,238 
3.008,894 
5,126,476 
6,216,98» 
6,869,06& 
9, 750, 457 
7,129,461 
7,999,aBr 
e,944,61S 
5,635,78ft 


^%£Li£lU|i4^i$'1'    ^  * 


1 


284 


Ifc'  Ooe.  186k 

BTATEMENT— Continued. 


-Ifr 


Yeaw. 


.i««»inn  vklnation.  and  populatloh  of  New  York, 
I^t  each  port. 


Duties  coUected  at  the  port*  of-^ 


Bolton. 


New  York. 


1820. 
1881  . 
1822 
1823 
1824 
.1885 


Philadelphia. 


1827 - 

1828  ....---- 
1889  ....--■ 

1830 •• 

1831 

1838 

1833 

183* 

1836 

1836 

1837 \ 

1838  ..../. 

1839  ...A- 

1840 

1841 

1848 

1843 

.  1844  ...... . ■ 

1845.....-- 

1846  ...... 

1847 

1848 

1849 

1880...... 

1851 


f 2,615!!'^ 
2,238,041 
1,328,863 
2,239,554 
2,162,055 
1,880,173 
2,307,848 
2,789,798 
1,311,225 
4,411,3X2 
4,676,157 
4,844,129 
4,098,226 
5,033,772 
4,380,346 
6,177<— 
6,?S0, 


f5, 487, 974 
7,243,542 
9,941,702 
9,022,435 
11,178,139 
15,752,100 
11,525,862 
13,217,695 
13,745,147 
13,052,676 
15,012,553 
20,096,136 
15,070,124 
13,039,181 
10, 183, 152 
11,597,466 
13,424,717 
6,679,756 
8,941,208 
14,475,995 
7,167,968 
9,418,588 
li;273,499 
4,072,296 
X6, 792, 679 
17,255,308 
16,975,972 
15,584,014 
20,128,726 
18,377,814 
24,958,977 
28,778,558 


Baltimore. 


$2,159,111 
2,637,796 
1,162,610 
1,882,613 
2,326,384 
1,553,373 
1,367,259 
1,659,125 
550,649 

^  2,255,860 
2,361,3?5 
2,136,754' 
1,978,430 
2,779,931 


/ 


■l^ 

^^IttM _ 

^■]t(K 

^HleiJ3 

^Hiaw 

^^Btiti 

^■d% 

^.,. 

^^^HiNV 

^^Kui                                  M 

^^■^  ' —  '-■ 

|666,3n 

^^B^"""'         -.---- 

1,127,99 

^Kii 

704,  JC 

^Ho! 

1,I11,7« 

^■33 

1,166,5(1 

^^Hui                                                Ann     «, 

70«^31S 
616,(0 
610,18 

238,  as 

603,S 

•696,3 

e7i5l 

600,49 

771,™ 

649,41 

» 1,004,91 

#,063,S 

^Br ia4.4s 

^H^ 4M4. 6H 

^^r -  SJ42.27 

^^F J»8.89i 

^K~ ■'SiSO.  S.'W 

^B*-' V45.  3.T 

^H" 29].  .%>r 

■ 276,366 

■ 144,506 

^WMnife.          1\a  ant. 

tS-A-. 


of  New  York, 
atom*'  revenuB 


Daltimon. 


$666,  SI  I 
l,127,it| 
704,  Wl 
l,lll,74l| 
1, 

Toe^i 

616,« 
610,8 
228,3 
603,S 


i^rMgntcmnge  entered  at- 


^«"«-     j   No.' 


No.       No. 


318, 836 

385,426| 

432,674 

451,  ^76, 

478, 

512,2171 


171,963 
226,79(J 
25*6,7891. 
252,  769  . 
280, 179. 
274,997. 
202,872 
275,6771. 
281,512. 
•«4,715 
•■»37,.009. 
401,718. 
430, 918 
443,697 
46535651 
534,^38 
579,jj94 
422,497 
563,617 
"S45, 931 
647,694 
570,  OlSi 
312,214 
576,480i 
597,218 
655,877 
853,668 
932,4931 
1,117,800 
1,145,  ail 
1,448,768] 


912 


494 

'482  . 

50] 

484.... 

482.... 

469... 

450...: 

374.... 


83, 804| 
•78,993 
84,484 
91,715 
83,183 
111,393 
87,702 
99, 

47, 944 

89,529 

91,31; 

88,04L 
139, 774 
119,7^ 
142,^ 
132, 370 
159,.636 


^0281 
6X423 
70, 1761 
96,892 
77,106 
78, 761 
82, 140| 
89,748 
86,904 
51,598j 
82,8131 
80,020| 
89,906, 
123,065 
102,530 
11«,  068 
99,588] 
113,027 


1,0701 
1,158| 
1,381 
1,544 
1,235 
1, 440l 
1,507 
1,730 
1,71. 
9431 
1,897 
2,166| 
2, 1721 
2,120 
2,923 
2,940 
2,782 
2,917 


474 


J,  9501      441 

2,008j 

2,205| 

2,222| 

l,625i 

2,138] 

1.955 

2,098j 

1,987 

1,151 

2,123, 

2,008| 

2,1321 

2,738, 

2,8701 

3,218 

3,163| 

3,847 


323 


416 

407 

438 

428 

531 

444 

498 

465 

2551 

447 

420 

398| 

62]| 

524       479 

606       4a< 

537       438 


~ "^-il =! 2 TT  r 


'^  , 


■      ...■■.    .w ■■■■.»■■■*■■  ^>^        o  ,     *       '  1  ■9^-"t'^    T     ^ 


r 


,  * 


STATEMENT— Continued. 


,    i„  »  ^ooiMtinn  valuation,  and  population  of  N« 

^'"     ^^^^rXs^rSlTphia.  -d  Baltimore,  with  the 
customs'  revenue  of  each  port. 


Years. 


>< 


18SW.... 
1821..-- 
VS&...- 
1823-.-. 
1824... 
1825... 


1827... 


1829.... 
1830.... 
1831.... 
1838..- 

1835... 
1838... 
1837... 
1838... 
1839... 
1840... 
1841... 
1842.- 

1843.. 

1844.. 

1845.. 

1846.. 

1847.. 

1848.. 

1849.. 

I860., 

1851. 


Population  of— 


Boston. 


Number. 


New  York.   iPhiladelpliia.j  Baltimore 


Number.         Number. 


43,298 


123,706  137,097 


NumWr 


58,277    .... 


61,392 


7f,603 


93,383 


114,366 


'312i712  258,832 


i3T,788"  '      515,394 


409,353 


C2,T3f 


""203,007  188,961  *,fi 


y 


-^ 


;>"  - 


)ulaUonofN« 
imore,  with  the 


a.    Baltimore. 


Number 


n  \  ,    C2,w 


361 


,832 


•■•■•::;1 

::: w 

9]  353 

«■ 

Ul 

tt.  iiDoc.  136^  90 

STATEMENT-C„„,„„ed.  ^ 

tftOO    rtrw^ I  i^  ■      ~"    '     --  — 


*«3'075,"676' 


107, 447,  781 

"2.211,926 

114,019,5ai 

111,803,066 

125, 288, 518 

139,280,214 

146,302,618 

166,495,187 

186,548,511 

218,723,763 

:W»,501,920 

263,747,350 

264, 152,  941 

266,882,430 

252,235,515 

251, 194, 920 

237,806,906 

229,229,078 

2;«,  960, 047 

239,938,318 

244,952,405 

247,152,306 

254,192,027 

256,217,093 

286,085,416 

380,108,358 


#118, 633,' 523' 

120,658,327 



125,679,699' 

139, 604,"  254' 
140,391,780 


«16,337,500 
16,337,500 
16,  337, 500 
16,337,500 
16,337,500 
16,337,500 
16,337,500 
17,282,650 
17,521,200 
17,847,465 
18, 200, 000 
18,800,000 
19,175,000 
44,400,000 
44, 400, 000 
44,400,000 
59,367,534. 
57,343,084 
56,585,298 
58,000,000 
63,522,490 
58,890,773 
59,377,397 
61,754,176 
77,302,925 
77, 612, 380 
78,831,965 
80,296,960 
82,105,022 


If 


I'    i 


h-r,    ..J 


■f  • .  •       , '. »  \ 


^  4 


■'?•-'  t 


,:ll^| 


1'-  '^  t-k. 


98$ 


H.   Doc.  1^* 

ST  ATEMENT— Continued. 


Foreign  commerce  of  the  United  State.. 


Years. 


Imports 


Specie  excluded. 

Exports. 


1820 

1821 

1822 

1823 

1824 

1825 

1826 

1827 

1828 

1829 

1830 

1831 

1832 

1833 

1834 

1835 

1836.... 

1837.... 

1838.... 

1839.... 

1840.... 

1841.... 

1842... . 

1843.... 

J844.... 

1845.... 

1846.... 

1847... 

1848... 

1849... 

1850... 

1851... 


54,520,834 
79,871,695 
72,481,371 
81,169,172 
90,289,310 
78,093,511 
71,332,933 
81,019,543 
67,088,915 
62,720,956 
95,885,179 
95,121,762 
101,047,943 
108,609,700 
136,764,295 
176, 579, 154 
130,472,803 
95,970,288 
156,496,956 
98,258,706 
122,957,544 
96,075,071 
42,433,464 
102.604,606 
113,184,322 
117,914,065 
121,424,349 
148,638,704 
141,206,199 
173,509,526 
207,965,024 


Dollars. 


54,496,323 
61,350,101 
68,326,043 
68,972,105 
90,738,333 
72,830,789 
74,309,957 
64,021,210 
67,434,651 
71,668,735 
72,295,602 
81,520,594 
87,528,732 
102,260,215 
115,215,802 
124,338,704 
111,443,127 
104,978,570 
112,251,673 
123,668,832 
111,817.471 
99,877,995 
82,825,689 
105,745,832 
106,040,111 
109,583,248 
156,741,598 
138,190,511 
140,351,072 
144,375,726 
188,967,259 


Specie  included. 


Imports. 


Exports. 


74,460,000 
62,585,724 
83,241,541 
77,579,367 
80,549,007 
96,340,075 
84,974,477 
79,484,063 
88,509,824 
74,492,527 
70,876,820 
103, 191. 124 
101,029,266 
108,118,311 
126,521,332 
149,895,742 
189,980,035 
140,989,217 
113,717,404 
162.092,132 
107,141,519 
127, 146, 177 
100,162,087 
64, 753; 799 
108,435,035 
117,254,564 
121,691,797 
146,545,63S 
154,998,928 
147,857,439 
178,136,318 
215,725,995 


69,691,6(9 
64,974,38 
72,160,S8lI 
74,ti99,«ll| 
75,9e6,6Srl 
99,5^3861 
77,595,3 
82,»M,8 
72,261,« 
72,358,6 
73,849,5 
81,310,5 
87,176,i 
90,  I40,( 
11)4,336,6; 
121.693,5 
12i!f,663,» 
117,4W,i 
l(»,4(«i« 
121,«^4 
132,«5,9 
121,  iSl,^ 
104,691,1 
84, 346,1 
111,200,1 
114,646,1 
113,488,1 
158,646.1 
154,93i.| 
145,75! 
151,^ 
217,517j 


..^' 


■\ 


i£>ai«L-ftiih'*„.  ,^, ' 


■  .,.->y^ 


iluded. 


Exports. 


64,974,3* 

72,160,8811 
74,«99,0»l 
75,9e6,S57| 
99,535,388| 
77,585,31 

82,  m* 

72,264,6 
72,358,6 
73,849,a| 
81,31D,S 
87,176,3 
90,  i40,« 
104,336,61 
121,693,8 
12»,663,« 
117,419,1 
m  486^6 
121,®i,4 
132,«5,S| 
121,851,* 
104,681,1 
84,346,1 
111,200,1 
114,646,1 
113,488,1 
158,648,1 
154,93i,| 
145,751 
151,8 
217,5171 


k.- 


389 


— «a-oe  has  ^S  """PW  advj^f  *!«'?' of  Baltimore  ,„J 
*l«ma,ntai„ed  byS'T^  .that  a  ltfrg7%rZ„^  '°"8  ««■«  rf 

Itown  nodes  of  ,„       °'^' ""  <^anals  £,,?„  °,  Practicable   for   i    i 

i^-« » Aeia't^TtSroV '.t^ '^"'^i.trr A^^^^ 

Such  IS  now  no  hnJlth        °^  '^«  countrv  rVn!  •  ".''^  *^at  cuv  in 
ation  of  certain  kinXf' trch''-..^^^  S  TnTf^^r^^^^^oI^ei! 

in  heavy  frei^hS     H       ^''^^^  ^^n  su^el.fiS^  ^  '^^^^ada.  is 

fecanals,  for  the  purLe Vr  ''""'^^""ion  of  r^jr!  T^^^^^^^ess  of 
r. ,  The  conviction  is^now„i  ^^^"^P^'tinff  for  the  h  ^'''^'  P^^^el  to 
y  is  to  be  secured  IT     ^'"ost  universal  fK  ?    ^"siness  of  the  I«i 

^.toag^ritTnt  Sar^^  '^/Sfs''  ewrr-«^w: 

■^J.  andjhat  the  coi!f:«'i*«^es  arisin.froS  tS' ^ '^L^'^  ««"" 


V* 


.  '-^i^ 


ill*  **Tfc  :-  ■^  h  '    *>.„  . 


^l"'    •''«    *-• 


■  N 


■t>1 


•.  »l 


i'^rl 


^.  to  a  g,^at  Extern  ^eTr  ^^  ^y  thFs '  ^w  I 

«»Pn;  and  that  the  coml  ^^''^^tages  arisiWf,  "-"y'  ^"''^'^  neu- 

weed  by  these  views  Z],u  ""^^^  ^^^se  to  em^  1  P"^^  ^"^  the 
geted,  or  are  conl^r'  i  "^  ^^^^  ^ommerci^  ^,^'  '^\^'«t«-  In- 
dent expectation  of  see^|'  stupendous  lineTof  ZT'  >^«  ««her 

fto.the  present  time  L,  k  "''^  /°  «^>4  a  Portion  iru^^*'*^'  ^"fa  the 
".Foper  to  stt^X^^^/^ostentir^y'^"^^^^^^^^^ 

>"  aJlow  the  use  of  £t" '??"  be  undertaken  "t^^"  ''t  ^««- 
pyofihose  now  emnwi^^^*  *°n8  burd^  nV  tu  ^""^^ged 
Kinmsporting  a  barreYof  fl  '  ^^  ^^"'  it  is  esti.nL  ^^  ^'"^s^e 
N^nt^  and  other  merchnn^-^"'"'-  ^om  BuffJo  to  i  ik^*^'  ^^^"^e  the 

'^^"'ge  of  SeS  b?a^^^  '^u''''"^^  tbJ  SI      n"^  ^^T^ity  is  the 

%  of  the  enlarKi^^'  *?  ^  ^"^yl^de7  tt'"''^  '^^  W 
S««ionofdow??o?"i^?^^  ^'luai  1^648  00nV°'^  ^n°««e 
"'^'''e  boats  is  estimn?  ^'^^^^  "  as  four  to  nn?  ^"«-    But  la 

« f*0  tons  for  eaTbi'  t"  'H  ''P<>^^^ofT%t  ""^'^8«  ^^ 
""-J  "•ovement  of  7  ^  "o^  "^^'^^^^or  62,000  boa  "  '"«^"^'  «>' 
1 5.824,000  ton*,  Ho»  ''^^^  tons  as  the  tntni^^^'  ^ould  irfve 
■»tuponthrenfajg^>J06^tr^^^ 


'.. 


> 


u 


n 


t«.824,000  i^LVi/r'^O'OOO  tons  as  the  toT' ''°^*^^'  ^^-Jd 
r«  be  reducedT#^^,?^*^<^ost of  transL;^^^     ^*  " 


:"'°"'^'«-«*^:'»i;s^s^^ 

^^.coual^TU,  work  ,h      u  "  ^"^y  •» 


20 


■^1    «  ■ 


_  V  *-■*.■•.'-■"'.: '-"'  .V-'.'" 

]|^^  jboe.  ISi. 


^90  for  the  trade  of  the  St.  Law- 

!-•  J    f„;r  to  become  an  important  avenue  Lawrence  river 

^t^ra^^      This  lake  is  -^ -",f ^gt's^^^^  or  Northern  r., 

a';,:n  hS'e  a  f^^r  -r^^^of  ^^^^^^^^^  It  is  al. 

burg  and  Mpntreal  radro^d^w  in  p  j       ^^^  ^^^^^^  ^f  ^^   8^,^!,  by 

coiLcted  with  the  St.  Lawrence  nver,  ^^^  ^^^^^  ^^  g^^  ^^ 

me^  of  the  Chambly  ^an^    Thmug^  .^  ^, 

New  York  now  r^eives  a  l^F  ^  ^^  buUt  expressly  for  the  pur- 

&r.    The  Ogdensburg  ^J^r^^J^^of  the  St.  Lawrence  at  that 

^^e  of  diverting  a  P^JJ-^^^^ilseThat  all  the  roads  named  .^.\ 

Soint  and  it  is  reasonable  to  suppose  ^^^^^  important  out- 

Cbecome,  «  co-ex^J^^^oSue  topen  not  only  cheap  but«. 

lets  for  western  trade,    ^^y  proin  ^^  ^^^^^^  ^^^  ^^^,„^i 

Sditious  routes,  which,  u.  ^  press  01^    ghip^anal  from  CaughnawagJ 
Ky  be  stated  here>at  the  Propc^^s^^^^  ^^^  ^  J 

^tX^  of  the  ^;:^:^:-:^::r^'i^^^^ 

rjs^t^dtuf^u^t  b^e^^cted  at  no  dis^^ 

BaUroads  of  New  York. 

n  fl^;«— The  first  continuous  line  of  i 
Mroai./ram^toy^eoBt^«^J:    .;^^^,,  ^as  that  from  Albany 
road  to  connect  the  lakes  ana  uu  ^^     As  it  was  a 

SJfelo,  following  very  »«^^y '?fJ°"oi^^^^  '^^  ^tate  J 

^renterprise,  ^^.^Zl^ZXSe^^^^'  ^^  ^^^  freight,  in  ad<ta 
the  canal  tolls  were  imposed  "Pp°^"  ,  j      ^Jce  the  State  has  iem 
rtTcostoftransport^onJ^^^^^^^^^^^^ 
large  revenue.    Tbs  tax  hM  naa  ^^^^^^  ^j-  i,^,gi,t,aD 

ti/road  to  the  less  bulky  and  more  v^  ^^  ^^^^^^^      ^^^  j^^^^ 
those  of  a  penshable  nature,     ^ne  ^^^  ^^^^  ^^       tij 

cember,1861,by.ana^tofUielegi«m      ,^^^  ^^^  ^^^.^^  ^^^^  ^4 

into  free  <^n^^^«^Jl%*ffalo  to  Albany  for  sixty  cents  per  b 
..eason,  carried  flour  fi^m  Buffalo  to  a^  ^^  ^^  ^    ^^  f  ^ 

which  is  nearly  fifty  '=«"^',  7.  U^  opening.  The  quanuty  of  ij 
^^tv  ye«««"\^55fJ:n;'of  sufficient  eciuipments  jmd  suj 
is  still  restricted  for  the  want  ^  i     particulariyM 

ttccomroodauons  fpr  ^2««  a  serious  drawback  on  the  past  w^ 
bany.  This  fact  oP«'-^f„^°?^Ss  for  business  will  soon  be  sud 
opeJatiops.  The  "^^J^^ i^^  the  '^^^^^^  will  engage  m  a  larg^ 
a5S  there  can  be  no  doubt ««  5"^^^^^^  the  canal.  ,  , 

_^« business m^rectcom^'^U^^^^         ^  j^^^l,  ,^^ 

'    ^The  above- TcsdrwiU  soon  have^W^^^^^^ 
wholeUne.    It  ahready  has ju^h  fn>m  ^^^^^ 
latter-place  a  new  roadj^s  nearly  comp  ^^^^  Rochester,  aj 


ft'    Ddc.   1^. 

^r  Cape  VincenrStfe-^^^^^  -dwith 

at  Great  and  Little  S^    1  °  -Lewiston ;  anrJ  K  'r   ^^^kett's  Har^ 

I  ■«"-?  points  o?:„^^rwfc  "?•'  ■■«  l^tt''"li"  P"*^ 

i  jnconveniencesoftooffTfiJ;  *^^^^^n  trade  if  ^T^li   ^^  Presenting 

,«Kl  wiU  be  enabled  rtfferT'"^^^'«"«f&iisi"^^^  ^^  ^hf 

tmBpon  of  freight.  P'  ^^^^^  facilities  for^'  ''i'^^  «'»e  point, 

I  u^'  ^''^^'  "  ^^'^  ^onn^ct  with  fU    ri  ^^^  ^°^  ^J 

the  former  of  which  will  £       ,  ^^^  iJudson  river  o  j  rr  ' 

these  a  double  track  wfu  be  f  ^°"?'^track  road     t^  ^^^^'^  «>ad8. 

TB^us  points  upon  Lake^^^""'^  ^I°™  ^ew  r^rk  "  nTi^'*"  ^^th 
M  to  the  roads  of  Ohio  bvJhf?'-,  ^*  Buffalo  tShn,^."®*^«' ^d  t5 
Jiouis  of  Canada,  now  i,  „&  ^  ^^^''^  road  tk  "  '^""^^  for- 
liy  wav  of  the  north  sh^l'^r?  "^''^  ^°^"^  «  co^eSn  ^"^*  ^^^^m 

Mm  Monroe;  so  that  bv  J^^  Chicago;  as  is  ih^  ?S^u'.  *^®  Michigan 
[iW  lines  of  railro^ZcZ^'  ^^^*'  ^«^^  Yorkflfr"  S°"th^ 
■^«omd  miles  long.    Fr^Th^'  ««ch  of  whSwm  b^^t^opar- 

F^«gbthecamageoffki^htbn   K  "' ^""^^<^  ««d  eighty 

bt  on  payment  of  cana?  t/ji^     T?^  ^^^n  denied  tnth     ^ 
hy^cles,  it  bLli/'^'''^  an.oun?s  to  a  it.?^r"  ?°«'  «^-     ' 
'ilyofNew  York  S^ond  ,^?^  ^,«ifluence  on  the  i^^uP^^^'^'^^on 
,  r^on  with  the  gTeriakl^^  '^  ^'f  *  ^^«^ted  b^^^^'^  ^^  i*°«- 
Ic«anded,  as  s<^n  as  o^n  J"!  '^^  ^«^^t«^n  ifnes  of '     "^^^    ^ 
P,  West  and  SouthwSt  f '^''^  ^^^«^  between  if  A\?P~^ement, 
F  which  in  this  manner  b;.?"*  ^^^^^otratedtWsLJ^'''^  States 
>  western  or  souAwestern  ""^  \  "ecessazy  St  in  fi  "P°"  ^«t 
» result  was,  the  int^  j      •"  '"^'-cbant,  visitinr*!      "  *^«  «>"te  of 

f"*  work  ever  aSm^"^".  '*«"  ^orHil^  .£  w°'='  ■»  *« 

"«»«  are  on  the  mLvT"  "^^  y«  reaiiSd      li''  ""T^ti.m 
mm  my  eoS  ,n?l,  T^P^'on^ve^^nnJ^  road  and  aU 

I  l»««K.s     r?.  '™"'»s  a  sV  of  dy>„   ""mber  of  independent 

A  i^'oces  the  company 


I  I 


i 


fm 


ft  Doc.  18ff. 


^''^'J'!^^^^^^^^  ^^^^  confus.onanddela, 

ley  iB  reached,  important  l^^^J^^J^'^J^^^^  Dunkirk  in  addition.  The 
Ses  at  all^he  PO^jf' ^^J^h^fare te  Syracuse  and  BmghanjiHon, 
more  important  o\^^^^Xnd0.v^egoroad;  the  Cayuga  and  bu^ 
in  connexion  with  th^  ^y'^^^"',^^ lake  Ontario,  Auburn,  aiid  New  \ork 
quehanna,  in  connexion  ^^^j^^^^ J;'^  ■  connexion  with  tlic  CananJah 
?oad ;  the  Canandxtigua^and  Corning.^.^^^^  ^^^^^  ^^^^  ^^^  ^^,k.  and 

§^e%^'JoS  Ne^^^^^^^^  of  the  West  will  1.  in. 

By  means  of  all  these  /eeoer^.  j.^^^  .^^^  Qntano, 

ceptJd  .t  -r^^S^;UXttgCtUunkline.  Measures  are  ab 
aifi  coUecfed  and  fo^'^Kf  ^^  f^  road  with  Erie,  Pennsylvania,  by  a  hnel 
in  progress  to  connect  tt««  ^"JJ^f^  ,vith  Pittsburg  by  means  of  ttel 
running  direct  trom  Little  Y,  i?hardly  possible  to  conceive  a  road  ^^nt| 
AlleghliiyVaUeyradroadJti^haK^^^^^^  possessing  capacities  for  ^ 
Irf  fa/orablc.dm3ct^on  and  -nnexio^  ,  jo.^^.^^  ^^^^  ^  ^^^^^ 

more  extensive  business,  or  country.  i 

Pantrelation  to  the  co»-erce  of  the  whole^  ^^^  ^y^^      ^  . 

^This  road  was  opened  Jrbusme^^j^„,i^     ,h  of  tim 
>1    It  has  not,  therefore,  bf  ^^^  ^^fp^okible  influence  upoir>^stern  J 
'      Scf  loralintrnVrr^^^^^^  -  concerned,  it  base 

Wed  the  taost  sanguinejxpecmtions^^^^  ^^^^^^^^  ^^^  uri^oxmu 

In  this  connexion  it  "[^'^y  ?f  ^         ^he  J/AaKJ/  o"*^  S^i^quclmmu. 

let  from  the  Erie  road  ^o  tide-Mja ter^tn  ^  construct  which  haj 

ioad,  is  about  to  be  comrnenced    the^^^^  Binghamplon  to  aJ 

already  been  secured      The  dismn     ^^  ^^  ^^^  ^ork  by  tlieLncjJ 

this  route  wiU  be  143  ^'l^s,  aga  ^^^^  ^^st  difficult  andj 

From  Binghamptongomg  east  c^^^^^^^^         ^.^       des,  short  ^ 

pensive  poruons  of  the  J!.rie  7^"'         ^  *  the  roatl^per  mile,  than 

Zes,  an^a  much  g-fj. X'  tir  ^"°"  BinghaSipton  to  Al^ 

portion  of  the  hns  west  of  tha^  I^n^,^  favorable;  and  there  can be^ 

Se  route  is  very  du^ect,  and  the  gr  ^  thrown  uponj 

doubt  that  a  considerable  P^^^'^";;^^^^^^^         thi  Albany  and  SuJ 

Erie  road,  will  find  its  wi^y  |«  f^^^J'^'  ^^e  case  with  freight  M 

hanna  road.     Such.  P^^cularly,  ^j^^  be  ^^^  ^^^^er  of  r>5lroaH 

K^nlSL^vrm^;^^^^^^^ 

-     main  trunk  from  all  its  f^^^J^J^'     ^anee  of  Ihe-last  nam^lpJ 

Tl'hc  best^ommeiitarjr        r  Vi,p,niv  of  Albany,  Nvfeich*«fyr^ 

,  .  is  to.be  found  in  the  action  «/  ^b^^uiy  ol  Ai      y^^  ^^^^  ^  ^^  ^ 
bhercorporate,capacit;y,mad^asu^^^^^^ 

■°^^lsri;.g"t:^^^Si\^'^^^^^^^^ 


with 


^93 

^  view  to 


Yow  which  have  been  const 

tbdr  becoming  avenues  of  thrjadel^"  '"  ^^-^s. 

Erie  and  Champlain  canals  '^'^  ^^'  ^"d  the  West 

Amount  estimated  for  rnmr.7  V- 

Hudson  river  raikoad       P^"^'''"  ^^  Erie  canni::' 

Harlem  railroad 

Utica  and  SchenectadVrfdWf ■  -  -  -  " 

Albanjr^nd  Schenect^i^Xli -  ^ 

Syracuse  and  Utica  raiC'^'''' ---' 

iBomeaiidWatertown  railroad 

IJSackett's  Harbor  and  Fn.„K      i 

^  York  and  Erie  raS^^^^  ^^^^^oad  ...:;; ; ;  " " 


Buffalo  and  New  York    -  ^^^^  railroad . 


JbanyandSusqueh^nSSoal?- 


$26,000,000 
9.000,000 
J  2,000,000 
4,873,317 
4.143,918 
1.740,449 
2,570,891 
6,464,362 
2,228,976 
1.600,000 
588,768 
1,500,000 
350,000 
26,000,000 
3,500,000 
2,000,000 
1,500,000 
4,350,000 

_110,410,681 


NoTB.-The  cost  of  the  Sodn«  K  .JAMIO^ 

U  Auburn  and  New  Vort      •?  ^""^  ^"^  Southern  nn.uiTTT^ 

[Mmd,fro.ike\n.j  ofNe.  York  .    ;..  '°''  ^ 

Hke  up  the  line  fir^^  iTclforJ^'X"^^^  Cana^.^T,      „«  , 
p  very  important  roil  fA^f^^  ^^^  Y^ork  to  M«„^    i     "'^"^ 
Sisthe  coiSSLl  em^  ■'''"'""'■^^  ^"^l  travel     -R  "*^!^  ^°°«^- 

tM^T'^°"'=--'h»  river  S^rdXr-  ""<'  "^"^  ""'g?' Jbe  S; 

gMW    The  firstlSTwlry  T  ""^'^^  distance,  of 

'"'"  "Per^tion,  composed 


.?^^ 


«X.. 


:".^j 


•" 


294 


H.  I>oc.  136. 


u. 

mm 

1 

W  ■  1 

\t    ^«t,+  nnrl  Canada,  and  Charaplain 
Of  the  Rutland  and  Burlington  'V^T^"^^^*,  an     ^^^^  ^,  ^est  U 

and  St.  Lawrence  roads     A  road  is  f^J^^  ^jn  g,ve  two  disUnct 
orLake  Cbamplam,  which,  wneu         i  ^^^  Montreal.    From 

•Snes  for  the  whole  ^-^^^^^^XZerZ^  to  Whitehall,  the  southern 
Albany  and  Troy  a  railroad  IS  m    p  operation  horn  Montreal  to 

terminus  of  the  lake.     A  ;^^^^/^\,f;;,i\es,  Ld  a  comparatively  short 
Plattsburg,  a  distance  «*  a^out  s     y     ^^^  independent  route  between 

s,°&'-ar«^  "ff-  ''-'■'  ^"'''  *™  "  ''"^''  '"'^ '" 

an  amount  of  travel  f"Jly/n ,  I'^giness  is  nqt  so  large  as  its  passen- 1 
h  sustains.    Its  through-freight  bu^^^^^^  of  the  line  follows  the 

get  travel,  for  Uie  reason  rtiat  a  iarg  ^^^  ^ater-line,  which,  m  the 
Snmediate  bank  of  an  ^JfjrYeavy  freight.  In  the  winter  it  ^^■& 
summer  season,  «"«;°"jf;Jf  ^fS  as  of  travel.  As  a  pleasure 
become  the  ^bannel  of  trade  as  .y  ,eto,talarge 

route  it  presents  ^"eommon^racton       ^^^  .^^^^^  ^^^^  ^ 
business  in  the  dull  ^^ason  fot  irei^  ^  ^^^^^^  capable  o  sup- 

^i  New  Yorl^^however,  t^^v^^^^se^  ^^^^  ^^^^^  agricultural  and  mu. 

f rS^resources.  topo^n-apbical  features  of  this  countiyj 

Among  the  most  remarkable  to^o«    P  ^     the  Hudson  a^ 

is  the  severance  «^/^^  S'f^nd  ^nB  Ldce  cLmplam  on  the  otherJ 
Mohawk  rivers,  on  the  one  hand,  ana  of  seventy  mild 

8o  deep  are  these  indentations  that  the       a«g  ^^^^^  ^^^^^  ^ 

Z  the'canal,  occupying  g^^^-^m  those  flowing^hto  t^Hud. 
waters  running  into  Lake  "f^*° J'^^^^st  of  the  Allekianies,  i^  ucail^ 

Sver,  and  which  corre^P^lV  J^J^^^^  Lake  Erie,fand  mi^ht,  J 
one  hundred  feet  below  the  siurtace  ^^^^      V^  I 

some  additional  expense  have  been  tea    ^  g^  j  „J 

.  Lake  Cbamplam  is  ^fy^'^^-^ZloIrone  bundled  mi  to 
summit  between  it  and  the  ^s""  twenty-three  feet  above  t 
seven  feet  above  tide-w^ter,  and  on^  J     In  apprbachmgN^ 

S^ter  where  the  Champlain  c.ma    mtefseas^^^^  ^^  ^^ 
York  from  the  interior,  which  ^^  in  m  ^     j^^i  transit,  nothd 

the  above  routes  axe  the  7^!^ -^^^^^^^^  j^l  these  facts  thatc^ 

being  lost  in  overcommg  ^d^eise  gr  ^^^^  commerce 

?itu^  these  routes  ^eys  to  an  ™p-J;^ 

the  country,  and  have  ':e"^e':ed^  ^^  ^^^^^^,  ^^^     thesej 

They  are  as  wel  adapted  to  raiiroa  ^^^^.^  ^^  g^^  ^^.j 

pressions  are  bounded  by  highranges^ot^n^    ,  ^         ^^^^  ^^^^     i 

SIvigation  on  |he  Hudson  must  b^^  Albany] 

ant  mterior  pmnts  in  the  ^«Vf"^^^^^^^^^^^ 

Trnynre  the  cities  of  the  eastern  States,  lying    i  ^^^^  ^,diatingp( 

^        tSsiblefrom  the  xntenor,  ■ffl«^»^e  ^^V^^^^^nt.    The 'f 

of  some  of  our  most  ^^ ^"f  J"''fver  a  J^  roads,  which 

these  to  tide-water  ^«  ^^e  Hudso^^^^^^  ^^^^  ^e    ,H 

the  same  r^ation  to  the /oads  «^cuPy^^^^  ^^^^^    These 

does  the  Hudson  river  to  the  Lne  ana  onuiui  , 


H*.   Doc.   136. 


m 


are  a  sufficient  illustration  of  tho  • 
Hudson   river   and   Harlem    roads 'TJ!!^*  "^'^'""^  b°rne  by  the 
«f7-  ^   ,  '  '°  "^^  ^'^«ad   system  of  the 

BaUroadi  from  Lake  Chn^^i  •         ,    ^ 

Ti  railroads  have 
most  important 


.dSt.  Lawrence  a^d  tTe"^XbttdT"^^---'^^«  ^^^-plain 
,^/ro^"  .^.riefly  described  'TfeJhJ'"'''?^  '^^^^^^  ^^ve 
.^^^"^"^^"'"•nffthe  above  waters  is  ri.  i  '^^^  inost  important 
lake  with  the  f'ver  St.  Lawrence  i  nJ.^  Northern,  connectiU  ^e 
ialJs  on  that  river.  This  xx>ad  SotK  "h^"^g.  '^  Pomt  abovf  thi 
properly  a  ^«,to«  work,  as  it  was  „Hnn  .  ^  f  T  °^  ^«^  York  is 
for  Its  construction  by  that  4^  I?  L  Tei""^'^' "^^ ^  ^"^"i'hed 
opens  to  the  roads  terminating  there  the ^n^^  m  "^^  ^^^  ^^hi<=h 
lakes.  b   "'6*^6  the  navigable  waters  of  the 

I    An  important  extension  of  th' 

era  angle,  near  Potsdam,  to  Sa^keTt^Hnl"''^'"  '^°?^''»^^  ^^m  its  south- 
Urpletjon  of  this  link  will  form  a  coi^^^^^  ^^^  Ontario.  The 
lite  northern  portions  of  New  York  SJof      r"  ?^^^^^™ads  through 

all  the  important  ports  on  the  eLternT        r^r  ^^^«  Champlain  with 
The  three  leaiing  linesaSr  des^Sbed'^^'^^  """^"^^ 

IbrancH  the  great  routes  of  railway  trSnd  ^°"^^^"te.  with  their 
lof  New  York.    In  addition  to  th^  //        £  ^nd  commerce  in  the  State 
Ltes  capable  of  supplyi„'g  ^xt^^Tt^TT  ^'^  ^  ^^«^  ' 
IliDes  m  western  New  Yort.     'Th^Zl  ■■    ^^?^'  Particularly  the 
l^veya  sufficienUy  accurate  idea  of  tSr"  ^^  ^J^""^  ""^^wS 
Jeu-  respective  branches  without  a  Li?  ,J'  ^""^  characteristics  of 
^  The  most  considerable  line  of  roarPn        "^'^^  °*  ^«  l««er. 
\^  Hand  road.    This  was  one  of 'th     P"?^"^^ly  alluded  to,  is  the 
kState.  and  was  constructed  chi'flv  to  TJ^T'  "'T^^  «*"  **^«  ^^^dln 
w«n  the  Cities  of  New  York  and  BoLn   ^"r*"'"''''^'^  '^'^  travel  be- 
Je  feet  that  tlje  pioneer  work  should  K?'        '^  "^  somewhat  remarka- 
"uterf  travel  between  the  abo^^"^eities  "T  T""'^^  "H""^«»«d  as  a 
"inodate  tlie  local  business  upon  ks  lln.        ,  """"^  °"^3^  "««d  to  ac- 
e^^ded  i  a  work  of  much!""  ^^^^^^      ^"^  consequently  cannot 
P^««re  ««rf  Hudson  caml.-^CZVrk  wn« 
piposeofopening  an  outlet  fr)r  thl         i        ,^^  constructed  .for  thp 
Udsfm^  Roundoutt  H^nesdXtT  ^  ^T^^^--  coa;:fidd! 
Nes,  and  is  connected  at  E  pface  "kh'lh'^^'^T]:"','^  ^'•^^^'^"ce  of 
k  It  IS  a  well-constructed  work  nf  I  ^^^  coal-fidds  by  a  rail- 

K  useful  one,  not  onironTctunt  oTitT^'f  ^'  "?^  ^^^  P'-^ved 
^fr^venue,  but  from  its  locaUraffic  "'"''^  trade,  whence  its 

fes^:tt^e^?^^^^^^^^^^^  of  two  con- 

^tester  following  the   "lEToTthe  r  ^^'^'"^^^^  ^^^n  the  city  of 

hher  from  Buffalo,  probaUv  to  th.   ^^"*=«^«."ver.  to  Olean;  Ld 

kthe  construction  of  tSo",f?  f""^  pom^'     The  objects  in- 

km.  the  communicatiot^Sefc  'P'"^'"'  ^^  ^°««J  conside  L 

.teiyvalley  road  with  ^iSSr^d^^^^^  through  the  "~^ 

"jyf^ania.    Both  routes  fratersSl       ?''^"^"^^^  '^^  "°«»»«™ 

■ot  fad  to  afford  a  goo<|  bSss      Th      f  ^'^^^  fertiUty,  which 

«  between  Buflalo^axid  SeL  T/:''^"^  "^  ?  ^^^^  con- 

'tocnester,  the  two  most  important  cities 


II 


'  't'L  ■'■*•"*  "'* 

'jf.  *^'  Jar  ♦-  yi.u  iL 


Aw^  ■'..'■ 

", .,: 

Ill 

iiy 

H'- 

I^bB 

M  ^i< 

fU  ^    , 

I'^ll 

9  41 ' 

■li,! 

III 

11 

't 

II 

11 

i  '■ 

''■ 

II 

B^ 

II'  ' 

II 

111 

lit 

II 

■  BiB 

i-l'' 

^H^H 

B^k-Ib 

|m  j  *   :  - 

n 

Bn 

m  ■■■■| 

II 

II 

K 

II 

I'll 

Sill 

H 

liH 

Bli^ 

^1 

III 

Ky 

III 

11 

m 

m 

Sd6 


II.  Doc.  18fl>* 


of  western  New  Yo}kr4nd  Plusburg.  wWch  «  »'  tbe  bead  of  naviga. 
tion  on  the  Ohio,  wiU  be  ^"f  I^  JP^""^^.  ^m  .bow  how  compW. 
U  ai^  t:;:,rr^uM c  woXZK  York,?onsu»c^^^  with  a  vU='»  „, 
IS  tbe  sysieui  ui  F""  «f  ti,^  interior  of  the  country.  As  previously 
SS°at^e*;«l  of  .tot;:rruUy  fall»  u,;L„  the  ^atlfc! 
statea,  a  '78?  F""  j.        „thin''  a  market.     The  importance 

S'aLTth'eTorkltLrt'd  r^^^^^^  has  been  the  Eri^^. 
^hlt  workcoinesl  contact  with  the  lakes  at  on  y  two  pouitg^te 
1  hat  worK  comes  ^       ^^^^  ij^nd,  by  the  gre^ter^ihty 

^It^SctS^oP^s  many  ouaets  to  the  lakes  to^ate; 

Is    here  are  harbors  upon  the  former  accessible  to  Us  c<femerc.al 

marine     New  York  is  now  profiting  to  the  utmos  by  her  ad^njages 

Preference  to  western  trade.    Nearly  every  good  harbor,  as  ^eU  on 

Lake  Erie  al  on  Ontario,  either  is  or  soon  w.U  be  connected  v,  b 

tidt-water  b^  railroads,  actualljr  constructed  or  m  progress.    Alrea,J- 

suet  connqions  are  formed  wTth  the  harbors  of  Gape  Vincent,  Sack- 

ett's   hS.   and  Lewiston,   on   Lake  Ontario ;   and   roads  ^e  . 

proBress  fmm  Great  and  Little  Sodus  bays  and||ftrlotte,  with  s.m.k 

oS.   On  Lake  Erie,  roads  already  extend  fr^Tonawanda  Black 

oDjecis.   wu^  '     and  Erie,  Pennsylvania,  to  Ude-water;  so 

fhS    iat!tVonlf^'om^^^^^  traL  of  the  West,  at  B* 

S  Osweeo,  iere  are  to  be  at  least  six  tmies  that  number  m  New 
York  abnf   The  focilities  given  to  the  commerce  of  the  counUy.,by 
StheS^Unes  must  prove  not  only  of  utility  to  this  commerce  buUoj 
Se  tSdel^d  prosp^ity  of  the  State  and  city  of  Newlorfe.   T^ 
SdiSnal  ^enSes  tVmik^t,  already  opened  and  m  progress,  wJU^ 
fhShy  competition,  reduce  the  cost  of  transportation  to  he  M 
wSKnt,  and  stimulate  the  movement  of  property  and  mer  J3, 
S?se  to  r  extraordinary  degree.     While  every  region  of  the  In 
States  is  making  extraordinary  exerUons  to  turn  to  themselves  tl 
Iterior  trSle  oFthe  country.^New  York  is  preparing  for  the  a 
SrrSdable  competition  with  her  rivals,  and  makes  the  most  of 
me^s  within  her  reach  to  maintain  her  present  preemmence. 

RAILROADS  OF  NEW  ENGLAKD. 

Sme  of  Ma.,aa«*em.-Population  in  1830,  610,408;  In  m ^^^^^ 
699rin  I860,  994,614.     Area  in  square  miles,  7.800;  inhabitant  ^ 

in  1860.  314^0.    Area\n  square  miles,  10,212 ;  inhabitants  to  squ 

284,574;  in  1860,  317,976.     Area  in  square  miles,  9,280 ,  mliab.lai] 
to  square  mile,  34.26. 


H-    l>oc.    138; 


sk 


''^^  Mauachtuett,  System. 
Under  this  head  will  h«      *u  v 

ir^ra,  road—No  sooner  had  2.    "  ".'^  "f  "^"on.  ''^'^ 

munication  by  water      Jf V5"P««?i»»lUy  of  opening  anvs,,?.  m'^  P'^ 

0  a  people,  than  any  similar  w^n  th-  ^  advancement  and  welfare 
of  the  enterprise,  the  early  p^  '.o""'''T'  *''•«'«  the  largeness 
It  was  undertaken,  and  thi  ^-m     .  ?*  °"'"  radroad  historv  J^^ T^l 


"*  -     *'  .  1' 


1! 


U* 


S9B 


H.  Doc.  ia5i 


flttf 


Utlet  to  the  products  "f^^^^^J  "1^"^"^^^^  JubM  pursuit  to  an  extraor- 
eign  commerce,  and  f  ^"^"^^"^."J^J^tlmt  have  followed  its  openin., 

^l:;5.:S^%  Boston  to  '^^^jr^^^:^::^ 

The  Western  railroad,  though  ^^^^""^^^^^^^  State,  than  eitl.cr 

ing  a  wider  influence  upon  ^^e  varied  inteests  ^^^^^^^  ^^  ^^^ 

Jre  or  could,  vj^li  ^i"'^^^",  ot the  western  produce  reaching 
city  of  Boston  only  a  ««^f  ^P?^"*?  ^^  \^  avenue  for  this  produce,  is 
AlUny.  As  tlje  canal,  ^»f ^'^X^"^;'^^^^^^^  pn  the  Hudson  river, 
in  operauon  only  durmg  the  P«"*^^  °'  ";3ed  to  New  York  by  w^ter 
it  isYound  that  this  produce  can  b«  for  va^^^^^^^^  to  ^^  transi^rtation 
much  cheaper  than  to  Boston  by  raiko^^^^^  of  theVearfor 

always  deterrnines  the  '•««'^;^X„vr  Liverpool  at  a  cost  ,ot 
freights,  flour  is  often  sent  from  Albany  i  _j  ^  ^^ 

exceeding  twenty-fave  "^^'^'l^lX^lZl.     The  Western  railroad, 

rifL£"5.oWc^^^^^^^^^^^  -^-^v^'^  r& ' 

a^n^fcTchusetts  ^^^^^^^^^^^  ^l^ fo^^   S^ 
found  unable  to  compete  with  the  Hud^^^^^^^^  ^^  ^^^  ^^.^ 

designed  for  exportatioii  to  ^^'^  ^^^^^ji      objects  of  its  cor,8tru^ 
States.     It  failed  to  secure  one  "'^'^^^X  ascribed  to  the  iica  upon 
tion.     Its  fault,  however  W-as  -^  - -"^^  Xted  to  accomplish^TJ 
.which  the  road  waa*uilt,as  to  the  rou  from  the  influence  of 

object.     It  was  felt  that  a  rou  e  ^^rther^^mov  ^^^  ^^.^  ^^  | 

,    thi  New  York  ^^J ^'t--?  «[  P.f '^  JcT^^^^^^^  from  Boston  to  the 

viction  led  to  the  project  «f.^^^;r^^^^J^^^^  {he  north  ofXake  Cham- 

r  «-^!?hrrel£tfrorJ^^^^^^^^  competition,  ana  fro.  the 
S;^:;tiJiSi;::^e^other.^^^ 

^4?ter;r:iducra?arr^^^^^^^^^       ^-^-M 

"Vr^  line  has  been  ^-f^^^^^  ^^  ^^f  C 
into   operation    to  predict,  wth    any    ^"'^".^'    „„rallcl  lines:  ond 
Boston^to  Lake  Champlain  it  -  ^«X5lVua  ^ndCv^^^ 
made  up  of  t^e  Boston  and  Lowell,^^^^^^^^^  ^^,^^^  „f  ^^ 

.Northern  (New  Ha™pslure,   a^^^^^^^^  Cheshire  a»^ 

Fitchburg,  a  part  ol  tl^  vernioiiL  a       ,    nj^^in,  these  roads ai 
Rutland  roads.    From  Burrin^on  on  Lake  <^ia^^^^^^    '    y^rm^iA 
carried  forward  "!«>"  f  ^''''T^hC.NwC)  roads,  to  Ogded 

Canada,  and   Ogden«b"'-g1^«'^^hX  ra,^^^^^^ 
burg,^n  the  St^l^-nc^^ 


4"  m 


l-f^Doc;   186. 


299t 


knsive 'schemes  bccmi  to  OTv    a- 

enterprises  in  that  quarter?  ThrCmrr '''"T'^^  »«  »^^  rai^^^^^^ 
fheOgdensbur^  roacTs  we^  commenced   ^f""^"^'  'he,  Rutland,  and  . 
Wing  object  m  their  construction  w^^..     ""'^^  «"nuItlineou8ly.     The 
adverted.     Only  with  such  Sts  to  h^'  m-^^">''  "«  f^ave^al  Jdy 

pi«bed.     Men   were  called    upon   t!.'  m        ^'"''^  ''^^«  been  accom- 
uder  a  conviction  that  they  wcrm-Lr^--'-^"^    they    contributSl 
^  fijture.and  prospective  gJd     '^  t^«-^'«"t  P^sent  sacrifices  for 
^orks  have  beep  sustained^rd  c  Jid  T"''''"^  ^'^^  ^vhich   these 
the  most  djacouraging,  and  Snd';  «f /^n'"' t""/^^'"  ^"^'•-'"^^^ncS 
money  market,  reflects  hiirh  crrrht  T   ""7'^'?'P^ed  -pressure  in  tl^ 
who.  the  njoney  for  themes  been  creSv'f.'^  ^"^1^  «^  B°«»«"  ^ 
msAh  evidence  of  the  value  of  the  S^J   "."''"!'  ""^  ^«  »he  best 
I    .^y  Cleans  of  the  line  above  described  „     7^^\  ^^  ^^  ^''»ed- 
wrth  Montreal,  through  which  £  ctl^re'"-^' '""^ '«"  ^«^"«ne<i 
krforein^n  imports,  both  from  the  UnS  ^uT^'  ^^"^««  "'"^"nt  of 
TtustradeJias  akeady  far  exropjll  •  ^^'^  and  Great  Britain 

Boston  is  a  convenient  wLSr'^orf  r*'''^^^'"*'^" '  «"d  as  the  d^f 
doobtedly,  continue  to  recdte/]"  '  ^''"^''^^J.  the  latter  wilT^ui 
iBeithandise  through '  the  Ser^^-  """•""'  «f  her  winter  suppliesTf 
Uffic,both^rothe?ailroadfc^;S^^^^^  ^« '-^  If  ge  and  pKVe 
dve^  andlending  to  strengS  thel  ftL^^^^^^^  and  to  the  citL  them! 

hnJonbtedly.  supply  the  demand  fbTSL^^ '' '^^".""^"^'*'  ^'  ^i«. 
I^y  not  only  secure  a  profitable  ^affic  but  T'""'^-^""'  *»"^  '»  t^is 
Ittemanufactunng  and  commercial  rhS,  " f  lE  ""1."^  ,^^^*  "^^y  to 
l^cles  of  flour,  corn,  and,  cured  prSonshT  ^H"^^'     ^or  the 

l%nd  principally  upon  the  West/TosZlv^^^  England  States 

Wtious,  and  convenient  manner  the^ff!^  r'^-  ^^^^^«  ^  'i  cheap, 
fcot  only  traverses  many  of  the  most    mrfr   ^'"^•''  "^^^'^  «'^«Ptcd.    E 
>  connects  with  otl  J  roaxis  pene tS?"'  P"'"'^  «^  eonsUjHion 
N  England.  '  penetratmg  every  nnportant  portion  of 

_^  Were  those  iijjmediately  interested  in  tl,«     i 

^eradvantagethanthdt^frec-Stieir  nn'J?°^  to  derive  no 

MWding  over  them  in  retum^thnTPPi.-'^^'^'^^'^'-n  Products, 
H  be  fully  compensated  ibr  Tn  t  ""^  "j"''"  ''^^^  ^^^^o^es,  they 
fes  of  New  Enid  Jn  plk  ton^^^^^  T1-.  unexai^^S 

l^dvantoges  of  soif  and  climatrprove?  L    .      ' '?  'P'^^  «*'  ^^  l^er 
fc  J  ^r;«ht  of  her  people  in  S'ScHn    .1?""'^"'^^"^^'  ^^^  ^i«- 
l^oad,  which  ally  them  to  tL  moheTS?^/'''"',""'"^'-""^  ^'"««  of 
f^ountry.  "^"^^  fertile  and  productive  portion^  of 

i^  distance  from  Boston  to  Qflii^n  J ^-     .^ ^ ^_ 

^-five  miles.     The^s^S^d^K  "^'^'^^  ^"•^^^d^ 
flju- between  the  two  hav^rS  from  ^  ?"'P"'^^^^^  of  a  barrel 


..:_. !»^  f,|/ :^^;  ♦;..'>  J4:1l 


■(W 


14  '  J 


w 


o 


oc: 


m 

►f. 

m 

Mmh 

w 

1 

} 

H 

I 

<*■ 

It 

!   i 

il|r{| 

M^  -    <-  •' 

wH*'^') 

inH  '  1 

H 

m. 

^ 

^00  Hi  Doc.  13^  * 

^-  r.  nf  the  above  line  the  grades  are  somewhat  unfavorable,  but  not  t' 
SHo  thL  utoToSS  linef  of  road  that  aspire  to  a  laxge  through. 

traffic.      .     ' 

fw  tfie  purpose  of  securing  to  Jioston  me  iraae  oj  i  j 

rence  and  the  West. 
Western  railr,^d,  including  Albany  and  West  S.ikbrldge.  «9,95g 

Boston  and  Lowell 651,214 

Lowell  and  Nashua '""'"""."'....".' 1,485,000 

Concord. .  i 7 " ' "_' 2,7G8,O00 

Northern . , "          " ' 8,500,000 

Vermont  Central 3,612,486 

Fitchburg.  -  -  - -  •  -  -  - '.".'..".'".'...  3,450,004 

Vermont  and  Massachusetts 2,7f 7,843 

Cheshire " " "  ] ^^5Oo'o00 

Rutliind. . . .  - .-  -  -  - j_J  1,500,000 

Vermont  and  Canada. 6,200,000 

Ogdensburg  or  Northern ----' -      - 

.„  V'  46,343,951 

Althoueh  only  a  portion  of  the  Vermont  and  Mnssaohusctls  road  i. 
nse^trraUeUre,  the  total  COS.  oftheroadm^^^^^^^ 
posed  to  make  this  road  a  part  of  a  new  Imeto  m  West, 

''^rSn'to'lhTrdrSg  «  Lake  Champlain  there  J 
in  aaaiuoii  lu   t  r^nnprticut  and  Passumpsic,  and  the  Ml 

r  C^Xl^M^^r^^i^  former  in^Vermont.  and  J 
Ster  in  New  Hampshire-having  a  general  northerly  diredjon.  wW 
STdes^sned  to  be  Sltimately  extended  to  Montreal.    The  former  hj 
oW^S    Tnhnsburv    a  distance  of  two  hundn-d  and  th.rty-cightl 
Ses  fim  Bo^^^^^^^^^  and  thirty-two  from  New  York-" 

SeheT^St  thon  any  yet  attained  by  any  New  England  road,  will 
the  fxcepCn  of  die  AUantic  and  St.  Lawrence  and  t^e  Vermont^ 
Canada  Cds.  The  latter  is  nearly  completed  to  Wells  nver,  jhe« 
^Zn  a  junction  with  the  Connecticut  and  Passumpsic  road  Tb 
toeHiU-'undoubtedly  be  «<^\e^tended  about  thirty  mi  es^aj^ 
Srth,  to  Island  PoiiU,  which  is  the  point  of  lunclion  of  the  « 
^d  St  Lawrence  and  St.  Lawrence  and  Atlantic  railroads,  thmuj 
which  t  will  have  a  railroad  connexion  both  with  Montreal  and  Q  j 
W  Thlfioston,  Concord,  and  Montreal  railroad  is  now  being  j 
^n'ied  to  lSu.  a  distance  of^enty  -i^es  fanh^^^^^^^^^^^ 

.tedly  h&^  continued  up  the  valley  oftheC^neO^^^^^ 
purpose  bfforming  ajunction  wTtli  the  Atlantic  and  St.  Liim^ncc  x^ 

^'''i^B:Zand  W^cter  road,  next  to  the  Western,  is  die  niost  .J 
portant  project  in  the  State.    With  the  former,  it  "^f  ^^^«  ^^^^^^^^^^^ 
trough  tJlc^  Albany,  previously  noticed.    It  is  ^^c  ""ly  «';;  'J 
municauon  between  the  city  of  Boston  and  the  central  poruonso. 


I.:f  -.f 


■  <Mi. 


^'^ 


H.   Doc.  136. 


•  •     •~^"^»   -too.  •  -i^ 

SWe,  and  comniands  a  We^cal  rpv  ^^* 

oT^ScSe^t:^^^^^^^^^  '^^^r^'i:t^^     -^  Nashua 

tersegting  roads.     Thov Xl^     T"''^"*  °^  ^^at  tWdlZ    P^"^-^^ 
the  Stnte%nd  the  forS-^H^y  rank  amona  fheTfr^  ^'■'"" '"" 

Of  the  roads  raiS  J  V^'  \P^""^^^  ^^''k  of  fhe  kLi  fn  IS^  '''''^'  «*" 
ingline  is  the  BosSn '^^J'^^p^^^^^^on  ^  ^  SQuthe^^ection'r^^T 
ante  from  connecting  tte  twn  r*^^""^' '^^'^^  der4s  es^^ 
forms  a  part  oConenfth         °  '^''§^^«t  cities  in  NeZiT^f^  '^Po^- 

to  one  of  thereat  rnnfo!  T  "®  "ecessaii  y  intimaf^  ri^i  ,-'  •  ""^^^ 
ppitant  road  hSLZfh  ''^^^'""^^'•^e  and  Uavel  Thf  ^''^"  "  ^^''^'•^ 
P,^v.ich  contct^tTon^^^^^^^^^  ^-ir^^SiS^ 

town,  and  const  tutes  a  nn.f ;        i?     ^^  ^'^er,  a  laipp  ,„, J^  r    ^"y«*^ 

«rfitfawand£a»^crttroad/Tr^^*'''"PO'-tant  works  fh.  r 
i  traveling  the  northeVJ^      '  ^""^^"^  Boston  with  thrSof'     r  .f"*'^ 

'weriJntish  province'*  wh,.,i  ■    i     .     ^^' John  and  H«lifi.^   •     Y 


B02 


H.  Doc.  136. 


x^ 


m  : 


yi 


^iM 


fv 


11 

;ipi    fl 

1 

F^;i  >   i**      ^^ 

^ 

mU;      -   ^        m  > 

.», 

lift 

■^i. 

III 

i 

s  •     •     1         •       ■     the  CO 

fetrucuon  of  this  road  ^^^«^^?.X"ng  drawn  off  to  Boston  on  the  one 
the  interior,  and  to  prevent  Its  tengdra^  ^^^^^^^  ^^  ^j^^  ^     ^^ 

band,  and  Portland  on  the  other.  ^  m«  ^^„  ^i^h  the  line  already 
Portsmouth  all  thejidvantages  ^^  ^^^^'^^^^.g  ^  draw  to  herself  the 
^^r'^Ah^'we^a  und^c^fS^  Contribute  much  to  sust^ 

The  Une  of  road  traversing  "' ^  ,:^^ .» j^d  those  traversing 

York  sysKim.        ^^^j^^  j^  bhode  ISLAM). 

,    .       •     loqn    9qqf»75:   in  1840,  309,978;  io 
'-  Co««ecti«^.-PopulaUon  m  1^0    f/'^;  Inhabitants  to  square  mile, 
1660,  370,791.    Area  m  square  miles,  4,o  /  * , 
W.SS.  „       ,    .       .     loqn    07  199;  in   1840,  108,830;  in 

^and  some  of  them  ^^^P^'^^^^' ^Xof  oAer  States,  in^ connexion  wiik 
relations  they  sustain  ^J^^J'^^^^S  ^^  routes  of  travel, 
^hich  they  ^^^'"''^''^^^TthenriSe  ^eat  Une  connecting  Boston  aa^ 
The  most  comment  ^^  ^J^^^. '^"Ji^Connecticut  is  made  up  of  thel 
New  York.    The  porUon  of  this  J"f  ^^^J^       jjartfard,  aJSjniA 
New  York  and  New  i^^r^^^^'^^ZZn^^  the  Western,  and  iSA 
fidd  rii^s.    These  roads,  in  ^°"""^^"JJi  land-route  connecting  Ne^? 
•^d  Wc«^?*er,const^uteth^^eatU^^^^^  ^^.^^  ^^^  mostimpor^ 

England  with  New  York,  which  jusi^  of  the  most  profitable 

pa^enger  roads  in  thf  United  St^s.^  ^^s  o^  ^^^  ^^  J^  birth, 
»The  travel  between  New  York  ^a  ^^^  .^  ^^^^^ 

other  projects,  claimed  'l^J'Z^^l^^Air-Ufu^  road,  designed. 
tion.  *Tr.e  most  V^^^^^^\f^^^^^^^^^  New  Haven  and  Bost« 
follow  a  nearly  straight  rp^^e J)etween^^^  ^^  ^^^  _^ 

Although  this  -1»?-«^J^^ tw  ap^aS  tfbe  a'strong  probabi 
been  commenced,  but  there  ""^  api  ^^^  ^jj  ^a 

that  it  wiU  be  ^"''^^^f.^f^^J^Srof  it  iZ^^^^  Connecticut,a8J 
^uire  the  ^«"g;;j*^2'lli  pSed^^^^^^         Norfolk  county  r«a 
Massachusetts  Imk  w  "^^f <y  Pf", '"^i.u  „  ^ew  to  giv  ng  a  new roi 
Another  road.  con«tmc^«d  mrUj  Jc  Ne^L^^ion  J  New  Ha. 
between  Boston  and  New  York,  s  tne /J^^  ^  eMendedea 

^,  recendjr  opened  to  the  pubUc      m«  'oadjj^.^^  ,,  ^   f^^ 
both  to  Stomngton  ,and  Norwich,  to  lorm  ^^  ^^^^  ^^ 

^,  roads.  ^f^^^^^^^^^jl^^^Jx^M         the  impoiti 
by  water  and  partly  by  railroad. 


m sumpdhdmg  lines  o7«fi'  '"''  *°™&«  »«<i  fZ'„  '^ 
bnaed  for  (fe  comfort  Sd,S™"V  AH  these  routes  are^'^r*  "?'* 
-fay, and  de,p«rS^tC«£tarace„mrd:ar.S4^^ 

fan  Brltepop  to  a,e  State  ofM^T  "*  ""»  «««<».«.,  e«endi„, 
i«i»  ID  the  *eMern  pan  of  f^ff '"""""setts,  and  connectii»  wiri,  t^ 

Utriuagthe  city  ofHTtSloT'-  "•  '""''^ai,  on^the  Hudl 
fc««&vor  by-W  dtie  T/itafS.r'5'o™.'  "«'  «  reISS 
NifcMcting  thenMelves  with  tlSHnHl  °1'^""''<'™«.  »»  a^M 

«  rt^'^^nff"^.'"  fi^«  Maad  ate  the  &»■ 
ter.£"r^^t -.Pa«;c„h..y  »".'c«d.  Which 


-i''.  7    .  ,"    »■  !: 


804 

■with  which 

tweenNew 

treal  and  Quebec. 


H.  Doc.  lae* 


MAINE. 


1    •       -1  Mn  -^99  455 ;  in  1840,  501,798 ;  in  1860,  583,169. 
Populauon  m  1830,  399,4&&^  in  ^      ^  ^.^^^  ^g  ^^ 

Area  in  square  miles,  SO'^^^j* ,  mhabua  h     Connecticut,  the  rai- 

With  the  exception  of  the  J^^ff°;^„  Boston  as  a  common  centre: 
road  system  of  New  EngW  rests  -^-^^^^^tsucted.  The  road.of 
by  the  capital  of  which  it  has  been  ma     y  ^^^ 

fcLffisr sU^rri^^^^^^^  to  the  worUs  alr/ad,  I 

'^^t  tending  road  in  Maine  forms  a  part  of  ihe  ^e  coiinect^^^^^^^^^^^ 

treal  and  Po'^tl-"^  .^ ^^  "?  f^  ^^t^^^^^  Canada.    Thb 

United  States,  and  the  St-  Lawience^  ^^  ^  A 

great  work  was  first  P»T''lti''i',t  froK  overshadowing  influence 
^covering  the  position  they  had  If  ^f^^'^^^^^^^^  amnion  of 

tTptel.  of  all  our  ^^;:^:^r:^^::^o.^  city  ea.  o(  J 

Portland  possesses  some  ^dv^"X%mS,rh^iQ  of  the  Canadas;  alJ 

York,  in  being  nearer  to  Mo^^^f '  ^^^^^  for  a  railroad  fromP 

in  possessing  ^^°^"/i%7^\|i™bair^^       any  other,  east  of . 
Atlantic  coast  .to  the  St.  Lawrence  b     ^^^^^  ^f     ^^^^^^^^,  ^ 

Green  Mountain  range,     ihe  city  ^^^^j  ^ting  these  waters,  J 

all  the  great  lakes  ^Y  the  hu-ge^^^^^^^^^  u|on  them.    M 

the  convenient  ^^^^.f  r^^^J^'^^ay  be  taken  to  £ntreal  at  sligbfl 
once  on  «h^P-^"^,t     L^e  cwTto  Buffalo,  Oswego  or  Ogde? 
r^'^'but  S^want^y  "wint^^^  outlet  from  Montreal  to  tide-water  b 
burg;  but  the  vrant  oi  u  v,rosperity  of  that  city,  and  jr 

seriously  retarded  the  S^^J^*"  ;"  V^     ^es  from  her  connexion, 
vented  W  from  reaping  a^l  the  ^dvantages  i  ^^^  ^^ 

.    her  magnificent  canals  ^^^^^^^  Form'erly  large  an^ 

have  secured  by  a  ^onven  em  wini  ^^^  ^^ 

of  western  Produce  were  usuaUycol^^^^^    tn        ^     g    ^  ^^  n 
months,  ani  warehoused  ull  /P^^^^fr^^eceS  o  V^ 

Shipments  by  tlus  route  '""^^^li'^l^^'^^^^^    ThelnL 

the  commprcial  arrangements  by  which  coi^^^^^  ^^  ^^^^  ^^  j 

difee  are  allowed  to  pass,  ^.^"•^vSfcv  to  divert  alarge  traded 
Bgues  .Thisarrangement^ 

and  prosecuted  the  ^^^''^ 'iLedlTLd  co^^^^^^    on  U  i 


rencenver  and  the  Atlantic  coast     Ju        ,  T* 

eiceeding  fifty  feet  to  the  m.^ '•     ,  ^^^fi^ades  are  favorahl*.  „      u  \ 

«^feet  on  the  oppost  cote  V/' ^^'°"  «^  thnSw^e^!? 
be  five  and  a  half  &pf      ^"«rj,e.     ihg  gauag  of  thp  «.k  V  '^^™?'  or 

this  n,ad.  and  as  ts  oDor..^'  "°  tran.hipfnent  wil  be  ^^     '"^^  ^'  ^ 

management,  it  is  belS'T'  ^^"  ^^  Pl^^edrbstanS'^'^r  "?"" 

much  tower  rates  thanTh!.     ^^'  P^^^^^^e  can  be  trSsnn!^  ^  ""''^'  "'^^ 

As  before  St  j:c^te%rfS,t^^^^  ^"^  '  ^' 

greSlMes.     The  cittK     "^^'''^  ^^^^  of  the  sTlJ^''^'  *^"3^  t''^ 

^^ssion  of  this  tra^e  Lt"^  ^°^^  ^^  so  long  be^^^X''  ^f  '^^ 

oTnpralandinalietbir^^^^^^ 

ing  this  trade  through  a  np^^Jl        ,   "  ^'^^  ^^^a  was  Dronn«^,r  A  ^ 

coastata  point  somf  four  hTndrM""'  ^"^  ^^'^""g'n/Se  X  1^'- 
lapiopositJon  was  enough  fn.'^^'^^^^^^hward/thfbnU  r^°^^ 

las  the  prospect  Was  MUr  T    ",/*^^tedin  the  result    AaL      ^        •" 

ade  to  construct  a  short  roar?  f^^'      Repeated  attemnf «  K.  i  u 
Imfc  ibe  efforts  and  1„m         '^""■"ly,  Ihot  ihev  coTl  5.™'^"™' 

^open  the  fi„t  divisjoofCS  r'"  1°n«truction.  and  wa^  3S? 
^.  at  once  enrp,v^i  :,.-,"'  wincii,  rqp<uniy  f},m.,«k  __  ^a«..8«i- 


„        oA    ^'-»*=»«a,7  balance  h^t^P^f^^^ 


906 


H,  D0C.M86. 


route  practicable  for  a  railraad  fro'J^^^y  ^^^^  „f  p^rtlaiul  .wUl  exceed 
actualtypaid  in  to  the  project  by^J^j^^Pf  gjoO  to  each/represe,ted  ' 
$60  in  cash  fo  each  mdmdual,  »^^d^^^*^"  '{  J   beUeved  that  no  better 
bythecredi/^that^iave  been  extended      It  is  ".^^     enterprise  of  our 

imitated  without  profit.  ,  AtlanUc  and  St.  Lawrence  railroad, 

Prior  to  the  construcUoa  of  the  Atlantic  a^  p^^i^nd,  Saco  and 

the  only  r^oad  of  nnpo^^^^^^^  ^etropohs  with  d,e 

Portsmouth  road,  whiQh  connecica     ..       ^  constructed,  byp 

r^oad  system  of  Massachusetts.  J  hi^roaa^^^^       ^^^^^^.^^  ^j£, 

Xs  interested  in  the  co""^^^"^/^  "!!:f.e^ached,  their  objects  were  re- 
own.      When  the  city  ot  Portknd  ^^'^f^f^oads  in  Maine  wJ 
garded  as  secured,      ^ny  fi^rAej  exten^^^^^  ^^^\ 

Lked  upon  as  ^^  ^oubtfal  utiht^^^^^^  ^^  ^^^^  /^^^  ^^^      \ 

the  great  centre  of  the  New  Englimci  sysiq  ^  •       ^^^  -^^^^A 

Btruction  of  railroads  T'^^^Ip  Trade  oTuieSme,  which  had  \m\ 

might  concentrate  m  thatjriy  he  trade  ot  ^e  b  ^^^  ^.^^^eadyse- 

almost  exclusively  enjoyed  ^y  the  former.  ^^^  ^^A 

cured  and  sufficiently  ^^om"iodated  as^ar  a^  ^^^  ^^     i 

by  the  extensivc^commer^al  m^^^^^^  ^^^  ^^  ^^       ^^^ 

strucuon  of  railroads,  it  was  eit,  m  g  portion  of  the  couit* 

the  grasp  by  which  she  held  it.    J  J^^^^^^^    grew  up  that  Mainc^* 

try  was  embarking  in  '^^'^''^^t'^Serpres  o^  ^Ht  we?e,  the  peooleH 

rSt  the  proper  theatre  for  ^uch  e^jejpm^^;^^^  it  was  know7L » 

their  means  uneaual  to  their  qonstx  ,      ^^^^^^^^^^  came  to  ben 

foreign  aid  woul(f  be  had-    AU  sucn  pr  |    ^  .^^  ^^  ^^    y^ 

garded  with  comparaUveindifttrence.^«^^  proposed,  anS  jd 

Siind  the  AtlanUc  and  St.  Lawrence  scnem  j.^^  ^^ew  EnglaJ 

it  a  system  of  railroads  ^"^^f  -^.i^hin  h^^^^^  ^^'^^ 

State's,  which  ^hr^tTSSrnolXp'ace  her  in  a  command 

and  energies,  and  which  should  not  omyj/  ^^^^  ^^ 

posiuon  iS  reference  ^o  the  tmd-^^^^^  Uie  Old  and  Nj 

Jlace  her  en.  route  of  the  great  line  01  tr    ,  f  ^be  mo8t  fevj 

,       Wld^  P^^^^^^^Vb^^T'^^nili?^^^^^^^^  country  and  ^ 

able  connections  with  ^^^^^^f"'"^'^^^^^^^^ 
foreign  commerce  and  travel.     ^  he»e  pr  p^  .^^^  ^j^^    d 

the  tistSy  fii  the  State.    A  f  3^, '^\^i5'oX  the  reward  of  J 
Sind,  and  objects  of  tke  highest  ^^"^  J^^^^^^^^^  ^.^timent  of  the  SJ 


,..  ^'   ^oc.  136; 

>ts  that  pmmisJf  „t  fL^^P""^^^'  -nd  th^sTa?  °^'",^^  ^^'^^^  her. 
necessary  raiJmad  acdomtL^r'"'''"'^  ^^"^e  to  fv? ''  ^'^^  ^^"^  pro- 

^Ne«in.importanceTto  the  ^H      •  "'''^'^^^'^^^aysfoUow 

Eur^iean  and  North   aZ    •    "^"^tic  and  Sf   r  o 

,  Under  the  above  title  f.  .    i,   '  '^tween  the  OM  SP1  j  *"  "xwme  a 
I  M—,  to  Halifax, Tj  S"'''r'«^ed  the  C  e,?,„!^"'''  """i  ■ke  NeV 

I  scot  and  Kennebec  r^M  '  *"^  ^ne  is  to  h«  ^  V  ^runswict  in 
nebecroad,  wj?h  a  Zt'V\P'^««"'-«««.-  the  A^^^  "P  ^f^he  li:tb" 
operauon.  :  When  th^wtnl  "if  "^^  Atlantic  and  sf/'^^^^  ^°d  W 
thet^.^tfenticWveI  wK^^^    «h«"  be  co^p^^^^^^ 

hd  that  through  JV^n^win  T*"  ^^^^  roaHo  .ni  . '^^^^'"^^  that 

[Eumpe  and  Airier  VTthi.^  *^^  ^^««t  avenue  ^r  .  ^'°"?  ^^^^ax, 
liiessofsuchcJaims  thp^^       "*''-^P''essin«anvnn^!-  ^""^^^^  between 

h»-Wactio"ontpS;X""^^'*^^ 

Ntem,g,ves  character  an^^^^e^'P'^'P^^^^ the  Statra^ ?^ ^« "^^^e 
I  Of  this  great  line,  tha?  Jjf  Jf  ^'°"  ^^  their  railroad  1,  '  *°  ^  ^^"ain. 
Ivifle,  a  distance  of  eiahrv  Z^^""?.  ^-^tendina  from  P  ^'f  ^^P"ses. 

\  of  the  Atlantic  tj"7  ?^-'  -  ^^--^lo^^r^  'I  ^^ter- 
fennebecraih-oads     Tk"   ^t' .Lawrence  and  tV«   *    .  ^°''  byapor- 

few  BrunsWibk,  no  rSS     ,    ^''''^  Bangor  fn  »)  ^^^""^^  something 

|N«.  and  no  doubt  f«?^^"^^°nsideration?ffLP°"    ^thqugh  the 

r™™i^K  portion  of  if  ;«     ,  "3^,S"ccess  to  thp  mi        ^  be  taken  as 

^yof^n^nenVCisf '"^^P^^'^^'d^    t  byT''"'    ^'^^.^ew    • 
>lertake  the  Nova  stS  V-  S«?tractors,  who  it  i/if  ,5^°"tract  vS^th  a 
[Pearliest  da^therfcafr"-    ^^  ^^e  r;^^:,^^^-/^  -iu  ^^ 
h«PP«)val  in  the  pftSni''  "^^«"bt.     The    'C  ''^  '^"  «*^heme 

S»*er  leading  road  in  iv/  •      •  ^       ^^'^""§  ^  th£ 


• » 


I. 

*1 


^  «  aJ^o  at  the  pregent  time 


I 


11'^ 


ur  ■< 


308 


H.  Doc.  186ii5 


1     nf  Ranter ^that  of  a  railroad 

engrossing  the  attentio^  of  the  F^P?*^^^^^^  a'distance  of  about  6% 
15&ngWenobscot  nver  u^^^^^^^  ^^^  easily  within  the 

miles.  As  the.  route  >^  J,^™ Y^f^'l^  dy  construction  may  be  set  doxvn 
means  of  the  city  of  B^^fe'*^;' f 'Snmodate.the  important  lumber- 
as  certain.     It  i3  much  needed  to  ^ccomm       ^^^^^^^^.^  distance  of 

&t mi^^a  "  ilC d-  Ja  existf,  which  will  form  a  part  of  the 
^S'projectsenumerated  embrace  a  view  of  aU  the  proposed  works 
in  iS.  of  especial  pubUc  interest. 

NEW  JERSEY. 

.       •    .cQH    q.9nR23-  in  1840,  373.306;  in  1850,  489,555. 
Population  m  1830    320  ^23^  m  .  ^^^^ 

Area^m  ^^^^  "^f'^.t  Jersey  as  do  those  of  the  State  of  Connect.- 
JX^^  cLSX^cWrom  their  connexion  with  the  route. 

York  and  Philadelphia,  the  C^m^«^^^^  ^^^  ^  ;,,;,, 

roads,  in  connexion  with  the  Pf^^^^^  ^^^^  ^,^  thrown  not  only  the 

the  State  of  P-"f  yl^^;,^;^,^^  Wes  in  t^  United  States,  but  bctweeJ 
travel  between  the  two  largest  cities  mine  ^^  expected  from 

the  two  great  divisions  ot  the  "^"."i'y-    ^^ 'enger  traffic,  and  ra.t 

SlaXSrs\rre%1S^^^^^^       ^-^-exic. 

a  better  medium  foV^'":i  iSC  J^-7  Central,  which  traversestk' 
Anither  important  "^f^'ll^^^eS^n  it  connects  with  theNe» 
State  from  east  to^«?^V  ^^^^^f^S^^^ 
Jersey  road,  thus  forming  a  dnrectrauro^ac  io,allyi.npo 

and  Easton,  on  the  Delaware  ^^^^l^^^ ^,,,^,J y,l,l,  other  gr« 

ant,  IS  still  ™o^«.  ,^«/.;™  ;„    Pgg  ^  in  operation.    It  is  proiiosed 
lines  of  road,  either  ^^  progress  or  >n^  PJ^  ^^  mountain  ranfl 

extend  it  up  the  valley  ot  the  Lehigh,  ^Ji^noS  ^^^^^ 

lyin.  between  the  D^.l^'  wSl  be  c^^^^^^  ^  H 

on  tie  latter,  from  which  it  wiU  be  cax^  ^^^  ^^^^ 

connexion  with  the  Sunbury  and  7;^;^,  J  Central  would  not  oo 

menced.    Upon  the  ^^"'"Pl^^^VlJf'ihe  cit^^^^         York  andi, 

*''^fi^  EfXaXfromThl^^^^^^^^^         draws  i.  supp^ 

Hne  for  thetrade  of  the  West  and  p^aci^^^^^^^^    ^^FromSontoa 

^SiSgThl  above  communication,  and  no  aoubni^^«^ 
^oiect  will  be  speedily  realized.  designed  to  follow  the  1 

-  V  t 


..    *  * 


>T--'- 


^'   I>oc.  I3d. 


■i-V  -.f 


f;' 


M 


'•I'-.v 


4     , 


"I  '^'^     f'Mi^^l      ■ 

*    *     f         .  A'  ' 


•tiat  point  ^^  ^°  ^^'"bertville,  and  S  ;         ^^'^  road  has 

Another  imporfjuit  r^„,  .     .•  "  P^OfiTess  beyond 

tics  with  the  Setmlt.u''  S'"  ^'^^e,  possessing    •    ■, 
operation  to  lC^V:«l^^''-t^ 

and  la  in  progress 'to  T^      ^^  about  forty  mLf/'''^^  «  now  in  • 
Water  Gapf    frdn.  the  VE^g?  ^'^  ^«^«-aS  W  "  "^^w 
Lackawanna  valJev  nt  J*^^^*^  ^^ap  a  road  is  nron^/  j    '  opposite  the 

the  coal-fields  ofPennsv^^  •^'"'^^''^a  contimiS^^T*^^  deposites 

to.   The  extension  of  fc'-'  ^^  ^^^  ^orHriir,  "^'•""ro  Aom 

valley  is  of  the  first  J  ^°''"'  ««d  £-ssex  iL  •  !  "^7  ^^^"^  adverted 
form/  This  v^e^is  Z?r"'''  fr''™  he  cSinexfn  •  ^"^^«^^na 
I  the  great  lakes.  aJd  wiU  b??^  7""^^^^  ^vith  weTer?  N  ^°"^^,there 
constnicted  for  the  nm-r:  5®,  ^°^^  Point  of  -iuV  ^^"^  ^o^fe  and 
erlj  direction.  B yS'"  '^^  ^^^on^^g  ouUet^  fe  ""'",'^«'-  «f  roa^ 
A  a  new  andZpo^""'"^  ^'  ^  ^^iroaStoZ  th.•'''"^i"  ^  "°^ 
and  the  lakes,  w3^  ,"""^^^'ould  be  fbrZd  fc  ""^""^  *«  ^^^ 
fo«^ercekndSver^  not  fail  to  becorfv'airbTe^o^^^^ 

Through  the  northern  nart  «r  .u     ^  ^'  '^^^ 

■"irectly  to  the  Hud«nn      «''*"?®'    J  hrough  this  mn^i  ♦u    t^  f^^aid,  so  a3 
VeJfarasirptTek^Pjpr^NewYfrk-la^  '     i'"  *   ■.  ,}■  .    •[}/' 

IWere  are  two  oaiM)»/,f 

very  great  importance  ..-'    «    -  "      •*    *    I?  *  i  V  \ 


'ti 


I  >  • 


■v^- 
't 


U 


*  Hi* 


'ill 


ill 

m 


810 


H,   Doc.  136. 


O  lU  .... 

and  as  aftbrdmg  a  «°"^«"f  "\ ^^^ftn  a  national  point  of  Tiew ;  as,  i„ 
phia.  •  It  is  also  an  >';^portant  work  '^^^        ^J^^^  Dismal  Swamp 

Annexion  with  the  Ches«Pof  ^^^^^  commencing  witl. 

canals,  it  forms  an  internal  na^»g^^'^,  ,  bv  way  ot  the  cities  of 

Cg  island  sound  and  exten^^^^^^^^^  ,„„,,  p„,„, 

New'York.  Phdadelphi  .  Ba^um^^^^^^^^^^  ^^            consequence  to  the 

a.  war  with  a  foreign  P"''"'''-    ,  .  v  extends  by  a  circuitous  route 

Af»m-.  mdEmx  ,«'««'--^^^7,*  at  EMton/  Its  length  is  Am 

from  Jersey  CUV  U>  *»  D»^-=^^  „';"rincipaU,  derived  from  the  W 

°^c""ftt±;^tverset»dte^^^^^^ 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

.      T^o'jn  1  -tAft  233-  in  1840, 1,724,033;  in  1850,2,311, 

Population  >" JSS^J^'^^'tefoOO^,  inhabitants  to  square  mile,  50.2^ 
786.    Area  m  square  mues,  ^o,       '       ,-      ^^^  ^^s,  at  an  early  penoJ 
The  attention  of  the  people  ^[^.^^""f  ^^^^.^^l  imp»v^ments,  with  a 
in  our  history,  turned  to  the  sulyect  ofjg  -  e  puPr?>se  of  opening  a 
view  to  the  local  ^X'^^ts  of  the  Slate,  ana  i     l       ^^^^  ^^^       , 

water  commumcauon  between  the  De^aw^    stimulated  by  thecxarJ 
^^aters  of  the  Ohio.     I,  was  not.  h^^h^r  great  work.  the'Erie  cam 
pie  o#Iew  York,  and  the  results  ^^i^^^^^^^  ^orvc^^tth^  trade  of 

was  achieving  in  developmg  and  sccurm^^^^^  construction  of 

West,  that  the  St^f^^^f  ""'yl\^' ^  wSe  svstem  of  that  Stale. 
various  works  which  make  "Pj.h«^^J^^;j^^^^^ 

The  great  Pennsylvania  line  ot  "^^P^"7,""^^;^;V  july&26,  and  w; 
phiatoWurg.wascomnjence^ 

Sjially  completed  m  M^F^^' J:,f;-  ,„„''  i^  being  tie  Columbia  railroa 

"  pH?'Xm'  Phiir<M;iSio  s^^^^^^^^  ^^^^^  ^ ''  ^ft 

extendmg  from  rhiladeipnia  w  pi^ania  canal,  extending  fro 
eastern  and  Juniata  divisions  ^^ 'J^^7""XlHaysburg,  at  the  base 
Columbia,  on  the  Susquehanna  mer  to  HoU^^^^  thp  Portage  railroa 
the  Alleghany  mountains,  a  distance  ot  172  ^^"^^ '^  ^  ^  3&m\[es,^ 
Stendin^g  fro'm  HolUdaysburg  to  Joh^^^^^^^^  ^^, 

by  which  the  mountains  ^••^'^"™"'!?'joSnston  lb  Pittsbura.ad 
ie  Penn8ylvaniacanal,extending  om  Jo^n^^^^^  ^^^J^, 
tance  of  104  miles ;  making  the  entire  d^^^nce J^^^^  f  ^ 

Ktfburg^by  this  li"^^^'^  J^^^SSS^MM^eeil' 
'wSe  at  the  bottom,  and^  ^^jT^Xnv  moufiains  arepassedj 


H.   Doc.  1 36. 


8ii 


The  cost  of  this   <rrf,n*  r  '  '  Sll 

$15,000,000.  ^'""'  ^'"^  "P  to  the  presej^t  time  },.    K 

The  eastern  division  of  th.         ,  .  ^''"  '^^°"' 

of  the  Tidewater  cann i  V  ^'""'•''^"^I  has  an  addition.]       .1      . 

ibnns  an  important  avenu;  h  V^"  Chesapeake  bay  i^''^^'  H  ^^ 
and  the  inter  or  of  jre  S^f  ^'^'^^f »  both  PhilaSf,  "  ^^TT}^^'    ^t 

.aching  tide-watir  tn  :n^^^^^^^       '^-^^  '^^-'^S^^^^^^ 
require.  venientiy  taken  to  either  citv  nTfU        ^'  ^^^'^ 

The  line  of  improveme  '"''^^  ""^^^ 

similar  objects,  and  bearali,^''     '^^^  described  was  mno* 
as  does  the  Erie  canal  t^.f    -"""^  ''^'^t'on  to  the  dtv  .?  pu-?'^,^  ^^"h 
achieved  equal  resuC       ^'^"^  °^' ^^«^v  York      T,  L      ^H^^IpWa 

heavy  cost  of  transnort Ir      ^  ^''''  ^^e  above  line      Tf,  ^  "^^^  ^«^e 
h  4  New  l^^rf  °^"^^  from  other  s;^"'^"'-  "°^  ^^ 


■♦■■■  iflV*  •  'I 

•  -.,  >■'  -lii. 


^.i:. 


US 


H.  Doc.  laa. 


« '■*' 


Arlother  great  line  of  ■^-^?^;^J^^^rt^^£:X^'  ctS  exS 
posed  of  the  S'^rt^^e  Sa  to  No£^^^^^ 
Ingfrom  the  mouth  of  the  ^""""V"    .„_ainff  fro^ 
39  miles,  and  the  North  ^"^"'^^^Xtonce  of  1^62  miles.  ^vhe\it  wiU^ 
^the  Stateb- of  New  Yo^^^^^^^  ^^^  ^^  pV  ^ 

connect  with  tl|e  New  York  ^laie  w  ^^^^^  canal,\2 

lines  of  railroad  centring  at  Elmim.    Ut    ms  j^        „„^^.^  ^-^ 

„.iles.  extending  from  the  mouth o^^^^^^^^^^  ^^^  ^^^^^^^^^^ 

beeQ  completed,  at  a  «o«^of  "ea^  »^^    ^  ^^.  ^^^  ^^^^j  ^^jj 

'^"^  '"'t  "  thTeCCyCa.  and  tlUgh  th^s  with  the  Tidc-wat^ 
connect  with  the  i-ennsyivu,  constructed,  extending 

canal,  ^  g^^^\"7'SSonronhe  Stite  from  north  to  south.    This 
through  the  ^e^tral.  portions  ot  the  bia  ^^^^^^^  ^^^^,^^^^^ 

.^J^il^rPhLtHrSl.rrete'Luer  adapted  .„  .pp. 

than  New  York.  ,  j  ^^j^je  of  the  country  15 

Another  imoortant  ^ork,  sO  fw  as  Uie  coal  i^^^^^^^^ 

concerned,  is  t^  ^^^^'^^  ^.";"^^^^^^^^^^  work  fprmstk 

,from  Bristol  to  E^^l?";  ^^^'^^'^^^ 
ouUettothegreatLehi§hcoaWield3.    Itsco^^^^^^  important  works  were 

In  the  western  portion  of  the  f^^^^'^J^'^^^iy^^^^  althoagh, 
projected,  as  a  part  of  the  great  system  on^n^^F^  ^^^  ^ J  l 
Ly  an  inconsiderable  I^rtion  of  them  h««^«p7„„  ^ania  canal.  J 

mencing  a*  weaver,  on  lu  '  ^j        ^his  canal  forms  tlK 

and  extending  tojlewc^tk.abom  1^  i^^^^        g^^^^  ^^  _j.  p^ 

truny.f  the  M^^^"? W  it  Akron^a  dTstonce  of  about  76  mil„ 
sylvMa  to  the  Ohio  ^^anal,  at  Akron,  a  a  ^  ^^^^^^^ 

id  also  of  th«Ene  pension  of  rt^^^^^^  ^^  ^     J 

near  Newcastle  ai^d  extending  to  r-r   ,  .^  ^^  ^ 

TWs*ljist-descnbed  work  has  Pff^;  !°^^^^  ^f  coali  andistli 

present  time  chiefly  e^mployed  ^'l^^^^^Sfto  Lake  Erie.    Connecte 
principal  avenue  for  the  «"PI^y  P^  J^  caSed  the  French  creek  feedc 
with  the  Erie  extension  is  »  State  work,  caea 
and  Franklin  branch,  «t«°dingfroni  Franklin^^^^^^^^  ^  ^ 

portance.  as  it  traverses  ^,'^*^g|^"  ^  "^,t  wh^^^  ^  the?* 

P°The  above  constuut^tl^leadu^^^^ 

^^^  far  as  their  income,  -nce^r^d    he  -^^^^^^^^  .^ 

'and  executed  by  the  State  havenoi  pr      ^  ^^eat  influence  an  dd 
have  been  of  vast  utihty.  and  have  exertea  a  gycu 


A« 


« 'j^si^J^'. 


Hi   I>oc  130. 


opMthe^resourcea  of  the  State.     Tho        n         ^  ^'    '        '"^      Ifwr^^^i^'t 

«her  works  descriS,  no?  LaviW  h  ^^^"'"^"^-i^pC^s  't^^ 
original  plan,  have  failed  to  Sf  ?h'°  "^"'"'^  ^'J^Sn'  to^h! 
consequently  have  not  r^^v  i  P  *"®  ^""nexionS^ontPmT ^  .  ^^ 
PeZlvanfa.  however  r^"^  "'^  '"^^"^^  precS  S  «''^'  °"^ 
)^y  Lelop^d,  StWo^ererTer  "  '^Af  ^^--^-^f^^^^ 
t^in  population  and  wealth  Tr  ^k'"''"^'^' ^^e  first  StS^^t^ 
ai^lfectedbyihew^^^^^^^^  a  great  extent,  been 

to  tbevaVious  interests  of  thp  cjfoV         , '  ^"'ch  have  n  this  wn„  „  i  T  j 

iToWar  *to/m«i/  thowinffUe  length  %  '  ^    ' 


.  'J 


Linei. 


■fci«ttdPhil«delphi«raaway] 
eniiUTuion  of  canal ...  ' 

l^b^Tiaion  of  canal. 

piiBra  OTidon  of  canal 

1^  main  line 

e  diririon  of  canal  i 

"BnnchdiTinon  of  canal 


i  Creek  dividon  of  canal 
^dinuon  of  canal....     " 


■'^. 


'^  a  570, 111689, 
1.860,768  76 


Bevenue.        Expcndltn™,. 


3,006, 


!30 


396    15. 066, 077  23  fe^-;^ 


«0      1.384,606  961 
^     ,  897,160681 
Z^l    1,598,37935 
1.838,083  28 


2.238,694  75 
402,77915 

1,003,047  58 
449,05819 


•5,105,066  39 

1.760,58319 
3>  161)387  96 

i.iw.iaaes 


^'',716  7» 

753,6681^ 
738,47088 


""•^.^s-RlSiW^teS;— 


I'iiiulied  line* 

'*^*''*^™««teni,  and  lock, 

;• 


817,779  74 
512, 360  05  I 


5,81967 
38,312  29 


143,91194 
210^360  00 


=='.«».«n3  ,,,,6iisirto:jsii 


7,712,53169 
70,782  671 
17,584  93 


70,"7»>6g 


1,084, 


157, 731 14  r.7!!"'!."  ;;T^'3*8,a84  14 


■■■" TkT:~r^^  ~-i&^\'\  f  ^ 

-  1  , 


A,,  \J 


^^M, 

m^'' 


^ 


H.  Doc.  ise. 

PrivMe  Works. 

,.    •         1      J     TViP  oWect  of  the- Pennsylvania  railroad  is 
Pennsylmnm  radroad.-The  obi^^^i  ptoadelphia  and  the 

to  provide  a  better  avenue  ^^^^^^^^^^^^^  in  progress  and  opa- 

intirior-^ne  more  ^"  ^^^  ^  rat  lii^e  X^^^^    described.    The  latter 
tioninodier  States  than  he^eatj^^^^^^^^  ^  considerable 

is  not  only  poorly  adapted  to  ^^s  objects  ^^  Philadelphia 

r  ^'^^  '^  tu  tCnec'es  ity  of  a  woTbe^      adapted  to  their  wL, 
have  long  felt  the  necessiiy  ma  ^  ^^      commerce,  from 

and  fitted  to  become  a^«-^^°^^|  of  ™1  ^^^  ^^^^^    ^^  .^      ^^^.^  .^  | 

f  fZt'tU'^ve  to  kvds  proposed,  and  by  which  the  mean. 

irbt^^irn^^^^^^  tu^ ^P^^ocS^^^^^^^^^^^ 

jeu.as  last  as  u  couui  "^  ,.  pnercv  from  its  commencemeBtl 

and  the  whole  will  .«»'•.'»  """P^^'        ^t  Harri8burg  and  e«.  J 
The  Pennsylvamarmlroad  commences  a,  n^  ^|,  _l^ 

,,  fevf^^l"; ''™  •'"I  loo  let  aWe  tide-water,  involving  gradient. . 

is  crossed  at  about  ^.^V"  '    '  i^TTw  .hose  resorted  to  on  the  B*, 
96  feet  to  the  mde,whtch«e  less  than  t^^^^^^  ^^  . 

more  and  Ohio  rmlroad,  and  nM  ^"'^^       ^„^6,,    The  „«J 

worked  on  the  Western  "^'^if  °' .^^  ^a„„i,lo  track.wbich  J 
graded,  and  the  stnrctaresare  prepaid  to  ^^^^  •    ^^ 

"^.^^iSo'ha^J'Sal^ady  provided  by^'-^^J.-^'SX., 
.    S^^TntitsXa^c^-J-dfa^t., 

^  .„frit!iT|the  u»i^^^,r:r=3tfsC^fr^^^^^^ 

r3/«o70O  tLlZi:  "nd  is  rapidly  i-rling^^  Ttate,,] 
of  The  most  favorable  character.  ;«  »i7;iy  ""cTevX"  and  W* 

=tS:SwiiitSeavns^.he  S^ 


i'M'^m&tii&.-i^ii.j. 


^'   Boc.  ,136. 


fonn  a  difect  and  conv»«-    *  *  ^^^ 

above-named  lines  th.  r^      ^^.  Marietta,  roads-  ^n!?»l  ^^  northern 
.emulations  wftheve^™^'  •''^^  ''^  ^^rought  into  imfm..'""^^.'  ^  ^« 

portion  of  1 10  travel  h*>t«,«      \  ^°  oecome  a  routp  f«r  „ 

Atlantic  cities.  XmK  v^^^^^^'•"  States  S  ,t  ^^'^^"^^^^^ 

local  traffic— possessing  or  ^i     ^^  °"e  of  the  best  in  th^ 

tas  demonstrated  its  imirinii  "^    °"'-^  partially  opened  for  K    • 
Uthe  means  of  sS"    /'"^"''^*=«  *«  the  trSde  of  Ph'l  ?Tu?'' 

If^."  the  P&<fe&*™«»i"»    ,?''''^'  ""''  <>■"=  of  greater  lor»l 
Mholders-SmT-  ^^''.^"^Penod^ proved  a^n^^^^  J   ^M-      ^  ■    'v     I  'L' 

Nct^-   '^^'^^'^'-^  .-■#'^''  Wm 

a»onMbe,„pp„3,<,.obeoneofd.r£nSoSj 


"-'t. 


H.   Doc.  138. 

f  i„«*„f ;vo  traffic.  Its  length  is  98  miles,  and  it  bai 
in  the  country  for  a  l^i^^J^J'^  ^'^f  ^as  beeran  expensive  work  to 
cost  something  over  «6,000,000.    u  ^««  ,       ^^^^^  g^. 

construct  and  mamtaih  and  ^^«  J^^  ^^Xfrespe A  rapidly  InLa. 

SSnini.  aSd  between  ^^iXt!^^:^:^^^^^:  |?r  .ay  be  named, 
^rl^f^J'T^7ilt^teln^onf7ihe  hnks  of  the  prin^ipallin; 
1st,  the  ^'A'''"^^  l^'^^^XllTnhia  with  New  York,  and,  for  this  reason, 
of  road  connectmg  P^i^ffP^^^Jf^he  fading  ^^^^^^  of  traveliuih; 
an  important  ^°^k;„Jd^Vver^  Profitable  traffic.  2d,  the  Harri^r^ 
country,  and  commands  a  very  p  ^^  ^^  ^^ 

'^^^''^TirA^^C^^^^^^  whicf  is  to  form  a  ^an. 

?hXe?htthcentr^J'enn^^^^^^^^^^ 

is  to  be  an  important  h.Jc.4t^^^^^^  t^^nbem  ^^^  ^^  J 

from  Hamsburg  to  Cha'x^ejsburg.  ^  o^^^^^^  ^.^^  ^^^\ 

road,  connecungthe  "°"^«^'^,^^«^;SS^^^^^  GerLn^otm,  and  jvj 
York  improvernents     f  ^  jhe  ™a^^^^^^^  ^^^^  ^j.  ^  ^.^^  ^^^^_^^.  1 

SXrril^n  t  Ihe  ffwl'Ver.     7th,  the  f'ranij^  rajroa, 

Northeast.     9th,  the  ^  mn/w  easting  hnk  betwi 

Ohio  State  hne.  These  two  last  lorm  luc  j  eastern  States  i 
tip  ralhoads  of  the  M  ssissippi  valley  and  ot  the  eastern  &mes,. 
wfufr^mthek  favorable  relations,  command  an  immense  busm. 
The  LackawS^na  and  Western  wiU  soon  become  a  part  of  anot 
The  if  ckawanna  jj       y    j^  ^^  the  city.    Already  are  ro 

*Ara«grA  route  ^^f  ^^^^'^^^^^^on  from  New  Yorl  to  the  Water  ( 

U,e  "??'™P»'*S' 7  "K^na  v^ey,  a  distance  of  .oiediing. 
rvt,^err.£  Dd^' aTra  HuLn  can^  With  the  a^v. 
ceprion.  S  ^1  road,  are  Aort  lines,  a.  they  are  purely  hdm 

rSSI^'w-.^irisrriie'rndMrj 

J;S^.^rXvir„7eU»ionoftheB^dingroaS.n.oth^^^ 
vXv    and  a  road extendingfrom Easlon, following uptte  yiJW 
_   aih'.'.oa'jgctionwitl.  ti^a^  ^^  Ttatau^ 
in  nrdffress.    The  Catawissa  road  was  p«rtiatty  graatu.  jjuxu^ 

S'n'"n«brwiU  be  formed  with  the  8-"^ -*  E™  "g^^ '» 
ing  a  direct  communication  between  the  totter  ana  i™«       i 


H.^  Boc.  136; 


Hanisburg  up  the  vallev  nf  \u  ^*^"  *°  ^^  commenced  PTt^r,^-      ^ 
ofNcwYork.    ThisS        ""f  Susquehanna  to  pil!-^''*^"^i"g  f'om 

Murg.  and  also  betw^S'A"''^"""  ^'^^  cities  of  N^^^^ 
tetou,  through  the  AlhlM®,  ^S"*'^  «"d  the  cities  nfTiu        ^^ 
^  the  Allfghany  vMm  S"«quehanna  road     b;^  b"^,«"'* 

irie  and  Ontario.  andHRe  H^  '"""^^^  ^'^^^burgTrnT  A'" 
iseone  of  the  h^ct  «     •      "®  Hudson  river      Tk^^     ,^  i-akes 

kpeojleof  PhaSbhia  tar'  "  "«='«'<^''  ^^h  muchTr" 
Jftnake  with  the  Oh&Cento?  „!,^",PP<>sed  favorable  connirr 

F^s  the^f^SL"!?!^  t°  l^e  trade  of  Lat^!^*^^™**^ 


rbjthw  route,  from  PhSnTi^-     °®  successful.    The  ivh^ii^/^ 


iis  u„,  «f  ..anaU  in  the  State,  toWQ^d  by  private  corn- 

There  *  a  ^^"^b^^^i^^S'^U^^  Se  the  S^M*i^^  ani  Le%A  ca- 

panies,  thWmost  rfiportant  f  ,X^Jr^ie7„rpose  of  aflfording  oudets 
U,  which  have  beeaconsttucted  for  t^^^^^^  ^^^.^^  ^^^ 

for  -the  anthracite  "ll^^ne^n  wiKe  coal  trade,  although  they 
consequence  from  tbeir  connexion  witn  ^  j 

have  a  large  traffic  in  f^'^dl^t^"^  J  ^V  susS  to  the  varied  interest 
and  importance,  from  the  ^etons  they  susi  ^  ^^^^^^^^^ 

of  the  dounti-y,  in  «"PP^y^"f  ^^^^.^^^^'^  routcTof  commerce. 

%t'snr4nihitrbriear^^^^^ 
.s^Ji^lorw^r^hich  it  -i;£- rrdTS^a!!^^^^^ 

bay,  and' vvith  the  ciUes  o^  B^^^^^^^^  ^^^  l^^^  ^  ^. 

ous  water-Une.  It  is  aja^ua"^  *  I.  gt^te,  and  for  a  portion  of  the 
a  large  and  ^^P''^^  ^^f^'^XLTlovkt  It  is  a  wk  of  large 
commerce  passing  ^^^f^^J^  J'^^^^^^e  trade.    ItisalsOa  J 

ifeLAWAEE. 

Populationin  1830, 76.748;  inl840, 78,085;  in  1850>  91.532.   Areal 

.        *"P-        -,•  ion-  inhabitants  to  square  rmle, 43.17.  I 

in  square  nulea,»420,nhab.tanuio^  NewcMle  and  FmJ 

The  only  road  'yKS'^^"^  ^'  Ctesapeake  bay,  by  a  line  of  7 
ri:;°°Th&  ^^t^^coisiderab/^  it  fo- 

™;?=;frr<SS^of-^.b-ee„f,e^^^ 
■    ^  SoaT'^*:iy 'not'  StgarSed  'only  as  I  work  of  . 

siderable  importance  ■"  D'^X?,  '  f    Tw/torkis  13^InilM^ 
■  r?ir5f X^dtpI-K^ofedmoUdelocks.   U J 

the  gepera  .  ^-'^^''T^^Z.^TZ .^nnuy  with  the  Haritanc^ 

head  of  "  Pennsylvania." 

MARYLAND. 

Population  in  1830,  44^7,040?  in  1840,  470,019;  in  i«o^,H 
Ar3  square  mUes,  9.356 ;  inhabitants  to  ^are  m  e  62.31. 

TnfliiPnced  bv  similar,  objects  to  those  which  actuated  tne  ^oy^ 
PhuSSa  N^w Yort  Boston.and  the  eastern  State9,m  the^ .H 


"  \  '■XT- 


^  Dpc.  186;  ,  ,j^ 

Le  navigabfe  tide-wat^S^  indentation  made  by  theW  *^*f'ona  of 
Mis^P^  ValJey  i^SfL^^  ''^^"ght  into  neWt  p^^^f '  ^Y' 
Lbeatejibpd  the  fact  thS  h. ?^  ^^ylmd  and  ^?rJE  ^^  *°  *^« 
Lies  of  travel  between  thJ  V  T  '^^  "^«  "f  raHrSs  tL  ■^.'  ^ 
^that  bay  to  the  S  i^r  %J°<^  ^he  ^esTZlZ^'^Tr^ 
ind  constructed  by  the  .r^n      ,    ^^  S:reat  National  rnnT  "'^^^aters 

™ght ujto  usfe  in  the  United  States     Tt.u'^  ^^  «f  the  first  road« 

«wed  vigor  a,KiJS,EJ' "°  "="s  disheaiteiSfe      '' 

iti     »"'*''  ^-Ji^tance  of  379  i'lS""  ,^'^""»«  to  Wheel- 
W166.   It  crosse,  the  AUeehMv  „      •  -^^  ^'Hmmed  cost  i, 

«l,are  now  worked  at  nearlv  t^«      i-        locomotive  enffini>  »« 
^on  similar  works.      *  "'  "°t  compare  unfavorably  vdth 


i 
Ji'  '' 


■-*.-* 


H.  Tboc.  136. 


880  -  , 

nitude  of  the  obstacl|^nco«nter«d^    Its  ^^^  ^^^       ^^  ^^ 

these,  of  a  faulty  ™^V/,,',XveT^^  credit  upon  the  company, 

cial  embarrassment,  reflects  the  very,  niguc 

and  upon  the  people  of  paJ^^^J^'  .  ,       i  between  the  East  and  the 
*.    As  Worc^tated,  the  first  route  of  t^av^^^^^^  ^^  , 

West,  was  between  the  waters  oj  *«  ^^^^^^^         j^e  rattroads  betweei 
opening  of  the  Ene  ^anal,  and.  sub«eq^^^^^  ^^^.^  ^^^^^^^ 

ife  Hudson  river  ^"d  ^^e  Erie,  div^er^^^^^^  .^^ 

em  and  circuitous,  l'"^  f^f  ^"Je  S  ^'^^^^^^^  lessened  the  revenu^ 
affected  the  bus^ess  of  Balum<^re^  ^nd  ma^^     y^^.      ^^  CumberlanA 

of  the  Baltimore  and  ^^^^  f^'*^^^^^^^  e^cp^t  to  regain;  and  with 

All  this  lost  ground  the  P«;?l^;j^  J^J^^^^^     Scustomed^o  pass  to  the 

^^'l^SemcJr'TssVm^lJ^^^^^^^^^^^ 

favW  position  m  f  ^^^^  Ae  ,ormSd^^^^^        of  southern  0? 
Xgreit  city  of  ttWes^.^nd  theco^me^^^^^^    ^^^^ 

the  ehortest  rou  e  from  all  tae  S^^-^g  ,  j  ^^j  ohio  railroad.  Td 

by  wuy  of  Balumore,  and  over  f«  ,^^'^^Te  of  this  city  have  akadj 
„       strengthen  her  ?-^XrSfJ^^^lf^Sem  railroad,  e'xtending  J 
eon^,*c^a  the  '^''^'Xof^heBBiSrnore  and  Ohio  raih^ad  to  PnrkeJ 
the  southwestern  angle  ot  ^^e  uaium  Cincinnati.    The  did 

burg,  on  the  Ohio  ";«J' ^"J^^^tX^^^  'onie,  ^^'^  ^'  ^^''' 

.   '^^!Z.ltr^o!:C^&,  ly  the  railroadsin  pro, 

J    through  southern  Ohio.  ^    ,  j^^  ^^  ^^^  ^^^^^  tyi 

/         From  Wheehng  the  ^"^^JJ."^^ Jeompletec!  to  WelUoille,  100.^ 

Clerdandand  ^'^l^''^^' ^'^^^^^^^  miles;  and  thna 

/       and  in  P«>gress  from  WellsviUe  to  Whja  §^  ^ 

central  Ohio  to  Columbus,  by  he  ^en  rai  unio  ^  y 

tion  from  that  Pla^eto^^^^  S?    ^hen  the  Ohio,therefJ 

'     ;SsS:nrcrtel^t\S^^^^^^  — erceorl 

:  ;  f^^^Socal  traffic^f  this  ..ad  -ume^^  a^^^t  i^Xed 
immense  coal  trade  which  must  pass  over  i^  ^^  ^^n 

xnines  situated  "^"^  C^berknd.  J^«^  "^^^^^^^       J^^^ 

T^^  tJ^rrnTwutXa^rbe  Sitlt'o^he  capacity  of  th  J 
that  the  demand  wUl  ^^^^>°  "^^_^ri„craUve  traffic,  andcontnbij 
Already  has  this  trade  been  a  source  of  l"«aUve  tj  ^  j 

not  a  httle  to  the  success  of  the  '^"^ Je^  could  be  fonnedT* 
upon  which  complete  success  was  V^^fl,^^X,,  hardly 


B^*   Doc.  13^. 


t&  State'^of  P^n^vK  *^  "''"hwest,  and  with  f?,«      i,,-  ^ 

York.    JLsfaxZZ^l      •'"''^^  ^i^^  ultimS  .Hrt^^  ^°rks  of 

Jflamsburg,  while  the  latter  is '107?,™^'*  ''^ing  onlf  82  ^.n    ™' ^ 
Imore  is  makin«>^  thp  r«^^    •       ^^^  miles.    Sn^j,  k  •  -^   ,    nailes  from 

works  by  whS^hes?i''Jr'°"«  ^^'""^  to  ptfec?^  !?«  ^^^^  BalS^ 

kwiTto  iJs  extensioi  ,rp^"«  ^^'"^  "P  the  Susc^L^r"^".^^'  She 
Erie^oadbetSnlS-.  l"'-'"^'^^^'^  '"^st  cons  3erahl"°?  "^"'•' ^^^b 
Ennected  with  all  the  t^n  ^"f  ^^  ^he  Hudson  Thh*""^"  °"  the 
^ith  Lakes  Erie  and  o^'^'''^'  ''"""'"ff  through  ^^'^  J^^n  is  also 
1th  the  Erie  canS^^  bT'""  t^  ^^"<>"«  pSn^and'?^  ^ew  York, 
»Fvement  will  be  brmilh??'^"'^^  ^^"^  Poinrthe  B«^  *  ^^ter^e 
FStem  of  public  works  "f  J  L"'.?  ^'"^^t  connexion  J.f'Jif^i;?  ^««  of 
ade  of  the  countir     T«  5'^    ^""""^  ^'^"«  far  mononnr   ^^  ?^^  ^o^^^ 

fi  on  the  north  bIT''"-'''"""  """^  '°  tfe  wS^?'  ?(  ^^^' 
ked,  and  its  business  'nf^^^a^hacks  ^  iWc^T  Z'^"" 
^it  is  carried  fo^aXtX'"''-^^^  "«^ rapidlVSnv-^^''^>^'» 

hr.»  (a»«  sSI'il'^  1°"^  occupied   by  rt^  ^"r«.fi»m. 

In  bs  J»™\     •  ""<"  'ho  whde  will  h. "^   ""f  "ofinished  non. 
llienthi.t^«.i-  •-     . .  .  '"^  <^aji  be  made 


*  I 


£:^^y  fa;;fa  the  city  of  Bal.;^,,,  ,,  ,_ 


flS^^i^S^J^'''^^^  position.  ITS"^^^ 

-^  her  position  in  the 
measured  b;r  lineal 


,i. 


'  4'--'    ' '"  fir 'f 


^. 


'L 


1 1    I 


;-f" 


ri  -* 


I", 


>f 


Assumuy?  coflf  nf  L      ^  *"®  strenffth  of  h^r  ««~  v*!"^  -""^ 
28       «  «>«t  of  transportation  to  l4  Jit' .S?.^4  «  the 


pi     diifai-i. 


c 


m 


Ft 


r|- 


I     *  -Tu  .*«.*"  ■*'».  H-i   •! 

*  ''     ^■'  -"  t  In     ^<     )      / 


*  i 


fSS 


H.  Boe.  iM. 


m 


It'll 


5i    >Jfl 


l>   , 


\m 


aistance.  bow  far  the  -suit  w^j-ify  W^^^^^ 
^n  ;  at  aU  events  she  IS  ^^^^y^^r^^Tve^eYby  Lr  h^^   of  railroad^ 
by  the  local  traffic  q    "^fJ^T.^^^      nt  trade,  by  developing  the  re- 
Which  will  increase  ^^f  Jj,,,^^' Pi^SaSy  belonging  toV. 
sources  of  the  section  o    ^X7of  Sad  b  Maryland  is  the  Wa^hhigtJ 
The  next  most  important  line  otimd  in  m    1^     forms  a  part  ortlie 

iras,ch  of  the  BalUfnore  ^f^^^^^^y^l^^^^^  boundary  of  Maine  to  WilJ 
^at  coast  hne,  extending  f"'"  *^^^^^^  detive^d  from  passengers, 

luogton,  North  Carolina^  nl'^r ThrBivS^^^  of  the  4esaj^ake 

It  i»,  besides,  s^tu^^^^r'th 4  omi  fS-     As  a  connectmg  link  In  tJ 
rrernSi"lS^e\Sero,'^^^^^^^^^^^^^      a  position  thatmustaij 

'View  toWension  to  the  Oluo  river  at  m^^^  ^^  ^^^S.^^^, 

extended  from  Alexandria,  "P  ^he Jj^T^^d  Monongahela  rivers- 
Wills  creek,  thence  '^y/,^/„J^"^°^*'f4iUleS.    It  wal  commenced  ^ 
Bttsburg..  Its  proposed  length  was^4i^mi  ^  for  bus  J 

1828.  but  it  was  only  in^he  P-^^-f^t  origin/stock  $1.000,. 
to  CumberlaBd,  191  ™J;  .^^  gt^tes,   $1,000,000  by  the  city, 

•45  000.000  by  the  state  o,M^^^^^  ^^^  ,^^^  ^,  ^^„ 

From  the  d|fficulties  in  th^^^^^^  o  ^.^^^  abandoned;. 

ing  the  canal  beyond  Cumbenananas       b         ^-         ^orkof  natio 

.   thSugh  when  -g.naUy  pro,e<^e^^^^  ,^,,  ^  ^, 

importance.  It  must  now  be  lankea  as  ^  Ohio  railroad,  a 

^ay  be  used  m  connexion  vv  th  the  ±iaiumo  ^«^ 

poion  of  a  'A''>«5V°   r  .Iner^^lT^rl^ce.     As  a  very  large  J 
become  a  route  of  '""'^^  generaWm^^^^^  witf  take  ret. 

ttade  must  always  pass  t^fough  this  canm,  i 

freights  at  very  low  rates   "^  Fefe^e^^^^^^^^    ^^^  ^/^  ^.k  to  B 
posed  to  form  a  line  «^.  «team  Fopeiiers  iro         .     ^  j     ^  J 

•"S^Si/ua  wk'of'^ea.  cap«:i.y.  having  .ix  fee.  dra^ 

gsAise  agenera  dis^us^  asto^i  .^  ^^  ^  . 

SnneSwith  the  railroalTTnto-aTarge  through-business  betwe 
Sstern  and  the  western  States,  in  the  manner  stated. 


VlfiOINLl. 


tsts 

Populationinl830, 1  211  W  •   . 
I  Jieain  square  miles  61  iio    •  7",^®*^'  1.239,797 ■  in  lann  ,  .« 

The  Stlte  of  vQr!lffi  h^fft"*^  ^«  «H"are'  i^  e  03'if  ^'^'^• 
inarttocial  Lne  for  fhio  oirth-place  of  3,e  ,V7«o    ^  ^•^'^• 

Se  navi^We  riverT:fT°^^'°?  °^  «iet  wT^^Ti"^ 
.aearijonehunSred  veaS«;l    ^  T^''""-  ""d.  tide-^atS     T?-^^  ^■ 

l.'d^4ter8of  VirgiSotheOht  ^^""'  P^""  «>'  a  canal  fi- ''  "r 
iheHcmseofBurlessesof  VlS^^?  "^""V'^'^^^^dhlw^J'T  *^ 
Moa  of  this  proiect  hLl     "^^'"^S'  and  ever  since  ilTo*  !^       P^°°  ^ 

«  Hi.  Stale  M  the  ZSaJ*'^"  f  *»  CheCieJI   "  ■'°^' 

V  nriles  farther.    It  wl^^  °^  *^f  S'-^at  Allegfa^f  rfd  *    S'^" 

:r (Sr  the  s^^^^^^f^  -1834.  afd  S^ct.'  "^Z 

l^^^V'  '^•"  considered  a  nm J     t''*^"^'^"^^ this wSter 

«dschen8h  the  original  plan  ^thun?Ju-'"  ^^  "^^"J^.  thou^  itJ 

iw'^fc"""^^  public T;tetaSn"f^"""t  ^^«^orfthus 
Mered,  which  have  proved  far  Se?.!. '  '"^  ^''^  ^ifficuhies  en- 
JUnd  have  materiailv  delayed  X  '^"  ^^''^  anticipated  in  the 
al  follows  immediately  on  the  hnni./'t.''^''^^  of  the  work  Thf 
»nt,  and.  after  enterinVAe  Allegan v  '^'  '^''^  '"^^^^  hi  a  ra^^ 

l??T  «f  numerous  and  coSv '«.    1  ''  ^^^'.^  ^as  compefied  {h^ 
ff  %""^  subjects  the  cC^  Z^t  T^  ^'  ^amsf  culverts 
Moods,  from  whih  it  has  at  sevLl  ,1-^     ^^'''  ^^  sudden  ^d 
Ufar  as  the  canal  has  been  S  aS'oh:."^^'^^^^'-*^  ^os^s.    ■ 
Jnted     The  various  works  urionii  ?'        ''hstacles  have  been  s.Tr 

han  affirmative  opiniJP'y ""  "«' ^■""■n't,  and  the  ^uuSto 


•V"     '^.' -fil 


^: 


t 


^K-'^ 


1 '  '1 


i  ^ 


*'j 


I 


]IS4 


tl.  Doc.  186. 


1      f  ^„*or  f>i*.rp  can  be  no  doubt  it  would  become  a  route  of 

Ifh/mnLntTuccess  of  the  work  but  a  continuous  water  line  to  the 
ShT'^  Until  this  s  accomplished,  the  canal  must  depend  entirely  upoJ 
•  1  1  u  •  1=  fL  B.innnrt  Its  eventual  success  as  a  paying  enter- 
Si  rlsTeXlTeffi^^^^^  :ccomolishment  Though  o^  J 
Cefit  to  th^e  contiguous  country  and  to  tte  city  of  f<^J^^ond,  it  dojl 
norpromise  in  its*'  present  condition  to  be  profitable  to  the  stockj 
holders. 

Railroads  in  Virginia. 

Central  raUroad.-The  object  which  led  to  the  conception  of  1 

JamS  river  and  Kanawha  canal  is  now  the  ruling  rnqtive  in  the  eg 

Son  of  the  two  leading  railroad  pro  ects  of  this  State,  viz :  the  F^ 

••,rrZrnl  and  the  Vir^rinia  and  Tennessee  railroads.     While  tb 

fZ  i^^Suhe  avol^t^^^^^^^     with  an  influential  portion  of  her  c« 

^Mt  camiot  be  deniel  tLt,  sympathizmg  with  the  popular  feelb 

S  favor  of  raUroads.  which  have  in  many  cases  superseded  canalsj 

mea^softransportauon,  and  which  are  adapted  to  more  vaned«si 

•     ^ThPtter  reflect  the  character  and  spirit  of  the  times,  a  large  majoriJ 

^^^e^^le^^^^  deem  it  mf  advisable  t6  open  the  pro  J 

weSerKnnexions  by  means  of  railroads  than  by  a  farther  extens^ 

^'^The^^of  the  Central  road,  after  making  a  sonjewhateitendedd 
tour  to  the  north  upon  leaving  Richmond,  takes  ^  generally  westi 
S?r^,  passing  through  the  towns  of  GordonsviUe  And  Charlottes  j 
TdStL  the^aUeyV  Virginia  near  Staunton.  At  Gordonsvdld 
^nnects  with  the  Orange  and  Alexandria  railroad,  thus  gjving thef 
meT^  oSl  to  the  Potomac.  This  road  is  now  nearly  comp  ete 
SmuirwUh  the  exception  of  the  Blue  Rid^e  tunnel,  which  is  aj 
midable  work  about  one  mile  in  length,  and  is  m  nrocess  of  construe^ 
by  funds  furnished  by  the  State.  From  Staunton  ttie  luie  has  beenpb 
under  contract  to  Buffalo  Gap,  a  distance  of  tbrty-fiVe  mdes.  For 
whole  Une  up  to  this  point,  ample  means  are  provi.^. 

The  Whole  length  oVthe  voA  f«>m  Richmond  to  the  navigable 
ters  of  the  Kanawha.  wiU  be  about  two  hundred  and  eighty-sai^ 
The  means  for  its  construction  have  thus  far  been  furnished  byj 
Subscriptions  on  the  part  of  the  State  and  individuals,  m  the  proDo 
S^  Sfifths  by  thi^former  to  two-fifths  by  the  latter.  No  |o  I 
mit^ain^d  of  its  extension  over  the  mountams,  at  a  comparat^e^ 
^S  The  tee  is  committed  to  the  work,  and  has  wo  mod 
?^W  both  in  the  amount  already  expended  and  m  the  resu 
ISkeflo  d^ow  it  to  pause  at  this  late  hour.  The  opinion  is  no^v^ 
iendy  expressed  by  weU-informed  persons  that  some  definite  plai 


4''m 


•   Doc.  13B 

Mahotedforiheimmedint^^  '  -     S^is 

>  extending  tliis  line  to  C  "'«/ema,n,ng  link  of  th« 

theroads  now  jn  progress  in  K»?f  ^f  ^^  a  junction  wiU  h«  r 
Uem  outlet^   It  islls^ '"  Kentucky,  andlimiL  A "r  ^"'"^^^  "^^^ 

r^CkcinruuTa^'^^^T'^'^.^^  with  ZVuiJCoT/'^^  ^  ^"^^^ 

^m.    This  hno    cotmei"    '""'""^  ^'4X  thro"T?r'i"^  *^« 
aine,  fellows  the  gc3  if  i"S  i"  the  e.lter^'J^/^^^^^^^ 

^  most  importanfeastprnlv'^''^"  '^f  the  coast  ^an^lf  '^^  ^^'^  oC 
facbIngthisLint!i  stilj  n^"f'"'^^'  ^«  far  sputh  as  W-'^^''''^"  *^'""«^ 

H?  "te  latter  place  e„££  .1  "P"?' '"  <=<^''tral  Viroln  „  „  j     Passing 

.ceof  205  miles     A^m^r!""^/"  ''^^  State  hne  of  T^^  ^°'*  ^"Pf^t- 

[whole  line  is  u"  det^omractt'^  ^'  *^'«  ^«  "^I  are  S^' % 

lemeans  for  its  const^?o  L       '''"  ^"'"Pletion  during  tT^^^'^'  ^^^ 

fedualsubscriptions^n  r  ^'^  ^"'•"^^hM  jointly  bv  *  u' ^^^^  ^S^*. 


^  H.   Doc.  186. 

There  .re  num^ous  o^ber^-^tan^^^^^^^^^ 
a„,ong  ^hich  may  be  ^'^f^f  ^jX^d.  Fredericksburg  and  Potonu^, 

traffic ;,U8  direc  ion  ""J^^  "J^    ^^  productive,  and  is  diuly  improv- 
.^^intteiZmThf  eSr^^^^^^^      extremes  of  the  great  s,suJ 

of  which  thia  is  the  '^^""^^^'"g.X^^  and  DanvOle  roads  are  worb 

The  Sou^  ttreextenfofth^SrlLs.  the  connexions  th^ 
of  importance,  from  the  exteru  o  ^^^^  ^^^^  ^^^^^  ^^„^,j^  . 

and  tU  prospective  husines-btart^^^^^        ^^^^  ^^^^  of  navigalk 

able,  towns  ^  -^:::»,  "^S"  r^^^^^^^^ 

on  two  important  nvers,  ine>  ^  ,         •    j^„  ^  choice  of  markeisl 

^ay  between  their  '^e^Pf^^^  I^;™^"''The  fofmer  consUtutes  theeiteT" 
to  the  country  'f';^l%iX^'zlTennessee  line,  and  opens  anoud 
sion  eastward  of  the  Virginia  tuiu  ^  The  latter  will  al 

for  that  work  to  R-^;««"f^,^^,arof?mpo?tant  port^^ 
secure  to  the  same  cities  the  ™m  undoubtedly  be  extended  event! 
■  vfrSnia  and  North  Carohna,  and  will  ^-^oubieay^  ^^^  ^^^^  ^  JJ 
ual|  into  the  latter  Sf  te.^^ Jor^^^un^^^^  .^^  ^.^,^  ^^^p 

raUfoad,  at  6ir  near  ^'^^f^^hcSoUm  railroads  a  new  and  \d 
^"iTifo^-rbttwr  £?^^^^^  and  Petersburg  a.a.. 

and  may  ^ventdally  become  a  work  o^^  £  eastern  term  J 

however,  upon  ^^e  /uture  progiess  oW  ^^  n 

The  excellence  of  the  haibor  o*  •^o^'J^  •  j^^  ^'position  has  be^ 
..  in  reference  to  the  future  growdi  of  th^t  -^^^^  ^  ^^^  J^^  ^^      ^^ 

compared  with  that  ofJJ^w  York,  ana  ^^  ^^^^  ^^  ^^^  j.      . 

peake  bay,  and  the  rivers  entering  it,  sinu  ^^  ^^^^       j 

Se  Hudson  river  and  Long  Jf  "^  S^unf '    ^^  P  y-^^,^  J 

possesses  greater  ^^r^^'fr^rous^rive  s  bVw^^^^^ 

Twould  seem  that  the  ^^""^J^i"^^  ^7^^'^^^^^^^  S^ 

devebp  a  trade  ^^^^^l^nt  to  budd  u^^^^^  ^^^^^ 

has  not  been  the  result,  however  inexpuc  ^^^^ 

The  .great  seats  o   Sr/epots  from^^^^^  distributed  to 

of  Vu-gima,  instead  of  bemg  depots  ^^^  ^  ^^^  ^k 

consumers  the  products  of  the  SteXe^  arj^^m      y  PJ  ^^  ^^^ 

great  northern  markets.    Herfoplebem^  ^^^ 

^Wtiu  large  towm  ^^^^^^^  the  con.u4»tioD,  V 
time,  a  greater  diversity  of  P^^^^^^f  .f  ^/Lf  soil,  Norfolk  could 
own  people,  of  the  surplus  P'^^^'^'ll^^'    ?he  Seaboard  and] 
fiulto"e?ome  an;'?;P«r"V,:ra;ronrnd  communication,  J 


Vi» 


'^mf 


H.   Doc*  186.  * 


|rsmg  central  and 

■go  sruch  a  con. 

jad  nearCbaiw 

I  the  Idgislature 

aid  it  with  th& 


aadof  North  Carolina.    Aa  it  initio.         ^  ^ 

e^endd  to  the  symmetry  of  ^6%^^^'**.''^'""*^''  consequence,  mi 

Unji  transact  a  largj  bus^sg  ev^^  '^'?'"  ^^  ^''^  sSe,  S^ 
I»«J«~'«*r"o<- things  in' r^^^^        ""^^^  «  continuancTof^ 

J  rheotherleadinff  roarlB  in  V-    •  •  *  uj© 

|dtheAf««««e,G|^railr^8  ''Cr'^  '^^  ^'•«''^*  ^'nd  Alexandria 
LGonioDsviUe,  on  tie  CeSro«Tl  7""^'  ^^'«»d«  from  AWdS^ 
l^important  h.e,  in  thatt^Lrec'ts^htirnr  f'"^"^  ^0  mS  ft 
l».ththe  Potomac  and  the  citie«  of  ai     ^?!f^  portions  of  the  StaS 

«U  fcnn  a  portion  of  the  hn:S.l^!!f.".-^cl  WashinJ;:n^^1; 

Lestern  Virginia  and  eastern  Tennessee     '*™'*^  ' 

Un  only  a  short  link,  extending  from 

Jbvdle,  as  necessary.     There  canno°1Se  i 

^Virginia  wiU  aUow  the  construction  of  th 

Load  about  25  mC^r'^l  S^^^^^^^^  Orange  an,  Akxa.^ 

Wed  into  the  valley  of  Vireir^lntU^  Alexandria,  and  is  to  beTr 
«ve  named.    A  portion  ofX  te^^J '^  ^^  ?"?  '"  ^^e  Blue  rid^ 
M  to  earn,  thrs  road  up  he  Zey  to  1^^  ?  'P^^f  ^^«^-    '^  '>  6^ 
«t,on  with  the  Central  l/ne.     The%il^""'°" '  ^'^^''^  to  forin  a 
jeata  short  though  productive  local  wtTj!?^  f"'"^^  ^°«^'  « 
tended  80  as  to  connect  with  the  « W     ^'^^'",  ^^«*^  probably  be 
k   the  whole  extent  of  the  vaniT^yr^--^.^^^  ^i-mmg  a  lin^ 
Me  A^«or.  and  OhL  road  at  L^L^''^^^"'"^  ^"^  connecting 
Itapac  at  Alexandria.  "*  ,^^  Haiper's  Feny,  and  with  thf 

NOHTH  CABOUNA. 
Pflpnlation  in  1830,  737  Qfi7 .  :„  io^« 

^^road,  in  North  Carolina.    / 

m  eastern  sLte^rJShi' en.emr'^^*'^^'  accomplished  les» 

^jon  the  extent  of  her  teSr^^Sj^^'  "^^^^  ^c  take  into 

» to  the  proper  development  of  Y^r.    ^  ^^^*  necessity  for  such 

&  «  part  to  the^w^t  ^iJfn'  ZT'""^''    ?"^  ^"^^^°«  h«» 

SSs^S.^^ 

[•'^ad.extenSi^  fiSm  wC^  Wilmingt<m  ant 

UW,™ate8t  conveniencn^d  m  i;"^^  to  soufBT  This  Ist^ 
^frpm  its  direction  and  coio^'y,*^  '^^  "^^""^^  P»"i<V 
»»««>"  m  our  railroad  svstern  t?^  '  ^^^^^  °^<="Py  an  import^ 
^"P"?  a  very  favorable  %uS  cmd  « I!  '^^  ""^  com^tively'w 
\  It  bs  been  an  «npXC  wfe?? '%  ^T^  ^  ^«=«ti^ 
'^««m-^t  being  SnTof  th!  Tw.^'"  ^^  faulty  character  of 
•d,H:.:  «      **  °'  ^''e  pioneer  works  of  the  South,  and 


>  >    1 1 


V 

I  f 


1 

4 


11 


sa&&;  .-&■• 


■f^fiWvK 


(■  ' 


828 


H.  Poc.  136. 


J' » 


■fw  wXlt  tm'^he  ?X  1--  of  i«.co„s.™.bai 
a  local  woiK,  aim,  however,  to  become  a  much  more  im- 

beeii  unsuccessful.    It  ^f'^XecZne^on  with  the  North  Carolina 
portant  road  ^^^  .f  P'^'P'f '''when  the  last-named  road  shall  be 

SeTi  "n1\i::^4^^^  ^--  ^^^  ^r  r  ^^^'  ^"  x^^^ 

openea,  ana  uic^"*    e  bel  eved,  to  become  a  producuve 

superstructure    J  J^^  J^^^f  .^^^^^^^^^^^^  to  the  Wei  nnd 

r'^'  :/nf  thetunu?.^  T^^^^^^^    the  CerUral,  it  wiU  be  brought  into 
crmudfatiorwrtL  aarZo^i  a«i  South  Carohna  ro.6,  aM 

%\f  oSr^slli'eS  in  progress    lying  wholly  within  J 

SrS^Sl  td  liU  sec|e  ^aiW  ^^^^^^^^^^ 

rich  secuono    the  Stat^     It^w^^^^  the  sfate,  and  deWJ 

rtplc^y  t  sut;"^  ^,  profitable  traffic     Its  enj 

i^'SoOoVofwhifJ  s'mlhe  State  furbishes  S2,000,000.    The  who^ 
ll";  IS  Sr  contract,  to  be  completed  at  the  earhest  practicable, 

'^^^^  SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

Population  in  1830,  581,166  ;  inJ840,  594,398 ;  inJ^SJ  W 
.^  in  square  miles,  24.600  ;  inhabitants  to  square  nlile,  27.28. 

South  Carolina  Railroads.  <•. 

.filpnt  Mid  involvine  larire  moneyed  operations.  .  u.  J 

NoCner  S  a.e  people  of  tlm'  country  Mmmenced  ^i 
jKoTrf\^adJhaJ_U.eci^ofCtor^cme^ 


H.   Doc.  136.  ^^ 

and  Its  branches  is  249  «,i        ^  «29 

17,000,000.  ."242mdes.    Its  cost  has  been  a  littl.  1        . 

This  road  not  onlv  Hp,  ^^^  *an 

of  the  State,  but  has  ffiveTh?.^!,?^^^^  ^^^ation  to  all  fh.  •  . 

have  the  Georgia  ifnes^Pn^if^tV"  ^^e  neighborinasl?^'''^'  ^^^ 

of  May  next,  th^ey  wdl  be  cnb^^"  ^^^^^^^e  S -^In  f K    1^"^^^ 
,  the  ie  of  Ten^  '  P    f^'^"^  ^^"^^^  to  JVashviUrl^^  "^^  «"' 

Louisville  ahd  CincTnnat?     p'"'^  '^^^^^'^^  are  t  to     '  ^^P«^  ^^ 
Georgia  railroad,  Se  of*r.?'""l  ^'^^^'^'  the  w.stern^S''  '°T^^^ 
Alabama,  which  wisonnh^^l''  "^^'y  completed  I  i?'""'  °^^^« 
the  one  hand,  and  to  tKn  "-P"^^^^  ^""^ard  t?the  GiS^nrM'^"'""^^^' 

By  means  of  the  Tetetee^yA""  '^'  other.  ''  ^"^^"^  Texaco  on 
I  ton  IS  now  about  to  real.Vo  tu       ,  -Kentucky  roads  nl]„r7»j .    «. 
Ci.«W.- railn>ad?    Thrhur'^'^/^^^^  Project  o/^he^^^^^^^^ 
Originated  in  the  bold  fdea  fe-"^  '^J'  ^^^-n^e  L  weU^:^''"  «^ 
Hum  of  the  great  interior  blSo/';!  '^^'  ^"3^  ^^^^  corl^cialTr;   ^' 

5io.  JtwasbehevedffK^"^'.^«'^"^s«ee,  KentucW'  """^^  ^"terest 
-pended  in^econSal,:  '"^ '^  P'-^^tie'ai^eS^J^.^Ll  ^^"^'^-"^ 

ieaccompL-shment  of X  r*^  '"'^"^«  «^  the  r^utel^Wo *"'  "^''^ 
«".  at  the  period  when  it  wf  ''^'  "P°"  ^^^^  origh  al '  t,!^  TT  "^^ 
J  means  a'nd  the  .iS^rin/^eirn^'  ^"^FaSb^  '  A?  far"' 
^project  was  premature  ?f,  '"  ^-^  ^''^  ^"""try  were  cnnl  7 
fil  the  interests  tLt  couM  h„  u  ™^P«"de  was  bevoml  ?h«  k  r")^^' 
kgiven,  the  route  as  ^^^'•^"g'^t  ^^  bear  upon  ?t    'tu^^^I''^ 

h-^m.  w^&*r"«'"f'  p-j«=t  fell  .hmuT' vA?; 

kwlLilSf  °/  ^^0  mile.,  --org.  .^!  ^"^  ^"""^  JVashviil. 
FKSf^^"''"^  '^'  ^ti^^^^T^  ^  now  in  pro. 
ti'«-«J^.«lTthrr""  *°  '^^"""^d  b;^t;,,-yract     Lo^ui, 

I    J.  •  J'— excepung  a  small 


•'r; 


■a   '        '    i  .«.',,(   » 


3SK) 


H.  Doc.  136. 


« • 


rr.-sf 


which  she  so  zealously  l*^™l,iv  a«™        line,  i  that  above  de- 

A  more  direct,  and  W^"^^^^S  ^?  Sie  State  of  South  Cam- 

scribed,  IS  one  traversing  the  ^urelengn  ^^rtheastem  comer  of 

lina,  in  a  northwesterly  ^"^^^^^^"'J'Scarolina,  running  down  the 
Georgia  and  the  western  po^^e^^^^^^^^^^  thence  by  the 

LitUe  and  up  the  Great  Tennessee  nv,  jj^^^  through  Dan. 
Cumberland  Gap,  or  some  pract^cab^F^^^^^^^^ 

ville  arid  Lexington,  Kentucky,  to  C^ncinn^^^^^^  are  those  extending 
line  for  ^hich  the  means  ^^^  ^^^^^g^^^  J'^^^^^^  a  distance  of  243 
from  Charleston  to  A^dfJ^^A^^^^j^^'^^t^^ 

"'Xan'SaSaTng^^^^  ^}^ 

m  all  371  raues,  ana  leavi  b^       ,     ,   pannot  be  doubted.     A  consider- 

this  direct  line  will  be  ^^^^7^^^^^^  "eT^^^^^^  sufficient  means  for 
able  portion  of  the  comitry  ^J^versed  can  F^^^  by  connect- 

its  construction,  and  the  ^«f  ^^^^J  ^|I^XT  P^^^  li"k,  unpro- 

ing  hues  and  by  private  ^nterests.     Fp^^P^^ig  Relieved   hat^the 

vided  for,  betw^^"/;^^TsouSf  cSa  w  1  extend  liberal  aid. 
lerislature  of  the  S^ate  f  f  outh  Carolm^ 

A  South  C'^''>^'^,^t'^i^r^^^^ 

the  lower  portions  of  ^^is  great  <^ham   are  i^^  ^^  ^^^^^^^^  ^ 

cient  support.    That  portion  «t  ^t  througn  improvement  act 

undoubtedly  receive  tlie  benefit  of  the  ^^^"t  mtem       ^i^^^^  ^^. 

of  that  State,  wWch  WP^  f^l  Sa^  clbe  obtained.^! 
Unes-^.  sum  sufficient,  ^^^^h jha^^pnva^^e  ^^  ^^  ^ 

secure  its  construcuon.    J^^  ^^^^^^^  ^^gion  of  vast  mberal  re- 

boundary  hue  «f  Tennessee    travers^^^^^^  ^^.^ 

sources.     It  is  believed  the  amount  lacton^^^^ 

yond  the  means  of  the  peopk  ^^l^^J^^jf^^l^^^    Active  measures  a^ 
p^ies  interested  >"  thejAo^^^^^^^  ^^^^^^ 

;rKrranf:fTrtrS^^  to  awaken  the  mindsofthe 

^1?;:  itVm^Sll  F^^s  ilSlth  Carolina  are  the  Gre^fJ 
n  iVnlJc^Sotte  and  South  Carolina,  the  Wdmington  afiiMo»\ 
S:fSidte''Sire::road  extendi      from  Char^ston  ^oaju^ 

S  Sa,  feut  th:y  are  apfropriately  described  as  a  portion  olthj 

^t^G^l^^tdolur^  road  extends  from  Columbi^  the  ter, 
e  i^I  Simbia  branch  of  the  South  Carolina  raikoad,  toGrwn 

.tough-Une  »  the  M„™s.p|..  J'^'°^;„I^Ju  ^''X  S .  o«»eJ 


rovement  act 


H.  ©pc.  ISQ, 

.''i^SrS:„rf^r5^r'^  i^^°E's„  brief  „7. 

mNonh  Carolimi,  toT,?''?^'°«f> ''«'  most  impZZt.Tj^.'"'"^''^ 
market.    Like  most  of  tL         u  """"""^^^^  without  suitablp  n         '"  ^ 

""^^'^it^  and  Manchester  railroart      tu       ,  • 

pubJic.  and  will  add  lamelv  to  tK    ?  ^  conveilynce  of  the  travS 

other  roads.    AlthouglJa  first  J -fw    *""  '""^^''^^^  ««  relaUonsto 
U  cost  of  southed  roads      Tb:  whoie'V'^  constructed  at  ttZl 
p  advanced;  some  portions  of  it  are  o-     ''  ""-''^''  "^^"'^^"^  «"d 
N^ss  to  completion  with  all  practicablpT  ^'''  ^"^  '^^  ^bole  is^n 
'  The  only  Dro/ect  of  any  considS^hl      kp^'P^^^^* 
;i;ced.  as  tlie  ^«r.A.«,,i^^"oaf  lt?H^      'n^portafice,  not  already 
l^m  and  Manchester  road    of      "^-  ^"T  Charleston  to  the 
arlingtOD.     Theobjectof  thiJrn.:i^    ^  P^""^  between  Marion  Jn5 
■r^t oudet.  and  to  place  her   nil  1'"  '^'"^  "^  ^^^leS  a  m^re       " 
j;he  South.    WitLut  suci  a  w^rk  £^^  T^^  between^e  Ch 
jMou^/er  road  would  be  to  dTve«  the  j^'^T*  ''^^^  mim,J^      ' 
id  would  consequently  threatPn  JZ     •  f  T*^^*  travel  from  thai^IT 

»  prmoses.to  construct  a  Skn  v  ""^^  ^^^  rfon.  this  ci^ 
fks  she  wiU  place  herself  o?V?  ^'^^^  ^'^  Savannah.  BvlbpS 
^«tremes  of?he  coun^^'  °'^  ^*^^  ^°--"-°t  line  of  travel  bltf^^ 


Ctt;OBGiA. 
ft.^'U?68^^^^^^  in  1860.  906.999 


'  V  ■  fri.r 


'^ 


•,M 


III  Mi 

W 

III  Ml 

m 

illM 

P 

Hil  wBlt 

Ipf 

S'   '4 


^2  \  'ii.  Doc.  136.  ' 

,  e^  ^oTiaopmpnf  of  her  railroads.    In  these  respectJi^ 

lence,  and  successful  f  anagement  oi  « ^r  rour  r      * 

^he  ranks  first  araonj  the  «°f^«^^  JSJt'ere  completed  ^ 

Ling  to  the  ff  V- I^S  i^r  they  ^r^^^  From  the 

a  comparatively  brief  penod  after  they  wer  ^^^^^^  . 

sparse  populauon  m  the  fouth.  and  the  a^^^^^^^  g^^^^    ^^.^  ^^ 

iAterior,  tte  completion  of  a  ^ad  ^necessary  ^„      fi^^ye. 

connexions  proposed  are  formed,  the  worK     .|^      i^^ge  revenue,  as 
Successive  ifnks,  as  they  are  opened.  do  not  J^eld  g^  ^^^  ^^., 

is  the  case  with  many  nonhern  h^es,  ^^h^^h  hnd  ^^  ,    -^  ^^,  ^    ^ 
boring  villages  a  remune^^tmg  *^«^^-     {^°^V  many  of  the  projects  ot- 
to be  attributed  the  [p^l^r-e  m  t^^  the  1  nes  of  railroad  commeiced  at 
1836  and  1837.     Portions  «%«J^^^^^^^^^^  which  fol- 

that  r "i^^' TL-T-^it^r  or  Jsecutir^^  Hnks  brought 

lowe5  checked  th*"^.^"^^^^?  P^^^^^^^^  importance  to  develop  and 

into  u^e  were  not  «f  ^^^^'f^^S^^d^^  intances,  projects 

commaiid  a  remunerative  busine^,  mid,  m^ 

•  we  ab#onedeven  after^^^^^^^^^  ^Uuded  to,  were  ctfly 

for  business.     Ihe  reverses  vauci  southern  and  jjyeetern 

Tat'f  ThS:  gS\l'  tKerXTldcrness  as  compared  with 

o;ily  from  the  l^ck  of^pvtal  adequa^^^ 

those  ouaMies  "^^^^'^^^P'^^tnce.    The  eflfect  of  the  reverses 
and  wM  can  only. result  ^rom/^P^'^^^^  attempts  to  construct  raU- , 
^ottainel,  was  to  discourage  for  a  J^«  J^^^^f    P^^  has  brought  with 
roads.     But  the  ""g  P,^^-^^^^^^^^^^^  examples°of  other 

it  greater  means;  a  wider  exper^^^^^^^^  objects;  and   a  more  inti- 

States;  more  disUnct  and  better  dennea      j        ,  .^  ^^^^^ 

pate  m-^^^^^-f-f^^r'^nTt^^^^^  <=°™«4 

.     in  such  ^J'^ks.  Jhe  ope^^auo^^^^^  ^^  ^^^^^^.      A 

iV^'   MareSS per odtSese  were  assumed  in  the  projects u. 
Tt^l^enfr  &  ^"r^-tly^^^^^^^^^^^^ 

the  to ThSafteVa  sovere^struggle,  her  l-ding  Une»  were  ™pto 

oNi/ State.,  Their  roads  ^ave  not  only  en^^ledthcm^"^^^^^^  ^ 
resources  to  the  bestlicfammp^urfiave  d^  t^^ 
spirit  of  enterprise  and  activity  tor  which  the  people  ot  Ueor.a 
parUcularly  distinguished.  .    -ongtitute  two  great  lind 

■^  The  leading  roads  '"  ^P^'"^^"'"  J?  JJ^^'f^f^^Z  T^  fint  extenj 
tepresenting,  apparently,  two  ^different  *"J«^^^'^'-  /  "^^1;^  TennesJ 
dm  Savannah;  the  commercial  capital  of  the  State,  to  the 


^.   Doc.  136. 


Ham  and  TTestern  ami  w!  ^^^  '^  ^^^i  "P  of  the  G,^.^    r,  - 
valley,  is  a  State  work     Th^    ^  ^f^''^  carried  iSo  tho  T^""^'  ^^^ 

CmAka  railroad,  and  rer^'"'  /^l  ^ .'^^^^'  ^^^^^on  ^t^^^l 
as  does  the  Wer^^  l^^rnnah'^^?  ^^  "^  ---ercSfdfS 
em  and  Atlantic  link  mav  K«  -/^  ^  <^ertain  extent  th^  \^  * 
The  first-described  line,  however  T"^  •'■  ^"  ^^'"'"on  to  b„A  It?''' 
nect  it  with  a  much  larJ^r         ^'  ^"^  "nJ>ortant  branched  w.\  °^*' 

Macon  it  receives 'be  2?I/r°"  ^f  ^'^^  State  th  "n  S  kn?  ^T 
constricted  to  Ogl.thorpTwffwm^^^^^^  ^  -Po'^n?&^^^^^^ 
the  Chattahoochee.  A  branrh^rTk-  v^  ^^ntmued  to  Fort  GaJnIc  ^ 
.in^portant  town  op^hrriver  ^  tl  "  '^^  F^^-^"-  Su'C 
western  Georga  and  easfP,-n  Ii  u        *"®  Principal  decof  nf  ftoJ^-' 

anes  of  the  State,  and  will  r^^„i  •  ^  northern  and  westPm  K       j^- 

tan*g  .raffic:        "•"  —  ="  'n>po„a„.  -cesdoTtoufit 

The  three  great  roads,  of  the  Stai»  „),■  ui 

M"l,and  take  high  rSktir^??"  ^^«*'  ^«^n  u£„7y  s^e! 

feihTSf'^'?'-  «   series   oT?eL-s^T"^"^^"^b««tW^^^ 
kwtthstandliig   their  iiriperfect  modT  '  r^^'  P^'"  ^^"t-  Mendf 
Ireamred  repairs  equal  to  an  enuVdHew  5  ^^"^^"^^tion,  which  hi' 
Me « less  than  the  average  ouIa^ZT^T'^'''''-''^^^  t^eir  cost  Tt 
Mwing  m  part  to  the  favorabK       ''"^^*'"*  *^«  country.    £ 
Uipnses,  and  the^ruderSd  skSfor'''^"^*'^.^  conr^lr^i,  such 
«n  constructed  and  manage?      AU  lhT''T'"  ^"  ^^^'^h  they  have 
^.  chiefly-  from  their  IcS   raffic     Th?  ^^^^  Proved  p Aabll 
ecta^-hnks,  which  must  use'the  a^t       ^  ^^P'^  extension  of  coa! 
'«8t,«  the  ordinary  course  of  h.T ''' ^^'^""k  lines  to  imiS 
^ntconsiderableTevrnue^  "^  ^"«^«««'  »  very  largely  trth:^ 

'^on  on  the  Savannah  river  A  iv. '  •  f^l^^^^  ^^  ^he  headof 
^in,  and  the  whole  is  n^Iy  c^^^,^"  -\f^^  ^-e  is  already  if 
tm^-Iink  between  other  roads  anTK  ,  "  ^  important  con- 

iST  r^  ''^^^^  '•»  the  sou'Cte^  „S-'"^«dd  to  ^^^  Se^ 


'4 


';l'-."r;'. 


J  ?• 


<  X 


1? 


"   '  ±.'      «f  ti,o  QtnMi    The  Southwestern  is  alrel 

postern  .fortion  of  the  Sm%    i  neo    ^  ^.^^, 

>  vto  to  junction  s"th  the  S«"^^'  ft^Kon.    it%uverses  a  ticS  - 1 

}  BOW  ■ 


'  "striking 


■  bm 


BSS 


t  Will  VPtnaieiy  jwiiijp-^vw-*";'  ,   7^*1 
Sntring  at  Columbus  ll(^«fai|^^ 


enue. 


~U%  nearly  complite^l^Ciivi  iflteBpenig 
[i^^rable  importan®^  to.«oth^r,m«ls  in 

?itoi&v  ^lA^^SMrHMPP^'ljears  pretty  much  the  same  relatibn  to 

■  HW^WmXwtscogee  to  the^  Central  hue.. ^^Tt  ^extends  from 
.^^W  f^S^i^am\ie  Georsiu  and  fTesf^-re  a»*  Atlantic  ro^i, 
^^l^i^r  eSn  terminus  of  the  MonM^nan,  a,ul  W^ 
to  'ire??'  -P^w^  .  t"®  ^  Tcr  .«;1p<,      A  Dorlion  of  tWoad  i§  already 

in ialstation,  and  the  wlo'e  "  '■3.  ,o  Montcomery,  Jfcbama.    As . 

r feSTt  i?Sy   8-^=*  -  '  -^^  °f,  ™^f  1=  "f ^'  i 

Connecllpg  ImK,  u  1=3"""^'  »^  ,  v,;„>iW  rultivated  portwMofthe  State, 

■  trlt  fairJ^  KtlrMJ^r::^  of  i?  Stl  a  we 

•  ^;S;in.porUnt^^^i^ 
>  particularW  -^^^^^^^^f^.^^'Z  the   State  of  GeorgiS  mtst  J 

Wa  to  the  .^^'^^'^'^l, 'Surmounting  the  grfeat  Alleghany  or  AppaJ 
awarded  the^onor  of  fir^t^^^^  of  railroad  from  tlJ 

,  lachian  jrange,  a^r^d  ol  carrying  a  difficulties  in  the  waj^ 

seacoast  into  the  ^''^^^f  ^V^^^^^^^^^  regarded  as  a  crownJ 

"'  r '  Wh"  Te™^^  the  Zt  [mpo 'ant  rcsuks  are  ce  J 

riL^loJ^   The  construTbn  of  the  Western  and  Atlantic  road  was  ^ 
.,  to  follow,     ine  consiruciuj  ,  ^  ^j      southern  and  soutW 

''  signal  \iT  To^^^.^-^^^ 

-  western  States.  15y  opening  an  "«  „,,merous  important  proecti 
tion  of  country,  it  at  once  gave  birth  to  ^X^'"^,^.  JM 
which  are  now'  making  rapid  progress,  ami  ^"i^J;  .  j;.  ] 
wil  OF^  to  the  whotesouthern  country  the  .^^vn^.  of  radro^ 
ttansportation.  Among  the  mpre  important  of  thei 
Ttemphis  and  Charleston,  the  East,  Tenn^ssee^ 
NMeand  <^^nooga  rbads  already  rfiterr^ 
will  open  a  dir^&;  of  railroad  from  Me 
on  the  Tenuesail^r,  to  tho  southern  Atla 

•  pnd  8n^ann.ah.  and  >Vill  become  lOie^tig^ 
^"^iSt  radial  branches.'  The  mshm^ 


be  namq 

Itrt,  and 

fThe  fon 

ortant  toij 

'  CharlestI 

number  of  i 


of 


1  sprir 


tant  radial  prancues.     j.^-^  .,c^..^...-,  - 
tR^  State  of  Tennessee  in  a  northwesterly 
impulse  to  the  numerous  radroads' which  are  i , 
TeWssee  and  Kentucky.     These  rairoajs  w.U|, 
with  those  of  Ohiprindiana  and  }^-<^^j^^il^Z 


I  given  a  m 
1  life,  both 
conncj 
northern  i 


^^^'^tZ^^^'^'== 


^:  136. 


r^iMtruction  of  this  roa^  •       ^f"«acola,  n  Florida     n  ^'^^  i^"an- 

fcoDg  the  works  of  i„,eS  !m„™''°  "  8'«"i  to  this  Stat,  ,„ 
kled,  in  prorress    „r  „    .    '"P'^ement  tiferein    ,„l.  1     ' '"- 

^nsof  citizens  of  th^S^r  ''  '"?^"'  '^^'-^ore.  l?th!7Z  '"''^- 

I*  ".after,  relating  .0  thrSt.'"  *^  ^«»*.  and  cont^i„f  ;*! 

_  e  roads  of  these  Staffl<jf^i  ^      fe:^- 

P  akeg  arp  th/    j-  7^  '^po'tant  1  les       A«  „7    '^I'ons  exist- 

r;^gle8  to  the  pamliels  iS^g^^'^'^^^smess  ofroadild^^ 
»««ame  parallels,  some  mMS^^TZ^"^  ^'^^  those/foS*- 
'    f        ^8*°    ^»fl^reace  are  Uad,  In 


*«> 


'^n 


:'^'. 


'■t:,*f-  •• 


/" 


::^ 


n-'A 


M' 


If 


-4. 


•  .*• 


'.* 


•     '  ..N'T? 


U{>i 


■J 


rf*. 


Il    Doc.  ISfi- 


,1.  latter  casC^^ere  ^^^r^.^^^^ZZ^rl^^^ 

whole  populauon  19  engaged  in  a^ui^J^^     ^^^^  •  ^  ^^6  same  in  tt«A 

traffic,   the  prod«<^i«  3^^^^^^^^^^^^^  «"  entirely  different 

But  upon  axout^  ^"f^'^'^^Vt^ayeT^re^ori!  abounding  in  a  diversity 
rule  pSails.     Such  rou  es  traverse  ^eg^       ^^^^^^  ^^  ^^  ^^ 

of  productions,  all  ofi  which  a^e  regara  ^^  ^^.^  ^^  ^^.^_ 

:;rry  indiv/dual  in  the  como^umty.      S"di  ^e^  J^^^  ^  ^^ 

cide  with  the  ««^»^f  J°"^^^he  S'^^^^^^^^^  ""^^  ^  '"'^'^^'^'' 
mu3t  always  pass.  «lt^°V|V,SnKv?^^^^  ^"^^  ^^"^^V^  '^"""'^ 
voted  to  agriculture,     ^he  grmnsi  pr  ^^^^^^^  of  cotton,  rice, 


It  is  this  fact  that  giv^  P^'^^'TtoTend  f^m  the°Gulf  of  Mexico  to 

munication  which  it  is  P'^^P^^^^^fX  e^^^^^^^  o(  which  .abound  in  the 

the  lakes,  thus  uniting  a  po"""^y  ^^       h\h  northern  latitudes. 

fruits  of  the  tropics,  and  «^^«  rt^J^f  Mexico  constitutes  a  gre.' 

A  railroad  extenamg  from  yj,,';."^.  ^  channel  of  distribution  ova 

national  route  of  qommerce,  and  f^^^^^^^r  Jucts  of  the  regions  t. 

the  whole  country,  for  the.  vast  v^«j       r  ^    ^^^^       j^^^ 

^rsed,  and  at  the  f-«]""^,S^CfuC^^^^^       Such  are  the'^ext^ 

may  not  be  required  ^^'^^^omesUc  e^^^^^^        the  whole  aggregate, 

and  range  of  human  wants,  that  they  t^^^^        ^^^^         ,       0, 

ducuon  of  every  varie  y  f^'l^^^^'%  capable  of  p^ofcing  m 
to  the  variety  f  J^^',^;dtLy "^^^^^  an  '««ancerfa 

every  arUcle  used  m  orainary  r  ,         compleUo^ABT  a  raJroi 

that  ire  of  prima^  ^'?^P°'^  Lake  Egan,  a  person  Sg  midr 
from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  ^°  ^j^^J^Xve  ^^^  daily  supplied  . 

between  the  two  ^^^^  ^^^^^^^^^h^^  Seliciou,  fruits  of  the  trop.cs,j 
the  luxuries  of  both  ^xtre^^^^j'"  Valuable  products  of  northern  I 
the  more  t6m|^red  ^ut  n^^^y^^^^^^   P     ctically. 

of  eocA.^  ,       ,  enuallv  important  in  aiiqther  poit 

Extended  lines  of  ^adroads  are  e OT   ^  aggregate  there  u. 

view.    It  ^^-y^Jl^SoX  ^^^  oil  the?f  Sfee  iM 
abundance  of  production  for  the  w^«        Such  must  be  the  case  I 

crops  in  different  Vor^'^'^'fJZr^nJmth  ordinary'  roads  odI 
country  of  so  vast  an  f  ^^.^.r^re  ,urplu»  product  as-to  sJ 
is  found  ipipossible  so  to  ^'^^'^l^J^^e^  ^failed.  The  H 
abundance  at  points  .-»^J^t'l,^l!7nrZaiv  roads  is  measoredj 
economical  ^nsP**^^'*'"  ^^J^!^",  Jf  want  and  abundance,  thef«l 
few  miles..  The  greatest  ex^em^sof^>^^^^^^^ 


H.  Doc.  130.  4 

887 

ALABAMA. 

Populaiion  ill  1830,  309  5Q7 .  •     .o         ' 
iream  square  miles  fin -yoo    •' ,    .    ^*0'  590,756.  ■„  ic^« 

chaxacter  we  have  de-inriu   j^  ,       ^'^^^  of  the  ^vlnT*      ,^' 

ing  /mm  Mobile,  on  he  Gulf  t.f^^'^^  -"^  OlgoTaiCt  ''^  ^''^ 
river,  a  distance  of  SqI^-,  "^^  2f  ^^exico,  to  the  m/I"^'''  ^xtend- 
MobiJe  bay  to  a^infth  "'•  /^°'«  ^^obill  it  wii.T"'^  «<' the  Ohio 
at  low  tide,  maK  rI^''l  ^  ^T^  "^  20f  feeT  of  vv  ^'^^^^^^^  ^^^n 

Irection  pf  the  heavy  traffic  «  "raoie.     There  are  no  frm.l      •      ,  ^""^^ 

point  of  elevation^W^the  Tfr"^  ^'  ^'^^^  to  the  nilL  U"  l^"^^^ 
reqnired  above  130  feX  J  ^"£ '«  on^V  505  feet  S  ^^e  highest 
aleml  outfit,  is  $lo  ooofe  S\«^"'^«M  cost  of  f^f,  ^"^f  ^  ^^« 
'in operation;  but  the  wol  •*  .^^^«^«Iine  33  °^/^^  '°^^'  ^^h 
I  bai  will  'be  immedltet  ''l '"  ^''^^^^^  "^n  279  t!  ''"  ^^^^^ 
iave  the  whole  linrcomnf  .^  ''''^^  ""^^^  contract  T.^'^'  ""^  ^''^ 
time.    Thecompanvar^?T^  '^^''^"^  three  yeTr;  f^Jl'  i"J^«ded  to 

>•««  in  any  ^U-m1  """»'W  on  the  other    j,°  ^"""'"gl'ee  river 

Nrestiiiff  nnoii  tho  Ai  .  ^*"PP"^menc  ncr  in  AM.„         V    *^'ties. 
PM  Mobile, j|  the  Alabama- ^JT  ^"^^'  to  be  eventuaJlv  ^ 


ItoMoh  «    iu  '''^  ^'«'^«m*>iver  at  ^rl^       ^  a')ama,  thouoh  at 
--ni3  to  ae.....;»;^^iH  The  ^^^^^.e'^J;::^^ 


'<i..    Hi  4,*  :,   .         -|.'#  '<"   '  I 


S'^  to  accommodate^ 
^^UWge  business  is  anti, 

23 


fcf...^ 


1  viSi-, 


pfe\,&.sT 


1  Aft  ■■'""'      '  •  i  i 
'     "  >   .^  <> '    •     ''St. 


^i  '    ir  "•  >?^ 


:-.'  ■'i 


■t^i^ 


hi' 


i  •s 


'»«f 


I 


>  .t  i 


't 


-'IS*' 


iS6. 

wrqadfrom  Jacksonville  to  Palton,  Geor- 
-  -  .  ttfftft  fFffi-m-eai  line  already  described,  traversing  the  en- 
gia,  to  connepUWlfn  ine  6||;  i^  Q^ijem  Georgia,  eastern  rennessee, 
Sre  country,  *pa8smg  through  r^rth^^^^^^       b  i-oad AyiU form 

and  centr^Jaiid  western  Vu-gina.^^^^^^^  ^^^  ^^^^^^  ^^^^^ 

the  southern  trunk,  and  co"^^*'^^  V*^'"  ^^'^'iu  ^Iso  form  a  link  in  another 

import,&nt  chain  et  roads,  ^^^PiJgJ^^  parried  forward 

FrWGunter's  Landing,  us  "^^^V^^^^  by  the  Winchester 

I  the  Nashville  and  CfuiUanoo^^dji  Wmche^.^,  J^^,,      ^^^^^.^^^ 

ai^P^Uama  road,  now  m  P^^^f'*      jl^'o^peration.    Fron^ Winches- 

]mfid  me  other  by  way  "i    \  -From  Winchester  to  McMmnville  a 

;^lfe  and  Lcxuigton,  Kentucky^    Fn^^^^^ 

.fcad  is  in  F«g-«^'^%^""Sn^unp^^^^^  is  ubout  250  miles  long] 

portion  of #e  hue.    /'^^^^"J;.""P  embraced  n  the  internal  iInprov^^ 
'  5lie  Ten^ssee  porUon  of  th  ^«^  ^^^^J^.^,,,  ^,  j^  progress  to  LcJ 
xne^  act  Ot  that  Kate,  and  vinrop  Tennessee  and  Kentucky/ 

the  means  reqms.te  to  tli^^^^^J;,,^"/"  completed,  the  Aiftna  ail 
When  these  connecting  hnessha^^^^^^^ 

^ennesse^road  will  «"f  ^T^^^J '^^^^^^^  in  the  Btate  of  Missi 

r  The  Amajna  ec^^if^±l^'ll  iSpTopriate  extension,  east,  of  i 

sippi,  and  extttfiding  to  Selma,  ]«  ^'l^P^^^^^        ^i^e  State  of  Missiesip 

fKusiirpi  Sa«^4m^  railroad  'l^^S^^if^'^i^^i'S^^^^  under  cont' 

centrally  from  west  to  east.    This  hnehas^D^^ 

from  the  State  Une  toSeJ^S%^;^  P^P«^^  .^^  ^fj^ 

eastward  so^a.  ^^^^^^^^''^Z^o^Iou  oTthe  above. 
gan^j  W  .^^S^dir^  and  co^Uqus  railroad  ^ould 
Si^d  "^S^Sihe  aSc  ports.pf  Charle^ton^d  Sava. 

an^«aIninati9n  "ofthe  accompanpng  W-     ihe  ^^  V^ , 

line,  -ith  the  e^cepuo,  of  t^^^^ 

will,  for  the  pre8e«^,^e  ^ag^^^'^fA^      is  the  pVoposea 

.  ^"£J'Ttotru^,»S^S^^^^^ 

4rom  Cftrorrf,  a  ^own  "PP^lifry^  • .    j  railroad.    A  portion  of 
^?''''^,^'S     ltttaveSf»/toTco„8id«ablepaitoftetogtl.« 


_lhe  G0orgia  syateni  o^roau";    ^Y;^-,^        ^^   ^^,],  may  not^ 
-be  n^aoSRTthough^  T^MhToSSefa^ry  import» 

e  now  occupied. 


H'   Dot,  136. 


889 


Seen  brieHy  noticed.     It  commences  nTS        u.^"*  west,  has  alreadv 

town  upon  the  Mississippi  beTween  IV    **A"|Ph«.  the  most  import^^ 

png  through  portionTof  Sesfr  M-^"^"^  ""^  St/LouC^d 

forms  ajunctionvTith  the  Nashvijnn!jPK''''''Wi.  and  Alabama 

_^m  poijion  of  the  last  nS  Sta^  Chattanooga  road  in  the  nS 

whole  line  IS  under  r>nn»,.o«»     <-"  oiaie.     Its  leneth  is  9fi!i   .^i         V 

My  .he  "horrrrihe'roadt^'l  ">■/''  "SsS^Mo'oo*" 
anipkineans  for  consfiM^f;  "^^-^°"Y  *^  subscribed   in   «/r>,z..  „    i 

Aard  toCrompTetb:  wi»  ^'^^^^■^^^'  "^^  --'  wi2'  be 

/he  above  line  includes  two  of  tS  ^V'^m'^"^'^^^  despatch         ^ 

Uiei<^or«^^e,  and  the  r«,cSi«  «,2   n  ^  ff'^''^^^  P'-qJeets  of  1837  r 

was  abandoned  after  it<  H!!  '^^'^  ^ccamr.     The  form^f  ^r  Vu     *^ 

as  the  moti%-nower      Tl,«  »•*?  Wi  Jate  years  been  \vorL=r?  u.rU 

waKrare  a  complete  otetrucUon  to  Zf"-  ^^''•"  »'»<=1'  1-  W 
nm.   Both  of  Uie  above  roads  hav»t,    "™«>«'oh  of  the  Tennes&I 

uiaaes  wffl|  that  of  the  m-eathnp      tj    •      ,    '  '^""  their  direction  />/^ 
'^^J"^^  A^-tter"  ^'"'  ^'-     T'^^'r  -^option  will  diminish  Cgejy 

|u«,jrucurgeu^iOPj,gj        I  j^  '  """  me  Mississippi  rivpr 

Nofa  large  trade  ai^aver^nT^;^^,!""«t  become  the  c W ' 
ven«nt  oudet  to  the  AflKppi  Hvpr  T'^  ^'^^«^«"  W'"  form  a  c^" 

fatx^^^^^^^       pre:ft:r'if  pT^;/,t 

l^hen  completed,  fo.^  r;art  oflhT  t-  '^'  ^^^"^^'^  A-  1? 
rjMdbetween  the  Mississippi  and  f>,     a*^^'^  practicabfe  hne  of 

fficienttoestabhshitsclaimMrpubhoi  ."^^^^tic-a  fact  in  itself 
ofits  ength  it  traverserthe  ?Te„„r''^^'f,^°^-  ^or  the  greater 

^^edi^cts  in  the  United  Steves     Thf'^^  ^^^7'"  «"«  of  thfmosf 

TatftionT^^,-  ^^ChSon^a^riala^r'?^-^^^^^^^ 
S!<C        of  a  We  trade  now  drawn  ^.'  ^^^  securing  to 
^ofm  eastern  outle^  *  ^"^  °^  ^^  ^e  Mississippi^f^ 

The  only  considerA .  work  Jn 

^"""""y ''°«  of  e^Sia,  by  Te  feiiS™^,^- 


.i 


'M 


f:f 


M 


^^  H.  DocJ  IW. 

West  Point  to  the  Georgia  rt«'_r^£/'^;T  M^^^^ 
and  this  Unk  wiU  shortly  be  su^uettoy^    West  Point  railroad  i^ 
railroad.    The  route  of  the  Montjn.«y^^^^^^^  .^  already  in  F«o„ 
identical  with  ^^at  of  a  gteat  In^  ot  tmv    .  .^^.^^ged  by  the  pro- 

of  a  large  through-business,  ^^^ich  wm  be^^  ^^^^^^^  ,^^^  .^  .^  ^^^^^^ 

gress  of  southern  ra"'^«!'**^- .  ,L™  ^oad  with  Columbus,  so  as  to  forma 
to  connect  the  last  portion  of  J^  f  J"f  ^ch  an  improvement  would 
junction  with  the  ^^^'><^'S''^  J'^'^^^J^^Zd  the  ttunk  of  two  great 
Constitute  the  Montgomery  «'^5^,\^'^^tend  a  line  of  railroad  from 
eastern  Hnes.,    It  -f  ^Cgf  tL^^^^^^^^^^  ^e  no^  doubt  of  the  uhi- 

demand  further  notice.  : 

>  ,       MISSISSIPPI.  ^ 

,    .       •"    iQQA  nfi  fiQl  •  in  1840,  375,6^1 ;  in  1850, 600,555. 
Population  m  1830,  136.621  ,m.^^ 

Area  In  square  miles,  47,15b  » ^""^  •  |„  Mississippi  ts  tlie  South- 
The  only  importarit  ^"/^  ^o^rfi  to  Brandoi!  a  distknce  of 
em  railroad,  .f  pending  from  If^^gomery  and  West  Point  mho.L 
about  sixty  miles.  Ihis,  I'.^e  lut.  «g,,„ti-and  has  experienced  i 
vras  one  of  the  e^^y.^JT^fn^^tiSi  it  was  proposed  to  make  tf.^ 
similar  history.  By  * V  ^^'"^1  &^^^^  M  ssissippi  and  AlabaJ 
part  of  a  line  extending  through  he  States  o^^      ^^^^i  g^ ,  ^^^  ^^  ^^  ^^ 

?o  Georgia,  and,  in  connexion  with  ^«  ^^^^^.y,,,.^  ^oads,  the  sche. 
lantic. '  As  was  the  case  withso  ma  y  ^  circumstaaees  th 

proved  a  failure.  It  is,  »>°,^X's^n  a  greater  part  of  the  Alab. 
promise  fuU  success.  f^^i^^^^J^Ss;  and  oplration.  are  about 
Sortion  is  either  completed  "^^  f  TJiYg^iggippi^secuon.  When  m 
le  commenced  upon  the  ""S^^^f  „f '^^^^iblic  utility.  There 
plet^d.  this  lineyrill  P^/^^X Iret^er  ajpareit  neces^t 

r^iijfeS/tfSr^S^^^      i. .. 

leans  aims  at  opening  ^ /^'T'f^^""  ^^^^^  Zposed  northern  termuinjj 
the  southern  and  >«jstern  States.     1^  Tl 

"thisVeat  work  is  NashvMe,  the  cap.m  ^^       ^  ^ji^,,    i, ,« regaid| 
lengtli  of  the  road  will  be  about  fij«^°"^  ^^^^^^  ^  is  one  ol 
il^ith  especial  favor  by  the  people  «*  J^f'f^  ^^s^o^  to  herself  a  tr 
^eat  w?rk.  by  which  ^ha-t  city  p^^^^^^^^^  tide  of  .esj 

^hich  has  m  a  measure  ^^^f /^^^^X"  ^Je  fmrnense  resources  of 
.^^emmcrcc  iaher.g.yori^nd  todeve^^ 

extensive  region  of  cduntrv,  to  tje^omr^rce  ^^^^^     ^^ 

lay  claim.    The  magnitude  o^his  pr  J"  ^  | 

Ss  of  the  objects  ^f^^fZ^'oZnTt^it^  fuUy  awakene^l  1 
.of  supioeness,  the  city  of  New  Orleans  is  ^^  „« 

as  Jevidence  of  thfc  I^^er^^^^'S  000  to  the  Stock  of  thp  af 
tare  efforts,  she  has  subscribed  $2,000,yuu  w  m  i 


./'/ 


/// 


M:::/; 


/, 


V'  Doc.  186; 


m 


,  *     -»    ' 


^  I/I.*    ' 


/' 


«     J 
J* 


11 
/ 


*>. 


roidi  and  is  adopting  the  moat  v"  '      \- 

cure  i^«»  early  coustr uctioa.    With^K^"^  ^**  effect ve  measures  to  ««. 
IflHtt,  tfie  Deople  on  the  J?ne  ocZ  '^/'^'«^<^e  offered  byNew  ot 

d^cjveness  the  inhabitants  o?S  are  Sr^.f  ^^-^  ""'^^^  ««d  p"^„ 
'Jin     m^  ^'^ly  to  contribute  freefv'h^'^"  '«>J^ortance  oAC 
of  diem.    When  the  great  interest  IL/!?^  whatever  may  be  reciuirerf 

,  be  brought  to  bear  uoon  if  or«       ^orK,  and  the  local  meana  ikn* 

Lb^or  a  greater  part  of  the  Snofntr.?'^^^^^^^^^  the  road  ban T 

,  roaVl  The  line  of  this  roarl  l..!       '  f  ^^"^  TOinimuni  cost  of  son^L 

My  p„r.«c  a  pJe  y'SLt  c6u"^ l  k''"  ^«"^^*^iy  loeatd.Ct  SV 
•bn  M,ssi.sippi,  ^a  no^cZtlZ^l  --y  of  Jackson  atid  aS 
The  next  great  1  ne  in  f ho  *jJ  7  •     .  ,,     ■  •  '-  If 

fro™  Cantonin  anorth^ri^SrSn'an;?  "^'^"^^^^  ^^'^al,  extendinir  ^  <  '     '^  U-'  ' 

m  e  State  ine  of  TennesserTw^^^  .;     ;/..    j^|.  i 

Jackson,  .n  the  latter  State,  there  to  form  a  '•  P'*"P««^4  »<>  expend  tT  P       V-       :  t/  ^  . 

\t  ^y'  T^'o^"^  *^«  proposed  iSro^-'r'''-''"^*'^  ^^'«  Mobite  ^      "  *    *  ''  '^ 

JMempbis.    At  Canton  it  Will  unhewTthT-^'^^'^H'  Kentucky,  to 
lackson,  and,  m  connexion  xvith  thTs  .J.    .  T'^,  "'^'^  ^"  Progress  t^ 

lAldHjurii  the  work  of  construction  h^sL^^^"'  ^"^  Jackson  line! 
Imns  have  already  been  provided  bv  tL^    ^^^  ^^tn^enced,  ample 
Ipbters  upon  its  line.     The  obS  of  rh-     "7"''^^'  ^"^  ^^e  WeSt'hv 
ienchcotton  lands  traversed  ly  it  whipr^^ ''  '°  ^P*'"  «"  °"tlet  fo?' 
Meincans  of  sending  their  wodL^,'*  are  now  deprived  o£M 
l^  are  constructed  in  fhe  s^uSlhev  r  fn?  "^^^'^     Wiienever  r JS  ' 

nnsportation,  and  consequenUv  incrp?J  f  ""''l^  H^'j  the  oost^ 

kessity  is  imposed  u^n  oriL  d?S  ^  P'"^*'  ^f^^e  planter,  that 

ka«  the  means  of  corpe^g  sueSX'w",f  ^^  '"  '^^  ^^^^^^^ 

fmh  works.  ^      «  successfully  with  those  in  possession 

Anftther  road  of  considPMM«  •  ^ 

"comer  of  the  StaTel  '^"^""'^  ^  '""'^^ 


'  M 


!■■•  ■>:••-■  f'H;  ti 

r   I  ' 


f  J 


!^' 


Th, 


accommodation  of" 
f  hne  of  the  Memjfhit 
ion  of  the  northeast- 


'^,' 


-  /  v.. 


LOUISIANA. 


ppulation  in  ifi.^n  oig  >voft.  • 

Ntateof  Loui^ianriViS^^^  ™ile.  11.15?  '^^*' 

fgto  them  the  interior  commerce  of  thl        '''^"  ?^°P*^'  ^"t  for 

N  nor  accomplished  mucriL^orkofTdfi'^r-^  neither  at- 

worKs  ot  artificial  improvement^ 


r .    f   .".       ,      >  ■»    f  I     '  ,    I 


■4* 


*;  H 


^k,M 


i 


HiJDoc.  i^- 


yi 


4  1         1.4.  :»4r^  116P  the  river  afforded  the  best 

B^rtre  railroaas  were  brought  inU)Use^then         ^^  ^^^^ 

kSwn  mode  of  tr^]»«P«'^taUon,  both  for  p^^^^^  „otS)e  superseded  by 
habit  had  produced  a  convicuon^at  It  cou^a  n^^^^  ^J 

^y  other  cWnels  or  routes  of  «^°^"^7;-  ^f  °f  the  importaiice  of  fel- 
a.en  thepeople  of  ^ew^^elSs^d  of  trengtheninrtheir  natural 
lowing  the  example  of  other  <:  ^^s,  ^  oi  *  ^      ^^e  result  of  the 

position,  by  artificid  works.  uU^adim^^^^^  of  undertaking 

Works  of  rival  commumties--rendered  ^^^^^^^^^^  Although  thS 

simUar  im]f.rovements  too  apparent  to  be  lo^^^^^ 
projects  of  the  northern  and  eastern  Sytes^by^^^ 
L  trade  of  the  Mississipm  basm^^^^^^^  been  on^ p^  .^^^  y^     .^  ^{ 
yet  the  influence  whxchtW  --^^^^^^^\^  ^,,ral  and  accustomed 
tbe  commerce  of  that  g^^^f^^^^V  ^^^.i^jed,  that,  for  a  few  years  past, 
channels,  has  been  so  marked  and  ^f^^r^J.       ^  portions  of  the  great 
,  Sie  trade  between  New  Orleans  and  ti^edx^^^^^^^ 

valley  has  dim.|she^^^^^^^^^^  Such,  fact 

rapid  mcrease  ot  ttie  wesi      ^  y  f»ommunity  to  a  sense  of  the 

wi  too  startling  not  to  arouse  the  whole  eomm       y  ^^^^ 

necessity  of  taking  the  ^^^P^'^^lXlIm  Jc^tance ;  and  the  people  »of 
the  loss  of  their  trade  and  comrnercm^  2Snt  measures  to  repir  the 
New  Orleans  are  now  takmg  tlie  "^^'^^'^^^^^^  in  the  prosecution 
^  consequences  of  tt»eir  neglect  and  ^«  ^^^^^^^^^^^^  to  reesto^Ush  and 
of  two  gr.ax  works,  ^y  ™fns  of  which  they  p    po    j^^_^^      .  ^^j^ 

retain  the  hold  they  once  had  ""V^atLmtJ^  of  the  people  of  Loui- 
The  leading  WCiect  now  ^ngj^ng  th^^^^^^^^^^^^  ^i     1,^^^^  ^„^ 

aiana,  and  part^rly  tho;«;f^!lSXy  propose  to  connect  them- 
i^ashvUle  railroad,  by  f  nstn^cting  wbch  thjy  p  ^^ 

selves  not  only  durectly  with  a  re^^  S^e  n^nS^^  now  in 

the  larg^t  amount  of  trade,  but  v^'«?  the  n  ^^.^  ^^^^  ^^.^^ 

progress  in  the  south  anc^^^«^esUlte  lengt       ^^^^.^^  ^  ^r^ 

tar  from  500  mUes.    It  wiU  tr^^ff  ^^'^^J^  tfcminus,  wiS  b«  brought 
and  productive  region,  nnf  nt  ^^  "°^J^^™  X>n  of  the  country.  I 
imo  comjpiWicatxon  ^Y  ^^^J^P.^™^Sg^^^ 
is  beUeyejji  that  this  road  will  «  J^rt  a  aro  g  Mississippi  valley  to 

ward  oth^  ciUes.     ine  wuoie        ^,„^.-  _v.le  when  the  work  of  coi 
placed  und^  contract  a,  soon  -.J^'^-f  *^^^^^^  despatcJ.^ 

atruction  wiU  be  urged  forward  witnineL.  r    ^  ^  ^    j-taiewt 

The  other  leading  project  f  ^^^^f  e/5,^,XJ^T^Vad. '  Theobje 
,     that  described,  is  the  ffew  O/^^X^rX^^^^^^  th,  count. 

-  «f  this  ro'^d  is  t6  ^<^^«'?'Pf^?.  ^  '\L  tmnk^rtwo  other  great  line; 
X^versed!  and  eventually  to  f^^^e^^^^^^^^^  that  it  wiH'eventual 

onfefcxtending  mto  Texa^^wuh  the  e^^^^^  ^^^^  ^1^^  ^,l,cr  in 

be  carrited  across  ^the  cffctinentta  ti^e  r  ,^^^^  ^^^^^^^^^ 

^rth»rly  direction,  through  Arkansjas,  tp  K.  l^ouis^  j"    i^irPfUa 
E^e?.Tortt  ti?part  oTtbe.present  pnrjcct, -U^^wg^^^H^"^ 

territory  of  the  State.  o.irenrJt^^jd^nfi  district! 

''  ffiout.  of  this  road  traverses  be  great  «"g^^^^«„,,/  > 
Louisiana,  from  which  transporta^bn  to  a  j  »^J^ 


>•  !»' 


fe 


«>. 


(ff 


ft  Doc,   130. 


;/ 


accustomed 


the  Stote,  the  road  wiU  conof,t»f  ^^ 

di«ctIon  of  trade.,    The  Cfn?^  **'"^'^^^  °"tlet  in  the  con  vpn."    . 

rfateJv,  as  ample  n::.^^:'^:^^^^'^''  '^  cl'nS ^ 
The  above  are  thf  twr.  i^  "^  l^'t'pared  lor  this  purDn<!P 

^i.  particular  d:s:ri7o^tW^^^^^^  alone  re- 

smictedwithm  the  State,  for  some  ^iat^^  P^^J^^^^  ^'^^^  ^vill  be  co^ 
.hmd  upon  the  above  lines.        -^  ^^^^  ^«  ^^^ae,  will  probably  be  . 
The  influence  which  railrm^  , 

meroe^and  in  this  manner  u|^„  the'  put*'^  •^'^  ^-^^'•^  "Pon  the  com- 
has  been  remarkably  ill.i^frn;^  .  '^,  P""^c  sentiment  of  a  mm^      • 
New  Orleans,,  and  i^  the  "^"gl^^^he  pre^t  condition  of  tK.T'^' 
oltheiiecessity  of  these  worE'''*""^  revolution  which  a  Vrnn?"^^^ ""' 

.dco.rnerih,sXS'rtL^^^^^^^^^^ 

the  State.    So  lonV  as  rnm.v,  ■   ^      ^'^<'''S:anizationofthTto;t.r     J 

ehaaiids.Ne>vOHeanso"SS  "'^  -^4  to^Surat    ' 

tages  than  any  ojher  ck^nTl-      P^'^'^ion  possossinir  „rLpr'  »?  ^ 

cLerceofitXlUZdrnt'  '""/'"^°^-    She  hefd^he Tev  to  fh  ' 
fehaffi.rd50,000^mLTfe^J';^^  basin,  watered  b^  rive' 

pru^ipal  proHflcing  region  of  SeSr"*  Jt^'  ^asin  islw  the 

— cialsVen^cfaCn^rm^^^^  be  the  test  of 

^danger  to  be  ivxjrted  becamil.„  -  ^'  "''''^^  be  induced  to  aS  Su     ' 
ton  of  the  State  ha/b^nl^Ltl'^  .^^^^^^piiBhcd.    tliZcSsH 


w  l 


•>^t. 


f 


844 


^^y 


£1*  .|Doc.  136. 


seen  that  the  proper  and  only  course  for  the  accomphshment  of  the  r^ 
sX  Sed  at%L  to  cotLlidate  the  different  organizations  mto  one 
body  and  pay  off  old  liab%es  by  new  bans  resting  upon  the  creit 
body,  a""  Ij'^?  .  „  this  has  been  effected.     The  result  has  been 

t^^ctTt^cJL^^^^^  has  been  <.nipletely  restored.  The 
new  ban,  to  pay  off  outstanding  liabilities,  commanded  a  handsome 
premium  and^the  city  is  now  in  a  position  to  extend  efficient  aid  to 
KrToposed  works.  As  the  loss  of  her  busmess  and  her  credi  could 
be  Ely  traced  to  the  indifference  with  which  slic  regarded  aU 
worSof  nter^^^^  improvement,  she  proposes  to  restore  both  by  calling 
Ther  assistance  all  Ihe  agencies  supphed  by  modern  science  „i  aid  ol 

^T^^tot":c:nt^Srof1^^^  re.rred  t.  t^eayh. 
voed  $2,000,000  in  «id  of  the  Nc^  Orleans  and  .^ashallc,  and 
SI  500  000  to  the  New  Orleans  and  Opelousas  roads.  Ihesc  sums 
will  probably  be  increased,  should  it  be  Ibund  necessary  to  the  accom- 
phshment  of  their  objects.  Both  works  are  to  be  pushed  forward  xv.th 
k  the  despatch  called  for  by  the  exigencies  demanding  their  eonstruc- 

^%ierearetwo  or  three  short  roads  in  operation  in  this  State,  ot^a 
local  character,  and  other  lines  are  projected;  but  they.are  notsuffi- 
ciemly  matured  to  call  for  particular  noUce  in  this  report. 

TEXAS. 

Population  in  1850,  212,592.     Area  in  square  miles,  237,321;  in, 

'"'^^X^r^^i^'^^on  too  recently  settled  to  allow ti^ef J 
the  construction  of  extensive  lines  of  railroad  It  must,  however.  «K,n 
become  an  active  tlieatre  for  the  progress  of  these  works,  winch  iire  not 
ont^  very  much  -neeJect,  but  for  which  the  topographical  fealur« 
of  the  Slate  are  favorable.  The  surface  of  the  greater  nart  ol  it 
consists  of  level,  open  prairies,  which  can  be  PX'Im.  of'S 
structure  of  railroads  at  a  slight  expense.  The  soil  is  of  g  ed 
fertility,  capable  of -producing  large  quantities  of  sugar  and  cottni 
which  must  uUimately  be  forwarded  over  railroads  to  market,  from  thej 

ibspnce  of  navigable  rivers. 

The  most  prominent  projects,  at  the  present  time,  occupying  the  atlen 
lion  of  the  people  of  this  State,  aie  the  proposed  road  from  ^iilve8t.,n d 
the  Red  riier,  and  the  extension  westward  of  the  Nav  Orleans  and  Op\ 
fowo,  raUroad.  The  line  of  the  former  of  these  extends  fnnn  Galvestod 
fo^enerSly  northern  direction,  betweerr  the  Bra;cos  and  Trinity  J 
to  thi  Red  riJer,  whicli  forms  the  northern  boundary  of  the  State.  M 
Sout  four  hundred  mile»  long  Through  its  ^jf  l'«^«  l-g^h  i  H 
erses  a  fertile  region,  well  adapted  to  the  culture  of  cot  on.  Tin  poi 
tbn  of  Texas  is  entirely  wantfng  in  any  natural  oudet  br  't,j)ro(h|d^ 


thrivi 


itig  |H»ptdtrtiwiT  aapahlc  oisupulg 
)wiu-ds  this  project  the  State  liaj 


it  already  contains  a  ,-  „  ..,'-,-    i- 

ing  a  lucrative  traffic  to  a  road.      Towmds  this  project 

made  a  grant  of  lands  equal  to  5,000  acres  per  mile  of  road  ?mdj 

Jr  necesLy,  extepd  farther  aid.      These  l^"^^^  ^^'^  8'^«f^2«l3 

company  coistrucUngthe  road.    Measures  ore  now  m  progress  >^lu 


H.  Doc.  136. 


948^ 


r '"  «>«te  and  to  northern  S^  wm  nflf"?'  ^""^^^  ^«  the  peopfe 
icotton-producing  district  of  the  Somh  anW  ^  •f,'"^^  ^''^^  ^«  ^he  ««£? 
IcoBimerciaf  importance  ol" Galveston  X  '  ""^ -"^H^  fe'^-^^tly  increase  the 
I  rbeother  wort  referred  to^lTsos^VZ"?^^^  ^^-PPrt  of  the  State 
Lcnng  at  us  eastern  terminus  wUh  the  N  ^T,  '^^^  ^°  ^^^^^^n^ 
Id.     The  above  is  proposed   nor  nnl  *^    ^''^'^"^'^nd  OrtJhuL 

llnulroad  connectrnfftlie  Gulf  nf  Afl  ■  ^''^te,  but  as  part  of  a  emnt  ^n^ 
Lthrough  Texas  is^to  be  ?oun  1 1 ''''''  '^"''  '^^  ^'^^ific.  I  iS  1.T 
P,„ld  such  prove  to  be  tt  fo?t  ,£  ^rPtl^  ^-^  ^r  «uch  a  worf 
iheroute  of  the  national  road,  a  '  t  HZTt  ^T  ^^"  ^--^Jw  th 
lerned-Anart,  however,  from   aU   c^n   l.T'''^  f  ^^ 
I  portion  of' the  Pacific  project,  the  necS  t  f  ^^     ^f  "«   becoming 
leS^te  from  east  to  west  is  s;  urgent    S  7  "^ '""^''"^^  traversinf 
lay  be  considered  certain.  ^  ^'  "'"'  "^  speedy  construction 

No  State  in  the  Union  is  m^U 
U  (he  lapse  of  time  will  suretbri^S  'f'l]  T^^^'^^  ^'-"'  Texas, 
H  !"  '^'^''  States. .  The  vafueof^suTh  If  ''?'  "«Provements  we  ' 
fcd  there  laeveiydispsition  to  encourai  17^'  ''  ^»%  appreciated! 
«itsofland,of  whith  the  StateTn?/  "^''''"'^'■"ction  by  liberal 
«g  work  in  progress  in  the  sttet  Z'fl  i^f '\^-  ^he^only  S. 
Wo  road,  extendlinff  frbm  wf  •  L    ^  ^"^"^«  ^"i'ow,  Bra-o,  Z^  "  ■ 

livert  the  trade  of  that  rive/  to  GaTve'L  hi.  "%?  °^'  ^^^«  r«°d  is       " 
Idv  become  important,  and  the  aW  Sv^^l     ^his  trade  has  al- 
hconvenient  direction  to  the  prSai  1      '^'^^  °P«"  ^r  it  af  outkt       I 
fbe  are  numerous  other  pro^SnL-P^'l''^'^'^  State.  I       •• 

^ifljariolis  portions  of  the  State-  bnPtf"^  the  attention  of  the  Aeo- 
kd.  of  which  the  directSn'  and  n?"  ^"^  "°"*^'  «-^^^Pt  tG        ' 
k  to  fall  within  the  scope  of  thl  nol^  -^^  wu  ""'^  «"ffi<^ienUy  de!         • 
P.,  the  favorable  character  Jf  ?ts  temLvT^^'V  '^^  ^"-^^^  ^^^^  «f      : 
roads,  lis  resources,  and  the  den«P  ™y.  ^o^  the  constructiorf'of 
[taken  into  consideration,  there  carbe^^nt'?"  ''\  '"'^  ^^  -^^Z 
Um  active  theatre  of'  lail^ad  emeW.  n  'Y' ''  '''^^'  '''  ^-^S        "^ 
laddiuon  to  those  named,  the  following  ^^    "''  ''^*'^««-  - 

Utention  throughout  the  State  v^'!^  P'^^'^^^  ^^  attracting  more 
ine  lexas  Wettmi  r&ilronr?   fi.     ♦     r 

Uthe  rtio  Graiidell; Zy 'bLVe^m  r^S^"^  ^'^"«^'  '<^  «-h 
^r*;,  ,•  ,  expedient,  m  the  direction 

The  GoWaW^ra«,wi?av  railroad  '  . 

Theiotwa  railroad,  to  iTin.mTi^  ''  . 

he  &«^;«o«,oa»i3/,ievLTw;^{^"Pf  valley. 

Ut  between  Gatel^rald  C^'"^^^^^^^  '^  f""  ^-m  some  point 


-  -.«.  yyuioraao  railrojirJ    fW.rr.  a     .• "  -^'"onio.       ^ 

The  VMcrg  and  Aunti-n  Citut'aT  ''"'^'"'^  '^'  Hendersonf  • 

r  "^^'^  -^'El  Paso  roid??n  about  2 


22°  latitudes 


.«>.il- 


L'»i  J. 


S46 


H.  Doe*  136. 

ABKANSAS. 


w       •„  is-^O  rTerritorv,)  30,3^;  in  1840,  97,574;  in  1850, 
2oS      Area  T^KleT  52,198;  inha^^  to  square  mi^. 

4.01.        '■■  ^»„fi,rp  hpenreearded  as  too  remote,  and  too  thinly 

.  THb  State  has  ^^^^^^^l^^^"^^^^^  enterprises.    A  number  of 

settled,  to  become  the;h«^^\°   ^^^  attracting  great  attention  and 

.important  projects,  no^^^J^'^*^^  ^^^^^^  of  these  are  the  proposed 
interest  Jimong  her.  people.     ^  he  leam  Memphis,  with 

Toad  from^Little  Ro^k  to  the  JJ^^^' W^'^i^^Jt  ^  Shreveport,  on  M 
a  branch  to  Helena  j  a  '^P'^^/'^^  VWs  to  New  Orleans.  The  pro- 
river;  and  the  line  runmngfrom^|^^^^^^^^  ^^^  Want  of  a  de'nse 

Jects  are  rapidly  a^^^^^^^^^  Vor  ?he  execution  of  enterprise, 

population,  and  <^°"7^"?':  ^__„„„t  delavi  the  construction  of  roads  in 
^Vie"'^^^^^^^^  they  wilLfollow  close  up 

tVanS  an^r^bi^^  of  the  people  of  A^^^  to  construct  the, 

"  TENNESSEE.  ' 

■^      1    •      •    ifi^n  681904;  if  1840,  829,210  J  in  lS5O,l,002,6i 

Populauon  m  If  0' ^^^'^f  labitanls  to  square  mile,  21.98. 
Area  in  square  rndes,  45  600  Mnhab^^^^^^^         q^  .^^^^^^ 

The  remarks  by  ^'^^^J^^  to  SiCe  of  Tennessee.     The  early  pr. 

i^  P"'r.W:  srateTerretuaVunf^"-^^'  ^M^  ^'^^-"^  ^t^' 
jects  of  this  State  ^ere  equa  j  public  mind  wi 

^"%rif it^^elit^  rs\me  ett:  to  restore  to  tL  peoplenf  ^ 

S3ae^?S.their  abi^  ^-^^^SiTttS? 
public  &nd  to  a  sense  o^^^^^^^^^^^^  ^^^^  ,^J      ,    ^,,p,,,  , 

comphshed.  An  ^^^'^'^'^^J  ;.7.„_  •.„_„  and  toward  the  construcUon 
wants  of  every  portion  of  its  tef"tory'  ana 
it  the  State  guaxanties  »  cr«lit  to  Ae  amount  o  ^^^^^J^^^ 
for  the  purchase  of  iron  aj^^  _^<15^P«^^;"]'  Sy  all  other  charges 
<u,mpames  prepoae  the^^^  P«^'  i^,„  „  {he  whole  property, 
construction.  The  Stalf  retains  a  i^n  l^  .  e^hraceHin 
security  for  the  amount|^aBced      The  -m^^^^^^^^  ^^ 

internal  '«^Pr«'^^""^f  .,f  ^,";^VJJlwestoru,  the  Louisville  anlN; 


'^Kpa;.  upon  the  -^°^^t  X.rat  .hepre«n.  dmc,  1.1 

'  The  mist  promi"™'  '^'"^  .V".  "f  fr„;i  ihCbK-e  plaeM  I 
Ka8hxiUe  an4^Chaltanooga  ratoad,  cormecung  IM  ana    p      i 


,i    ^- 


ffi. 


ff-  Doc.  136. 


34t 


«th  Carolina  lines  into  TTssi Sinnf  ^1^  °^  ^^^  ^^^^gia  and 
.outlet  on  the  southern  Atlantic  St  ^^Fol  ,h^'  '°  '^'^''^'^  '^  "Pens 
.communication,  the  Mississippi  ri^rnn^  v  u  "^^^^  ""^  other  fines 
,det  of  the  tjade  of  TennesseT  The  comlr  ^'^'^  ^^^  ^''^  "he 
p«.gresswilllibeme  this  trade  from  th^ln'^''  pf  the.roads  now 
;mpelied  to  taJce,  by  way  of  the  rnThi  i  1  "^  ?''''^'^  '^  has  been 
.m!irket,and  bring  it  into  direct  .^'^'^  ^'^  Tennessee  rivers    " 

i^erMhecotton-pfoducrngpo/tSLof  r^^        ^"^  ««  l>os"S 
Theroadis  important,  not  onlvTr^l        ^^""thern States. 

.ting  link  bet^i;en  t;o  ^^7  sy2mV?r^'^^^^'  ^'^^  '^^  «  con- 
5rtliern  and  southern  States.     At  ChlnL       """"h-oad  occupying  the* 

d  win  tonnect  with  the  railro1^3''otSf^^^^^^^ 
.^towards  Cincinnati.  LouisvilltL^^seS^ ^nVt^Eii^^^^ 

fecentrd  portion  of  the  State      It  cons^tS^Pf^  ^1  P^'g^Ss      N 
Lication-Vith  other  roads,  and  suddiS  S        •  u  "^^^""^^  «^"  conr- 
fconnexions;  without  which  there  would  be'^o'!"^"^"^'^^^^  outlets   '/ 
krrant  their  construction.     It  has  been  nr.      ^?^".^ '"'^"^^ment 
b  and  Its  affairs  have  been  n^Sa^ed  wff    ''T^  ^^^  ^^g"''  and 
W  not  a  little  to  raise  the  coSdenfe  oFtt  f  w^^'^^  '^^'  ^^  ^^^^^ 
Uto  undertake  and  prosecursuc„^2furr^^^^^^^ 
Uoadi  m  East   TmnLee.~.The  Z^^ff^^  '^5''^'^°''?  eptbrprises.      • 
^«ee  has  no  geographical  conSxfon  w^th^r''"  ""■  '^'^  "^^^^e  of 
NraJroad  projects  iiak^  up  no  pan  ol^^S         "T  ""^  '^^  ^late.: 
liinportant  of  these  projects  ie  ?he  F-^  'p  ^^°^"^  ^y^^^"^-     The       • 
lEMt  Tennessee  and  Vi^inia^oads      T    ^f^^^r^  a«d  Georgia, 
t  State  from  north  to  s?uth.  by  a'  iZ^f^^l  ^""^  '"^^^'^^  the       ' 
fcl5  miles  lie  within  tlie  Stat^Tf  GeZl  '  ^*'   "^"^^'  °*" 

h  Wee  and   Geor^  m/w!S.»        ^  •  - 

».  and  ,s  completed  to  fpydono^r?'*  road  commences  at      . 
Ifs.    It  A  progress'^  KCvillrr^^  ^ 

fr  distance  of  30  miles,  maJdnffZ^i  1  ,°^^^^  terminus,  a 
f  This  was  one  of  thc^  e^^t trof  thJ  S  ^1  °'  f  ^'"^  ^1» 
H«7»««  railroad,  which  bSritn  ?"*'':""^^''^he  title 
I'fof a  laige  sum.  A  few  years  since 71^^*'''  '^^  expenditMre 
hces.  and  has  been  r^gjCmd  ^.f."^^^ 


"f* 


\ 


I  '.** 


'^3! 


i>      p 


, 


'il 


<♦, 


l/f   .    ..     > 


escrited,  and'  extend    n  a  nonh^.tJ"""''*'"  ^"*^  *^  ^^^^'I    ' 

Neline,adfetauce  of  130  m£    X'^^- '^^^r  *^  *^«  ^>-   ^ 
*  miles.    Here  it  will  meet  the  f^N 


',  i  j 


7J — 7^^^ 


I 


'^^.i 
%■  4 


348 


H.  Poc.  136. 


\a.,' 


Contract  tol>e  ready  fo^.^^^VELrTSnesIee  and  Virginfa  road:could 
be  opened.  "  The  \^"«  °^^J^,  J^^'^e  and  wonld,  in  fact,  hardly  be  ac  , 
not  be  brought  mto  profitable  "^e,  ana  ^^^^^  referred  ul 

cessible  -ithouVhe  opemr^g  or^^^^e^^^^^^^  .^  ^.^  ^^  ^^M 

l""^*^^'"rslooS  IrgrS  to  this  road  for  the  purpose  of  I 
the  sum  ot    $300,UUU  ^ja^  fc  j    ■    believed  *hat  the  work  will f 

.;  buUding  several  expensive  ^r^^lg^^-     ",;^  ^  jate. 

r  be  completed  -thin  three  jearsj^-^^^^^^^  ^^^^^^^ 

I'^fflVcol^r    "addit^^^^^^^^        agricultLl  resources, itiJ 
portion  of  the  country,     ni '  "  .  ^  distance  Irom  mai- 

Lh  in  the  most  valuabk   m  nera^^       l,ts  g^  ^^^^^        ^^^^  ^^.^^A 

ket  has  proved  a  senous  "Jf^.^^^  S  must  soon  become  oae of 

factoring,  as  well  as  an  «S;i-;"/\";;:  ^^^^Ij^^,  considaratii^n  from  J 
The  above  roads  ^^^""^^^/j  f^' "  "^  JX^  been  already  dj 

SluTrwiru'nlol  oily  J'c^Wed  wi.h:Cha„an^^^ 
Irtbr^Tncb    giving  conexL  xv.U.  .he  road.  mter.cc,.„g  a.  4, 

•"'^tie  Tennessee  and  f  ate„»  ™..d j-  -k  oH^^^^^^^^^ 

:eh*Et„  Jer  conuac.  a.d  well  ^va„ce^^^.oward^  * 

dis're  T£Ti>  ™il-    F:.o;n";;.isVinfI.  U  proposed..  J 
,  So  ui  northerly,  through  Central  Tennessee,  by  way  ol  &i«irt^, 
a  raiirotui  noriucii_y.  It       ^        .  •,    .u     southern  extension  old 

™Lr„s!i?w^rtra  S.t.elr-a  railroad  he...] 

nt*erp'rr;:Xr'Sia.ing  r^n  NaJviUe  is  *^^^^^^^^ 

„„rU,wes£,r^Wl^-nd.^^^^ 

SX  te"°»  U  refrded  a.  -nUal  -he  sy«^^ 


TV,  and  woum  iuhumi  mi  wu^.^.       ,„,  .■  „  nf 

•y^,  ..,  ...V,.  Mi.,i.;ipni  river     The  portu^n 


tVM 


;^^,wardsNXille  i.  an  expensive  W  andlliis  lliOt  mny, 
present,  delay  the  conunencement  of    he  work.  ^,,^. 

Tlie  internal  improvement  act  "'vt^^'^aie  co^^^^ 

struction  of  three  roa^s  f^^^^^;.!'":?.  S  em  1\mA 
sottthwesteKi  direetbns— the  iNa«hville  and  Southern,         ^     i 


ii'  Doc.    136, 


349 


7        \ 


o411 

Sontliwestem,  and  the  Nashville  and  \r«^  I-    ' 
Lfirst-named  has  made  the  most  prtXs  it^^n  ,  'T^'*    ^^^^^'^  the 

preparatory  to  placing  it  unde/cSc;    V?"      being  u„der  survey 

U;  portion  .f  the. l^ew-OrleansSd  Nashville  l"^''*  '?  "^^^  ^^.1 
J  v^es  one  of  the  best  ponions  of  the  St-^t p  .M    .   "^'    ^^«  ''»«  tra- 
U„s  for  the  work  and  its  :Ponqtrirctiormt,v  ,,!.  '"^  'm^Y  abundant 
by  feasonaWe  doubt.  'wucuon  may  be  regarded  as  beyond 

I  The  Nashville  and  SoufhwPQfpr»  ^     i      •„ 

khviUe  to  the  hendMirilVsZ:T:l^  P^^^ably  extend  fn,m 
Idist^ce,  this  and  the  Nashville  and  «5«.,/u  *°''^  Portion  of  the 

Lk  line  At  the^Tenneiee  rivt  the  7^^  "lay  be  united  in  one 
iGncQon  with  the  -Mobile  and  Ohio  rn..l  i  T^  *"°^'*  ^'^"  /orm  a 
tmphis  and  Charleston  mad  X  metrnf^K'"""'^  ^^^«'/«h  the 
kinuous  bnes  of  railroad  will  be'  fnrm,.,i  •  •  ^f  ^  conne^ons  con- 
kiNW  Orleans,  and  Mobile  '  """'"«:  Nashville  ^ith  M<S. 

The  Nashville  and  Mempbiaroad  will  f-,k.  o 

on  than  either  of  the  two^kst  named      Jr.  nK"  '""'^  ''^'''''^y  ^iree- 
iccomraodationof  the  local  traffic  upon  its  mm?'^^  '  '"  addition  to  the 
Iracticable  communication  between  tliecanffnTS-it    c^'P^"  ^^^  ^'^^''test 
Ipa]  commercial  town.     The  comtr^pn'on    r  ^l^^""  ^^^^"^  ^''"^  its  prin- 
liernaM  on  the  considers  S"  st.ted  "fl^  "  '^^^''^^^^  ^« 
averses  a  very  excellent  section,  capable  of  ?ff    r        P^I^^ed  lin^ 
M  the  city  of  Memphis  must  aCTs  jtidn  fh'^^       ^  ^^'"^^  ''^^^  A 
fcmon  of  tfie  merchandise  imporu^d  Lo  T  i     "^'"P"'  °^'  ^  ^^^ge  ^ 
iuchmust  be  forwarded  a  Ce  a"  onnr    ?'?*'^' '"^"d  '^e  point  to 
Wd  for  exportation.  ^    ^"''""^  "^  ««  surplus  products 

IT1.C  Nashville  aqd  Louisville  road  is  a  vnrv  -^ 
til  be  more  particularly  described  JthtJ^^  important  work,  and 
Wy,  a  comparative^  smS^^^^^^  State  of 

,&^in  Tennessee.     For  (his  nmiK^rrffi  •  ^  "*  ^^'^  ^'"^  "f"  this  road 
K"P--.  and  -^-Sl^^^^ZS^^^ 

Sr ;^SS  :^^^^lr-«  Waste.  Tennessee 
^n  of  the  State.     This  r3  mav  b^^^^^^^  ^«  that 

-  -nd  has  been  particularly  described  TnT^^'^  -^^  ^'^  ^^^^ama 
-ate.     The  iWssee  divf.Ton  fs  /m,l  !,"''T^  oftheW*. 

.mntract,  and  "as  it  runs  thruch  a  rich  n?''*/^*^-**^^^^— " 
means  can  be  readily  raised  K//v  P^'-^nting^istrict,  abund- 

N  appropriation.        ^  "*'  "'  construction,  in  axldition  to  the 

Jheproposed  Memphis,  Clarksville  nnd  I  «.•     •., 
InmporjantpiojeclinWpstTem^^^^^^^  '^'^^^  i«  an- 

iLouisviUe  and  Nashvillp  road  n  BoWlini  r  ^'t"'''^  '"^^"«« 
Non  with  the  latter,  a  very  direcf  inn^r  ''''V'  ^^'"tucky.  In 
feen  Memphis  and  LouisvH  J  whic  i  wiH       '''"'^  '"'"  ^  ^"""^d 

mome  a  heading  roue  ^jr ';;'"' ^  '         f'""' aj?<^  ^ 

krses  a  fertile  section  .)i^count%  'L  w  nP '^""^^r^^t^ States. 
f •  It  IS  probable  that  this  ro«d  m^^  ?  ^"Pl%*g  a  lucrative 
kooisvifie  and  Nashville  road         ^  ^  «>n^ucted  as  a  briuK^h 


♦    'j 


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■  '      •  '  . 


I  '         ( 


f-f 


^ 


if . .  ■ 


^   I 


11 


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,,.-« 

,'iiilii-i 


:850 


H.  Doc.   186. 

KENTUCKY.        - 


I  id  4*1  SI  •    •    i 

I  I* 

iff  8^^>    ■* 


1    •       •     iQ^n  r)87  917;  in  1840,779,828;  in  1860,982,405 
Population  in  l^f '  f  Jg'^t^ ^^itants  to  square  mUe,  26.93.       1 
Area  in  square  miles,  ^'f  «^' ^"^^^.^  gj^ce,  a  system  of  improvemej 

This  State  c«^^5"^"^^,^;,'nLroTre^ering  navigable  he?  principal 
founded  piqcipally  upon  *«  H^n  ot  rena  b^  |^  ^  ^^  ^^ 
rivers-ttie  Green,  Lacking,  and  Ke^mcky^    ^^g        B  ^^  ^^^  ^ 

expended  upon  toe  ^^'P^^^^^^^^^^^       ^f  little  yalue.    TW  are  all 
privements  on  the  jGre£  r  ver,  p^ovea  ^^^^^  are^oncemedl 

Ti!'  tireyeeteveTim^^^^^^^  ^^  of  great  advan  J 

Railroads  of  Kentucky. 

the  State  is  the  lipe  Irom  Jj""''^'^?  '°^  Lexington  roads.  TlJ 
Louisville  and  Frankfort  and  J^"^^  J?  4,  i^d  hiSto,,.a 
„adswereco„,„enc«latj^ea.ty[^^^^^^^  j 

country;  apd  it  has  oeen  ""'^  ,  ,  ^  rj^  proiects  shared  the  I 
they  4ve-.been  ^"ecent^^  compkted^   1  ^^^^^^  ^^^ 

of.aU  the  P^<>"^^' Jf  ^:;"J^ny  ;-ears  afte^  they  we  comme« 
completion  postponed  *o^  ""^^^  V  ^^^j  ^lie  cos)t  about  $2,500,1 
The^length  of  these  toad^  is  ^  J  J^^^'^^^^^^^^  to  e^ 

The  disastrous  '•e*,^^''^^^  the  Stat6.    Discour, 

a  most  injurious  f^^VTbeen  s"^^^^^^^^  people  became  A 

by  thefadures^^hhaa  been  su^st^  i^^pVovUent's,  exc.pt  so  fa; 

indifferent  to  «F/"5'     u"!:,^^  ro'kls  was  concerned,  for  the  nuri 
UieconstrueUonofM^cadan^edroa^swas  ^^^^^^^    ^^^ 

public  mind  of  the  Wes^^  --^     S  ^^^  ^^^^^^     that  the  peppl^  of 
construction,  it  was  .w"" ''VtV,f.  imnortance  of  thesft  wor1is,orin( 
tucky  could  be  convinced  ^^  ^f^^J^^n     The  losses  ^u%, 
to  ^^^^IJ^^^^XV^  anlFrrS  rd  Frankfct  and  Le.^ 
ttf^t^eSt  mind;,  and  the  g^;i2^<l-CttH 

tTS.  projects  f^'S^-P^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 

neighboring  States,  wh^^  ^^only  to  bu J/ raUroads,  b,t  to  J 
the  capacity  of  the  West  nt»t  ^my  ^^    ./"  g  ^f  those  regid 

lucrative  traflRc  to  them,  and  the  ^^V^J^^f^  ^^^  J 
country  enjoying  the  ^''^'^Z^ ^^^^7n^A^  State  of] 
confidence,  and  ^oused  the  V^V^-^  aaiv"efForts  to  secure  thJ 


H.   Doc.  136. 


toogfa  a  very  fernJe  portion  of  the  ag^'  u.        " 

uDDjfflse  traffic  to  a  raii-oad,  and  enLW  ?P^'?^«  of  supplying  an 
naiete,  excepting  that  portion  of  thprV^"^*'"^  ^"  suitabfe  outlets  to   ' 
comions  it  wilf  form  wi]    L  nV     T^  ""^^  ^o^hng  Green      Tl!^ 
wort  a  national  characTefas  k^  Zf^T^'  ^P?"-"-  ^  ^Ve  Th| 
Lnecdng  W  Ween  the  So^tell^,^  l^""  '^'''  confpicuou: 
an^.    f  he  road  ,s  to  be  placed  immedTat 'w      T'^'''  °^  ^he  confed- 
Janple means  are  already  provided  fn???^  """^^^  contract;  and  as 
Learliest  practicable  ^LlttVt  "«  constru'cSon.  Tt 

I  A  very  important  branch  from  tL  oi       ^^^  ^^  certain, 
leventhemaii;  trunk-is  the  Dro^!^A''r^  road-exceeding  in  lenM^. 
*r^.  which  has  alreaXXrn'Se'.^'^^^^^^^^^^^^ 
Inessee."    This  road"  will  nrnhnki    f    <^'^*''fa  under  the  head  of  ««  t1^ 

^  line  between  Louisville  and  Enhl       Tr\r"^^'  ^«™  ^very 

fcregarded  with  great  favor  by  the  3p     r^^^  ^^^'"P'^'^  extension 

fcieDdsof  the  Louisville  and  Nashv1]l?3-   "^  ^""'sville,  and  by  the 

L  proposed  extension  is  embtced   ^  ?hTst;.  ^'^  ^^^«^  ^^^n^ 

k"|  tor  the  State  aid;  and  as  it  tmverse!.      f  Tennessee,  it  will 

Mwd^  receive  the  efficient  supporToTT        "^? '^^''°"  o^  *^ountr^^^ 

U  of  Its  speedy  construction"^^""    ^  Lou.svilJe.  tl^ere  caii  be  Yc^ 

Another  hne  of  road  pronosed  c.  »u 

kf  with  Nashville,  and  attractirL        P"T«se  of  connecting  Cin- 
km  Kentucky,  is  com^^Z  Cot  ^ "^"  V"  -ntrfl  and 
Kugh  d,e  towns  of  Bowling  Green  K^I  ^""^  ^"^  Lexington  line,    '" 
««.  Areference  to  the  anl^edZ^^^'^^*  ^d^alhfn,  Ten! 


M  NashviUfijs  to  be  the  centra.  If  "®  ^^o^e  countrw^^  Thp 

^Jdiatingfn  every  difecSont^LdK T^^^^^^  systeSm^. 

«^.on  the  Adantic  coast  and  th?^,f *^  't  ^f""^  ^o^therrTlies 

M  in  direnfVnmrr,.,^.-  _,•       .   "*^  e""*     in  a  few  mnr,tu„  ^t.-      -. 


-  on  thi  AtlanTic^  ZTZZtf  t  ^^^ -^^HSS 

Lt«?T^°°'""'»^«^t'0".  byrXad  wi'fh  t"^  ""^^^^^  *^'«  city 
iand  Charleston.  Roads  are  aKo In  nrl'  ^  ^^  ^'tie.  of  Savan- 
l«f,  tft  various  points  on  Sie  M £  1  •  ^  -^^'?  ^°  ^^^bile  and  New 

ifefe^nce  to  the  railroads  of  the  northern  aiX^r^^^.^^  ^^^"^^ed. 
feorth  and  west,  the  New  Albanv^d^!? "*  ^^'*T"  ^^es.-  On 
J;,f  ;P«"  a  .communication  S'tS  roSfr,^"^  JeffersonviUe 
MS  and  with  the  leading  cities  of  all  M^  J"^^^'^'  ''^d'ana,  and 
fcf  f  ««dtoLexin|tonwuf^^^^^^^  On  tl^  '^^s^. 

[gjrom  that  point,  some  of  which  wmnS?  ^  f"^  "^'^^^ds  iarfil 
Ks  of  th'  ?f1  Atlantic  rSelZ"  "'^^  ""^^^^^  ^°  *he  ea«.n» 

tM  Sufficient 

of  LoursviUe  has  subsXd  to It^  toS?h'  "'  "«"«^"^ction.     Th^ 
Pthecountieson  its  line  have  tXn«^^i!-^u^''"«t  of  $1,000,000 

S^rl-      P*'"'^"^  of  the  Statfe.   ^        •       ^^^^  '^%Mkimd 
K   Activlriasi^T^^    nf  °^  ^^S  miles,  are  «RMv  in 


) 


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be  4nade  the  trmtk  of  two   J^I^Xhe  State  of  Tenpessee,  (Angth 

direct  in  a  so^^^^^ly  ,^^"VJ'f  "In  i^  rouVe,)  to  HuntsviUe,  Alabama. 
towns  of  Sparta  and  Winchester  m  Jtsjom^'^  j^  ^„^  Charleston  road 

where  it  wS   form  a  .1«"S^«"  ^^^^^^^^^ 

thence  it  will  be  extended  to  g^^^er^ana   8'     ^^.^^  ^^^^^.^ 

railroad.  /  ,      r     „  i  ♦„  u  tlip  nrooosed  road  to  be  constructed 

The  otU  branch  rofcrredt^'tSf  eSn  Tennessee,  to  taviUd 
through  southeastern  ^^^  ^^^^  ^^^^^^^^^^  that  point.   -^^ 

there  to  connect  with  the  lines  "  always  been  recogilis«f' 

importance  of  this  route,  fo'^  a^  railro^^^  h^  al      >  ^^  ^^.  ^^^  ^g  ^. 

anfthat  section  now  '^"der  discu^s^n  ^^^^     ^l'      ^^^^.  ^„^„^^ 
<,mnati  and  Chiuleston  project   which   a^tract_       .^^^  ^^^^. 

through  the  southern  and  ^^f/^f/.^^^  report.    Measures  a^ 
has  been  referred  to  in  another  part  ot  this  rep.  ^^^^^ 

.progress  to  secure  the  "^««f  J^f  f,  l"^'' s6a„ty  population  and. 
^ay  of  itsirnmediale  eonstrua  on,  ^^^'^  ^^^J^  P  P.f  ,Us  M.b 
of  m^aajfeehneot  the  .ute.  Jhe^i  J^  ..^.^pietion,  mus. 
ever,^«^nnep  n  ,  ^^  ^^cessary  to  its  success. 

curgJI^ll^toreign  a  .^^^  ^^^^  ^^  ^.^.j     j 

r^^m^  1  1     oi  r^rniprt  18  uow  proDosed  as  a  poxt  of  a  ^ 

^hougfi^^d  as  a  of  P^"J^J  ;  \l^^^  ?    Sons  pf  the  country. 

through-K  eonnecmig  ^^^  J^^^^^^^^^         ,1  Unes  cenW  at  that  p 

Lexington  It  will  form  »  J""'^"""  V„     .^^  Maysvjlle  dnd  Big  & 

rrom  its  e-tern^tt^oZkt^'p^^^^^^  ^' 

railroad  will  cafry  it  torwam  "'_i       .      y  n  -.  railroad  is  m  pi 

thelattcr  place  the  8^'^^°  ^^"^^^J^^^^le  JnSa^^^^^ 
V|ich  pursues.  ^^'^^^f'^J^^^^      -rction  with  the  MiUsboro. 
<:QinectingKemuckyline,tiUittomsa  jun^  former  of  whic' 

Cincinnati,  and  CincinnaU  and  ^^.  ^J^J^Si^ore  and  Ohift 
to  constitute  the  extensjoTi,  westerty.  o^e  ^^^^^^^^^j^^f '^ 
the  latter  of  the  Pentisylvania  Cenmd^.  ^o^^         ^^^^^ 

Sandy  river,  the  ^^J^^^^'^lTSTs  oropsed  to  c 
former  with  the  Yirgmia  *^^™^ J      \     ry^^     ^t  this  point, 
across  the  mountains,  tenninatinj  on  the  "'^'"j^^       ^  ,,,a 
combinations  wiU  secure  to  *^  J,^^Y^^^^^^^^^^ 
portant  place  in  a  great  hne  ^^  "^^^J  J'^JI!^^^^^^ 


SitrSfw/uM  f«^\"cV.e„t  poruo^ of  .W^^o.^ 
Just  referred  to.    Measures  ure  m  progress  to  n.,se  tne 


-  ^.  09C.  138.  I  ^^ 

«airfer  it«  construction,  with  ,»,^  i        ""  !  ^' 

(Wflfk,  It  wm  prove  t<)  4,  nr^fr.P'^**'"'^®  of  success'     Ac      i      , 

sion,  southward,  of  the  Wohalu  ir*,7~-^"'^  '^ne  a  the  Jeoir;!^!:' 
J«tween  other  ^acirrS'^  ^'^^  ™lroail.    As  a?  „^^^^  ^'^*«^- 

Me  Michigan  wUritL'i"  .'^>;i'«««rii}tion.  tS^  J!' m^''^^- 'letter 
tteGulf  of  LxS  in  aTci^?  «f  If  all  the  lines  of  rSroaSr^  "''*'^"  ""^ 
cities  of  New  Orleans  anrTt';^^  '^'T''"^-  BetweeS  iT"^  ^'" 
abfyalways  be  by  warof  nS%''^'  ^I"^^^  route  of" tmvelllii?  "^u^ 
theshortest.  and  r4st  convS^i  f'  ^'^^f  ''^^t^.'wilKppal'-'fc 
lor  business  or  pleasu  J  -?*  ?"^  agreeable  to  the  rmv£fW^'  ^ 
tie  Wabash  vaEey  "^  h  T"^'««  ^^'«1»  the  Seat  In  Z^^^^'^^"'^ 
Pleading  co^S.- 3' ±f „ ^^  jj^^vantage  oASrl^^^- 


kts,tnust^alwav"^r^'VlT!i1_^»  the  interfo.  ^j-  She'fu^  "^  r''^^ 

ar  important  tri  .k„  Tr"l7-     ^  ^ese 


wVille  rdiht,ad  as  a  thrSf'r"^'"'^  '"^portance  to  the  S  7*  ^  ^^'^ 
be  e^^ded  by  any  roan^^'"'"'^'^'  ""^'  ^""^  this  respeert  .  ^"  ^'?'^ 
JocaJ  point  of  •4^v.  the  road  ;!^l^"^'^"gtb  in  the  Sed  St.?."  ^^r^^ 
^ittraverses  a  re  Jn  .7^1  !  !"^P««'^nt,  and  its  nr^.i^i^^!  ^^"i^ 


^f  great  ferJifiiy,  2id  1?.  f^^fpects  flatterir/g. 
«s  productions:  I'      ^''''^^^  distfnguished  fbx' 


m^,  r^""  "•  view  me  re 

las  It  traverses  a  remon  of  rrr,.^.  r  -•* 

I  A  roau  is  also  m  profrres^  rr«»,  T      •     .„ 

Utually  be  extenSed^  to  F^^ ''1'"  '"  S?^^Jhyville,  which  mav 
parrodsburgtd  Frankfort  Ann/i  -"^  '""''^'I  '«  also  pronoirl  ?^ 
fesville  and  Lexington  Voad?!;.''  J^''">^'^d  froi/ K  1 T 
fcvilleand  Frankg^ra  Wl  T  ^^°'«^town,  to  cc^nect  tj??  J '^ 

Estate,  but  in  tUe'^l^Z^!^"'^^  -"entln^l'^TnT; 

fcZ?  r^'  ""^»  "^«r«  ^  4nt     crn '''"^'^  "^  *^*^  road  s 
psoon  to  beconle  central  pojn^  in  wSii     '"'"^^"nati  and  LouisviUp 

ho  roads,  extending  to  the  ^^  ut^  ^''['"'^"^  ^"^  distinct  Ivs 
ftf  of  Mexico  on  the  otlier  TlT  i  r'  °"  *^^  «ne  hand,  and  VoTh 
icommerce  require  thir  tK^  "^  P"''^^^  convenience 3  ??         ^''^ 

H  ^tween^lVe'Srr^  Y'"'^^"'^^^^^^^  "S 

Ht^lyupon  steamboas      Th?Z^^'^"^'  ^"^  K^ied  aj! 
pt  twelve  hour<?      TK^  r  ^  time  now  occimip/^l  k  •    ^ 

''edroaditwou  JlJXcod?^-^^"^'^^'^  IsS  X     B';fh"P  ^^ 

OHIO. 

fopulation  in  1830  qS7  onQ    •    ,^ 

P'n  square  miles,  39  964    inh  f  *^'  ^'^19,467;  in  JS50  I  9sn  .no  ' 


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1  11   •    i,c.,„/itpr  fliid  direction  ratherfroro  the  suppAscd 
thistrade,theytookUieirchara^teraBdd^recu  furnishSthe 

advantage  they  >vere  to  ?«^";,Vn  fmm  thattothe  countryUavorsed.  As 
means  for  their  construcuon,  than  fmmUmt  torn  ^^^  ^^^  ^^^ 

far  as  practicable,  they  ^^'i^^^V  Jb  &terior  fo^  the  purpose  of 
their  reach;  but,  with  ^^j^Sife„V principle  prev^ls-  theVUng 
opening  ovtleUjo  a  »!^^^^  '  ^htt  the  p^oject^is  to  secure  the  cheapest 
motive  in  such  case  is,  so  to  shapej^^  P  J    j^        ^  ^^  ^  ^^  ^^ 

be  fully  estimated  only  when  ^fj  .^/^.^^"i^^erior.    As  already  stated, 
portion  of  our  population  f^^jf  "8-^  \*J1^^^^  the  grcatFoducW  , 

S;  have  ^7 -^^:i  States  of  neSssity  enga^ 

ra^"£ultu'i^a«ngas^^^^^^^^ 

surplus  to  a  market  the  gf '^^^  ^.^^X^  for  a  diversity 

his  own  hands  could  ^"PPb-    ^^f,  ''^^^  ^^e  was  too  remote  to  availhim- 
of  pursuits  in  ^f^'^l^^^^^r'^^cosi  of  tininsportation  placedi 
self  of  those  ot  the  ol'^^'^  ^^'"'^J'     \C.„ad.  and  his  surplus  wa8,ther^| 
beyond  his  means  to  purchase  from  abroad,  and  n        rp^^^  i 

fore,  comparatively  w-orthlesafteithe^^^^^^^^^^  ^^^^  inducements  toj 
wants,  'thirty  years  »g«>?  ;;^'' ^^^^^  the  social  and  many^ 
the  setUer,  as  Le  was  ^ WJ^^^VJ^g^^^^^^  but  better  setded  «a ' 
the  physical  comtorts  ^^^^^^"^VSety  o^  industrial  pursuits,, 
richer  States  of  the  East.    Without  v^eiy  ^^^^  i^  ^^  ^^ 

without  commerce,  no  ^'"^""^^KrtLn  *tthe  country  therefore. 
or  his  means  of  enjoyment.    Jb^  P^^;^^  f  ^he  Erie  canal,  by  ^.W 

gave  a  navigable  water  hne  f^om^iiew  l^'\j^{^^^J^  within  w^ 

fr600mUes,'and  oo^ned  J  ^^^^f ^^^  ^fi^  ^Jl^^^^^^ 

of  this  great  ^^t"J"^;,J^°iS  commenced  the  con8tra(d 
States  lying  upon  the  hd^es  «^?^«^iateiy  ^.^^^  ^^^ 

of  similar  wor'ks  to  *^°^"^*^*Ji^  as  thc-most  appro! 

territory.    At  that  period,  canals  ^^^^^  8        f  internal  improvcn/ 

»me  re«p«w,  '•■"""■T:;»°:2^P"Cexiutt.  wfct  she  origtaHjl 


b  '2 1 


H.  Doc.  186. 


B6S 


ptaed,  and  the  result  has  been  to  nlo^    u     •  "  ^ 

aO  her  sister  States  in  wealth  S  Fl     ^    ■    immeasurably  in  advanrp  nr 
IViBpidity  of  her  pr^es  CK"  r"'  '^"^^  geneL  ^ros^Jf ^ 
a^few years  «he  ros? from^bsrurit^t  "T'1  °'"  '^'  ^^oLtilT  ^* 
jBterStetesm  population,  i„  weSth    ^^     v   ^"'  ^^'^  «mong  he? 
lod,  at  home  and  abroad.  '^'  '"  "'"^^'t' «^d  in  consideration 

* 

CanaU  of  Ohio. 
Ohio  canal. — This  wort  ^r^^ 
pleted  in  1832.    It  exZmuf  ''"'.T''"^^^'  '»   1825,  and  w,«    . 

lejrof  the  Scioto  nearly  to  Columbus  wh.  .  "\^'-  '^  '^'^^'^^  the  ^^^ 
sinking  mto  the  vdle/of  the  Z!Sn  ^"  "  ^^^«  '^O  eastern  directTon 
Hehn,n.  Newark,  Cos^hoctt,  Net'ffiSeff  "^  ^'YT^^*^  ^^-  ^"wnTof 
f^L  ^'"'"'"^  .''^'^  «"">««  at.A^on  ft^  "f;  "^^  ^^^«i"on,  in  this 
Cuyahoga  river,  which  it  pursues  to  r?  i  f '  ""'^  ^he  valley  of  the 
decanal  at  Akron  is  ^^ilTZ^'^^Zf"^-  '^^'  ^^hest^point t 
I  TJT^  ^^^  ?r^'^d  973  aCe  ^he  Ii?;-   ''''''  ^^  i'ortsmouth^ 

This  canal  has  sevpra  I  Kt^„  u  ' 

«*™^«e  ,be  prin^-^r"^"  "'  "''"«'""e  feeders,  of  which  .he 
J    ilie  Loiumbus  branch .Thic  i         . 

mm  lr»nk  southerly,  ,o  theWi  „^-  r  '•"'"•^'''  '=M™ding  fro"  he 

l^oe..,  „d  AU.^.  „  ^/ -- 5-«h  d.e  eo™..^^^^^^^^ 

J*:ru.^1StS^»;i'"«J-^e  „^^  eana,  .„  .he  .own  of 
Wsi  With  the  if««H««,«T«wv^J^\*^''^««  «f  14  miles,  con- 

k^"",  a  distance  ofT??  S     5?,T  f"™"?"' '»  Lake  Erie, 
&"  e«»  «™  Hamilton,  C^^  ?5ov'^'|?T'* '??"^  1™4 

b  J'7,'^'¥'^''«»'™"™n<S™  1^  miles  £ 

paoove  Cincinnati  and  411  £»»    u        ,    '  l^^  smninit-level  is  Am 

^«lhe  Wer  trunkTfThe  WaS"  ^"^  J[«  *'•«  Indiana  S^ 
Koh-'  \"  ^^"  ^^'«  "-^r     Soa  e  di^"'  --^n^^^tendinl 
f^-Ohio.  branch  lines  HicasurinHfi^i,:!  with  tliif 


»  I  p 


~      f '1      1        »    "w   -■    .:    '  , 
'If  f .  *>^'Wif  PPV- 1 


'^*^ 


1-^ 


^^  H.  Doc.   136. 

T^e  foUowing  table  shows  the  length  ,a!»d  cost  of  the  Ohio  canaU 
constructed  by  the  State:  Length.  Co«. 

,       1  u      ^l.oa              '  . .     340  $4,695,203 

The  Ohio  canal  and  branches ^^  g^^^^g 

The  Walhondine  canal. . .  -  -  - gjg              7,454,726 

Tlie  Miami  canal  and  branches ^^                 ^^^^^^ 

The  Hockiiig  Valley  canal....- ^^              1,627,318 

The  Muskingum  improvement ... 

827  miles.  16,359,995 

.       In  addition  to  the  above  works,  owned  by  the  State  of  Ohio,  are  the 

IbUowing  private  ^orks:^  ^^^^^^gj^t  Bolivar,  on  Uie 

The  sandy  and  Bcavercanal.--itnsjorKt  ^^^-.^^^  g^,,^^ 

Ohio  canal,  and  extends  to  the  Ohio  river,  ^^  "^  ^_^^ 

river,  a  distance  ot  about  76  f"'^^-^'^^^"'^;  Pennsylvania. 
,2.000,000     A  poruon  ^^  \\  ^  >J  ^f^^^nees  at  Akron,  pursuesthe 
The  Mahmingcaml-ThiBct^^^o^^^  ^^^^^^^  oV  Ravenna. 

left  bank  of  the-Cuyahoga  river  «f  ^^^^^^^^  ^o  its  conlluence  Nvitl, 
thence  into  and  along  the  ^^«)  !>  ?f  a  short^^^^^  from  the  State  line. 
the  Beaver  canal,  m  ^'^""fy^^N'^^^^J'.VSs;  and  its  cost  something  like 
The  length  of  this  canal  is  ffj^^^^^^^  „(•  railroads  in  Ohio,  and 
f 2,000,000.  It  was,  before  the  ^«"^^"^^^^^^^^^  between  Pittsburg  aj.d 
«tiU  is,  an  important  channel  Qfcommunu:at^^^^  htter  city  with  , 

^iVo/Tbest  quality  ^n  ^b^ ^^f  ^^^^^^^^^  sprungu^io 

In  the  vast  number  f '■?,';L7^^,  P^rbing  pubUc  attentionJKab 

Vf"  Stat:  Cv^CntTntXaratt  fn^-ificonce.    & 
of  the  State  have  sun^  ""^  t         r.  ■.    unexampled  wbspentv.asi 

have,  however,  been  the  f'^^^'^^^^f^'^'^Z^.v  and  cbhiparatlvJ 
they  supplied  the  demand  o    >;^  F^P^^ /^^  \^^^  P   ,^,^  ^  immediate 
expediuous  route  to  market.  '^"^  ^^^^^^^^^^ 
«4«nt  their  arge  f  fource  .    ^^^^ P^«^^^^^^  "akble  kinds  of  property, 
to  be  the  earners  of  the  more  bulky  ^^^^««      ^^^^  comparative  iil 
and  in  this  manner  prove  «f  "^^^y'\*2,5from  the  canals  a  large  porJ 

portance     Although  f^i^  "«^^^^^^^^^  a  still  lArge?  tnulj 

E;noftheu:tra^c,theformerji^^^^^^^  1^^  ^^^  ^^ 

in  articles  of  merchandise,  tor  wnicni  j-  ji^provetnent,  iJ 

.channels;  so  that  the  mterests  f  the  tNVo  sy^^'J'       „^     The  canall 

.tead  of  clashing,  will  be  found  to  be  »"  ^^n^^  f/^^;^  Construction  an] 

^ly  fall  shbrt  of  water.  /  I 

"      Rnilroadt  of  Ohio.        / 

•The Uroads  of  Oh»  ™ay^',r' ^".SirJLSfsd 

7 


^'  Doc.   136. 

nwwment  oftsae  and  1817  «.u-  i  '  *^ 

1.  The  Zi^,/.  Mk^^i  railroad  r  '^'     ^^^ 

,1S«5,  was  orimnaUv  JnV?  «  ?     •'  5^"'"menced  in  mty  „    i 

kadistance  of  84  nXT"'"^;  .  ^' ^-^'^nds from  CimS    """^  ^^"  >«- 
$2,500,000.  ""^««'  «"<i  l^as  cost,  up  toTjie  m^^^?  -'"  ®P'-^«- 

,  ifl  the  latter  part  of  iRdn  „  .      ,    '  commenced  in  ifi-ir       i 

Springfield,  i^distance  of  iS"-'  ^'"'^  ^^n^'usky   on  rl''."?^^"^ 
Little  Jfiami  road  ccm^?,  ?""'*'•'' '"'^cre  it  form{\"  ^''.^*'  *^"e,  to 

Erie  to  the  Ohio,  ;S:i:  wtr  T """^^^  ^'-  "f'  ?aCd7  ""i^  ^^- 
|Aportionofthisroadw.oTlli^^^'•«^  to  connec/fl^^  i"!^.^'^'"  ^ake 


Erie  to  the  Ohio,";^:,f  ;tr  T """^^^ !'"  ^f'  ^aC?/"  ""1^  ^^- 
AportionofthisroadwnT  ^^^.^'^t  to  connect  fh?/  ^'^"^  ^ake 
a  £t  rail,  which  has  ,  n  ^'''"^^  '"  1^38.  I^wL  !•  ^-  '''^/^''-^'o^sea. 
kavy  traffic.  "'''"""  '^^-n  replaced  by  ol  k" T """f ''"d  ^ 

,   ^.  The  Mansfield  and  ^     ;    ,  ""^"P^^^  tea 

aportiorrof  it  ^eneT^lsat^''"^^''^^^  ^^^^  con^menced  "    ,.. 
Like  all  the  early  Ohio  r.  f  *    /'  """"^  ^"'"i'letecl  to  A?      1:  ",  !^^^'  ^^ 


Iwhich  has  sincQ  given  nlac'?^^     I' "^^^  fi''^ 

■^rie,  to  Adrian.  «.!,„.„  .-.  ^-^"ititnazoo  extends  from   T  i  j 

^tior.  with  rVrTS^^'  2"  I'ake 


pie,  to  Adrian,  where'^^f  ^"^""^yoo  extends  from   T^i  j 

Wi,  to  whi^h  it  fonns  .™'  V""^^'""  ^^^h  the\S^^'  T  ^^^^ 

k  road  is  abonVrn  i  es  "1^  '^  '"  ^«^^«  '1^%^^^"? 

^tmovementaIreaJyr£redT"r'''.""J«^  the  stinMilus  of  .K„ 
Njaccomp  shed      All    .1        "*'  t"'-'  orwnal  nl-mc  «•    '♦T-    o*  '"» 

ios^s  to  wffthpv?'    ^"^''^^'tJ'standing  ^il  Sei    .   ^^Perience 


« 


. 


I'^ere  to  l^c;;;^  ""  '^"«^,^  ^^"^''"e  sufficient'  to  f^^"     ^^^  *^°"^ 


H.  D«>c.  186. 


^58  r  ,o.  tlie  debU  created  have  been 

.       ^.'A.  tbev  occurred,  except  «>  far  ^  *  J^^b^iities  as  they  fell  due. 
in  wh  ch  they  oc      ^  .^^  „jade  for  P«^y7^lroad9  and  canals,  vdth 
^^Klev'rsFut  Bl-rt  the  p-^ess^^^^^^^  ,,  ^^re  dis- 

Ihesercv'T  number  oi  y''_J"°  . .    .!.„:.  ill  success,  and 

a  few  exceptions,  tor      ^^^^  disgusted,  JiAth^i'  ^ 

heartened,  *"f  ^^^i  mdifferent  to  ^be  su^^'  «» J  ^  fromtbe 

^r  ?SSS  before  tl^^^S^XfcrnUy  every  indi- 
ments.  '^  ^^^^,,  ^f  the  previous  reverses,  w  jjeed,  it  required 
disastrous  fff^^^^s  ut  „^^^^  had  been  ^".^^o^^'^^n  this  was  accom- 
vidual  m  tbe  comm^n^^^^  ^^^^^  ^^TThi^^uX  a  larger  popubtion. 
years  to  replace  he  ^  a    ^.^^^^„         ,  ^^l^X  necessity  of  avenues, 

P'"^±dl^u^^^^^^^^  ^^^  -^PVtrcou^t^    -meto^bemoreand 
increased  proa  J       wants ^of  the  couwry'   ^    ^^^  .^ 

suitable  to  the  '"^'^^"^/^^eet  this  ^^^"^""^I'^Se  the  ^  era  in  the 
more  strongly  felt.     V  ^^^.^ments  ^«"f ^^"'^iJ^^and  the  new  sv. 

n^rvT  ouT  ntern^  improvements.  B^^th  U^^^sed  in  the  newly- 
Jl  hid  its  peculiar  charactensucs.  The  ^  P^^^^.^„„,,y,  ^asin 
temhad  Its  p  anucipated  the  wani  ^^^  ^^^^ 

Uon.  ,  They  were  ^  V''^'''^^'''' -^^ZJ^    and  controlled  1 

wants,  the  extcm  •    nhio  at  the  nresenll 

"tS  railroaas  in  r^J^.T'eTaCt  ^"o^O  »"»•,  thf  facet 

S  pTmfnen.  importance  becan^™^;  ^^^^  ^  ,y^ 
&nhe  ditferent  P?"'"™  ^„*.l^  to  give  a  distinct  »)eao» 

from  east  to  west.     Ihcse  b 
follows: 


H-  Doc.   136. 


^^r-S^^-iinesr^ning./rorn  north  to  south. 


850 


J|rKl.?,S5  «-^'.  "'-^  "^l^^.on.  ^a  M^  m^ 

2.  Composed  of  the  LhtJ.  w     •  ^ 

W«jid«/«».^,railn,adf    ^"""''  ^''^«'«*«"  -"^  ^e«.a.  and  Chve^ 

5.  Composed  of  the  Mn»,/:  u      -,  «  ^^ 

in  pn^ss  from  Dayton'to'^S'^*^  ^"^''"^  '^"'^  ^^^^"«-«»  rJaclt  now 

6.  An  additional  Jine  wilJ  nrr,J    1 1    i 

the  lower  portion  of  it  compoS  of  dia  r  —  "''  -''"^^^^  '""•^h  delay; 

?^,  and  ^W  fira«.A  railrond  I T^"  °*  '^."  <^'^^''^««'^  ««i 
Sr  ^liP^«™  a  junction  with  he  Oh.n  ^'^^i;^'^^  '«  ^^^^^nd  this 
probably  at  Wooster.  "'^  ^^"^  O'^'o  a"cl  Pennsylvania  roads 

I   It  IS  also  probable  thnt  «       -i       i  * 

Udfn,.  Cfeveland  to  Zane  ^i^lr" '^^^^^^^^  -  «hort  pe- 

U  either  at  Marietta  or  Portsmomh      iS        ««"thward  to  the  OU 

»th.    The  above  roads  Avould  form  txvnJrP  "/  *^^  ^^'^^o  to  its 
fces.   Efforts  are  also  making  to  consnnfn/."^^  "°"^  «"J  south 

^Should  they  prove  suceessibra  port  on  nf '  ^T^^'''  '^"^  ^«y- 
^  be  formed.  "''  ^  Portion  oi  another  through-line 

Through-Hnes  running  from  cast  ^uest. 

■  Composed  of  the   Stcuhmulll^     i^j,-  ' 

JJ^  through  Ohio,  and  Jrhom  PhH ^'",  ^7"" ""  ^""»'""ous  line 


:=^^ 


ia.  i^' 


136. 


m 


[  f;'*     ■'   • 


<I60  — ^ 

J-  ^rr  An  a»S  te^o^  Columbus,  by  tbe  hne  runn., 
thr^gh  Dayton,  is  described  ab^^^^^^^    ^^^^  ^^^  ^.^.^,,i,  ,p,i„.„„,, 

6.  Coin]T|Osea  ot  ine  i^'"" 

and  Zancsville  roads.  .  .,       i      it  is  also  contemplatea  to  ex- 

7.  Crncin^anandM^^^^^^^^  ,  continuous  bue  iron. 

cfntinnTti  to  Wheeling  ""^fZ-S^lX'^e'xtending  from  the  Ohio  river. 

8.  Hillshoroand  CvmnnaU  ^^^^^;^''^  ^  ji,eet  cont^iualion  of  tlie 
opposite  rarkersburg.  .is  I^F^^^^^.^^  J'  From  the  latter  place  all 
ffiimore  a-^«h;o  radroad^o^^^^^^^^^^  ^^  ^^^  mdiana  State  hue, 
the  roads  terminating  thcic  vvm  lc 

ly  the  Ohio  aiid  ^li^SK'i  eon  tlms  brielly  described  embrace  the 
The  great  hncs  which  have  oec  ^^^^^^^  ^^^^  ^^^^^ 

.  :il.„v,^nt  nro  ects  ui  the  btatc.     Au  oi  '  •    ^^^^ration 


IS  nnen^'  in-ov-"-- -       --  - 

The  great  nues  %v......  —  •-  ^^^  ^j-  ^^^j^^j^  present  tlie  same 

most  irhportant  projects  "'  ^^e  ^t.     •      ^.^^^^       ^^^^  u^,,  ;,,         ,„„ 
general  charactensUcs.^^^ Ihe  rcsult^^  ^^^  _  _„,  ^,^_  ^  ^^  ,,„ 


most  unf"' I.  ^.  TliP  resu  ts  ac  uevcu  u^> '■- ■ 

general  eharactenst.cs.     ^  ^^  f^^^'  ^^  s, ;  and  these  so  wdl  .llus- 

iay  be  safely  Pr^^^'Xtork     o  tb"  c^^nmunity,  and  as  mvcstinent.ot 

traic  the  value  o    s^^'^^nrr-mmt  ot  their  objects,  cost,  and  prospective 
capit^d,  that  a  dctadec   acco  uu  o^^  tn       ^^^J   ^^  ^^^^  ^^^^^^^^ 

xeienues,  is  "«l'^;*^^^''^  y\  J^  rfthe  roads  in  operation,  convey  a  sutE- 
ii;a;r^cTtfo.'';K**VoJec.s  O..  compose.,...,. 

above  described.  „„t  particularly  connectechvitkl 

There  are  i««"y  7?'^=;;". ffi^i  re.iuire  a  brief  notice,  viz :       J 

the  above  lines  the  objec     o^s^bic    i    \  ^^,,  ^^      tJ 

Ohio  and^Missmrirpi  '^'^^.^  i^^,.  the  two  great  cities  of  ihcMij 
connexion  of  Cincinnat^j;"^ f  '  ^^  Xmc?  A  glance  at  tbe  .J 
sissippi  Valley,  by  the  ^  "  ^est  l>ja'  ,  ^^^.^^^^^^  ^^^^^^,^  ^^  ^,,^  ^.^^^^^  ^ 
will  sufficiently  demon^tiate  tUe  v  ^.^^  ^^^^  comniun^atd 

and  travel  t>f>tbc  country.     A    U^  p  ^^^^^^  ^j.  ^^^^  ^Ino  and  M^ 

between  these  ^-'^'f^^^.^Tknown  that  the  navigation  ot  these  is j 
sippi  rivers,  and  it  is  well  ^^n^w  .  ^j         pgndcd  at  certain  sej 

7ays  seriously  obstructed  and  ^ten    ouUy^^^  P^^^  ^  ^^^ 

sorfs  of  the  year,     ^t  bet,  the  rdutc        ^^^^^^^^^        ,f  ,  aistancej 
comfortable  at  all  times,  ^^^  ^^^^"^     ^^'i^^a.   A  direct  line  of  railroJ 

watet  is  more  than  twice  «f  g^^^;^^^^- ,  tirst  in  importance  among  ( 
between  thes^  great  cities  IS  one  ran  u^^^^^^     ^  ^^^^^^  ,f,„J 

leading  >vorkI  It  is  ^^^^^£  shortest  lines  eincej 
must  be  thade  connecting  great  5-'"*-"  -^^^..^gsarilv  t^ds  tr«ilfw« 
Ck  whea,er  of  business  or  op^^^^^^^^^ 

another  of  ,he.o.  ^^'^'^fJ^X^Xc^^imm  is  a  necessary  p- 
ttevery  reader.  I"S""8/^  T£'rilv,al80,i»conseqaemly  a-j 
to  route  of  every  «av«»'="^-  ,3  'ginK  wstward  .from  tto  H 

i^n^tbea^sTot.-^^^^^^^^^^ 

routes  of  travel.  ,        ^    ^  hundred  an^^  j^'^^^Jj 


H.  Doc.  136. 


861 


«J  the^.  when  comhmcT clnnot  f^Un^^^^^^  f  ""  ^''''  ^'^^^  t'^ffic;. 

TTie  whole  ro„d  is  Z^rcomrJffTr  ^     '^^''  "^'""^'^^  '"^^'^e- 
im  the  first  of  Janu  "rf  ISM     '„.&  '^''^'"  ^^^'«  y^^» 

,u™ort  of  tl.e  cities  £•  Crcinnalfid  1    ?  heatty  co-operation  and 

It  vriU  be  seen  that  these  three  roi  J,  .^^^'^'^^^^^^^  »" ^  Marietta  roads. 

ncal  line,  of  about  nine  &d  t  eT^xI^o^  T  ?^"*'  =^"^'  'y^^^'^- 
Ue  Mi«.issi,)m  river.  '^''  extending  from  tide-water  to 

J    The  Hamilton  and  Eaioti  mm]  o-..« i-       ,. 

Lnd,  Indiana,  though  a  vaUmbtw^rt^^^^  *«  ^i^h- 

Lccfiom  the  fact  tlmt  rcon^tS^^^^  "^  chief  imnort- 

Lm^Bs,  the  IndianaCemra  ^d  the VL""^  "^  ''''"i  %'""^^^^  ''"^« 
Ja  of  which  connect  witlT  at  rI  L^f' Th'  '"^  ^t"*''?"  ^'^"^'^' 
lopcned  for  travel.     The  eonnectin^fn  -Tnl    "  '  ^""'^  ^""^  J"''^  ''^^n 

tlli^nerlbr  its  entire  Sfan^the^nr  "^'"f  » '"^^  i"  P"'^ress-~ 
Iriw.atLogansport.  ^  '  ^''''  ^"""^  ^^  ^'"^^  ^^  the  Wabash 

L  Western  nxnd,  aborhVteen  n^s  tS^^JrV^^     «"  *l"^  I^'^yton 
L<cni  terminus  of  the  Indiananoli^  .n  i  n    i  r  ^^^'^""'  *"  ^"'°"'  the 
■^ie^^present  a  conspicuourS  L    i^'"?^''?^'"^.'-^^      ^'  o^-^»- 
iuo  Jd  to  form  a  cE^on  wkh^E'  / T   '' r*^"'  '^""^  ''  '''  '^^  ^^'^ 
^ration  to  Gm.nviire?fi^rwSi  ^t  the  u^'V""''     ^^  ^^''^^'■^"^y  ^" 
»|hattha  simultaneou;  compSnCf   hi' a^^^^^^^^  P'^r^'^J 

Wlefontaberoad.asfara^irnmn  L      i  ^H  Indianapolis  and 

.bernext,aiv-inran  outi^  fii'st  of  De- 

>er  important  poin/s  in  IndknT  f7tl5    m  '  ^^f^'^on.and  numerous 
^-entlv^^^  thosfof  die  eSrn  Ce^  ""^^"^^^  ^^  Ohio,  and,  con> 

^^t;te  w^f^;Son^^rtfe 

Pof^ltlSZ^^^^  a  new 

ri^C^7^',1**"*-'*i""  "  ^  open  a  new  outlet  i«r  tKo  ^«„i  c^i,i5^ 


fe  Mahoning  va^T  fronf  whicrri.  V  ?^^*  ^^'  ^^^  coairfitlds^T 


-■:.> 


■■^  t!^ ' '"  •J|^"• 
■"•      -*4  »-^  :'i    «    I, 


H' 


V4'«iv'  " 


>  <* 


/ 


«,  *■• 


J  '    r         v  *•  I   I  I 


^  J' *'■'■' 


*    -      iJ 


^^^i' 


I'l 


tl 
w 


I' 


4 » 


■  4  r- 


llllll 


vm 


!-H 


ft.  Doc.  186. 

J-  .•««  thrnnah  WaiTen  to  the  Ohio  State  line,  to  be  continued 
S  Pet'flU  W  ™»  Erie  roaxl  a.  or  near  Olean.  con^toO^g  . 
new  fc  of  commonM:a|pn  bemeen  the  railroads  of  Ohio  and  tho«  ot 

the  East.  •' 

INDIANA. 

Population  in  1830,  343.031;  in  1840,685,866;  in  1850  988,416. 
AreaKuarc  miles,  33,809  ;  inhabitants  to  square  mi  e,  29^3. 

The  Se  of  Indiana,  in  emulation  of  the  example  of  her  sister 
States  commenced,  in  1836,  the  construction  of  an  elaborate- system  of 
Biaies,  couiiui^iiv.^  ,  .„u;,.u  ..comoaratively  small  portion  only  haj 

internal  improvement,  otwb^  ^^^  J^.^ 

been  accomphs^ed  J^^^^i^^^^J^nVwabash  and  Erif,  the  Central, 
ICe  WhitlVaSeTrre  Haute  and  Eel  River,  and  a  canal  Iro™ 
Fort  Wa^-ne  to  Michigan  City.  The  raihoads  proposed  to  be  con. 
8tr?ctrd  by  tHe  State,  were  the  Madison  and  rndianapohs,  and  the 

"^tr^^a'iSlwe'canal  is  the  most  important  of  the  wksof 
.  nublL  imprvement  undertaken  in  the  State.  It  commences  at  the 
Swo  StaThne,  and  extends  to  EvansvUle,  on  the  Ohio  river,  a  distance 
ot^hree  hundred  and  seventy-nine  miles,  and  four  hundred  and  saty. 
seven  miks  from-Toledo,  on  LakeErie.  When  completed  it  will  form 
one  of  Ae  longest  lines  of  canal  in  the  world.  From  Toledo  to  Fort 
Wavne  it  has^a  depth  of  four  feet,  and  a  width  of  smy.  Below  his 
poiTit  is  only  thfee  feet  deep  and  forty-five  wide.  Its  locks  ad  jt 
Cs  of  a  capacity  of  about  sixty  tons.  It  is  to  be  opened  for  traffic 
throueh  its  whole  length  in  the  ensuing  spring.  ,    .     ,,       ,■  I 

Thfs  work  was  completed  by  tire  State  as  far  as  Lafayette,  a  di. 
tanceofTwo  hundred  and  thirty  miles  from  Toledo,  and  two  hundredl 
S  fortv-nhie  from  the  Ohio.     When  the  State  became,  from  jhe  emJ 
Wra^sment  of  its  affairs,  unequal  to  its  farther  construction  a  cond.J 
tbnaT^eetnent  was  made  with  the  bondholders  of  the  State  for;^ 
SiSHhc  latter  reserving  the  right  to  resume  the  work,  upon  the 
mvmentof  the  sum  which  the  bondholders  had  agreed  to  receive 
SS  to  the  cost  of  completing  it.     It  is  believed  that  the  canal  wJ 
^n  pass  hito  the  hands  if  the  State,  by  the  ultimate  payment  of  t 
Xk  of  heTdebt.     Although  the  construction  of  the  canal  was  cue  o 
Ae  causes  of  the  financial  embarrassments  of  the  State,  the  Wkha 
Soved  one  of  Ae  efficient  means  by  which  she  has  recovered  f^omh^ 
Snd  reached  the  high  posiuon  she  now  holds  as  a  leading  State  in  tj 
confeScy.     As  far  as  excellence  of  soil  is  concerned,  no  State  p« 
Ssses  su^^rior  resources.     The  canal  opened  an  outlet  for  her  prote 
rdlvTher  the  use  of  means,  which  up  to  its  opening  lay  domm 
frlThe  dSculty  and  cost  of  reaching  a  market.    The  rapid  increa 
— M^rts^ItHliant^willillustr^ 

Shfh  Satf  iTn^^ort^tion.     The  exports  of  this  arti^e  M 
Wabash  valley,  from^nsignificance    rose  to  '"J^'^'J^  «/^^^^^^^^^^ 
very  feW  years  after  the  opening  ot  the  canal ;  and  Toledo^  Us  termmi 
on  LakV  Erie;  is  now  the  chief  port  of  export  lor  this  article.  | 


K#..Pil»^ 


H.  Doc.  186. 

JiaithatU  in  Indiana. 


86S 


^±.t?th?irci^^^^^^  of  public 

Jan  end  for  a  time  to  all  enteS,  of  th^  tTn  I      k  T'"''^"^ 

Tprivate  character.    Some  S  were  ^e-^^^^^ 

i^resulting  from  the  ^afeTpaTslLXSl^^sy'lln'd  A'^ 

thepubLc  mmd  to  recovw-  from  th*.  ri.oo^.  ^."^ ?';""«  to  allow 
LveSw  sustained.     As  in  OhTlaose  of  S?^^^  ^f  the 

,  «K,re  enlarged  capacity  trZenntend  «nH  '^'^"S'*^g^^«t«'-  ""ean?. 

nitnde.  better%lefine^  obV^ts  Jn^a  tlffic  npTr''  T^'  ^^  '"'^S" 
Lrt  of  extensive  lines  of  Lprovemen?     Th.  T,^''"^  ^""^  »h  '"JP" 

Uwas,  in  fact,  in  advaSX  condi^^hn,^      '^  T^*"'"^  ^^  '^« 

l.«.ticipAted  a  state  of  thbgswhtn?d'r;S^  '"'^""- "' 

the  new  movement,  which  Ims  resulted  ^n!  r  ?.   ^"'"''"""S 

h,ve/otfe,«.rf  and  riot  ««^«a]SL  £^^^ 

only  such  enterprises  ns  were  sanctioned  hv, J  i^  ""^^  ^^}'^''  "P 
Ueir  necessity,  Ind  which  could  c^n^Tand  l^'  .'''"'''  ^'"'^"""^  "^ 
Uess.    Thi  result  has  Sen  unSv  f™'Ki     '"Tu'  '^'"^"'"^ 

Indiana,  which  but  two  orthree  ye^s^si™^^  ^T  ^^ 

Ulitwl  within  her  limits,  noTtakcsTankwi.h        f^A^  ^  '"•^,^*^  "^ 

Sates,  and  is  soon  to  be    bird  or  fourth"  nX  evT  ^""l-'l^  '^'^'■°,^ 

Her  credit  and  rr^eans  have  advanced wrthm^pL^  r'n 

Le  of  the  new  States,  she  akeady  occuoies  a  nrnmlnen?  '  v  """^^ 
I  ike  confederacy.  ^  occupies  a  promment  posiUon  m 

There  is  no  State  in  the  Union  that  preseots  so  symmetrical  a  s^^. 
Itfm  of  railroads  as  Indiana.     Nearlv  ill  h^r  n^..  »    »ji"i"Lmcai  a  sys- 

Uaphical  cemro  and  capital  „7L^'t7Sv'Z'"''^"''^^ 
Im^aem  which  must  promote  to  a  creat  dem-^;  .k^"         '.       "; 

itS""'^'''.!.'  r«" 'o  be  thelTntrffc  17 '™31,^' 
Ipdtant  roads,  viz:  the  Jeffersonville,  SladLson  inrl  TnA^o^  r^  V 

E"Se  H  ' .  '"'Trt  Cent;^;  BTefinSSul'^a?^^^ 
O  "n  P"""^^'  ?^,'*  .*^'^  ^^'^  Albany  and  Salem  roads  All  thS 
tee  Slar"&;  f^^  -^n^^^^  directions.To1h;  b^ound:^^ 
CSe  eastern%f„^«  .    lu    V-^  •"  ^^'^  ^^'^^  ^'"««  of  railroad  running 

hZ^:!"-  interests  of  the  peoplYfl?  StSror^rtS^ 

Jelltof  SSnV'"'"'.  '"•'^"  '¥  ^^^^  t^^i^  appropriate    and 
T  ■  **'^*"®'  Producuve  and  weU-setUed  terriiorv  for  l^^ol 

t^..  occupy  important  routes  for  through-buret  a"    ?mvf?     T.^ 

ebetwepn  TnHInno^i;-       i  V^-  ^.'*^^'^^."C<?Durg  lorms  the  connectmff 
«S^  tweTnft  f"^,P'""»»^ti,.  the  aentral  is  the  direct  ex? 

elnd^lw^nVif  r^?'?^^'"^'  '"""*"g  through  central  Ohio: 
e  Indianapolis  and  Beilefontame  opens  the  outlet  to  the  great  lakes 


1^:  iiLVi.  .   hi  \.l 


till  '1 '  pr 


«- 

' 


$64 


k 


Doc.  180. 


f  * 


and  the  lines  of  rortT'travcrsing  northern  Ohio}  the  Peru  connects, !«, 
capital  and  central  portions  oftlie  State  vath  the  Wabash  canaUhich 
is  now  the  creat  commdrcial  avenjisj^or  the  State ;  the  Lalayettc  connect, 
the  most  important  town  in  the  northwestern  part  ot  the  htutc  wuh  the 
central  portions,  and  wiU  soon  constitute  a  link  of  the  great  line  ex- 
tending  to  Chicago;  the  Tcrro  Haute  is  the  connecpng  hue  ,.nween 
the  raSroad  system  of  tlie  State  and  St.  Loui*,  and  the  railroads  ot 
Illinois;  the  New  Albany  and  Jialem  will  conncGt  the  ditios  of  Loms, 
viUe  and  New  Albany,  and.the  lower  portions  of  the  State,  witlf  the  in- 
terior, by  a  line  lying  to  the  west  ot  the  ^efler^nvillc  road,  and  will 
also  constitute  an  unbroken  line  of  some  two  huiulred  and  eiglity-fiv, 
miles  betxVccm  Lake  Michigan  and  the  Ohio^iver,  .  . 

With  the  (>\ception  6f  the  Npw  Albany  and  Salem,  all  the  above 
:   roads  having  the  same  g<>neral  dircction^nniy  be  said  t..  be  comjjj^ 
■  ments  of  cuch  other.     The  Central  and  the  lerre  Haute  roi.ds  coiiit,- 
,  tute,  in  a  business  and  commercial  point  of  view,  owe  line ;  so  ^-ithtlie 
Lawrenceburg   and   LataAl^tte,  /and  the  JeflersonviUe  and  Peru.   1„ 
this  manner,  a  system  of  riiilroads  will  be  found  adapted  to  promote  the 
hiehe^tcood  of  idl  the  members  to  it,  and  to  develop  to  the  ^.tniost  the 
wealth  and  resources  of  the  f^tate,  and  atthe  same  timrJutedtob(^| 
.    come  a  portion  of  a  still  widervsystem  embracing  the  whole  country. 
The  system  jfee  have  descrilied  occupies  an  area  in  the-  central  -pop 
tions  of  the  State  about  one  hundred  and  fifty  miles  square.    Inlengtl. 
of  line  and  relative  importance  there,  isgreat  umlormity  in  the  vanoui 
:   .roads  that  compose  it.     They  all  .R;cupy  favorable  routes;  arc  all  caU 
cuh.ted  to  bcnotit  each  other;  and  will  be  rivals  for  the  si.me  trade  in 
a  slight  degree  only.     The  northern  jmd  southern  portions  of  the  Male 
will  also  be  well  supplied  with  railroad  accommodations.   In  the  southira 
portion,  the  most  imiMirtant  road  in  progress  is  the  Ohio  :wid  MissL^ 
iippi.  which  traverses  it  from  ea^t  to  west.     1  his  work  has  already  bed 
sufficiently  noticed  under  "  the  railroads  of  Ohio  '       1  he  southNW 
cornel- k the  State  is  Irraversed  by  tliQ.Evansville  and  Ilhnoisroad 
which  i^  ift'eady  completed  to  Princeton,. and  is  m  progress  to  Tern 
Haute      When  this  last  jxtrnt  is  reached,  a  connexion  will  be  foniie( 
with  the  Central  system,  which  will  be  bfought  into  communication  wil^ 
Evansville,  the  most  important  and  ilourishing.  town  upon  the  lowd 
Ohio,  and  also  with  a  raiVad  now  in  progress  leading  tram  Henderi 
son,  upon  the  opposite  bank  of  the  river,  in  Kentucky,  to  Nashvillj 
Tennessee,  in  order  to  connect  with  the  roads  terminating  in  that  citjl 
The  New  Albany  and  Salem  road  is  an  important  Avork  lor  southeii 
Indiana.     At  or  npar  Orleans  it  will  form  a  connexion  with  the  Ohi 
and  Mississippi  railroad,  and  will  thus  constitute  5  convenient  and  dl 
rect  route  between  the  cities  of  New  Albany,  Louisville,  and  bt.Loiul 
Tliis  road  wiU  also  supply  irailroad  accommodations  to  an  extensive  an^ 
important,  but  comwiratively  isolated  portion  ot  western  Indiana.  1 
We^ortfiera  pTt^  The  Sltttej  it  wiU  T)erlbria^  stitt^^ 
office  in  opening,  and  that  shortly,  a  communicaUon  between  the  eel 
tral  and  northern  portions  of  Indiana  and  the  city  of  Clucago.   Ihe  iil 
of  this  road  extends  from  New  Albany  to  Michigan  City^  (with  a  brand 
to  Indiaiiapolis)  and  thence  tp  Chicago,  making  its  entire  length  abol 
three  hundred  and  fifteen  miles.    A  part  of  this  line  wUl  be  comp^ 


A'  H/Doc.  ise. 

oftl»Cfa\«rfordsvilleand  W«K„-i.        .  "         '  .'   o6S 

I -.4ft important  work  in^h^^'northp,^-  /  • 

l;«iitheni  road,  and  which  wJ  11  K^-  P^*^  "^  ^^le  State  h  thn  iw.^- 

Ld,  of  which  it  fornfia  part  iC'"'^  ^"'^  '^«.«  ^n  S^ufi?"^ 
Ik  as  tl^  unite  the  mostTutherl^'^  ^^"  '««^"*^on.stitmellfr " 
P,two  imiKfrtnnt  pormsTZ^  P^"'«"f  ?'"L%s  Krie  ^^^^ 

Ptry.    "^^  great  irkro;:4%«X°'*h^^ 

terAr.^  opposeXi,  ihZerftble  Lr?''"^'"iS^  ^^^^'"iles  from 
Westward  of  he  hnes  from  the  nnA^l     o    '^'^"*^''  ^^  ^  I'irect  extPno; 
Uwardly,  to  avoid  LaI%S:i"  ^^^^  •  1:»  •^-''«  «- dXc  "5 
Merof^ouds  in  reference  tiSe^Ert'^^  - '^"  *^^^  ^^''*  a  We 
l«li^gthe  southern  shoresofthesHakerr'  ""T-^^^^nily,  a  hne  con 
N  "nportance,  not  only  to  the  Irnv.l      i"""^  ^'"^ »"  be  a  work  of  thi" 
U«s  business  and  rUennes?    5w"' 7'"'"^^^l«^  the  coum^" 
U  regarded  bj  the  Public,  is  undoSll/T"^  ^"'^  ^^'""^^  thisS 
77r«- ,  The  rJorthern  IndStfj /'"*-'  "^  P^  to  {he^C 
te  celebrated  for  its  fertihty,  wh  ch  "  7    '"'^^'^''^^^^  ^  portion  of  the 
-ias  through  traffic.  ^'  "''^'^  ^^"  secure  to  it  a  /arse  local  T» 

[Among  the  proposed  roads  nrnhnM    ,u  * 

My  line,  fhich  is  to  eSfe  ^.^Jf  ^^  im^^^  ,.3  ,,^ 

fcolIDmois.    A   glance  ^t  the  aec"rl       ?"  ^'""' ^-"  *he  l^^^ 
lendea  of  ^he  value  of  4*  „  work  »'!?«  "^"P  ^'^  S^^vey^ 
[bir  to  the  commerce  and  travel  of  [h  ^''^  '"^"''^te  r4tiQ^  5 

&n     It  will  be  seen  tt  JtoI  'd^lX^^'  ^'^'^"  "/^^  «ttem^ei' 
lfeEne,foraU  the. country  IviW  t^fw         ^^.'""st  sal  ent  point  nn 
P  already  become  a  pZe^^^^'^J^T'"'  «"d  southwest  of  i^ 
r»;h  canal,  „nd  must^aJway    ffa  if™!'^""^*'*'  .'>y  '"eans  of  the     ■ 
iol  business  and  travel.     A  line  of  rli W,  1"^  P^'"'  '""  the  routes 
[Louis  would  coincide  for  a  lon^  .f."^ ''°"'^^'«'ng  Toledo  am? 
m  river.    The  valley  of  ^hili,    '^•^^';  "^'^  ^''^  course  onh« 
Ned  with  large  andVou^i  "rw^s  w^^'T^"'  ^^  ««"-tL  y! 
He  to  he  canal,  and  are  the  d%Ts  of  Tral  ^1  ^"^  ^^'«t««e^e 
fj-  fi"  this  manner  an  ample  bu.?nL    l^'^^^o''  the  surroundimr 
|lUe  support  or  a  firsti'rS?       ""  '^^^^'^^^'uly  devel? 

;Vhr^4^S  rrom  Fort-Waynet 

^ibad.w&ch'^ha^tV^^^^^^^^^ 


.    ♦ 


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^• 


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'■',-^'  ■  ■     "M,-  •     •■;  f  * 


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V 


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H.  Doc.   186./ 

^^  1  -D  u:.«r.rA  imei.  which  will  be  extended 

af  the  great  Philadelphia  and  Batoore  ^ne   Jl^ 

Z  the  e^astern  ternunus  of  the  fo^er^  ^S^encing  It  Richmond,  0. 

.      An  important  ^«?f/^^"XS  Western,  and  HftWJlton  andEatoa 
western  terminus  ot  th«Y^y'^"j,i,gsh  river,  at  L<«W^ 
roads,  and  extendmg  to  Jj '  ^^^^^^     ,^  Chicago.     As  a  through-route, 
intended  ultimately  t«^<;«yy  ^SV^d  Chiclgo-     LocaUy,  it  may  be 
its  object  is  to'connect  CmunndU  a  b      ^^^  and  producuve 

TegarU  as  a  Cincmna  i  road  penetmt^^^^^^  fromllichmond  to  the  Wa- 
section  of  the  State.     It  is  mae  ^^  ^^^^  ^^^^^^  ^^^  ^,^^  ^^^^^  ^^^ 

bash,  by  Vay  of  ^^^^^f^^^;  "direct  and  convenient  outlet  to  its  great 
•  versed,  it  wil  constitute  a  NCiy  ^^  ^^  command,  to  a  greatex- 

market,  Cinannati;  J^"d  it  is  ^?  ^      to  the  north  of  .its  hue     The  route 
tent,  the  traffic  ot  ^be  temtory^iyin^^  ^^^^  consUtute  the  shortest  route| 
•nroposed  by  tins  roati,         . 
Uween  Cincinnati  and  Chicago.  ^^^^  ^^^  JeffersmiviUe  roa^ 

-         It  is  also  proi^sed  to  ^^"^^'^'^^^^^^d  extending  as  far  north  ^Im 
commencing  at  or  near  Columbus^^^^^^    ^^^  Bellefontaane  road.aa^ 

tlie  eastern  termmus  of  the  ^J^^"^^  g^gi^^  jg  favored  by  the  city  ( 
probably  to.  Fort  Wayne.  J.h;^.^f  ^^^ans  of  connecting  herself  m 
louisviile,  Kentucky,  ^^/^^^fSfJgh  Ohio,  and  of  securing  a  ™^ 
•     :?:ri"fto3  :nd  r^X'hSiUerwise  would  be  drawn.cl 

dnnati.  ^^^y  probably  run  through  Muncl  J 

-       The  branch  to  Fort  NV  a\  ne  v,  i         connexion  would  be  fold 

the  Bellefontaine  road,  ^"^^XnZhs.    The  route  for  such  a  roadlJ 
.    between  Fort  Wjnea^^^^^^^^^ 

rrSiLThe^^irsf™^^^  Therearese^ 

The  above  are  the  leading  P^^^^^^Xch  may  be  named  the  She j 
others  of  minor  consequence,  arnon^^^^^  y^^^^^  ^^^  ^^1 

^Ltd^tfrSci^n^^^^^^^^^  ^ 

laCHlGAK. 
•     ,a,n    (Territorv,!  31,639;   in  1840,  212,26' J 

roaturedandcommencedaneteboraKsy  have  beoij 

?y  means  of  railroads  »"*  f  ^  ^^inced.    Of  the  gre«lj 

g-'cneraUy  m  a  -wj»fcern  «*         around  the  southcfn  shore  w J 
ected  southward  »^d  0":"^^^^^^  ^f  jj^e  being  282  mJd 

Michigan  to  Chicago,  the  whole  leng  two  or  three 

wL  completed  to  ^ake  Michg  a^^^^^^  •  ^^ 


.> 


H.  Doc.    136. 


S6T 


a  loBg  and  expensive  detour  by  wav  nf  m    ,  ^ 
eajtowest,  and  having  proved  of  JreatS^  in  travelling  from 

^bmxiess  public.  This  road  wS  rn^  '""''"f  **^  *^«  ti^velC 
JfaA^an,  under  whose  auspices  abomioT'^T"^^^  by  the  State  of 
of  It  were  constructed.     The  Rt^JlT    ^  .""'^^^  ^^  the  eastern  norf.V.^ 

qoence.of  the  injudicious  mtag^en'^^^^^^^^^ 
I  ^^P"7^  ^«^P^.ny  in  the  latter^art  of  m^ru'''  '^  '""^d  ^vas  soM 
Unstniction  was  immediately  resumeH    n^  '  ^^  ^^om  the  work  of 
Ur  to  .te  termination,  at  Chicaiost'  ^.^  P^^^ecuted  with  ^eat 
veiy  productive.     Its  imporranfe  as  «      "'  ^o^^pletion  it  has  prS 
I  the  East  and  the  West  winT^  f  -^  S^^^^  throudiJink    hit,? 

Lg^at  Western  ratld  of  cS'^  whTl.'^^  ^  irufcf 
thecommgyear     When  thatVoad  shkjt  7'"  ^  "^'"P^^^^  during 
Iconneiion  with  the  above  roads  will  hf  A^  T^^'^^  ^  direct  route  if 
lea^emStates  to  Chicago,  Te  LTt  eL^°'^''^  '^      ''^^'^^  from  Ihe 
■trade  and  travel.  ""  ^^^^  ^^^^tral  point  of  the  noi^tarpLJZ 

*  2.  Michigan  Sotakan  railroad     J  i^.  \^     r.  ^^stem 

Juthem  was  formerly  a  State  work,  ami  ^sIST'  '°^^'  '^'^  ^^^^igan 
6mJes  from  Monroe,  its  eastern  term^n"' n""' T""^  ^«  Adritn 
(ate,  as  farther  progress  was  abandoned  ^K.;    ?"  *^^  ^^""^^  «*"  the 

H  the  Indiana  Northern  road,  Wn  rlcZT^  '^  ^T', '"  connexion 
heistance  between  the  termin  is^Js  ^T^^^  extended  to  Chicago, 
jjdtocanr.this  road  through  the  i„t^^''.-*'  T^  ^^ginally  fn- 
mo;  but  tills  plan  was  abandoned Tv  fh?  ''"'  ^^  ^''""^'^^^  to  New    " 
sr  running  about  aso- affiles  TnMI%   ^^  P/"^"^"'  company,  uj     - 
olndi^ia,  and  on  this  portion  cons^ruotpT'  '^^  ^'"^  ^^«  defleS 
J  that  State.    This  ro^  is  also  n!^        "^  ."""^^^^  ^  charter  granted 
M  will  be  shortly  7onneSS"r'^r''  Toledo,  oif^e 
UconHdentlp.^^^^^^  of  Ohio;  sMk 

fcooMline  of  railroad  will  exist  from  N^w  v  '^"""'''7  next  aeon- 
«  of  nearly  1,000  miles      Thl  iS?-  u^^  ^°^^  to  Chicago,  a  di^ 
^•nay-Lth  be  ^ded  as  K^n^'^'"  ^"*'"^  and^Uaia' 
n?  ua  fact  one  line.ThoU  retX^ '°  T  ;"^^^^«»'  ^^  as 
^are  very  favorable.     In  L  h-fnT  T""^^  ^""^  business,  its 
»!  prosecuted  with  energf  aLd  suTctl    "'^"'""^  ^^anagers,  t 
>  ortts  hne  coincide.  withth?«„X      I  ^^'  '^  *«  general  di- 
r-  «  is  difficult  to  find  a  more  [^i'^T  *^f-  ^^^^^  Erie  a^ 
8  since  Its  opening  fuUy  LtifiTfh    ''"P*^'"fant  I'ne  of  road,    ha 
» ^  whom  iS^extfnsioJCs itVS^y.  ""^  5^^^'^^*  ^^ ^^ 
e  local  trade  both  of  the  C^Fv.^^  executed. 

;7le  belt  of fenne.  wel£SS  ?nd  ^'".t™  "'^^^  ^  -PPlied 

i  alone  would  yield  suffici^nV        ^  ^'^''^^  produfctive  couSti?^ 

g-traffio.    BothVinTeSt  forE'nn?"'^  independent  Tf 

Itbugh-routes  from  Boston  and  tTT"^  P^''^^  ot^independ- 

p-Uely  Identified  With  in^^^nT^oIS^J^'^;^^^^^^^^ 

R^r/o'Tg".^^^^^^^^^^  is  an  important  pro- 

[««^o^  Of  the  latter,  -hier^a^^etid-^a  ^^S  o^^^^ 


'J^. 


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1188 


fl.  Doc,  136. 


•KU  This  work  is  indispensable  to  the  proper  de- 
year  are  inaccessible,  i  Yl^^„rces  of  that  great  region.  Its  route 
Upment  of  the  -st  m-j^  ^^i^^^^^^^^  SigenciL  Thelineof 
is  thfe  best  that  could  be  adopted  ^  ^^^  ^^^^  ^^  construction  will  be 
the  road  is  under  purvey  ,  and^^sD         ^^,^^^^  ^^.^^  akeady  devel- 

Ipin^TtWrte;^^^^^^  to  furnish   a  considerable 

traffic.  ,   „nd  will  undoubtedly  in  a  few  years  becoih 

A  road  is  also  propo^^'^' ^""^-Tto  Toledo,  with  a  view  to  enable  the 
structed,  extending  tromlJetroK  ^  connexion  with  the  lines 

crreat  Western  railroad  of  Canada  lo 
of  the  United  States. 

ILLINOIS. 

,~^*c     ;„  i«lO   476,183;  in  1850,851,470. 

Population  in  If  0' \X  InhabSnt;  to  s^uar^  mile,  15.36. 
Area\n  square  "^^\^' ,^f 't^^iaV^^J^^^^^  the  histories  of  the  Stat." 

There  is  a  remarkable  ^ij^^^^"'^^"  jj.  respective  systems  of  intcria 

of  Indiana  and  Illinois,  so  lar  a  ^^^-^^  were  commenced  aboi^ 

improvements  f  ^' ^^^^^^^^^.^  i^nvolved  in  similar  financial  eo. 

the  same  period;    >f  J^f ^^^^^oned  the  prosecution  of  the.r  respecUv 
,  barrassments;  ^"^  both  abandon  i        ^^^.^^^^^  ^^^^^^^^ 

'  works-most  of  which  have  ^e^J/™  .^^^^^^^  exists  between  the  t^ 
.passed  into  P^^^^,^'^"^! '.  ^27"^^^^  being  a  much  newer  Sta.^ 
fahnois  labored  under  the  d^s^l^^^^;^^  requiring  a  longer  Umel 

possessing  smaller  «f  ^"^'^£"''2"  in  ler  first  efforts  she  imitatJ 
iecover  from  her  J^'barms^m^^    A.       .^  ^^^^^^.^„  ^^^^^^ 

the  examples  o    ^^lo  and  India^^^^^  ^^.^^  ^^^  ^^        ^       j 
^elr  footsteps,  in  ^^f  ^P'^f^^^  'fhis  canal  is  almost  the  only  impio 
The  lllimuarul  A^J^**^""^^"?*    the  vast  debt  she  has  incurred  fort 
.nent  which  lU-o- has  to^^^^^^^^  of  her  bond-holderM 

public  works.    It  has  Pf  s^ed  mio  t  ^^  ^^  j^m 

Ea^'been  completed  by  ^^;'-J^„,"i."^rextend7  from  Chicago  toPJ 
work,  the  Wa>ash  and  Erie  c^«'j  .     j     ■  ^  ,vas  commenced 

ax'the  head  of  navigation  on  the  Illinois  r  ^^^^  ^^.^^^  ^^^  ^  ^^^ ^ 

1836,  and  completed  in  184S.     u  ^^^  ^^     j^     j 

The  locks  have  a  capacity  ^^^^J   ^^ove  Lake  Michigan. 
miles,  and  ^^^^"^^f^^^l  Erectly  from  the  lake;  but  as  ihismvolj 
:^r;4"e"^nditure  ^f™  abandoned        .^  ^^  ^,.^,  ,„,  J 
^  The  canal  was  oftened  in  tUe  tall  ot  i«     ,  .^^  ^ 

ione  a  successful  business.    Like    he  W  aoa  ^^  .^  j 

tincides  with  the  usual  route  oc^^^^^^^  „ 

possible  to  conceive  ^."^°^«X^[ie'^^^^^      of  the  Mississippi  at! 
S^cts  the  lakes  with  ^^J  "av  ^able  wa^^^^^^  ^^> 

nearest  ai^proach  to  ekch  mher.    IRtwc  ^^^.^^  penetrates 

northern  regions,  and  t»J  j"j;  '^'^,,^,1  ^  ey  constitute  a  mtural  roj 


if.  Doc.   13^. 


aei 


.■*'■     '  *     fe 


'.:•-;-■:> 


■  ^'    ' 


TOilillgtosecurealaroEDortim  „r.i.  "^ 

fcfc^a  Erie  fa„al*™„'Sf:Ll*:„P'^"<='»  "'^  ^  """hwe,.  to 
canal  first  supplietl.     THp  *.«,„*    r  •     """^t  ior  them.     Thia  t J,^  ni •     • 

,  "sitrrtL'ek  !^T         '  '^  "^^  ^^^^^«">^^ 

UiTT?.^^  "^f  ^'^  ^^'Chicag^Ti^f  the  Pli"  '^'^  J"[P"^«  «  has  given 

irectjon  of  the  products  of  Illinois  an  1  n^I,"»^  " ''««  effected  S  S  ' 

ket,  and  of  merchandise  imn^Jtl  i  •        ,  "^"*^''  ^vestern  Starp«  !i 
W«ei^ts  capacity  eSTKutnes:  T\"^^'--^  --t^^^ 
Uonit,  and  were  the  Uhnois  and  mS  i?'"^  ^"^  «««"  be  thro^^^i 
lot  the  year,  there  can  be  no  doubt  thatfhFP'  "fv.gable  at  all  seas^ 
Igr^  a  large  portion  of  the  trade  of  A.     ""^"^^  ^""^^  ^e  able  t^  en 

«f  Lake  Mich^n  and  north  of  thfohforj"^?^^^^  and  soutwtst 
ls,itispreDarmg  the  way  for  a  Seat  Iv^'' •^''''^""  "^^--s-  ^  it 
Kf  ""^  ^^  "^'^'^^r"  route.  ThSrni  7'"°"  -"^  '^^'  ^ade  to  the 
y  soon  come  to  its  aid.  and  suppTyX     "°T '"^^^^^^ 

«v>gat.on  m  the  western  rivers.     ^^'^  *''°  ^^mt  of  an  uninterrupted 

^^^road,  in  lUinois. 
i  The  system  of  improvement«  firo* 

^d  and  thirty-fix  co"  t  m^^^^^^  ^y  the  State  in  eighteen 

ft  traversmg  everyr  Portion  of  the  Sm/^  ^%P  ""'"ber  of  S 
^these  wer«  the  Ulino/s  Central   tht  S^^'     ^^^  '"ore  import^f 

m,  the  Quincy  and  DanvSe    the   a  .?'^''"^7"^^  ^"^  sKn^! 

uDtCannel  and  Alton,  and  the  P-  •^^^'^^^^d  Terfe  Haute  X 
kenditure  of  large  sCs  u^  these  lin^^..^^''^^^  n>ads.  If^r 
kned,  and  the  improvemems  made  h-  '^  '''^''  "^  ultimate]? 
Ms  of  private  companies     JVn  rlJ^    ^."^^^  mostly  fallen  infn  Vj^I 

fen  opened.  «irh  ™s^.te°„ri,:"rf  "^^  ^-«o-^^^^^ 

mJle  nulTOiuJ,  extending  from.  s„ri„l.T  ''"''  '"  "■«  Quincv  »n5 

pestateof  Ilhnoisisonenf  ti,oi  ^ 

H  Wabash.    Thenort1ier^oart„f>%«'^ernborS^^^  h*"  T^r    *W"v 

i?n.  which   s  accessible  k!!  ^l-    °^*°<'  "State  is  ^ffaAM^^r   i  '•  '       *^  f '  '*'  ^  -?  J 'T 

|tbeoefi»n     IT  °'®  by  ships  of  thrpn  »,.,  J     , ^'^^y  Aiftko  i   •    ^''vV*   "(  \4ii  *- 


4  vj 


t.t .:  . 


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in 


i    ' 

0JQ  ^  k.  Doc.   186.  •         .. 

•  H«n'  Allthesewater-oourses  afford  convenient  outlets  for  the 
'^''Krof  her  ^^il!  S  contribute  incalculably  to  her  prosperity. 
products  oi    ner  sou,  ««"  UannmP  nnd  must  always  remain,  the 

^  The  city  o/  Cbc'jgc.  has^ow  ^--. -^J  Jhich  the  W 

emporium  of  ^f  ,°^^^^; ^^  it  of  the  lines  m  progress  are 

xoad  system  «f  ^^^^^'.^'^^eSnce  ■  to  this  point.     All  running  in  a 
constructed  with  express  feierenc  i  ^^  ^^^  ^^^^^ 

northerly  -tTattafbe  Taid  ^^^  traversing  the  northern 

*^'?       Vt  J  StaS  aSterly  and  westerly  direction.   The  principal 
porUonoUhebtateinanedbJ     jy  Mississippi  raikoad,  runmns 

Sceptionsto  this  ^/^^^^^jf  5,^^^^^^^  anclVlton  railroad,  and 

from  Cmcinnau  to  St.  Louis,  tne  ler  ^^      Lafayette,  in  Indi- 

'^^  PTh^  \;tlf  JrubXbe  otheS  constructe^d  in  dfc 
fonion!  ofthrslate,  having  no  direct  reference  to  Chicago;  but  such 

l^Ze  referred  to  as  are  ^^^X^^J^o^^,,^  to  south,  wiUbed  ' 
'fhegreathne,  traversing  he  b^^^^^^  ^     j^^  ^^^^^. 

Blinoi^entral  raihoad.     J^"JJ°^'^.^^^u  ^^^^^  projects  of  a  simili 
1837,  but  was  soon  ^bandoned^wUh  a  1  o^^  ^^^^  ^^^  ^ 

character.     It  commences  at  Ca^ro,  at  tne^^  ^^ 

Mi^ppi  mers^  one  branch  run'ning  3 

for  about  120  miles,  ^y^^^      r^  ,      g^^^     i,y  vvay  of  Peru,  on  tl| 

the  extreme  northwest  l^'.f^^^J^^^^  to  Cliicago.  iT 

Illinois  river;  and  the  otper  ^^  f"  Jreater  extent  of  line  than  anyotk 

vrhole  length  ^'^\^%7^,!^,^teT'The  construction  pf  this  Joad 
chartered  line  in  tlie  Umted  States-     1  he  co  . 

secured  by  recent  °^""^^„^"'oo%00  acres  most  of  which  lie  u  J)n  t 
nxent,  which  amount  to  2,500.000  acre^m^^  ^^^  ^^^^^  .^  ^ 

immediate  Ime  of  the  >;°«f- ^  ^K'^^'^n  constructed,  wiU  constituij 
years  from  the  present  time;  ?"«^  ™^  ^^^h  to  south,  whichM 
Irand  central  avenue  through  the^^^ 

Si  the  end  become  the  tr^n^  oi  m    y  b  certainty  of 

The  process  ^^^  ^^  J^  J^eTfrn^^^^^      the  pubUc  sentiU 
early  completion,  has  g^ven  ^&  ^^ymerous  lines  are  in  progJ 

the  State  in  favor  of  similar  projects,    nu  r     , 

or  projected i^Sy^a^^modation^^^^^^  ,„uiJ 

vast  amount  ot  railroad  accoiumuu  f  .^  eauallv  conspi 

taSing  the  above  route  ^  "f'f ''?  "f  V^^^^  pMsessing  ..ch 

r^".  errs:  er,„^d  rr;.»t„se  .x  .nd  „„*  j 

<i;tmp  to  its  local  resources. 


itioTito  its  local  rosources.  .  -.i,.-,!   most  of  tb*  rft»t i 

.^hemore  taporum  of  *-  -  *;f*-£«;  „f  ^^  ,.. 
..  '^"Xe°St«  T^r;Iwc;n,J^:«d*u>  Bockrord,adi.u«. 


tt.  Doc.   136.  j^. 

•vnththe  Illinois  Central  roo^i  i        ,.  ,  '  *''* 

Ca^  1^9  miles  wV^llt^^^.^t  ^^^  ^-ard  to 

ofthe  most  successful  and  productive ?vnrif'    7u"  '"'^^^  ^as  been  one 

Swes.    It  was  not  embraced  in    h?  onvt  ?^  '^^  ^^"^  ^'^  the  United 

tkState;  and  affords  a  striking  iuttS^^^^^^  rnarked  out  by 

droad  projects  to  the  known  wants  o^k^-*''^  "^'^^^"^  of  adapting 

I  rW  ^^"l^^jPate  such  wan^bv  [l.P     "''''  ''''^^'  '^'^^  of  at? 

I  fcundod  on  doubtful  contingencies        ^  ''^"  construction  of  a  systel 

J    The  easterly  portion  of  tJ,«    i        v  ^      "* 

rmd«  one  of  wlJich.  the  St  cfieT  branS.'™'  ^'^^^^•""^  "^  "^^o  other 
Ltb  the  Galena  and  Chicago  road  in  "    v- '''"?-^^  ^""^  ««  JunctS 
Mississippi  nver,  at  Albany  ;\ndthPn.V,        u^  ''"'"'^^'t  course,  to  the 
is  under  contract    to  Gafesbu^g.  SL  northerf  ^""^^  '''^^'^'  ^^^'ich 
andOquawka  railroad,)  a  distanrP  nf  T       ^^  P"'"*  ««  the  Peoria 
will  be  carried  stiU  ibrther    n  .  «   1     """^  ^^^  "^'^^s-      Thirroad 
hy  me^s  of  the  Centrd  Afihta^r^^reraS  t^r"  ^<^  Q""-y' 
limds,abom^progress  of  constructln      Th.  ^^    ''   ^^«rther^CroS 
ICdesburg,  by  the  above  road,  is  about  320  .^f^"^^  *'''"'  Qufi)^^ 
Idistance  between  Chicago  and  On  r?..     ?     ""^^'''  "^'"^king  the  entire 
Ijood  thattlie  Michigan  CenTrd  2S  wm"'  ?'  T'^^^'    ^^  ^  -^S! 
liast  named  Lne.  '"'"^"'^^t  will  extend  efficient  aid  to  the 

■  The  Galena  and  Chicago  railrmd  h 
jcein  orpmoting  the  gro^wth  of  the  Z  "^TJ  ^  ^^'^  decided  influ- 

'  vfr^  «;.^/ghty  mit?4kiw  trs  ^rr"'  ^^  ««"k 

j-5.  The  first  division  to  Peru  willT  .  "f^  ^^"S:th  of  line  180 
r°?^°«t'  and  the  whole  in  season  Lib.  '"P^"'^?.  ^^  ^^^^  A'-^t  of 
fc^^r^'P^^^^^'^n  important  w  J?  T'^'  ^^'T''  ofms. 
fH  of  navigation  onti^ji\^^^:/'''''l^onnect6hicogo^^iai 
Wnse  travel  and  tradTmus?  .L  ^^'•'  ^"'^^^"  ^hiclfpoinS 
Htage  of  striking  the  MissisS  •  ^^'  ^-^'*-  ^^  has  the  ^eat 
N^withthesoufhern  slrrjr^rjP?"  '^^'^^^e  parlllTfr 

bfP^'^^^^'-H^dg'ngthatrver  £w%f  A  T^  ^'<^'^'g^.  and  at 
N 18  yeiy  nearly  in  the  same  nm-ST  ?k  A^t'^onj  s  Falls.    Rock 

"Jtoward  the  Rocky  mountain?  Th"  ^''f  ^^^«f«"".  running  west- 
t&vorable.anditwiUundSdlvh^^''*^^  ^"^  '^"rves  of  this  rS 
kes^  trade  and  travelt^^^^^^^^^ 

purrSn-n^i^cot^^^ 

l^r^  a«i  Oy«ai,ia  ra5S!lTh.  n  Tr^^  °^"«  position         ' 

•**»^ssissippf  river  opposite  Buri^^^TJ^,^^^^'  commenc- 
ml  town  in  Iowa,  and  runnini .    d^  "'  ^^"^  ^'^S^st  and  most 
Jdistauce  between  the  tZ  S  "£    k^^*^"«'  «"  the  Illinois  nVer 


91$ 


H}  Doc.  186. 


m 


m 


xnent  and  construction  at  no  djs^nt  J^y^  ^^  ^^^  ^^  ^ 

NortAem  Cro..  -«f  2^;-^;i\SrMi  'issippi  m^^^^  extending  to  the 
rrCaXtX^near  S;iC^^^  anf  runnin^ough  Naples, 
Indiana  btate  ""f,"^^.„':'^mu: ':„  one  of  the  projects  embraced  mthe 
Springfield,  and  P^^^^^ur.    This  |^s  one  oi        i    j  ^^^^^^^^ 

.  State  system  ot  1"??^°^^""^'*^''/;^  ^Ik^e.     The  ^ork  executed  by 
work  was  done  than  "C'^^^nj^^g^'a^^^^ 

the  State  has  smce  P^f  ^^;">^;^^^^  Springfiild,  the  capital 

of  which  the  poruon  f  Je  ^  "«  ^^^^^^f^^^^    g^own  as  the  Spring- 

S^JlnTSe"ed^o:i    X^^^^^  .^^^  ^^^4 

field  and  J>lereaosia  J^         '        j      minog   ig  also  an  progress,  by 

the  above  ^^^^  fr^^^grin^eld  eastward,  the  work  of  construe- 
another  company.  J^°"^P^°j.  prom  Decatur,  two  branches  will 
tion  IS  also  about  to  be  resumea.  ,p        g^yt      ^d  the  otherl 

probably  be  constructed,  one  ^'^^^W^^^^^^^^        u  may  be  stated, 

that  the  wesicn^^  uivio  railroads  now  m  progress  tM 

tends  from  Alton  t«  ^P;"^f^^"^^^^^^^  business.    It  fonm  " 

72  miles.    It  h^  .^^"'.I'^^'m^^^  of  the  State  to  the  Mi« 

appropriate  -f  j^^'oXue-^  """"'  "'  '''^^P 

sippi  river.    Its  loc^  ^"^^2;^  of  raSroad  from  Chicago  to  Alton  s 

ff'raSttd'S.venient  rente  of  ttavelbemeen  U>m, 

SS  Ml  to  rave  it  tank  among  our  leading  works, 
notfailtogrreii™  g^.    j^         ^^^^  jj       bavinga? 

iJ^^iu^  of  this  road  to  the  general  ^sten.  of  the  eoiiiiBJ- 


A  D(Jc. 


136. 


■■■• »;..'!« if. 


•f . 

1. 


.  ■■  .  '  -—*«■.  879 

ato  .there  exists  a  vast  comteTe  and  SveS^'^'i'  ^"1^^^  ^*^^^' 
tbOTW  none  in  the  country  offerLhl.  ^'  ^  through-route, 

ttfic.  It  IS  regarded  ^vith^e^r  bv  l^'Tr^^^  "^  ^  ^"^^rative 
no  dodbt  that  Its  stock  wiUll  p'lJ  ^y  ^^^,  P"l*l'c,  and  there  can  be 
1T«  whole  line  will  be  pilrt^Sln^^i  '^  ^^«^^-  -pSrs! 
^J^nt'i^^t^^SZ-t^^^^^  '"""  ''^^  ^°°^^^^' 

2.  and  Will  suppl,  .be  u'sual^^nro^^aSc^rw^Lt^ 

.    1'f^  Haute  and  Alton  railroad  ^Thl, 

(direction  and  object  with  the  ohp  ?n.f  J^^  ^^T^l  ^^^  ^^^^  same  general 

Ljects  in  its  conitruction  is  to  pr^moifeV'^'     ""fu"'"  '^'  ^-^ing 

l*^rT  '"'■™'^"^-     I^  t'-^verS^fa  ttl  !"?  "^^"^  ^^ty  of  Alton! 
Itonof  the  State,  and  is  sufficientl7rp,n  /""^  '^''"  cultivated  por- 

Atlanucto  command  a  large  ?Sladr"?^,f«";  ^^e,  Mississippi  Ld 
Londer  contract  for  completion  wiSn  fl.ri  ''"i^  ^'"^  '^^  this  road 
M  portions  of  it  are5n  pro^'^  '^''^^  ^'^^  ^""^  this  time,  and 
I  1  he  proposed  road  from  Tpr"   fi' 

-.an  important  link  to  connectThSs'''nf'r'?^'^^'  ''  ^^"  ^^  «««". 

kno.8  and  with  the  Northern  CrSs  roads      M^  ^'''^  '^'  ^^"^^^ 

-place  this  road  under  conti^  ^.r^^^^^J^^ 

^^^^o^T^I^^  Carmel.  on  the  Dlinois  river. 

7the  State.  These  improvement?!!  ^  "^.^^'^  ^'"«  ^as  graded 
^te  company,  by  whfcrthTro^d  Jm  C'  "*?  '^!  ^andf  of  a 
nd  to  Alton,  a  distance  of  Xout^wnni  ''V^^'^i  ^om  Mount 

MISSOURI. 

h- «  b-  fd.,  .hi  VZi'»  Sate  I  "''f' ',  ""=  ""^''W  "f 
fefortheirneiglibors,  aad  ^1^10  Z       """^  become  thoroigh- 


1 


■■    ^■^■ 


n 


I       I 

il 


u. 


«« 


,>     t  ••iS'feiSuv 


m 


H.  Doc.   l^- 


f- 


>»  •,- 


K^^       *i.„  latter-  t>ip  loans  not  to  become  available 
mer.  and  «1.|00,POO  to  the  latter.  ^^^^  ^^ 

until  each  company  sV«i«i^  "f^  °^^^^^^^^^  subscriptions  should  be 

andthen^nrSfestasequa^po^^nso^^^^^^^^^^^  ^^^^P^^^^^  ^^^^^^^ 

paid  up  and  expended.     When  e^^^^^^^  Sie  Sute  for  its  bonds  to 

an  equal  gmount,  as  secupty  ior  ^^'"^"^^^^^  ^he  State  aid  will  pro- 
roadVall  the  property  ^^^^^e  XP^fJ^^^^^,  „f  both  roads.  Although 
bablf  l>e  increased  to  "^^f  ^^£V  m^^^^^^^  in  the  construcUon  of  the 
local  considerations  are%e  P^'^y  X^^uirnate  extension  to  th« 
above  roads,  ^be  l^gors  Id^   to^^^^^^^  somcvvhat  widely 

Pacific  ocean.     AltUdfeh  thenr  eastem  ter        ^^^^^  ^^^^^^^^^^^ 

separated,  they  ^PP^f  ^^f.?^  '  f,;  ^[^e;  f  pfo  onged  in  their  general 
^vouldineet  beyond  the  f^^^v  \rTS' a  eat  impo^^^^^  Theyv^m, 
directions.     A%l«-^.,^"^th ^^r  emigri  and 

when,  completed,  add  ^^.^^J^J^^L  ion.r  and  tedious  journey  on  Toot 
pioneer,  by  materially  ^^uang  the  l^on     an         ^^^  ^^^.j  ^rritory. 
LmtheMissrssrppr^^^^  ^^aT  C  of  raUroS  lying  to  the  cast,  th^ 
In  connexion  with  the  P'^^"^'      y^     o^tinent,  frbrtl  one  ocean  to  ihel 
would  form  a  pait  of  ^]:'}^^;XesmZtis  so  much  gained  towari 
other.    Every  mile  we  ^dva"^«  ;\^^^^^"^e  the  crowning  achievemenj 
the  accomplishment  of  a  Y«'^^^/"'""f,,^4  enterprise  will  soon  havea7 
of  modern  energy  J"^^  ^^^^  ^    '^rtion  thlt  must  devolve  upon  ti, 
complished  so  much,  as  to  1«^^^^  "^^/''       f    fe.  .  if  private  companie 
general  government  a  ^^^^P^^^^^^^^^  "g  ^Te  thanWf  of  thisU 
^ith  the^^  unaided  means  can  ^^^^^^f  ^^.gnUude,  as  to  intimida. 
certainly  what  '^e^"^" ^^^  "^.^^  of  a  grelt  na^on. 
the  collective  energies  and  PPj^f/^J^   construction  of  the  above  road 
Rapid  progress  is  now  making  m  lh«^«"«ni„„.  . 

and  there  can  be  no  doubt  f  \^!^^  ^P/J^'J  p^eiL  railroad,  its  easte 
In  addition  to  the  origmal  object  ot  the  ^  extending  to  tS 

portion  will  probably  be  ma^^^^^^  ^^  ^^^  State,  wfichS 

mineral  districts  of  the  «of  •;';^'^!,;"  P  .     These  great  resources  st^ 
extremely  rich  m  ^™"' 1^^^' ^^^^K  a  suitable  outlet,  which 
remain  undeveloped,  ^o"^,^^^  J,"""'  ""^re  now  in  progress  for  its  c 
above  road  will  create;  and  "lea^^J  thfs  brnch  a  rSrtion  of  am 
struction.     It  is  «!.««  P^f^  C^u^n  the\vest  s^e  of  the  Miss 
line  from  St.  Louis  t^^;;X  ^[  ^^^^",  ^"^        attention,  and  though  ll 
Ss  d'ott  r  Kr^^Tc'S^^^     the  eventual  reah.Uoa 
this  project  can  hardly  be  doubted. 

WISCONSIN. 

1    •       •     iftAO  /Territorv',)  30,945;   in  1850,  305,191. 

"^e  State  of  Wisconsin,  tl^«"S^ ' ^a  iSidarE^alS 
inhabitants,  is  already  »;^P-;£-^,^l  MawauWe  and  Mississippi 
portion  of  which  is  m  "P^'^^^^"'",  ^.^Iwaukie,  the  leading  toi« 
^ad.  This  line  of  '^""d.*^^™™""?^  air^^^^^  r»nning  through 
the  State,  aiid  extends  m  a  ^^^^^'^T  ^^^^^^^  aistance  of  about 
capital  to  the  Mississippi,  at  Prairie  dui^men,  a  i 


•V^i^ 


Hi  Doc.  186. 


37* 


wcoomienced  rA  1850,  and  owes  its  bSnd  nr  ™'"^-  ^"'"'""-    ^« 
«rS  "^f  ^''^•^'^^  ^^^  the  city  of  Mi^^vauWe      i?U  !r"''""  '"  ^'^^  ^n- 
,^  yet  projected,  running  from  Lake  M^h.-Ji     '^'"^  ""^'^  northerly 
jjmtage  o(o^erin^  the  cheapest  outSfSIaJl'S  '""''''''"'?^  ^^^»^  ^« 
ud  west  of  Its  terminus  on  fh^  Mial-    •     ■    ■    *"^  ^'""ntry  y  ng  north 
ieautiful  region  of  co"unt",  ti^b^^rSKr'    ''  ^^---t  most 
iucrauve  road,  as  it  occupiS  a  Wab  e^ol      7' n  ^"^^^^^lul  and 
tf  low  cost.    It  is  distinguished  bv  bein^  ?T:  "^"^  T "  ^"^  «>nstructed' 
period  in  the  history  of  a  St-ifo  tL    ^  constructed  at  a  much  earlier 
Sa  wonderful  Tllustratiro  'tte  ^ITt^'  7'H  ^  ''  ^ 
country,  that  m  the  short  space  of  tJ^^      ^""^^^  "^  »''«  Western 
^claimed  and  brought   int?S.  .  v    ^^""  ^  wilderness  has  been 
kivingandprx,sper?uspeon^^^^^^  ^^^^  fiH^'d  wi?h  a 

jbaxl^f  labo^  an'd  in  pS  ^l,  ofCdZnT'  f  ^'r.  eontri:^:;.: 
Ults  of  modern  science  and  ski?l  and  of  w) '  T''''^"^'  advantages,  the 
LpMmities  have  not  as  yet  ava  led  themS  '"^'^"y  "c^'^'"  and  older 
Uon  moves  westward.  i^caS  with  ^.1^%-  ^'  '^"^  ^^^«  «*'  ^^ 
fees  of  the  eastern  States:  so  that  vl  distuiguishing  charac- 

U  of  western  setUement  waUouf  beSr''"  "^''^  ''^""'^  *"  ^^e  veiy 

Uinthe  natural  features  ofThecountrv^  ''"'"""'  ''^ '^"^^  ^'^^^^^ 
Another  miportant  line  proierteH  in  Air'         •     • 

riRodRivlTvaUeyraiCrevln^-    T"''^  ''  the  Fond  du  Lac 
fi^ebago  in  a  southWeX  ;^^^^^^  ?^ond  du  Lac,  on  Lake 

ntheasterly  course  to  Chicago     ThLn/V^'^b  '^^^"^"^  '*  takes  a 
IJmiles,  It  is  in  course o^cokstrucUr^^oTe^"'^  ^^^"^ 

'hne,  near  Fond  du  Lac.  will  so^n  hi  in  ^^^^'  ''"^  ^  P««ion  of 

Mt  isin  contemplation  to  StenZ  hrl  k?T'°"-  ^ rom  Fond  du 
^iperior.  for  ?vhich  a  Sable  ro^e  ;f  the  western  extremity  of 
»oriWould  even  now  be  of  m  utl^^^^^^^  -^'^  '^  ^^'^t.  This  ix- 
»t  of  fertile  country  lying  .Sst  „f  t&i"  ,^T^  '^F^ss  to  the  vast 
attractive  field  for  emigrlmsf  and  „t^ff  >^^'  ^'^'^h  is  becoming 
«1  line  by  a  grant.  itTSSiat^ln?^'^  ^^"^^'^  ^^^«^  this  pr^ 
iaroad>^ti^atei;7e  found  inSf  T,^""^?  '^^  *^^  ^««^t. 
Ne  portion  of  the  MinnesmaSri^oV^^  ^^^''•n''  *^^  settlement  of 
foment  from  the  gen^Sl  ^vSWT  ^7;^^^  P"'^"'^'^  ^^^^^^^ 

'n«d,  from  which  it  will  derive  W™.^^'  .^"^  °^  the  objects  of 
«"«.  over  the  State  of  Ael^i^^^^^  >"«  ^"  ^^e  dis-  ^ 

"-into  Lake  Winnebago.    WorS  Je'L^°^'  "?""  the  >i>.er8 
low  vessels  naviga&  Lake  Frt  t        '  V^S^^'^' ^^ich  will 


t  canal,  which  ff  S  Jj'  "1?.!!!l^.  ^.'«^-"«in  and  Fifti. 

ty  oTtl 


-?  canal,  which  OS„^'  Z'^iT^  ^>^°"«'n  «»d  J^vem 
ptjogtheriverT'SyfefeLcer^^^  "^^-^  capacity TfS 
■•"!«»  approach  eich  oXr  v^l       T^V^  ^"  ^«  «een  that 

^  o  mues,  and  the  separauon  consisting  only  of  a 

V 


,*u' 


If 


r~ 


#?'! 


m'-'i 


SRI     i'**' 


9T6 


B.  Doc.  1S6; 


l':CoiS„Swr.C*le°*p:Lsage  of  «eaa,bo«.  fro.  Jwk.; 

•"rrS'KoTroposed  from  Dubuque  on  the  MU,i„ippi  rive,, 
T  1  MV>,:Ln  nassinff  tbrouch  the  southern  tier  of  counties  in  the 
tttit^'^tf^oS:^^^^^^^^  the  town  of  Janesville  a  point  fro. 
wWch  it  would  be  carried  forward,  by  roads  m  progress,  to  the  torn. 
of  Chicago  and  Milwankie. 

IOWA. 


'Population  in  1840,  (Territory.)  43,112^  ^^Jf^'  1/2,^14.    Am 
Jn  snuare  miles,  60,914 ;  inhabitants  to  square  mile,  d.77. 

ZSroad  has  ^t  been  commenced  in  Iowa,  though  several  com- 
j>oraurociuii     jr  constr^ctlon.     It  will  be  recoM 

ESS  thir  som     teTyei's  Snce,  the  State  had  only  about  6^^ 
Sonk      I  has  m,w  probably  about  300,000,  most  of  whom  are  setllrf 
S  tCnighborhood  of  navigable  rivers  ;  arid  on  this  aecoun  thea. 
cessi^  of  railroads  has  not  been  so  much  felt  as  it  would  othemud 
wTen      As  Iowa  is  one  of  the  most  fertile  States  of  the^^ed 
r^kihg  among  the  first  in  extent  and  >tural  resources  :  and  as  tkJ 
fi^fecf  ofTiil  is  well  adapted  to  the\heap  and  expeditious  col 
sSa^Sn  ofraSroads,  and.the^  State  is  filling  "P  -f ^^^-  ^H 
with  an  enterprising  and  vigorous  people,  we  cannot  expect  that.slH 
^^Wbebehind^ersisfer  States  in  the  cons^uction  of  works « 

^portalt  to  the  V^^^^y Z' ^::^:i  IT  nta  are  the  U. 

lea^^rtiiffiriftoiou^^^^^^^^  ?rssrn?.^ef 

Sd  Heliev^ed  to  be  the  best  point  for  the  passage  of  he  M™ 
river,  and  Council  Bluffs  for  that  of  the  Missouri.    These  tacts  slio^ 

'^XXirfTrDX4td''J£o.uk  line  is  .^^^^^ 

in  the  Mississippi  river,  and  to  avoid  the  rapids,  v-hich  are  a  M« 

'"^'^:^nZ"^r^n^  .  the  Mtesou*  tV-'-Tne^TS 
^Wr  as  the  Rock  Island  and  Council  Bluffs  road.  No  one  ot  i^ 
aWprVected^^^^^  has  been,  commenced,  though  measu 

for  the  purpose  are  m  progress. 

■       RAILROADS  IN  THE  BRITISH  PROVINCES. 

As  the  provincial  raUroads  are  to  be  intimately  connected  wiA  thd 
— of^SS^S^es.  a  brief  nouce  otth^JOPner  wJlM^«^ 

*^ I'^'Jkilroads  only  have  been  constructed  in  the  British  proline 
for  thtwHSt^hLe  works  were  not  particularly^qu-d^n 
S  the  movement  of  property ;;  the  -mjous  rivej  .  lak^,  ,  a^l 
supplying  cheap  and  convenient  m&Im  for  this  purpose,    i  "ts  i«    ^ 


H   Doc.   iSd.  3^ 

j  MAdenents  of  New  Brunswick  and  Nova  Rr.\i^  ) 

diatt  borders  of  navigable  tide-water  Th.  n  ^V^."P°"  *''«  '^me- 
tofhicb  the  population  of  Canada  is  ^onfihL^'"'''^^'^^'  ""^  "''aWe  land 
fa#  by  dae  lakes  and  the  st^l^^l^tT^T^  '°^  '''  ^»^^« 
ooiines  described  will  continue  to  be  thenrfn^  .  T^^  ^'^'''"^  ^ater- 
ofcoramerce,  even  afteK  the  construction  o&'P^T  ^^^""6^3  and  routes 

Tteroads  in  progress  and  co^i^^Sa^ed^^^^^^^^ 
ac  with  one  or  two  exceptions,  beS£  cnn,tl?  ^f  ,P^«y»nce8,  therefore, 
hjmenger  traffic.     They  ^e  fortirT"'  '^'^^^  ^"^  ^  ^^e^  ' 
LVlines  correspond  to  muTeg  oZlh;  ^"'^r^';  ^"  '^^  ^^^^  that 
lm»eI.aDd,wUch\he  roads  thSelvSm,^^-  '^^^T  P^««es  a  hirge 
Of  the  ro«is.  under  consideSn  T.      ''"'^^^^^^y  increase.     ^ 

Wis  the  St.  Lawrence  anSwicP^  ^"  «'""«  re- 

IBaiyhne  of  the  United  Spates    ^flf'^^^^^'-r.^^^^^  * 

frhentt  connects  with  the  Atlantic  and  9.  t'^  ""^  "'^"^  ^^^  miles, 
■igto  Pottland.     This  woi^was  brieflv  H  ^^TT^  '^^'""^^^  ^^'^^d- 
d»  in  fcState  of  Maine.    X  S«l  T"^""^  ?"  ^^^  "'^t^'^^  «f  the 
:u  the  Canadas  were  concerS^d   S^f  ^  •^''* '"  "^  construction,  as 
etnuteof  Montreal,  and  in  this  mkn^r  t  "^  T""  I  ^?"ter  outlet  for 
in^lian  canals,  by  which  unKrnavt.^      ?  "^^  ^"^'"^^^^  °f  ^^e 
secured  to  the  city.     These  works  have^    r  '°™  • '^'  "PP"''  ^'^^^ 
bitalue  their  highest  usefulness   or  fn  in  /r'    ^  uv*^^"  ^^^^Pt,  failed 
Wof  an  avenue  to  the  AtIanti;^'l;J"'H^y  P"''^'^  expectation,  for 
tsLLawrence.    The  na^jS  ofl^  t' V'"  throU  the  Gul^ 
k  a  considerable  portion  of  the  vear    .hi'i  .""''"^"''^  being  closed- 
Utote  held  till  sVringr  before  t^ev;.n?  ^^^^  ^«^^»Pts  of  produce 
hansing  from  this  delay/Srtin'Th.    r"'  V  "''''^^^'    The 
^^  insurance,  &c.,  andthe-dTch^Jf  ,V    '''•^'"^"^  ^^  ^^ehousing, 
ten  ruinous  to  the  holder,  have  tend^i^  ?"""  f-'^^  ^/^P^^'  ^hicl 
»«Is,  to  resti-ict  the  tds inej  of  d7,  r    /"'"  '>'  ^^^^  '"^o  other 
l^at  rival,  the  Erie  canal.     T^  rem. J''   .^'- """^  ^° ''^"^^^ 
Hipted  «)mmunie'ation  at  all  ti^Sty  nn  ^    u^  ^^-  ?""""^"^  ^ 
fegreat  object  of  this  proposed  ro^Thl    T'^?*"^^  tide-water,  is 
MraworksiinilariiicLacter^ndnTi^?  "^^  ""^  "°  *^«"bt  that 
Ije^dts  anticipated  from  the  canals  ''' ''  """"^''^^  *°  «^^"^ 

•that  no  doubt  IS  ekeitaiS^r!^  ''  "^  ^.  ^'^^^  «f  ^"eh  forward- 

K  Quebec  in  the  Se  reSonlhl^r'^  ^?'^^^  *«  Pl«<^^  the 

KnceandlfBantiarSLd.  and  a?^  '"^*^"^^  to  the  St. 

W  these  cities  by  a  continuoisrdll??  ^^"^ V'^e  "with  the  latter. 

nof  Quebec  in  the  winter  seaini^       T'  -,  ^'"""^  ^^^  isolated  po^ 

t  commerce,  .^^^^^Ta  S  ?''  '^^^  ^'^  P^«^«  ^  g^eat  benS^ 

N  community.    S  enttf  IW  .^^"l"^"^^  to  the  travelling  and 


KSi^XmiCS^^^^^  is  the 

KSt  Lawrence,  and  of  LaSonJ  '  ^''"^T'"^  ^^^  immediate  bank 
h  the  great  iute  of  eomm^reeTVh  ^^''  'f^^  ^°"^^  ^"  P^" 
Hof  travel,  and  in  the  xSn.  *^^  Canadas,  is  require/by 

'  .  ana  m  the  wmter  season  would  be  the  channl 


,<»^, 
■^ 


Al*, 


^■i-il.i;^^  A  ^^  _*  Sii\ 


^1^ 


H.  Doc.  IW. 


,     ,         .    -!«     Tt  miiftt  at  all  seasons  of  the  year  command  a  Ixktir 
^  I  J«r|e  trade.  J^^  'nu«t  at  au  s^  ^.^         ^^  ^^.^  . 

uve  uJir  fr^j^  *;  J^::rw  come  co  be  consiclered  indispensabfeJ 
would  pa88.     1  ''^^;f'°  „  .„  , '  a  ia  to  receive  such  aid  from  the,  j-oven- 
rnt^  rwTsel^  i-^r4  eorsiuction.     It  is  to  be  placed  ... 

one  of  the  most  ^I^P^^^^^^^^XLr,  opposite  Deceit,  a  disua 
ara  Falls,  by  way  of  H^^milt^"'  [^  J,         n  traverses  ^  country,  the  fer- 
of  two  hundred  a..dtweye,^^^^^^^        not  ex^e^^.d  by  an^  portio J 

tility  and  P'^«;l'^^l\^^'^"^fs^\,7^''its  chief  public  aW^^^ 

of  Canada  or  t^e  Un^^l>«tes      m  en      P^  ^^  ^^^^^    j  1 

•^TheBuffiflo'and  Brantford  railroad^  projected  for  the  purp(«eo 
ilie  **"«*^^  *!^;|      ,  A^  of  tb^untry  traversed  by  the  gna 

w  esierii,  .iiiu  w  It  .  ^.^'Ln  tVip  eastern  and  western  btates.   Bill 

Srol^Xtr^iSrretnUnd  aironl,.  probably,  4.1. 

Zrofnery:vt;le'r^iSg^^Uo„of.heo^ 
route  oi  "^-^ly^'-?/.    hichlv  important  that  egress  should  be  h 
'^!^L^:h'^r^^rl  rZ^  mjrogrcss,  »d  wO.  b,« 

^^tlTSlTtt5r.eYdrGoa«lch  o„lU 
to  wwlifwSpXbly- be  eaended  sooa  ate  reaching  B^ 

Tte  Torontolid  Lake  Huron  roa^"""""  Lake  On.al| 

^  •E?!?"'^'.       riT^^ffiV     A  t>or.K>n  of  «hi3  line  is  opeKjl 
A^KHferSL  from  Toronto  u>  Guelph ;  te  as  44 

■■"JSfSlti^ecUngirontteal  ^ith  those-jf  New  Wk  and' 
-^DHH..  are  suffieienUy  noticed  mtb  thpJBLkjM^SlSa 


•  LOWEK  PROVINCES. 

European  ard  North  Amarus  rai/r^.-Under  thisji^Wj^^n 
^  the  pr^sed^ad  extending  from  Bangor,  Maine,  and  HaWai,  i 


■■^  mn. 


v,\ 


K.. 


ECONOMICAL  V 


;%■■ ' 


A 


ff. ,  Doc.   18«.  9- 


V-,  "     ".,I/OC.     186.  -W  y    ^^ 

ISo^  a  distance  of  about  JBve  Iiiinrl«.,i  -i  ^ 
UeffectecJ  by  its  constructi;^  ^  totonsuS^,  ^^^  ^VT^^  "biect 
ofwvel  between  America  qnd  Euroi^.  tS  •  .''P'^^°^^*'«reatline 
to  Halifax  .8  equal  to  Qne-tbirdpf  the  enUrpHLi"?''  from  New  York 
ll^wooU  and  as  the  PW^-D^oXursuL  hi  ''*'  '""""^  ^'^'^  ^«™«r  to 
\y^  the  routQ  of  the  iwSsjiamW  i  ?  u  ^''"'"^  g^n^ral  direction 
Lit  k  believed  VlESflRr  ''JT'"''^  ^«"^'»  regularly  at  Hajf 
peby  railway..y3^3"^  ^^  ^^e  route  to  fiSro  J^would  b^ 

rafoslSP«mhinth(3m,andsecurrZl?      •  "''""^^nt  resources 

^S^n  population,  commerce,  andCalth  ''tk ^T'^i^- '^'^^^^ 
monV the  above  road  is  already  unXr  ^\'  ^^  Ne^  Brunswick 
i.entlKngIish  contractors,  and  the  work  ,"  '"^  "^  '^'''"P'^"^  ^^ 

0  in  process  to  the  same  end  arf  J       .?  Pli^gress.     Measures  are 
conned.  .The  greater  part"of  L  bne%fc;S";;  \^°^^^'-«i«n  S 
_jes  a  region  inuch  more /ertile,  and  nLr^^''  both  pmyjnces  tra- 
epordon  of, ouX  eastern  SthteTfrom  w^ch  it  kV*!""-^^^^^  ?"«^'^«'-^- 
oht?ble  business  will  be  secured  hotl^tn^h      "^  ^'«^yed  a  large  and 
Jifax  and  St.  JohrK  ,      *  '      '  ^°  ^''^  ™ad  and  to  th^  cities  oT 

I A  project  for  a  railrdjid  from  Halifiv  t^  r\     u 
be  gulf  and  river  St.  Lawrence  has  ll^'^l"^^'  '^"^''S  the  shores 
L.  throughout  the  provinces  as  ^^jf  as  T^^  T'^^t^  """^^  ^«^"- 
Y7  be  regarded  as  abandonoS      A  uoSTA^'''  '^^  P'^'^^^^ 
tkbne  may  be  constructed  down  the  S?^?       ^^e  northern  end 
[j^ut  one  Imndred  miles  below  Quebec     t^^'^'^^  '^  «  distance 
W  a  branch  from  the  European  and  Vn'rth  a      ^-^  P^^posed  to  ex- 
>Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence  to  BaCst     A  "/'"T""  "^'""'^^  ^^^g 
Udrews  to  Woodstock,  on  the  rf^r  St  John ''  u'"" '"  -P^^^^^  ^^^ 
P  W.  a  particular  description  fs  n^^t  re^u^^  '""  ''"^°^^^« 

.^Ifrrd'^^^^^^^^^  as  far  as  their 

kofthe  ^cialandindustrialcwS  oToi'^'V"'".^'*  un^rstand- 
Btopographical  features  of  the^ounTr^th^.W^^'-*^^-  «««g"^Phical 
Itbe  great  mass  of  our  people.  mdS'^  "niformity  in  the  pursuits 
Iconsuming  fro^  the  pW^^ing  rerionf^"^^  ^''''^"^  ^^"'  ^amtes 

fetart^i^t^^^^^^^^   P«--.f  our territo^eastof     " 
[devoted^to  agriculture  whrrlot^^orr  "i^  ^'  ^'^'  1'060.0(S 
hu/acturii  and  commet7c Ws^'T'  "^  ^"^^^^^  ^J 
fqf  temtoiy  lying  upon  the  seacoast  L.S  "!  r*""P°^  *  ""row 
Km  part  of  M«£ne,  Ja  ^^TnJ^'^^l'*^  ^"^  Baltimore  to 

f^ng  regions  than  ^^^Sd  n^."^'^  ^^  ^ 
Igreatpeculiantythat  distinanSSo  Portion  of  the  cou&tty.  ' 

hheen longenough  seTSd for  thrSev^n**"' ^^f  °"  *«"i««r7 
■  r-<  •  "^''"*    °o  «nurely  are  our  people. 


J     1  "     U        * 


,..    ...  :WT' 

J  .  --:o„if«r..  nna  SO  uniformly  distributed  are  they  over  the  H  Tlic  followin 
Sl"tarcTw  no-  .o«ns  in  1860  con.aan,ng  a  popuk,.o„  of  o,„  ■  ^  ^^, 
10,000.  nnrquits  of  the  great  mass  of  our  peo-  H   f*^  A^m  i 

j'::lr^r:^^^^%^^^^^^  producing  and  000.2; ■  :^oJr,. 

Fw3  i  thiv  are^popularly  termed,  necessarily  imphes  the  exprna-l 
S  of  ;h?S«rpn&ucts  of  each.     The  western  farmer  has  no  home 
turn  ot  me  surplus  uiu«  surplus  of  all  his  neighbors  13 

demand  for  ^^!7%^L^^^^^^^  the  district  in  ^hich  he 

the  same  '\^'^;  J^^^§ZXd  a  consumer;  and  the  producer  fora 
^  ^:Z\:oiCrtol^rC  all  the  various  articles  that  enter  into 
sumlar  reason  is  o     u  .^    ^     ^j^es  not  immediately  supply ;  and 

rrerasThrma^^kerfrour  agSultural  products  lie  either  upon  d 

e^rer^e  verge  of  the  country,  or  in  Europe,  the  greater  P'^^ f  °»J.  <^<^Uv,iue  at  market 

mTstic  co.^merce  involves  a  through  movement  oi  nearly  aU  the  arfcfeK^^^  from  i 

"  of  which  it  is  composed.  _-    ^nvprnpnt  as  will  he  tlwH^-^*' -^ 

In  older  countries  this  necessnty  of  distant  movenient,  as  will  l>eth«     ^ 

in  oiaer  i-uuiu.i  o  ,    .       1  "L    .j^g  existence  of  a  great  vanety  oM":""" "' 

case  m  this,  m  \^™^' ^^^f'^?^^^^^^^^  directly  to  each  clasBj-f -d- 

nrriinations  in  the  same  aistnci,  wuiou  ^"ii'j  j  ^■M..ao d< 

Upon  tne  avera{,e  j  considered  as  a  suflScieiitl^:-?; °° 

16  cents  per    «"  Pf.,'?'^^^^^  Estimating  at.the  sametii»"f do 

correct  estimate  tor  the  wnoie  couimv  o   Vf  7,1  rents  m^P"™ do 

Sxe  value  of  wheat  at  SI  50  P^^,  ^ushel  and  co^^^^^^  ^^ 

ear^A  road  as  an  avenue  to  market.  riilroads  at  thcraB?"''" do . 

But  we  find  that  we  can  move  propertyYnra.lroad^^^^  ^ 

LMtivelv.    AtthelimitofthecconomioiJmoTementoribeKarM™  • 

^ae^c—highway,by.heu»eof railroads  w^^^^^^ 
«i4  60  and  com  $22  27  per  ton,  which  sums  r«»f*™™'!;.     ",  ,»..4,...      j„ 
.      Jicnurimal  increase 'of  value  created  byUie  .n,erpos,non  "f '«.j..;:;::^;;; 

a  work.  ^P-™) do.. 

•  ■•••<'o do.. 

•jo do.. 

'•jqg..^..,.do^, 

•*> do.. 

•'f do.. 

"•.....do.. 


!»iu  j.'*iti.J  <,>     I  . 


'Mi  Doc. 

ltd  over  tfie  ordinary  road.  ^   fransportatum  by  railroad^ 


Transportation  by  rail- 
road. 


Value  at  market 

1 10  miles  from  market 

J20..(lo .do 

|30.,do ..do 

|4fl.,do .do 

m.Ao do. .. 

|60..do do 

p..do ^ido 

|8ll..do. — ..do 

.do. . . . .  .do 

.do do 

|l>..do do \ 

O.-do do 

Oo do 

l^-.do do. 

•do do . 

K..do......do. 

.do do 


■•ll'. 


>!■ 


Im 


mi 


i.J^ 


(.4 


V 


k 

r 
1 

^            <•*    ,1 

H.  Doc.  18ft. 

The  value  of  lands  is  affected  by  raUroads  in  the  safiie  raUo  as  thek  I 
ine  vaiue  m  «"«*  navigable  water-course,  or 

jproduct,.    For  ^nstance,  lands  ^y^S  "P^     ^^  ^.J^h,  for  the  culture  of 

^\'^'roO     trtX^erage  crop^S  e^stimated  at  22  bushels  to  the 
wheat,  $100     Let  ^^^  averag        f  ^^.^  ^^  ^^^^  ^^.^  ^^^^^  ^^^^^ 

rl8•,;falls^hrne?pr^^^^^     This  quantity  of  wheat  (two-thirds  of 
*1°  per  acie  as  LUC. m  „  ^^    {•  j^q  ^^jj^g  p^^  mile.orl 

rfThfchlST^  »l"  «>  -  .he  net  Profi.  of  Unfu^rJ 

tral'SlS«^n..ro  t'lC  a*^u„"  a?;rg  *e  J^t^ 
actual  creauouMi         _  calculation  may,  of  course,  be  applied  witi^ 

*'„Kr;  Jy  Xr  and  and  species  if  proper^. ,  TJe  'L J 
equal  loice  lu  ai  j  •     •  ,    entirely  correct  in  itself,  but  of  couisJ 

given  ^^^^^^.tfiX^Pet  the  facts  of  each  case.    Vast  bodies  J 
i1'fiV;st'ran"fnteUrersfa;s,a^^^^^^^ 

Sible  wate^^^^^^  are  unsaleable,  and  nearly,  if  not  quit«  valuelesl 
fr  he  culture  of  wheat  or  corn  for  exportaUon,  from  the  cosLof  traj 
lor  ine  cuiiuic  ui  ^netanrea  far  exceeds  the  estimate  m  tt 

™,taoo„    v,h.ch  m  manj  ci  cTm"™-,  products  are  often  fedo«L 

w5«fm,d  converted  into  higher  valufs  which  wiU  bear  tra^J 
ave  stocK,  <uiu  v,w o  .  jjg,.    lands  are  tund 

irrXtsuch  cases  the^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 

'^%Mr?oSiffr25cens^^^^^^^^^ 

Tw'jf  be^:e::^hafat'^^^^^^^^^  i-  value  is  eaten  up  byi 

^TthuXn^i!:'"^^^^^^^^^^  country  actually.add  to  tbehn. 

In  tins  ™^°^^;  ^"V     ig  b„  the  saving  effected  in  the  expenses 
f'^'USnlo  a  mff^afer  extent  than  cost.    We  axe,  therefJ 
^"rd^ger  from  TmbarfSsment  on  account  of  the  construction] 
Ws  cS  for  by  the  business  wants  of  the  community,  as  these  d 
Imes  cauea  lor  oy  ^^^^^^    Only  a  very  fl 

Ps  r^q^ired  to'en^le'a  railroad  to  r^  its  cost  of  construe 

"^RSSs^tr  United  States  exert  a  rnuch  greatey  nfluence  J 
♦  J  viSLof  property,  than  in  other  countries.    Take  England  lor 
Wf  TtrSo^d  may  be  built  without  necessarily  incr^.nd 
ample,    i  "^^  .       ^g^     f    pjtfticular  interest.    Every.iart 

L  rn/anTCsCs^htTa  ma^^^^^^  Large  cities  are  to  bo  fo  J 
Srer?  pan  of  the  island,  which  consume  the  products  of  the  d^ 
^very  Pj^  °|  " ,       .        ^i^^  gpot  where  they  are  raised.    mv\ 

Sf  r^ks  to  market;  consequently  they  maybe  of  no  advant^ 
Aetoer  li^S  upon  thei/  lines.    So  with  many  branche  of , 
fe^tu^^r  The"!  estabUshments  may  be  situate^  »nimed^ately 
tdlw^Ier.  and  as  the  fabrics  are  --^ly  ^^ed  /^^/^^  :■ 
Suown  upon  railroads  in  any  event    Such  works  mayeiu 


H.  Doc.   136. 


ass 


Si^j^S'^aToS^^^  in  adding  to  the  value 

beparallel,  were  the  farmer  in  the  neiJhV^tl.  7  r  t"?""  countries  would 
'  toSd  everything  he  could  rle  to  ffion  ?nr  "^^'^P^^^  ^o^PeHed 
Baaufacturing  establishments  so  far  from  th.^^  ^  "^""'^^^^  **'"  ^«^«  ^^eir 
m  iheir  value  would  be  sunk  bdbrnhl  IT-'T?''  ^^  '¥"^  goods, 
bveinthiscountiywhaUsequivaSrtom!^^^^^^^^  r^^cKedf  We 

iGreat  Britain,  in  good  order  and  well Tnffr"".^  establishments 
Lofl,  that  will  product  bountifully  ?brTeLwi,t/°'  ''^'^""^^«'  ^  ^^^^^ 
Allthat  the  farmer  has  to  do  is  icaltllZfi'''  T^''°"  ""'  ^^^ssing. 
Lbundant  crop.  The  only  thTnrwamL.fo  ''^  'r  f "  ^"^  ^«  ^«4 
isniarkets,  or  t|.eir  equivalents,  raS?  S.;.h        ^"^*^"''  Prosperity 

The  actuaO^fereale  in  the  vXe  of  1.    r     i^"'"'  ''^^'^^^  ^«  them. 
'  ndlroadS^mntrolled  W  so  manv  i  "      /""  ^«  V^«  construction 
imate^cao.oely  be  appro^ximated^nH    '""•""''  '^'''  ^"^  ^^^"^ate 
,rtof\e/act.    NotoSfyTrrclv.^iT"1  ^"  ^^^^  ^'^^^'^^  fall  fax 
lying  immediately  u^  Se  routo  . ff  ^f^  ,^«'  ^"d  city  and  village 
./hundreds  and  tlTouSnd   of  S^  dS^nt  '  Tl  '\''^\-^^-^^n 
!rtas  much  influence  in  advancW  thp  ^f         }      f^^^^^dsof  Ohio 
«yof  New  York,  as  do  the  roads  lvinl\?r'  °f  '""i  P^^P^^J  i"  the 
ishow  how  very  imperlct  everv  ?7'''""  '^'''  ^'^'^'     ^hisfact 
die  farming  lands  of^tl^  pLti^"^^^^  "^"^^  J^^'     But  taking 

.the  influence  of  such  aCSn  be  I^  'T''^"^  ^^  ^  ^^o^^T 
doubt  that  in  such  case  the  increatd  v7'^  -^''""'^y  ^"""'  '^^'^  ^^ 
^  the  cost  of  the  road,  ifis  estSted  W  fh ''  •'"'?.^  '""'^  greater 
theNashviUe  and  Chattanoo/a  Sofd\at%r-^^^'"' Pf  ^^"^^"^ 
a  bek  of  land  ten  miles  wirln    K^n  .   ^  increased  value 

dtoatleast  $7  60  pS acre  or  jfeT"  "^"'^  ^f "  ^^  ^^s  line,  is 
'W only  about  S2^,OoSp;rlile  '  tL^^^^^^        "^'^f  o^'road,  which    . 
emits  influence  upon  refd  nronprfi  of  ^^  'Already  created  a 

=ost.     What  is  trrofThrffiit^''.Tt''""'^""^fi^«^ 
...ally  80.  probably,  of  the  average  of  roll    1  ^''^^^""^S^  '^"^^^  i« 
hbeheved  that  the  constrSon^of  h.iK     throughout  the  country. 
W  of  Ohio  will  add  to  S  value  of  ,hp  1    '?  S*"""'""^  '"^^^  «*"  '"ai 

N^etimes  the  cost  of  the  roads  ass^^^^  '^'  ^'^'^ 

Ndition  to  the  very  rapid  advance  tn^hT^      r?  ^e. 160,000.000. 

MOhio  are  stimulaJng  theZwt  ^0^" V  ^^^T"^^  '•'^"'^^'  ^he 
>%,  so  that  there  is  mucnreat^rnriKir ''''',  ""'"^^  extraordinarjr 
te  wiU  be  exceeded.  Cnofre?cLTbv;  "^  '^'"'  /^"  ^^^^«  ^^^ 
left  to  estimate  in  his  matter  In  fh;  Z  '^'^^T'i  ^^^''  ^^  ^« 
^tts,  T^hat  is  conjecture"  nreiard  to  th.  ""^ 'J'""  ^'^^^  °^  ^f«««a- 
«ne  a  matter  of  history.  xKuation  of T.  «^'"''  ^^^^  ^'^'^  her 
•to  I860,  from  $29dfoOO,000  to  So  oJo  0^0^?  ^'"^  "?'  ^^^ 

^ia  rek^eZfoX   f  lanltvTid  ^/^  ""^T«  ^^^  -^"-^ 
»donotbyanymeaM  mvp  tL  ?  to  agriculture;  but  such 

„  An  acre  ofTrS^TlaTc^aTZ^?^^'  'f^^^''^^^^"  °f  ^^^ 

1  annual  inccaje.    aS  ac?e  of  ^i^nf   ^  '^  ^  ^"^^  *°  3^*^^  only  a 

M^.    An  acre  of  coal  or  iron  lands,  onthe  other  hid, 


•  .'-  ^    vj*;: 


■'■;: 


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*,; 


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'    fit.    '♦W'     r-f.-   - 


"1'         *•     ■ 


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H.  D«c.  I3il. 


J  e^^A  mnrc  in  value  than  the  former.  These 
„^y  produce  a  ^^^^^if^XXrw^^^^  a  railroad.  WiA  on, 
deposites  may  ^f  J^^'^^Yain  U  worth  one,  two,  three,  or  four  dollars, 
every  ton  of  ore  hey  con^'}^  ^^^.^  ^he  coal-fields  of  Pennsylva. 
as  the  case  may  ^e-  Jf^^^^nt  ^y  from  them,  in  all  the  agencies 
nia.  The  ^^1"^  ^^ 'Hr^  ffKnd^l  calculation.  Upon  thTs  arti- 
it  is  called  upon  to  P«  fo"^' 3^^^^^^^  and  our  govemmentand 

cle  are  based  our  J!^"^^^^""^^^^^^^^^^       in  their  various  relations  and 
merchant  «teamshms,  represcn^^^^^  ^^.  ^^^^^^^^    without  coal 

ramifications,  equal  to  thousana^  oi  ^^^^^  ^^^^  a 

it  is  impossible  ^oc^^''^:,^:oSdA-ye  been  from  ou?  present 
as  a  people.^o  entire  yditterm^^^^  manufacturing,  nor,  conse- 

condition.    Neither  oycornmer^^^^^^  ^^^^^^^  ^^J 

quently ,  our  agricultural  i^^er^'^^'^^^Ji^e     Yet  all  this  result  has  beeJ 

iver  to  their  P-^f  ^^^-^'T  and  cSs^n  Pennsylvania,  which  hav3 

achieved  by  a  few  railroads  and  canal«;"^^^^^  y^^^         ^ 

not  costover  $50,000,000.     >Vt  ^^^    ^j^^^^^  ^j^^^  , 

into  thftjjr  York  ""^'^^tnvaUable  either  fer  ordinary  fuel  or  as  i 
could  nlKve  been  made  '^-^^t.le  ^^^^^  ^^  ^^^      J.^^  ^^ 

ruXimKt:  relultrhte^U  effecteMh^^^^^^^  ^rmer  .e  co. 
Sly  lost  sight  of  in  the^^^^^^^^^  J 

What  IS  true  of  ^^e  Pennsyivan  ^.g^^^^  ^f  Alabamftmayl 

others  to  a  greater  or  less  extent-     Lnec  ^  ^^  ^ 

made  to  bear  the  same  relat  on  to  th^  Gu»  ^^^^^^  Pehnsylvania  to  f 
factmres  l^l^^.^^^.^'Jii^ol;^^  become  the  s^t  of  abater  a 

^^:£^^  a:;l;it  and  magnitude  to  the  eoal-fid| 
that  slope  toward  the  gulf. 

INCOME    OF   OUR   RAILROADS. 

sidered  is  the  income  of  *ese  works.  .^  ^^ach  they  eid 

As  both  the  income  of  our  roads  and  Jhe  mnuen  ^  . 

in  increasing  values,  must  b«ar  a  close  re^^^^  to  e^  H 

that  have  already  been  estabhshed  n  '^fe^^'^^^/^^^^.    The  vd^ 
'^t;.:^:^n'Z^"^^^'y^^^'  a  very  large  .^j 

"^SJtroother  country  in  the  wld  -here jm^'lti? 

labor  produces  an  equal  ^^^^f  freight  f^J^'J     ^  ^^^ 

~  OtWTeaiHHt  i6,  that  the  grent  '^'^^f  "Xe^^^ngsgng^Afe^  j 

character,  of  very  low  compaxaUvev^uej^^^on        B^j^gh^ 

products  of  the  soil  and  ^^''^f'.^^^X^lr^n  wJat  are  at  F'f 
Soods,  labor  being  more  P^^ofi^ably  emplyeci  up  ^^  ^  ^ 

Ue  appropriate  objects  of  '^^""'"^'J^l^'cosi,  iron,  live  ^ 
carried  upon  railroads  is  grams,  «%°"' f£ice  between  the  ^ 
Mid  articlw  of  a  simUar  chaxacter.    The  ditterence  p« 


J,       '    t'^**     Uiltol^'iJiL  ,t  J 


H.   Doc.  13a. 


369* 


of  a  pound  of  raw  and  manufartnwj  ^^** 

1  doll^yet  both  imy  paJTe  saS,^  ''f  «^n,easured  frequently  bv 
<A  and  lumber,  5iyy7ve^  w""l  f  *'''^'^*-  ^heat,  fo^ 
yam  to  their  values.  ^     ^^  '"'"  ^«^  transportation  in  pS 

Again,  for  the  wdnt  of  domestic  market,  th.  . 
rfoarunportant  products  involves  a  Mr^^^A  trL       '^^'^^^'^^  «f  many 
JBtance,  a  cotton-prod  ucine  State  UkeE-'P^"^^'""-     Take,  for 
Lust^  of  this  Stite  is  engVdfn  the  fuTt  v 'F''  r^u'-^^^^  ^^^«  ^^^ 
I  te  immense  amount  produced  no  nart ^^^     '^"  ,°^  ^^'^  ^^'"ticlo.     Of 
Sale.    The  entire  staple  goes  abroff  but  aTr'"^  ^'  "'^^  ^"^in  tlS 
Itbepeople  is  confined  to  tEe  production  ofnZ!'  T^^S«*^  ^"^ustry  of 
l^dcles  entering  into  consumptbn  ^us^be  T;^ '^^^^^  ''  ^^"«^«  thafall 
Icbmnels  dirough  which  the  cotton  oS  State T/  f  /  '°  '^''  '^^^  the 
iTatoeor  tonnage  must  be  imported  as  hp  ?.  l^*"  '"'^''^^t'  ^n  equal 

Im.  of  an  inward  and  outwS  move^ent^  "F  ^t   ^^^«  «^^«2ty, 

LsuqJus  agricultural  product.TsTeSt^n"?i'\'^  '^^^^  ''""'  of 

Isoaeof  the  reasons  of  \he  We  reSl^f      ^^^  ^^"'^^^  States,  and 

l^ca^,  it  is  equally  true  thaTnewHetUed  To^^''  .  ^^^^  ^his  is 

ieo  supply  a  larger  amount  of  traSc  !han    '  n  7'  "^  ^"""^ly  will 

.nodoubt  that  an  equal  amount  ^kbt  w^S'  T'    7^"^^  «^" 

jmuchcorn  and  wheat  in  lUinois  a/jn  Mo  Produce  four  times 

U living  in  the  former  wS contr  L^rr^^"'""''  ^«««<^quenUy, 

UaraSroad  as  one  in  the  E     !„  S"'  •'"'"l^  ""^^  busl- 

^that  the  transportation  of  lumber  "nir^^  }^^  '°^^'  "  o^en 

..three  years  thr  agriculturlrp^r^St;  ^^^^^i  ^l^;,/<:, 

1^^?^^^  ^  country  is 

iBtera  States  only  one  year  is  frenn^ntK  •     ,    ^®  soudiern  and 

R ^hich  m'ay  be^^en'^^e tHal^nrnd  for^r ^  ^^  ^^ 
(W  The  amount  raised,  and  conseouenLfr  ,S:  series  of 

-rm  the  more  recent  than  hiX  Cr^  ^?  J^'P^"''  ''  "^"ch 
,  I7'  In  the  more  recenrtnl_.»i  ^i  ®^"led  portions  of  the 
^s^inbothcasrsl^re  aU^in/?""^-""  oHnhVbitants  being 
k  iact  that  there  is  no  dStv  "f  Irt'T'  ^-^^^^  ^«  ^rea^^ 
^supply  fron,  a  limited  3  neST.C'^'^^  ^"  older  com- 
ft  that  enter  intoconsumptioni^  3  ^''l  S'^''"?  necessaries 
l^anportedfromdist^tmarkt^^l^^^^^^^^^^ 

«3  in  these  works  havTirXS^vM?^/"'  .^^^  ^^  ^*^«"lt.    In- 
ly of  the  incident^  KSo^*^^?  ^  ^'''''  ^^turn.  inde- 
^rates  of  interest  nrevShXruXuffh^^'^  '^'""^  *^«°  ^« 
with  the  roads  of  Massif  thn  it *'°""''y:.  .®"^^  « 


^abccn ^ried  ^  the^eafa^^Sni.  f^u^  m  which  .^i^ 
^ .  and  amongst  which  wi^rS£l^?^^^^  ^"^  "^^^^  cost  the  most 
"luctive  lines.  ^  embraced  a  number  of  expensive  and 

['^^tl^Z\?Sf^t  4X:f  ^'f  r™«'  «»^o-  the 
fmm  to  January  1,  i^i ;       "^'^^^  "^  tins  State  for  four 


.    i\l£S^t'M.<W»,4.  I 


ill 

m. 

i 

mm 

IK 

mn 

H 

IB^^H 

1 

Si 

»    » 


1$ 


^j  Or  Doc  13§. 

«»''•                                                     .     ^^  Exp«niM.       Income 

TMW.                                    •16  777  009  $3,284,933  $6,067,164 

1848 •  •  •  -  •  •tiS  566  3  410,324    6,300,662 

1850 ;;•;.    f6;S6,083  4>2,847     7.287,342 

V  \  -,rnl   pvnensivc    works  opened  too 

The  above  table  in^^^f^^.X^  business,  and  of  course  presents 

recentlv  for  the  ^^y^S^l^^ofte  productiveness  of  these  works 

a  much  more  ""f^^^'^jt  J  average  for  a  longer  period. 

than  would  be  shown  by  an  averag  ^^  ^^^^3  ^re  those  connecting 

The  most  F?ducUv«ll^^?e  Jtow^^^^^  the  most  unproducUve 

the  manufacturing  and  «>"^^J^™- Xro^  interests  for  support.  The 
Te  SSe  depending  upon  ^^e  «gr^£g  for  export!  on  tL  contrary, 
r^iculture  5  this  State  ^pl^*  'irSfpend^u  other  and  distant 
iSre  is  hardly  a  town  t^at  doe^  »"t      I  ^^^^  io^portarit  articles  of 

portions  of  the  ^f'^^^S^^^^L.^l  wanted  for  consampUon  in  the  .n. 
W     The  smaU  surplus  raisea  is  ^  ^        ^^  ^^  manufaclu- 

Wiate  nei^hborhoocf  of  prj^ucuon  Jh^re^^  ^. .  property  upon  New 
Srig  estabUsliments  upon  ^J^o^t^'^^^^  ^^  comparative  unproducUvene. 
Fn-land  roads  is  hmited,  and  hence  m  f  ^^^^^^^  g^^^^^  „,,^i 

o  "^vJhat  may  be  ^^r-^^l^^;^ttot^  of  a^icultural  prcxlactsk 
sources  of  busmessinake  up  tor  tnc  .^  productive.    In  h\ 

transTwrtation,  and  the  aggregate  in         _    .  i^rgc  surpliisl 

SSfand  -esteni  Statesjic^-^^^^^^  ,,,,  fo,  J 

for  exportation,  ^^"'^^^"8/;^'  tern  roads,  either  from  agncut^ 
portauSi  than  is  supplied  ^^^^'^^^of  the  former,  how  eveMvil  n«J 
^Manufacture,  or  commerce.   The  cosm  ^nd  as  the  rates 

^  the  average,  '^W.  """-^^^^'^'J^and  if  anything  higher  upon  4 
charges  are  pretty  uniform  "1^",^*'  .^^  roads,  the  revemuis  of  tM 
"Sem  and  W  tbaj  "F"  ^^^^^^^^^^ter  tha^  the  latter.  ^M 
former  must  of  course  be  ^  ^'^y  "f^.V"  ^^^g  results,  both  from  a  larrf 
he  fact.  The  greater  ^ncome  oMhe  on^J^^^_^^  .^  -d-P^^^^;^a 
traffic,  which  the  ^^^t^^'^-P^Ss  inproMrtion  to  the  costofthej 
^d  from  the  higher  f  ««£i^f,X^^^  Tthe  country.  NumH 
Bpective  lines  of  t>e  two  different  s^u  ^^^  ««T^^" 

iSustrationsof  this  tact  might  be  re«myb         t^^^than  those  of 
Cleveland  and  Columbus  road  »^^}^.,^i,"e8pecUve  hnes,  thought 
Hud^n  river  since  the  opening  f^^^^^o^.OOO,  while  the  lattej 

S;^S  is  onlv  135  miles  J^^^^^^^ 

144  mBes  and  cost  tl"'"""'""";'  :.,  command  a  much  IMP'  ™ 

wMtcm  and  routhem  roads.         •  -        I 

■A  ■    ■      '  ■ 


ff 


H.  Doc.  136. 

MODE    OP  CONSTRrCTION. 


8ST 


Byfarthegreatcr  number  of  our  in  A    • 
oftfo  oountiy-in  our  agricultural  SSs^^r^^^re  in  the  interior 
,imountof«cc«««to,rfcap"talequaltoSS^  '?«t  possess  an 

tothesupport  c>f  a  railroad  may^st  withom  ^  ^"''"^««  adequate 

T  ea)nstrucUon  of '  a  railroad^  too  e^SeT,^^^^ 
jjch  promise  a  naurh  g^-eater  rectum   KT/rf'-^°' ^™^^ 
I  "^«'  t^^'^f^'-^'  "ur  people  are  disi^oi,    to  i.,.L^  '"  '"^''  "■  ^^o^k. 
«cnfice  to  secure  a  rail^id.  they  pE  and  in  f    .  -7"'^  reasonable 
for  their  interest,  to  borrow  a  portion  nf'tV.  '""^^  ^^'"^y  fi"d  it  more 

inv«,ttbe  whole  means  directl/h  fhe  prc^ect'"°Tr^  "'l"^'-^^'  '^an  [^ 
to  secure  the  cooperation  of  foreign  capS  ]  *  J- "?^  "??  !^««er  afford 
fonts  use,  than  to  embarrass  thcmselv^i  bv  ^  nV  "^  *"«^  premiums 
ment  of  too  large  a  proportion  of  their  own  m..§''  I'"^™«"e»t  i"vest- 
facts  sufficiently  expi-un  the  reasons  why  thoT''""'  •'""^"^-  These 
abkportion  ot  the  cost  of  our  road    has  b^^com^'r'"^  "^  ^  -«"«ider> 

Ityonly  bytheco-openuion  of  en,  italists T^'-  "'"^^^^^^  ^  rule. 
having  no  interest  in  tl/e  collateral  aJvufr?'^'"^  ^^  ^  distance,  and 
k^tniajonty  of  our  works  could  LveCS^r  '?  '?'^?^^'  ^^^^  »he 
ImoDey  was  furmshed  slowly  and  rM,..;  ^  '<'""^*r"cted.  In  the  outset 
UunquesUoned, security?^  A.  tl  e  '^^^V"^"^'  ^^-"  °%  "Pon  the 
Ijely  and  productiveness  of  these  vesTi^.  J''S/'^  ^^nionstme  the 
■A-ded,  and  became  less  exactin  r  J.i  •/  l-'^PP'^'"'^  ^^'■''*  more  freely 
Nnthata  confidence  in  til";"  "?^  The  result  ht 

2>tal.  has  become  general,  not  JnK  in  'iS  'n     f '  "\'"^"^^^^'"^"ts  of 
Bid  companies  whose  irieans  nnd  ,  •  •      *-"""fry,  but  in  Europe- 

to^editlfind  no  diffic^l  y  i^ loSi^^''^^" '''^'--^■^^  entldeS 
«  of  their  roads,  Jviili  whcrtrL'h?'' ";,"'''''  ^"'"  "P""  ^^^ 
iSl'^^r^^^d  Ibr  our  roads  in  ,  >™i^  :  '^'^■'"\-  ^he  {.mount 
110,000  per  mile.  The  aencral  r  ,,=!  ^  averages  from  $5,000  to 
hesought-to  be  borrfw/d  shairbc  fivT^"'- f-  '^''''  ''^  «"'"  ^qud  to 
W  A  road  that  .wiuCi  $io^oS  2''^'"'  "'  '^^""'•^^  ^"^  co^? 
KDt  secunty  for  a  loan  of  $lt,o5o  per  „K  '"'^V'  ^°"«'d«cd  as  suf- 
N  wiU  not  much  exceed  the  former  nm  ?h  *  t'  '^''  "««^  «^  ^^^ 
pralniKconsideredsolarfieas  rrr-w^  ^•■'"^'"  ^«  not,  as  a 

hvestrnent,  on  account  of  The  n  S  '"  ^^^  ««^^^3^  «f 

I  fills  rule,  which  estahi;<!h/.<.  ti.„      *'        .^  ^^  ^"^  loan.  "^ 

hed  in  the  coustt^t^ZTc.^St:t  ^"  f,^  T^«  ^^  those 
^.thebest  advamageof  both  parSe       Th.  T"  f  ^^"[^^^1  to  pro- 

Nrequisite  for  construction  an.lTn  n?^i       u- "!?''  one-half  of  the 
^fe«e  the  mad,  is  suS  '  e^fdencft^t  t .["  ""  •^'^"^^  «"«^  *- 
Jle,4e  construction  of  s^ich.  wo^^^TuSd  L  f  "^'"'^"•°*'  ^"^'^ 
!?■  _  mP '"t^^«t  they  ha^  in  it  J««5i  «     SL- ^  '^  prospective  bu«i- 

fc^^^^^Wfbll/arS  p^ul^J^ 

fjand at  stake  di/estsVproiee^^^^^  T  ^^^^^  ^moun? 

[advantages  and  success  r«.  n?f  i  -T^^'^fl/^'c  features.  Wherfl 

hally  Wd  W  sums      t[^  contingent,  prudent  persons  Jo 
fc«  of  safety.  Zh^mm  thloha^t'I  ^-'therefb?:,  J  th^' 
»^ve  mcome  and  proper  m^rg:^^'^  °^  ^^«  Pro>ct  and  it* 


',        -l 


c. 


'v1* 


*i.'  P  ■  ^ 


:•*  '' 


f. 


[4* 


e-' ', 


i 


i«5i 


5^,*1.-. 


388 


H.  Doc.   I8fi» 


j-.=  fnrnished  bv  municipal  bodies 
It  is  on  this  account  that  t^e  credjt^^^^^^^^^  ^^     ^^  [„ 

for  the  construction  of  railroads  ^«"^^  community  may  be  in- 

cases.    Individuals  m^kmg  i^P  the  ag      b       ^^  ^  t,     feen  they 

duced  to  vote  ^^e /Jf 'l?^"*  ed  to  v^^^^^^  '^^^  ^^"  ''^P^''^  '"  'r  '"'"f 
£v  no  means  could  be  mduced  to  ve  ^^^  ^^^  consummauon  of 

cess.     In  this  manner  f  °Jf,^,^!^'"^^^^'ercia^  and  pecuniary  cons.dera- 
Xcb  are  not  justified  by  the^ejm^^^^  ^^^^  r^ 

tions,  which  are  tiie  0"^^.  f  *^.f"'Sses,  and  their  construcUon  shoud 
road;  are  purely  ^or^^';^^ ^^  k\^.  of  conduct  that  control  the 
be  made  to  depend  "Pf '^^.^^^^^^^^      xnanufacturing  estabhshments. 
buildmg  of  ships,  or  the  ^^ecuon  01  ^^^.^  ^^  y^^  ^^^^^^^  ^^ 

The  safety  of  the  securities  ^^^J^f  ;J^^^^^ 
froracompLisonoftheearnm^^^ 

to  meet  the  interest  on  the  loans.     A  b^  ^^  ^^^^^  accordmgto the 

$1^00  per  inile,  it  ^""^^X^ngTnterest.  But  the  net  earnings  ol 
rates,  annually,  to  «^«^\t?  t^^  e  tl^is  amount,  Icavmg  for  dmder,  s 
Zv  new  projects  more  ^^f "  f^t  p^^  on  loans.  I^hat  such  ^ill  k 
on  stock  a  sum  equal  to  double  that  P  .^^  ^^,^^  ^re  concemd. 

the  result,  as  far  as  our  ^^^^'^^^,^,  abundance  of  money  sha^  have 
for  some  years  to  come,  till  a  S^^^\^  competition  of  new  works  shall 
fowered  tie  rates  «\ -^^edtr  persons^and  property,  there  cai,not 
have  reduced  the  rates  cliai„e  t  ^  ,   , 

be  a  doubt.  .  ,  s  and  net  earnings  of  several  of  oui 

'    Below  is  given  a  Jf^e  c^^'^g^^^  ^^^e  Uiat  are  now  commg  m 
new  roads,  and  of  the  ^ame  , 

market  for  money : 


Total  earnings,  as  J 
par  last  report. 


•Clevel^d  and  Columbus j  $341,680  96 

Litde  Miami..-----. 211,63137 

Columbus  and  Xenia 1,100,043  00 

Michigan  Central  -•---■.- 386,078  80 

Madi&n  and  Indianapohs p«  ' 

For  six  months  only. 


Net  earning*. 


$339,969  28 
297,467  57 
160,055  58 
461,364  80 
185,080  60 


PtrikI 


3,511 


■        Co^t  of  Bnilroads  in  the  United  States. 

•    »i,«  QtntP^  of  Massachusetts  and  m 

With  the  exception  of  those  -  the  ^^^^^^^^^^^^^      roads.    Thejj 

^nr]L  it  18  difficult  to  get  at  the  ^^^^^    -^  hv  law  to  returotoihl 

lorit,  »-»«  7-  ^    fitat^¥  Twancd  »tf«  requuw  >f  V^  „  -tain  the  co*| 

X  "ond,.  re«.rt  mu.t  be  M  »  *»  p        ^^  ^  ^^      ^J 


'_»' 


H.  Doc.   136. 

h  may  be  hero  stated  that  it  is  in  the  dowp,-  nf  ,t  ,      ^^ 

mt  to  supply  the  lack  of  informatbn  wh^lTn  ^"^  ^^"^"^  S°^«"^- 
ace  to  our  railroads,  by  requirW  all  rom^  ^'^'f "'  ^*^«'«  i"  refer- 
ee made  for  transportaW  of  Z  ^nl?^  '  ^''^'  ^^"""^  ^^"tracts 
Department  fuUan?  accurate  sSLCnt  ^°  ^^^  ?««*  O^*^^ 

expenses,  &c.,  &c.  Such  returS  madl  t  .  ''°'''  '"'^•'"^^'  <^«bts, 
be  exceedinriy  advantageous  T  man v„nLf  T^"""  '"^""^^'  ^^'^d 
show  amiuafly  the  extent  to  wik.h  tlSe^wo  Ltr^'-  •  ^t^  ^°"^^ 
income,  expenditures,  mode  of  conductina^hl  •  *'""'^^'  ^h^'''  ^ost. 
The  returns  of  their  business  operates  LSh^  ^''''^''  ^^^  ^' 

ofusefulmformation,in  reference  to  he  inTrni  '^'^  ^  great  amount 
oy,  which  could  be  obtained  from  n„nt^!  commerce  of  the  coun- 
ol^conect  staUstical  knowledge  u^ntr  f  •"'■'^^'-  ^*'^  Sre^^  lack 
dgedby  all;  |.nd  there TeenStoT  no'orh'?'''  !'  H'  ^"^  acknowl- 
corrcctly  than  by  the  one  poin  ed  out  Th  f  "'''^^  "^  obtaining  this 
Ae  existing  information  uSe  subject  of  r'l™'', '""'  ^^  ^""^'^^"g  ^^ 
not  foil  to  exert  the  most  Wfici ,?  Jnfl  °^^^'t°^'*  management,  could 
ever  is  valuable  in  the  exSce  of "  "h"'"^'  ^^  "^'"^'"^  pubhc  what- 

The  cost  of  our  roads  denrnrv  ^o^npany. 

««nt^  through  ^l^ch'lh!rt7irTh^^^^^^ 
,  States  are  the  most  expensivrnot  onlv  r    '^  u   '^^  ^^^  ^"S^^d 
of  construcuon,  but  from  the  heater  co^  n^  ?^  ^^"'^^  ^^^^'^Ity 
IJe  general  surface  of  the  couS^  t  unSvi  hf '  "t  l'''^^'  ^^"^'  ^^ 
adapted  to  these  works  on  gorn7soufh    f^    ?  \  It  becomes  better 
Uera  States,  as  far  south  aTllZl    \      """^^^  ^^^  '^^^^^  of  all  the 
ktl^seofthesouthe^^^^^^^ 

beween  the  roads  of  the  two  sections  of  Vl:         !  '''?^'"^"<^'^  ^  the  cost 
Nlyto  the  items  of  gmdil  br  Zn/      ,T"','^''  ^^"^"^^  P"nci- 
tmaand  lUinois,  tRTt^^titf^ft'  ^""^  ^'°^^•     ^"  ^'^^  States  of 
k  will  not  often  JxceedSW^^^^^^^^  '-^"^  ^'"P^'-t-nt 

Ifcaverage  for  the  same  is  Jbur  m-^ffv.^     '  ''^'^^  '"  ^^^^  <^^«tern  States 
Inlley  consists  of  an  immense  d«fn.'  ^'""T'-     ^^''^^  Mississippi 
lie  easy  construction  o?  a  Si  oS  '  ^Th'"''"^  ^""^  "  ^"^  obstaclesTo 
Ifater  portion  of  tiie  southe^Athmic  «n  l  'rZ  "^""^  ^"^  ^'^^  ^^  the 
■liecountiy,  except  in  the  ciS^^m  W    f  i^"\^  ^^^'^'''    T],roughout 
-ay.  d«pol,  and^stations.  a'Huherj;^  in^V'^^r       '°^  ^'8^'  °^ 
«y  low  cost;  the  owne/s  beini  «nft^^   .1  ^    ^""''"'^y'  ""'  ""^^  ^^  at 
en^advontiges  resulting  frSS^^  """""^^^'  "'  ^^^  --" 

f^  Cr,  Mll&r Lll^'^-^r^  ^'-^'  New  Hamp. 
''Jersey.PeinsylS  and  M.r  ?/•"*'  ^>^^'  I^l'^"^'  New  Yort 
ecost^-thoseXheg^^ 

^■nile.  The  averag^  fo^the  wholnTT*^  ''.r*  ^'^^  from  $20,000 
?ae,  including  fXinlm  ^nd  ""^u^'"  "'^^  ^^^^^^  |30,000 
^^>|ym^.5--BrS'^  their 


1.1, 


,   •,     :■•;»■*-   ■,^-  v.:    !■■  rt 


I, 


*.• 


ation^^ft^^S^^^^WtiHng^ecGssaiy  for  their 
.tl^Powinl^rtaCstf'  °°'  ™^''  completed  and  in 


N- 


•Li.",, J 

■  i 


Fogress,  18,688 J  miles,  at  $20,000  per  mile. 


loua. 


$384,630,000 
8$8,660,Q0O 

637,100,000 


if  -■•  .1 

■ .'  ^ '  *    •  ]' 

1  J.    <•      *  .  A   _ 


.•u'. 


• 


[m 


•■li 


^  H.  Doc.  13^ 

e  VnP  eaual  to  the  whole  number  of 
It  is  believed  that  an  extent  «*J^^    J  ^,^,^^  three  years  from  the 

-Vprob.,He...towhich^  ST'^SSt^^g^ 
.ultimately  increased  xn  «  ^  ^Xf^^  ,,ery  unequa  Uy  d.^tribuied.  In 
lation.  At  the  P;e«9"  ""^  ^/fi^d  one  mile  of  nulroad  to  every. 
Massachusetts    for  instance    wc  ^^^.^  ^^^     j  ^„ ,  ^^ 

six  'square  miles  of  territory.     ^  "^        ,^  ^^e  183,000  miles  of  rail, 
1^;h  these  wofks  are  m  P^^g^^f ' -^^^^^^^^^^^^  the  extent  of  linehr' 

Toads  against  2G.000  mi  es,w^^^^^^  ,^  ^„,ia  give  to  the  S^. 

operation  and  progress  .f  "*^P^^f  ^jjere  are  not  one-halt  of  this  number 

Tohio  nearly  7,000  J^'^^^^'J^ orconicmph^ied.     U^voM  givM« 

•either  in  operaUon,  »"  P["gj;^^^^^^^^         same  amount  to  Virguua.    Botl> 

Illinois  11,000  miles,  ^"^^"^^^^^^        4,000  miles  in  operalum  andpr(. 
ofthesc  States  havo  not  mort.tn. 

gress.  ^,,"    ,he  State  of  Ohio  shoMn^t,  »n  time, 

^There  cim  be  no  reason  wh>   the  ^^^^^^^^     constrmea,  havx  the 

^d  in  fact  as  «oon  as  tf  y  ^^^"^^'^  j,,  proportion-to  its  luea,  as  Mjm. 
^ame  number  ot  mi  CB  of  ^aihoadmp^^po^^^^^  ^^^^^^^^ 

<;husetts  ;  nor  why  the  we^  cn^^  -t  ^^^  ^^^^^  ^j  ^^„„^i,er 

Wisconsin,  Iowa,  and  >I;:^f  V  „  "  ^ed,  as  Ohio.     They  are  ^equally 
mUes  of  railroad,  their  areas  compar     ,  „^,^,,ity  exists  for  tkj 

well  adapted  to  these  works,  .«^"'f  \"  tter  The  only  element  wantingl 
iuct^on  in  the  ^^^^^^^'^m  suppl^ .  population  -J 
to  secure  a  similar  result  is  Umc,  ,^^^^^  ,^      ^^,,„„  ,u 

i^^'^-  f  ,1 ,  State,  above  named  is  equal  to  400  000  ^ 

The  area  of  the  htatcs  '!';'' ,,,:i.™a«,, to  the  same  extent  than 
Jl"  To  supijly  *Tlir  tho^rprc^gress,  would  r.x,uire  SW 
MW  find  in  Ohio,  ineludtng  those. n  p.  .|_^^^^^,^^^,„^ 
X  of  road.    The  same  raXW  tha^  we        ^^^  „,^ 

?  WlrneraSirtrcS^-Sirof  ...ese  ...Uwillr^ 

S'^ualPc  with  their  pop;*«-  ^^  „„,k,  is  weU  she.  ^ 
The  probable  rapid  e^I^n?'™  °',T°!!  states.    In  thoformerlM 
.oi^^nLnofGeorgia^Uhe^^^^^^^^^ 

— -CTatively  «BM>i^«r  ,p^^„p,,ee,  anB^  Kentucky  wiu  ^^^'^  J 
Mississippi,  Louisiana,  ^""^'S  In  wealth,  in  extent,  and  m^^^^ 
vorablv  with  Georgia  m  F^P^'^*""' "L  „eeded  by  the  former  a.s  bj  I 
KwSL.    Railroads  are  just  as  «^«^»^^f  ^  t       would  pay  «]  J 


'*'■, 


V.  Doc.<136. 


t91 


wbereat  least  five  thousand  milea  of  rnilTYiri,?  o,^   u  . 

fornoone  cUn  doubt  that  ndlS  h^  XeZtofn      T  '  n'f  "^^*^' 

asaseful  and  productive  as  tCforGcorS      "^^^^'^  ^e  equaUy 

,   within  reach  of  them.   V  v^  krf  ^nroS^^^^^^ 
#wagoned,or  sent  down^^err?^ers^?t  ^'p^^v    ^^  ^"'"  P'"^'^"*^'^  ^« 
its.    Her  area  is  at  least  dahf'L?^       TT'  tV"<^«"venient 

^  cbusetls.  The  latter  4^  hi  on?  ^r^ffioad  to  ^'''^^  "''*^^- 
dles  of  territory  'The  ^ame  ratio  would  ^^'t^clS 
of  railroad,  equalhne  two^hirds  the  wholo  !:^tLl  Fv^^  '.^^^  ™*^®^ 
&ates.and  to  the  StatesSd  inclm  W  ?  -^V'"!'  '''•'^''  ^""^^ 
.f  390.000  souare  n.ile.,^rt  £ ^^^^^ 
canbe  no  doubt  that,  n  the  States  mmp/)  tZ  Iv.  ^\^^^^^-  There 
are  needed  to  meet  the  inSnedtte  c"n^^^^^^^ 

M  this  extent  of  road  would  find  lucrat.Ve  emT^^en^     ^^^"'  '"* 
..  ft  < 

taMar  Hatmm  showing  }hc  number  of  miles  of  railroad  in  pro^^  and 
.  "i  operanon  m  the  United  States.  ^  ^  ^ 

.  >) 

"'  MAINE. 


RoBd«. 


Androscoggin  and  Keiinebec.'. 

Atlantic  and  St.  LaAVrence-. 

I  Buckfield  branch.  ..\ ]  ]  ] 

Bangor  and  Piscataquis 

Kennebec  and  Porthand ',[ 

Bath  branch i .']_'' 

Portfend,  Saco,  andPortsmoutlK 

Calais  and  Baring; 

Hachias  port. .. . ^ .'."]. 

fork  and  Cumberland  .* 


Mileii  In 
operation. 


coggin.... 

penobscot  and  Kennebec. 


Total 


65 

121 

13 

12 

•60 

9 

fil 

6 

8 

10 

20 


Mile*  in 
progress. 


30 


365 


43 
60 


138 


i    hi  *  ^ 

'    T      "  h 

I,  >,^,  ^0     *    ; 

♦  •  /  ■*     ;     ■! 


"1 


♦  -    *       * 


C""! 


*    i 


m 


H.  J>oe.  IM. 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 


m     — 


Roads. 


Boston,  Concord,  ancf  Montreal 

Cocheco -?--•- 

Concord 

Concord  and  Claremont 

Contocook  Valley 

Great  Falls  and  Conway..  -  -,-  - 

Manchester  and  Lawrence 

New  Hampshire  Central 

Northern -  - 

Portsmoutji'and  Concord •- 

Sullivan 

Wilton ■ 

Cheshire 

Ashuelot 

Eastern 

White  Mountain 


Total. 


VEBMO^ 


»     » 


Bo  ads. 


Connecticut  and  Passumpsic  River 

Rutland  and  Burlington 

Vermont  Central. .,,--. 

Rutland  and  Washington 

Vermont  Valley ^ 

Bennington  branch.- -  ■ 

Western  Vermont .^^ 

Total... 


4%. 


..     ^  j£rfA'  M^i 


IfilMio 

progretp. 


22 


ao 

26 

•    •    ■  ■  •  a^  , 

82 

47 

25 

16 

64 

23 

16 

..^.. 

20 

600 

42 

lies  in 

MnMiB 

iration. 

progren. 

61 

119 

164 

/•■■"*•* 

12 

24 

6 

68 

439 

H*  Doc.   186. 

*WS8ACHU8ETTO. 


JBerkshire 

JBogton and  Lowell ....V, 

[Botton  and  Maine " ''" 

iton  and  Providence. . . "  ] 

Stoughton  branch.. . .".'. 

ton  and  Worcester.. ...  * 

Cape  Cod  branch 

torchester  and  Milton 

1  ~  -  ■  •  • 

.  "*™' 

Em  (Salem  to  Lawrence^ 

fall  River "•••• 

'itchbuig 

'itehbuig  and  Worcester. 

ell  and  Lawrence.. . .    

lua  and  Lowell..   *"" 

Mord  and  TaiinVon. ." ." ." .' '  ] 

'Ik  c£unty .' .'?!."."' " ' 

Cobny  (Boston  to  Plymo'Jth") 
isboro'  and  Shirley  ^ 

field  and  N.  Adams. . ." ' " 
idence  and  Worcester. 

I  Shore 

ly  Brook :._ 

!ni  (Boston  to  Albanvi" 

tester  and  Nashua. . . 

out  aud  Massachusetts""' 
nousatonic  branch 

South  Reading  branch 
"  and  Lowell 

JunctioiT. ]" 

Hanrard  branch ' 

'gton  and  West  C^mbridie" 
Bcticut  River..  *"«e- -  • 

^d  Greenfield...' .'.■;; 

'' Reading  branch."." 

"River  branch. 
andPittsfield.'.    ''" 
Amherst  i;^;—^'^ 

[Total... 


r>f»»t  ^  i,„"4 . 


394 


H.  Doc.   186. 

RHODE  ISLAiro. 


Itoads 


lrSce,Hartfai --i  ^-i*"^" 


Total. 


:i.i.i 


CONNECTICUT. 


Roads. 


Miles  in 
operation. 


62 
Hartford  and  New  Haven  -  -  -  -  -  - 1  j^-  •  -  - '  • "  \        50 

Hartford,  Providence,  and  FishkiU. .  -  - ^g 

Housatonic.  - . .  -  - • .-h     10 

Middletown  branch • •  62 

Naugatuck  ^'^ 


45 
66 


Npw  Haven  Canal '. "*' j'pVlmer I  "" 

New  London,  WilUmanUc,  and  Palmer .    ^^ 

Sew  London  and  New  Haven _ ^g 

Sew  York  and  New  Haven gg 

Sorwich  and  Worcester •--; |  n 

CollinsviUe  branch. - ...1-4 ...,-.-■       . 

Air-line. •  —  ■W,-'''"""'..i.: 24 

Danbury  and  Norwalk - |  lO' 

Middletown  branch  ....---■■ 


Total. 


630 


Roada. 


Miletin 
opentioo. 


17 

J  Albany  and  Schenectady ..--.•-- *.'.'.'.'.'...        38i 

/   Albany  and  West  Stockbridge - gij 

I     Attica  and  Buffalo...-.- " 23 

Buffalo  and  Niagara  Falls j.     33 

1     Cayuga  and  Susquehanna •••-  . 


[ileB  in 
eration. 

Uileiii 
progrew. 

50      

32 

50              3S 

MileBin       Uileili 
operation,     progw* 

62 

tt.  Doc.  136. 

NEW  YORK-Continued. 


iHodson  and  Berkshire 

I  River " * 

*■••••••-.. 

«wiston 

long  Island * 

few  York  and  Erie  ....*' ' 

New  York  and  Harlem ! ! .'  * 

fforthem ' 

Bswegoand  Syracuse..." I  118 

Viisselaer  and  Spiatoga . . ." J  35 

xhester  and  Syracuse. .      ' I  32 

m  and  Washington ..." I  104 

Schenectady.  ] •  -  •  "- I  39^ 


31J 
144 
3 

98 
464 
130 


60 

98 

10 

62 

45 

66 

60 

76 

66 

11 


24 
10' 


630 


MileiiD 

MX 

m 

operation. 

7^ 

1 

17 

1 

;.         88i 

.  •• 

1 

3ii 

,•■ 

I 

22 

•  • 

■ 

33 

r* 

1 

:-^\,'; 

1 

lenectady  and  Troy..'.      "" 22 

lealeles  and  Jordan . . .    \" 20^ 

cuseandUtica 5 

ng V. 63 

Jo  and  Rochester  . .     14 

royaijd  Greenbush ..,'."."  * 76 

i  and  Schenectady 6 

fiertownand  Rome..' 78 

my  and  Northern...!.**." '     •   ^7 

my  and  Susquehanna."."  * 

)and  State  Line.. 

•  and  New  York . . . . . . '  * 

S  Coming,  and  New  Ydrk 

MaiguaandElmira. 

bburg and  Montreal. 

ester  and  Niagara  Fails' .'.'.■■ 

jdandWas^iington ' 

MsHprborandEUisburg." 

f  and  Boston....  ^'  , 

"daiguaandlW^a'p^'s 32 

^7-ndBingiSton..!:' '  ' 

""lyand  Southern..:: 

\Vatertown,  and  Southern 
^^and  Auburn .? 


69 

90 

45 

67 

25 

76 

64 


>ani 


m 


Oiean. . , 


8 


Total. 


^4, 


33 
143 


87 


17 
8 
97 
76 
35 
76, 


2,148i 


100 
75 
53 


874 


•1, 


. .    ••■.  J.  • 

'>       ''  ■      ■ 


' I • >  ill  t . 


K    I 


IS, 


^'*        '6    i'  •*         "  f  r    III   'M 


m 


m 


J£5?E   '^t 


m 


H.  tooc.  "188. 

NEW  jtRSEY. 


BoadB. 


Belvidere  and  DelawaTe..-. 
Burlington  and  Mount  HoUy . 

Camden  and  Amboy 

Morris  and  Essex 

New  Jersey - 

New  Jersey  Central 

Trenton  branch 

Union 


Total. 


HileB  in 
operatdoD. 


15 

6 

64 
36 

ai 

64 

6 

33 


254 


Mfleiig 
progMi. 


PENNSYLVANIA. 


Roads. 


•^1^1 


Alleghany  Portage 

Beaver  Meadow -  - 

Carbondale  and  Honesdaie 

Columbia  and  Philadelphia -  - 

Westchester  branch 

Coming  and  Blossburg 

Cumberland  Valley. 

Hazleton  and  Lehigh 

Little  Schuylkill " 

Extension  to  Tamenend 

MineHiU...... 

Mount  Carbon 

?'hH^iwi:R-di,g-.--dPo»vm;;:;: 

Philadelphia  and  Norrlstown 

Germantown  brail«5b 

=3Sihiladelphi&  and  Trenton •  •  • 

Pbikdefe  Wihnington,  and  Baltimore. 

Schuylkfll  Valley. .  - . .  •  -  -  -  -  -  •  • 

fiumiit  HiU  and  Mauch  Chunk 

Whitehaven  and  Wilkesbarre : .  -  - 

WjUiaraBport  and  Elmira 

Franklin. • 

Pauphin  and  Su«quehanna 


Miles  in 
operation. 


36 

36 

24 

82 
9 

25 
52 
10 
20 

30 

7 

214 

92 

17 
6 

30 


26 
25 
20 
21 
22 
16 


.  .'-.Aiiiiii^-t'JiijijiJl-'t 


& 


no 

•        90  - 

26 

•  •  • 

25 

... 

20 

•  •  ■ 

21 

22 

16 

•  •  < 

H.  I)oc.   130. 

PENNSYLyANlA-Continued. 


801: 


Roads. 


Miles  in    I    MUes  in 
operation.       progresg. 


\ 


isbun 
Ijiens  Valley 
uehoning. . , 

lomRun 

iesterVaIIey.jif..s.  J. 

GiJ^e!""^:. _ ^^^^^^ "^d  Su-squeha^na:. 

er  Meadow 

and  Cumberland ]  *] 

ibury  and  Erie ' ' 

kawanna  and  West'n.  ^...', 

iwissa,  Williamsport,  and*  Erie 

ware  and  Susquehanna. . .        \ 

lelphia  and  Westchester." .'.'.' 

Ivania^oal  Company '// 

Jienv  Valley * " "  _' 

iambia  branch '  * 

Sanover  branch *.*.* ' " 

tand  Wrightsville..".'. 
liter  and  Harrisburg. 


4- 


lurg  and  Steubenville.'." 
'Canal 


TotaL. 


DELAWAHE. 


.  »^  -:'..' -i.^!  ?'  } 


H?  •  '^ 


1 1^^*  i-.~''< 


\: 


!      -  .! 


tf 


*.  '  •:.* . 


ti     » *      .  •'''  (St 


5      f  t 


M_f.' 


^     ; 


and  Frenchtown 
on  branch 


*•  1* 


v.iiJ^i\ 


H,  Doc*  13651 

UASYLAin). 


Boads. 


Miles  in 
operation. 


21 


Annapolis  and  Elkndge _     I  304 

Baltimore  and  Ohio. 33 

Washington  branch - ^ -  3 

Frederick  branch. .  - 57 

Baltimore  and  Susquehanna '       \  ^j 

Westminster  branth 

*                                                                       433 

Total 


Uilub 
prognit 


%\ 


vmanoA. 


Iluadi- 


Richmond  and  Danville 

Richmond  and  Petersburg • ■•' 

Clover  Hill. '"' 

South  Side 

Manasses  Gap-  - '. 

Petersburg  and  Roanoke -^ 

Seaboard  and  Roanoke -  -  -  - 

Appomattox 

Winchester  and  Potomac. . ... ••'■'■••• ' 
Virginia  Central,  including  Blue  Ridge... 

Virginia  and  Tennessee 

Oranse  and  Alexandria •  -  - 

Sond;  Fredericksburg,  and  Potomac. 

Greenville  and  Roanoke • 

Northwestern 


Miles  in 
operation. 


66 
22 
15 
60 

•  •  •  • 

60 

,80 

9 

32 

104 

60 

40 

76 

21 


Tot^. 


624 


PI" 


m 


'.lii'M; 


i..s..<X 


«  -jr. 

• 

1  in       Uilet  in 

don. 

prognti. 

21 

04 

% 

38 

3 

67    t 

la 



133              7S 

">                    > 

lies  in       MilM  a 

sration 

pTOgna 

65 
22 
15 
60 


GO 

.80 

9 

32 

104 

50 

40 

76 

21 


624 


,^*"  -^«  ^yf^ifft 


HfeiDoc.   136L 

NOBTH  CABOLINA. 


Boads. 


and  Raleigh 

nington  and  Weldon .'.,...,', 
1  Gaxolina  Central '.'.'.. \ 

leldon  and  Cleveland 


Total. 


«OUTII  CAROLINA.  " 


Hoada. 


241 


othCarolina. 

nyille  and  Columbia. 

irlotte  and  South  Carolina.'.".' .'  * * " 1  ^^^ 

Mountain....                 ••-I  ,110 

m --....".'.'.'.".''." '-•■•-•I  .     25 

nburg  and  Union...".'.*."],''' '  1^ 

lington  and  Manchester. , 

■  * I         45 

Total. 

599 


>«•«».  n    )    Miles  in 
operation.      progregg. 


16 

60 

117 


193 


GEORGIA. 


Roads 


Milog  in 
operation. 


Miles  in 
progregg. 


191 

land  Western .]/.. *"f  ^'^^ 

I  and  ^lantic. ../.... I  ^^^ 

western \  '.':"*       I  ^*^ 

sknmch....          ' I  ^0 

""■;  80 

and  Westpoi^t . .' ' .' .' .'" * 'j\ '/'         " 1  ^^ 


69< 


kand  Milledgevillo. ' 

\«H)ntv.^..... 

ibrajjch.. 


•'^     ••.••! 


17 


39 


?.'»<^  Pensacola  (^sdmatedH- " "  * " " '  *  'I       ^^ 
"*andPen8acola(estimat4    1 


81 

18 


Total. 


857 


60 
30a 
300 

803 


■-  i. 


V''( 


■  ■ . 


^' '':;.;  ■•,/•  T  t    , 


!.••' 


I    l>^tf&lw^ 


T 

^ 


\ . 

pLOBIDA.    \^ 


Road. 


"'I   gt.  Mark's  and  Tallahassee, 


ALABAMA. 


Roads. 


Montgomery  and  West  Point.  ... 

Mobile  and  Ohio - 

Alabama  and  Tennessee 

Alabama  Central 

Memphis  and  Charleston ■ 


Girard 

Total 


inssiSSIFPI- 


St.  Francis  and  WoodviUe • 

"VickiBburg  and  Brandon 

Mobile  afid  Ohio 

Msnusippi  (Antral 

Canton  and  Jackson -  •  •  -  •-*••• 

New  Orleans.  Jackson,  and  Northern. 


Ifilesin 
operation. 


Mjlesii 
progreti. 


23 


Miles  in 
operation. 


Total-  ■ 


88 
33 
'40. 


Miles  in 
piogrew. 


161 


30 
160 

sol 

2811 
2201 

m 


95 


jCarrdton 

Clinton  and  Port 
Lake  Pontchaitrj) 
MeJtjcan  Gulf. . . 
♦New  Orleans,  Jt 
New  Orleans,  an 


Total....; 


IqM) 

Bay, 

Bra?!( 

• 

ihville  and  Cbati 
*  Tennessee  and 
It  Tennessee  and 

WerandHun 
'  and  Ohio. . . 
*»ille  Soutliem . , 
■^  nviUe  branch. 

total 


27 


% ', ,  .  ■..■i-,(S.4iSi 


-\"      A.      -j 

n 
>u. 

Milealii 
progreM. 

J 

' 

• 

}  in        Miles  in 
tion.     progrws 

88 



^   I>oc.  136. 

LOUISIANA. 


Boulg. 


jCamJton 

Clinton  and  Port  Hudson .."".',.  , 

Lake  Pontchaitrain [         * 

jMeHcan  Gulf. ^. • ' ' 

♦New  Orleans,  Jackson,  and  Northern 

Aew  Orleans,  and  Opelousas 

Total....... 


Miles  in 
operation. 


Miles  in 
progregg. 


'.HI  'J^\ 


lit'*     ,"',-1  'T*. 


m 


63 


^*, 


Road. 


Bay,  Brazos,  and  Colorado. 


Miles  in 
operation. 


Miles  in 
progTess. 


32 


-TENNESSEE. 


Boads. 


Miles  in 
operation. 


hwlleand  Cbattajiooga.... 

tTennessee  and  Georina       , 

t Tennessee  and  Virginia.." I        ^^ 

sterand  Huntsvifle       

and  Ohio 

We  Soutliem  ..'*]]. J ' 

Bville  branch. .  ' 


total. 


Miles  liji 
progresa. 


'.!^' 


185 


609^ 


t?iH 


1  I 


1. 1 


i 


.0*1 


1      I 


St^t.t  fJ&%iUi'i>i 


tt!tliJ«5„ 


Er/^r#''J.Tr-'V-. 


«! 


B,  J>oc.  186. 

KENTUCKY. 


Boads. 


Miles  in 
operatiun. 


29 


UUMil 

progiwl 


Frankfort  and  Lctmgton gg 

Louisville  and  Frankfort _      l 

Maysville  and  Lexington _■----     _ 

Covington  and  Lexington • 

Lexington  and  Danvie ■;'.'.;.... 

LouisviUe  and  Nashville 

MobUe  and  Ohio. . .  - .  - •  -  • 

LouisviUe  and  NashviUe 

ShelbyvUle  branch  ■-■■•--■* ; 

Henderson  and  Nashville •  -  • 


Total. 


94 


MISSOURI. 


Boads. 


Miles  in 
operation. 


Pacific *  *  ■ 

Hannibal  and  St  Joseph  s. 


Total. 


OHIO 


Boada. 


Cleveland  and  Colunjus 
Columbus  and  Lake  Erie 
Dayton  and  Springfield  branch 


Little  Miami 
Mad  river 


Sandusky  and  Mansfield 
Xenia  and  Columbus.  - .  - 
Bellefontaine  and  Indiana 
Cincinnati  and  Marietta 


.  .*  *s?\»  iTii^i^ 


'  V 


u,  -;:;:, 


MileK  in 
peratiun. 


29 
G5 


HUmIi 
progwul 


94 


MileB  in 
operation. 


MUeiin 
operation. 


130 
60 
24 
16 


134 

56 

04 

Wo^-Omtlnned. 


Boada. 


BleTeland  and  Pittsbum 
TewlandN.and  Toledo' 

feveland  P.  and  Ashtabula." 
-lombiM  U.  and  Piqua 

:innatiW.and^aneV^dii;' 
unatiH.  and  Dayton 
..jM  and  Western  . .     '  * " ' 
Ireenville  and  Miami. .  * 

fflilton  and  Eaton.  .*"." 

'^oro  and  Cincinnati..*.']]^ 

Ution  -S 

pand  Indiana ]] 7 

po  and  Mississippi. , .  ]  ]  * 

po  and  Pennsylvania 

■iocentral 

BandHockinjf'v^ey.*; 

«wlle and  Indiana...: 

afei:;^^--<^"KSbn;g 

pandAkro^  branch.*." 

1  and  Warren  branch.' 

»t«andJ>ajrton...:.. 

"l^fcb. 

«was  branch 


Total. 


Boada. 


'•••*•• 

•**••••• , 


■"■■WS-i', 


'l*ujch... 
Ealamaaoo....' 

f^— ...... 


-iji^ 


mA 


H.  Doc.  186. 

;       INDIANA. 


ith  branch  round  L.  Michigan 


140 
N.  Albany  &  Salem,  with  brancn  ruuuu  "•;-;;;°;  1        66 

Jeflfersonville.  -  •  • •.--- 86 

Madison  and  Indiana|?ohs _ ^q 

Shelbyville  branch.  { 20 

Eushville   branch. .A- j        27 

Knieht8t»wn  branch. V  - - 

Swrenceburg  and  I^dumapoh 
Indiana  Central .  -  - /•  -  ----•;• 

Newcasde  and  Richmond.  - > -  i        §3 

SSpolis  and  BeUefontaine -  ■  - ;  -         ^^j 

Peru  and  Indianapohs -.-    - 

Terre  Haute  and  Indianapohs 

Evansville  and  IlUnois 

Indiana  Northern. 

Ohio  and  Mississippi 

Lafayette  and  Indianapohs. . 
"  Wabash  Valley 


^in«gCenteal 
Galena  and  Chicago. 
Rock  Island  and  Chicago 
Central  MiUtary  Tract 
Peoria  and  Oquawka. 
Ohio  and  Mississippi- - 

Northeru  Cross 

Sangamon  and  Morgan 
Alton  and  Sangamon 
Aurora  branch.-.-. 
Bt., Charles  branch.... 
OTallon's  Coal-road.. 


Tetre  Haute  and  Alton 
Miaaisaippi  and  Atlantic 
St-ILomsand  Chicago. 
JUt^n  and  Mt.  Carmel. 


aukie  and  Mil 
I  du  Lac  and  iti 


$8  in 

HilMii 

dtion. 

Pfogffft 

l40 

175 

66 

86 

16 

20 

27 

M 

1 

10 

83 
22i 

5 

72 

26 

135 

62 


296 


■   -m''' 

^ 

/        j( 

'.        \ 

J 

h 

V| 

■k 

^ 

\ 

J 

\ 

H.   Dbc.  136. 

WISCONSIN. 


4m 


Roada. 


Hwukie  and  Mftsissippi 


rouiuc  cum    lUlSSlSSJppi 

duLac  and  Ehck  Island  Yklley. 


Miles  in 
operation. 


50 


Total. 


50 


Mileiin 
progre«a. 


160 
S40 


390 


■^  RECAPIT«.ATION. 


i  Carolina 
li  Carolina 


L \\\ 

*  ■  • 

.:;: 

•  • 

• 

^::::.::\ 

-  - .  - 

-- 

" 

n 

in 

•  ♦  •  • 

•  • 

— 

a 

- 

- 

1 

r 

r ■- 

■  — 

•rs- 

•    V 

— 

""■ 

... 

Polal. 


'1      ►    '^  1    •     *■ 


ad»^n^^ 


.^l. 


.1 


IfK 


«  i 


U      ^     ..1]    r,  .c    ,  J 
I     ft    ii  '^ 


^M 


-"*^ 


«  »' 


I  Area  in  acres 

S;  total,  160, 

I  The  province 

iealthy  ofishoot 

■ightest  jewel  ii 

Ide  from  the  cc 

)titu(Ie  from  the 

lejofPennsylv 

pa,  diversity  ol 

mmercial  poftit 

I  tide-wat 

i  adjoins,  and 

rcialaswell  a 

e  shortest  land 

■ough  the  pe 

oast  of  the  n: 

The  "diversity 

y  incorrect,  inj 

lem  climate. 

1  ^r  historic 

tituted  for  the 

ice  is  known 

.  'Carter an 

"It  Fathers,  an 

B  of  France,  \s 

quois,  havi 

Si  WOT  the  oh 

t  importtHit  col 

stniethaKn 

"inthenortl 

'ature  varies 

"■  makes  a 

on  every  ]ak( 

ejealously 

^mantle  nf-st 

f  the  a( 

•  converts  th( 

8j»8t  and  IB 

,  r  labor  ( 

'  is  delaye< 

■^  Jtthesj 


.-*"  ■ 


1^ 


H.  Doc.  ise. 


407 


PART    V. 


-^^ 


CANADA.  ^ 

Area  in  acres  :  Canada  East   losRr.Qrc>i    o        .    , 
^;  total,  160,405,219  .ures      k^?]  ?'     *'  ^''"'''''''  W^^^'  31,745,- 
flhe  province'  of  Canada  o^e  o?tf  Zl"  '''''•  ^'^*2,2G5.  * 

[ealthy  offshoots  of  a  colo^iW  natt„  Cl  hi  "•'^'/  P°P"^""«'  ^"^ 
lightest  jewel  in  the  Crown  of  Snd  "  tJ  .-^"'''^"^  ^^''"^^  "»^ 
[debm  the  centre  of  the  continl^  "to  the  ^^iTl'TT''  ^""T' 
l&tude  from  the  waters  which  flow  into  tlfn  n  ?  »^  ^''^™^°'"'  *^"d  in 
lalof  Pennsylvania,  it  derives  ks^m^J      ^oxi\,^xx,  ocean  to  the  par- 

Uiversity^f  climate.rdl  ?duS"^^^^^  "'"^^  ^^  A* 

inmercial  prtiition.  ^     "ui^uons,  as  ymm  geographical  and 

^i/aswell  as  impoS  SnWn/    '^"^'''^'  «neof  the  most  com- 
a  shortest  kHd-rouS^'ScShlt^^^  ^'t^^f  ^T^  States. 

>ugh  the  peninsula  of  ffla  wSt  JXSh     '''k  ""^  ^'"^'^^ 
[coast ofthe  most  commercial  b.dv^rr'.''  embraces  one-haJf 
he  "diversity  of  prndS''  atVbedTo^^^^^^  °"  '^^  S'^^^' 
Uorrect,  inasmuch  as  the  name  k.;,-.T''-,°'''y  ^*  fi'-^*  ap- 
W«n.  climate.    This  mSen^Sf.     "^'.^^^'^^f '.  ^«h  the  rigors  o/a 
«amorhistoricalriSof^"'^^°"S'"^^^^^    "  the  fact  that  the 
fJd  for  the  wCrwbii?th?;'' e^'"*'^'  'V  '^^  mind-apart 
ke  is  known  only  to  ac'ual  11^^?'  '"°^"'".  ^^^^'«"  ^^  the 
U  Carter  and  ChamnSin    tlf*     1*       -^  romanuc  narratives  of 
ptFathers,  JofSrenVD^^^^^^  ^^^"?Sles  of  the 

kof  France,  with  the  8tiSnt^n!w  i    .     'c  T^  "^''^"  «*  ^^e  old  no- 

\S^  the  chief  mediuS  of  iSS.  ^  P^pple  of  the  United 
Npit  colony  ^formation  respectinjer this,  England'a 

te''Sw'er;n"£:?ef  ^^^^^T'fj'^  - 
Wu..  varies  b^4itUe  in  S;  two  rS  ^Tr-  ^'  ^'^^  1^^ 
Ner  makes  a  hiffhwnv  \t^  tk^        regions.     The  mtense  cold  of 

H^neveiylakeaSSm  4rrr',l?^  the.  lumberman  over 
»>re jealously  guardeTfrSiThp  fn  •  ^"^x^^  ^"^  ^"^^  of  vege- 
Amantfa  '^f  °n^      T^^^^  ^«^ts  of  severe  frn..yy 

Hvem  themintrnavLTw^^^^^        ;"'''''  m  every  mountam 
rp»t  and  most  exoeS,  J^    '  '^ou^/ewwrrf,  for  bearing„m 

^15>ortoiL'Stro^X^^^  ofthelumt. 

N> M  delayed  by  the  duration  ofTf!^       u    ^?»"»«««««<  of 
Wabout  the  same  Derindl^i°\**'^  ^''^  ^"°^'  ^"'  «s  maturity  is 
same  period  aa  m  the  western  countiy,  becauae  t^ 


^i 


,  •/•    •  •     «t 


.  JC 


*  u  * 


u 


«    1 
■I     f 


;n 


\ 


<*>*> 


4m 


H.  a>oc.  186. 


3»  f> 


■«■<: 


"/- 


n     i^oa  r.f  rnlnric  during  the  winter,  less  retardation 
has  been  a  smaller  loss  of  caloric  ™?        ^^  f^,^^  ^^,^  constant  action 
from  a  lingering  spring,  and  more  rapia  growi  i 
of  a  strong  and  steady  s"";"^^^  ^eat.  .  J^         ^^^^^ 

Whatever  exceptions  "lay  be  taken  to  the  c^  ^,^^  of  the  whitt 
it  must  be  remembered  that  it  embraee^^  nXalie  product  of  which  can 
nfb?^b?aird\1tsetoT^^^^^^  O^e  abundant  ice  and 

Xrmr<^-rd1^St/oreSoys  m.re  sL  tonnage,  than  the 

^ttT7the  forests  "^  British  No^^^^^  give  necossanlp  j 

While^thQse  f  "ditions  of  clmiate  and  pr^^  g^  >.^ 

commerdinl  and  «>f  ^"^'^^^"""f/JlX^^^  of  Western  Caiada  afford  a 
milder  climate  and  ^^''^^P;^  f  "'^J^Pf  "'^lal  pursuits  unsurpassed  in 
field  for  ag"«"lture,  horticu  tuiie^^^^^^^  ,^^\ 

some  respecl^by  the  most  ^^Y^J^^^^^^^^^^^  ,„,ny  thousand  square 

'  peninsula  of  Canada  West,  almost  surrounu     j         \^^^^f  N^^^hera 
.Sles  of  unfrozen  ^^^^^er,  enjoy    ach^^^^  fruit  south  and 

New  York.     The  PfP.^^^'-f^^' ^^T^f  been  s^^^^^  cultivated  M 

west  of  Ontario,  whi  e  tobacco  fas  been  sue  j  j 

.ears  on  the  penmsula  ^^^^^J^j^^f^^^^^^  of  two  mfc 

.  last  two  yeu^s  Western  Canada  ^^^^^^^^       ^^  ^^P^^^^^^  ^^  ^^^ 

df  barrels  of  flour,  anc  over  in  ^^^^^  ^^^^  ^^ 

the  present  ^Th    .1  n^X  no  cou" -^^  where  there  is  so  nJ 
SSIr:^;  in^XSo^tot^;^^^^^^^^^  -a  uaderC. 

"  :a;bn,?s.in'that' Jt  of  ^a-la  -st^^^^^^^^^^  ^^  ... 

^::r^^^^^^^^  commf  cialW^oJ 
pmg-Moae      ""wccii  i  mineral  -ones  ot  the  northwest, 

treaty  t  ^SS'lS,"  J'S-^cat  Western,  .„d  U,c  0. 

worthy  of  not.cc.    She  is  the  """fl ""™'™  ^„,  „  t  ian|ml.rlbnn,lf 
Sslten  «£  t  W  S  remote.  aL  ....^^0  the  ,c,  ,^ 
''"^Ayt^.  iohosoitable  coast  f  Labrador  u^n  the* 
by  the  ataOB.  inaccesstble  «"''X' r„7i^^,  "  rhen.SgH 


Jt?icwiBgjSanada  ns  a  wnoie,  n  uiaj  "^^  "^^^":"  ^t  w^a  «#«»« 

northeast  to  southwest,  from  Mame  to  Michigan,  ana  ^^^ 

and  49th  parallels  of  north  latitude.    The  greaneri 

presenu  itilf. conspicuously  -« -,^J'^"?^*^^rgT^^^ 
raphy,  traveraing,  m  a  northeasterly  Tsourse,  tne  gran 
drains  in  ita  mighty  career  to  the  ocean. 


.1 


^Ziii^/b^^  i 


»^?»«RJ 


Hr  Doc.  136. 


.  y^' 


.  Tlie  very  beautiful  map  of  the  h    •      r  i  ^^* 

apH^fJ'f "d  prepared  expressly  for'lhi^Ll^  .^^  ^^^rehce  hereunto 
I  esq.,  a  civil  engineer  of  hi  Jh  stanZi      ^^'  '  ^y  Thomas  C.  Keefer 
tod^  Canadian  Board  of  Crkrm^^^^^^^^^  abilities,  attactd ' 

An  attenuve  considefation  of  hisYew  aS  p.  "^"  ^^^  "'  ^^^"''^^y- 
%  sohcited.  It  presents  many  pol^^ "f  f„f  ^"^"^  "^^^P  is  respect- 
does,  at  one  view,,  the  mighty  St  I  o^i  '"ferest,  exhibiting,  as  it 

Mterraneans/'ofwhiclit^iTlhe'^:^^^^^^^^^ 
[graphical  wonder,  as  also  their  nosS'  '^^^''^''  are  indeed  a  eeo- 

hhe  wrest  and  the  vast  and  feZ  ^Xy  "oAhe  m'^^'-""  ^".  ^^^  ^^^^ef o^ 
nous  outlets  to  the  sea,  of  this  valuablTseett'ofa^i^^^^^^^^^^    ^^- 

COMMERCE  OP  CANADA. 

I  More  the  close  of  the  last  cent 
Med  a  respectable  posiUon.     ThTst  I  .w"""'^'^^  ^^  ^^"^^a  had  ^ 
(outlet  of  Canada,  and  also  of  that  nor t inn    TT^^/'^^^  '^^^  the  only 
Iponand  between  Lakes  Ontario  ani^S       ""/'^^  ^""^^  States  ly"nff 
fe.«;eived  indifferently  A  Sa„  an^P ^  ""i"'  ""^  '^^  P««  "f  £! 
Un  to  the  West  Indies  and  Br  tfsh  North  ^A^"^'""  P^^d"^^  ^br  exp^r- 

Although  Upper  Canada  then  scarce  In  "!'""^"  ^°^''»'^«- 
r '^^"V  in^niigration,  the  lower  ^^^^^^^^^  ^"^^'^^^t  food  to  / 

K?'  °f  ,^^l'«^t,  and  continued  sruntn^h^      '"^^^  ^''""^''y  «  We 
f«.^edher  ^^er  present  positiro^^lj^^  ftlll.f^^^^ 

S-w'Std'^HK^^^^^^^^ 

Uus  to  1822.  Thi  prod'nit^^f  :P^:  bankTl?  ^."  «"^'4om 
>re  mdiffei-enUy  exported  to  the  sS^r  .  i  •  °^  the  St.  Lawrence 
fc?n;and  those  marU  received  no  on  vn'"'''  \^  '^  "^ Canadian 
rWncan  breadstuffs  and  prov^ion^  Our  tT'  '^"^  ^  ^^^^^^  '^^^ 
H  finely  into  the  British  markets  bn?  "'''•^'' '^'''^'' ""^  ««Jy  ad- 
^7  dutjes  were  imposed  upo^Tmno,,"  •  ^'^"Tu^."  ^"d  almost  pro- 

B'l8T^^r''u^™''■^^^^^"«  closed;  r^^^^^^  ^"^    British  ship. 

►11814,  winch  was  then  only  ad^&S   ?^' ^^^'"^t  our  vvheS 

J^^7'  f"t  the  West  Indies  and  lowTrS'ni^^'  '"  ^  ^^^^^  measum 
^d  80  long  as  the  free  export  of  aThpT"*"^',  S^^*'  ^  sufficient 
■h^^ute.    As  early  as  iS,  ou^'Sr."/ f  «"'" '^"' P^™'"^^^^^ 

«0.00O  barrels.  The  Berlin  and  AfiiVn^^^'  ^"^  ^««e  in  1S(» 
f^J  thereon,  of  1807 ;  Pres"lnt  J.ff '''■^''  ""^  ^"S"«h  ordem 
imcreased  duues  levied  uZ  S.— ^T"^  ^''^^arlo  of  1808 

'  ^  Amencansjl^d  w^te^^^^^  much  depeXf 

fAr^u  "?  ^®20  oyer  XTof  1810     "{  '''ll^  '"^'"^^  °f  ^^e 
^Actsofthe  imperial  parWntbv -ml  .^°  ^f^  ^^"^  C«"«^ 
.«,   ,  r-    ""«««.  »>y  imposing  a  duty  upon  Amer- 


.*»  » 


4    ^i. 


1> 
1  f ,  ( 


H' 


'*    » 


I 


hi      • 


419 


H.  Doc.  136. 


forbade  our  exports  tbither.  ^       ,     ^^  Trade  Act  of  1822, 

..As  a  '^^-^""^"f  >  1^2^/^e^^^^^  the  United  Kingdom 

our  fl?"r^«^d  ^H  ;r  Ih^Zlterhna  per  quarter.  The  opening  of 
at  a  fixed  duty  of  five  shilhngs  sterun^  p«    i  ^ 

the  Erieaiid  Champlain  <=f;^f.  ^^J^^^^^f^^^^ 

nianent  dir«:Uon  to  those  Amencan  expor^^^^^^^  ^^  ^^^^^g 

Quebec,  and  an  amount  of  ^W^^«  C  theTritish  action  of  1825 
"^1 7tZl  o??822  TraSemal  alvantages  resulting  from  the 
j^^eded  that  of  182^  f^gl^een  the  United  States  and  Bntain,  on  the 
differences  which  arose  between  we  j^      ^^^  interdiction 

score  of  recipmcal  "^^'8^^°"'/;^^^^^  J^f  wS  and  reduced  it 
of  the  United  ^f^^ ^^'^^''^tlSitioleS  S2,000  in  1830,) 

from  a  value  of  |2,000,OOU,  i"  ^^  '  ^he  trade  of  the  St.  Law- 
restored  for  a  time  our  ancient  ««mme^^^^^^^^  ^^^^  ^^^^^^^^ 

rence  was  also  assisted  .^y  ^^^vL^^X^hes-^for  the  British  market, 
years  exchision  of  American  timber  and  asne  ^^^  ^^^^  ^^^ 

and  by  the  reducuon  of  the  duty  upon  our  u  c„massedits 

Xket,  and  therefore  rapidly  recovered,  and  m  1830  far  surpassed  .ts 

^"iri83lto;  was  a  return  to  the  policy  which  existed  previous  to 

'♦in  iSJiinere  wttsttx^  i     forests  and  agriculture  were 

iag2.     United  States  foducts  of  ^he  lores^  a        ^^  ^  ^^^^^^ 

admitted  into  Canada  A^^' ^f  .^^"i^^^jte^^  ;  and  an  additional 

produce  to  all  *=ounines,  except  the  Unaed^^^       differential  duty,  in 

Advantage  was  ,^«"f^f  Jy^^trnC  h"  West  Indian  and  ith 
our  favor,  upon  foreign  1"^^^  ^^^^  and  wheat  by  sea  in  that, 

.  ^erwTeKtToMOO^bXer^^^^^ 

tion  of  the  duty  upon  Amencan  flour  brought  mto  tdose  mun 


,.  ..J^., 


H.  Doc.  136. 


411 


Ml  die  West  Indies  in  1830  Harin«.fc.        i    -^  '"'"^  "four  tra<fe 

Uffi,  and  could  not.  therefore,  co^Te  " IVT  '"^^"^^S  brtaS! 
thesemovinces.  Theactof  JjSl^*^^!^  *  ^f  bee  m  the  supply  of 
with ttcgulf  provinces  as  wijlHIfesS^  'u  ^''^"^^^«  to  our  tr^ode 
our  cana&,  there  is  a  markJBi^'e  in  t K?  '.^"^  '^"^^  ^'^^  ^P^ning  of 

I  tl.  passing  of  the  GladstoneT^'^lSr^taI'^'\  In  184?  (beire 
mces  was  worth  $456,000  annua II vJST    ^^  ^"*^  ^^^  lower  prov- 

b  m  h  1845  the  enlaced  fel„^^aJ;,T"V^^"  °?'  ^°  ^204% 
[opened,  and  since  that  period  it  has  Sn  u  ^^^^^^^rnois  eanals  were 
Itfeopeningof  the  enlarged  Lichfne^^^fl^''''^^^''^^'  ^  ^at,  siiS^ 
VJ^'Ti  ''T^  ^-r^asii^  et^l^"^'  "has  exceeded  its  p^siS 
Itayle  with  the  West  Indies  by  the  cSn  t  ^  '"^^^n^Ption  of  our 
Ifcllowed  m  1825  bv  th*.  T^^i  Canada  Trade  Act  in  1RQ9  ™.o„ 
L  British  m^ke'^^d  Z^^'lL'f'^''^^.-^ --^  breadsSS 

F-ption.orrathWdest;Jcdo:,rr8Tw.:"  ^^^«',  «>  ««  second 
■ibe  important  privilege  of  exporting  A  mT'  ^  l^^ceeded  in  1843  bV 
.oomwirativeTy  nomLal  dS^Ts^ctr^""''"  ^l^^*' received,  "nder 
0  tf»  ptish  market.  ThiSaTur^tatr^^V"'  P'^^^  °^  «"gi^' 
a  sWIings  sterling  per  quarter  uirimJi,-^  P'^™^"'"  °f  about 
Jroaghthe  St.  Lawrence -brnTnoP^     Amencan  exports  to  Britain 

f«>  »m  destmclion.  This  very  pLal  ^ent^"'^*''  Jt'''''  *™""' 
VJ>  of  flour  .„d  „h^„  so  tC™n  S  '•Tl^'"""^''""'- 
^VZ^y  bushels,  .,f  -.eieTUXr^^Sp^W, 

*?  enjoyed  as  the  route  forAm^rilln      ^^**  Lawrence  had  so  fit- 
Jjng  from  the  failure  of  the  potato  rL  v.    T'"^^'^*«  <Jemand, 

Wiher  country;  ant  as  anSSli^!^!^'^^^"'*  '^^ation*  '' :'  t  *    '  '     1^^ 

i   '  °f  '«hip«.  colonies,  ai^d  coCerce.Y^Tfl"''"''^'  ^•'^  ^^'^'         ^  '    >-^    *-V 
J*7  the  control  of  our  cuat^n^T        .^  ^  fallen  to  the  ground  i*  **  J  '^'^  '  J»^' ' 

g^uj.and  the  last  a^d  mos^C  ^'^^"^'^"^dby  the  iSSf  /      i  '  .    t*.  f^^^^ 
*«»>  baneful  eflects  of  IrEh  „-?"?•  "^^i*"*^  *^  ^^^ 
«»on  the  l8t  of  Januaiy/lsfiO  M      "*^«"^n  laws,  came  into 


'I       ii 


%>  .. 


-'t*^'  \" 


*     t> 


m 


'P 


H.   Doc.  13ff. 


It  will  thus  beCen  that  previous  to  1846  the  cdomal  pohcy  of  the 
Tlrftircovternment,  although  vaxjillating  and  contradictory,  encouraged 
Sfsea^^Se  of  CkTaJia  gy  affording^  market  for  her  producUons. 
^  wX<^ourLed  e^sinUlto  the  United  Spates,  Likewise  by 
hSperii  con^ol  overthe  colonial  tariff,  tlie  mother  country  established 
dXenti ^duties  against  importations  inland,  thus  throwing  the  sup- 
pW  of  Western  CarSda  into  t^he  ports  of  Montreal  and  Quebec  and  the 
contraband  dealers  on  the  western  fronUer.  .\  \  a  •    i 

Nearly  th^  whole  revenue  from  customs  beihg  collected  in  W 
Canada  although  an  equal  and  even  greater  consumption  was  chim^ 
Wthe  upprpfovince,  a  controversy  respecting  the  division  of  ^ 
rfvenue  because  amiuaUy  more  and  more  severe,  with  the  increMed 
SaUon  and  demands  of  Canada  West,  and  was  the  subject  of  fre- 
Sent  appeal  to,  and  of  adjustment  >by.  the  mother  country.  Jhe  m- 
ScSof  the  French  population,  and  consequent  suspension  of  the 
c^nStutidn  of  Lower  CaSa,  was  taken  advantage  of  to  bring  about 
rSlative  union  of  the  two  provinces,  which  accordingly  took  place 
hi  1841,  and  put  an  end  to  the  dispute  about  the  division  of  the  rev- 
^nue  Perhaps  the  remembranc,e  ot'this  altercaUon  had  some  influence 
iZnihe  subsequent  action  of  the  Canadian  legislature  upon  the  sub- 
Wt^f  differential  dutiA  The  imperial  government  formal  yaban- 
Sed  XtontroToverl  Canadian  tariff  in  1847,  ajid  in  their  next 
Son,The  colonial  legislature  abolished  the  differential  and  prohib.- 
to^dutLson  imports  fnland;  thus  placmg  the  mother  country  in  Ae 
same  relative  position- as  foreigners.  The  commercial  interest  of  the 
lower  province  yielded  to  this  poUcy  from  sympathy  wih  the  free- 
J  We  movements  in  England;  while  it  is  probatle  that  the  western 
pro4ce  supported  the  measure  as  a  means  of  emancipation  from 
.?hrmonopoly  of  their  imports  by  Montreal  and  Quebec. 

The  repeal  (by  the  abSiUon  of  the  Briush  Corn  Laws}  of  all  pm-l 
ileges  in  Ikvor  of  Canadian  breadstuffs  in  the  BriUsh  markets,  the  h^l 
tUe  tariff  of  the  United  States,  and  the  twmmeUed  condiUon  of  the  StJ 
La>^nce  navigation,  (yet  anfreed  from  the  restnctions  of  the  BntisJ 
NaSSi  Laws.)  fell  Wily  upon  the  Canadians.    The  scanty  sup] 
plyTvessels  in  the  St  Lawrence,  (hitherto  a  "close  borough,;'^ 
iBntish  shipping  only,)  and  the  abundant  supply  of  outw^d  freight 
Sedb??h?timb^  coves  of  Quebec,  hal  ««  enhanced  aUoJe 
fSt  ouiward,  that  nothing  but  the  premium  offered  by  the  Bntish 
CZ  Laws  made  the  rpute  ?hn>ugh  the  St.  Lawrence  7^  &voj^ 
riion  by  New  York,  even  with  the  burden  of  tl^e  United  States  tanfl 
When/therefore,  this  premium  waS  withdrawn,  and  the  EngUrfi  m 
ket  wis  no  longer  the  most  profitab/e,  the  exports  of  Canada  We^ 
J  (Ae  8^rp"u8.piing  sectio/of  th^  province)  turned  tow^Ne 
TTork.    The  proximity  of  this  city  to  the  wheat-exporting  d«mcM 
CanadBr»«dke=4^1itifi&^fc^xS«i?%an4J^^ 
Y^nS^L^other  interndlartlfici^  avenu^,  pn^ucedTBUcb  a 
verlnTcanadian  exports  of  Hour  and  wheat  that  the  quanUly  Jo J 
to  New  YorkTl860  exceeded,  largely,  ih^t  exported  lyseaOhn. 

%hefoSr>JSrBl*tementwill  sho^  th^  xelative  export  of  C««di 
^  flour  and  wliat  iiibnd  and  by  sea:        ^ 


*...• 


*♦,.",  *!.•,.*  S. 


f 


*^  Doc  ia6. 


' .» 


*5ported  to'aod  throngii— 


ftdUo. 

I  OjteMbmg. W 

UcChamplain... 

I      Tital  exported  inland . 
I  MtmlaadQaebeo 


Barrel..  Btuheb. 


19,844 

260,«72 

33,999 

90,988 


1 


'S''-^^ 


66,001 
1,094,444 


lUtf  exported 

DmNM^  inland  export  to  United 
baim in  lea export  fi^  Canada.  J! 


10,860""' 
259,875 
30,609 
11,940 

313,284^ 
371,610 


101,655 

670,808 

18,195 


790,678 
161,318 


««4'894  951,990 


I  The~ following  statement  <jTin        l  •'        — ^~ — ^* 

wheat  imported,  the  amount  Sedfo?eT  ?^  ^""^^^'^  «°^*-  and 

hte«d% consumption  at  each^^^of ^^^^^^'^^^  ^"^  *^  ^'"^^^t" 


Pnti. 


«««'••        Wheat.        i-Tonr. 
B«»l«.      Bu«hd8.      Barrel*. 


10,860  I    101  BSflBl      lA  -«.  I 
«».W5      mSl   olS'™        88,»16 


(!"■  .n' 


•From  OBud.  return  of  exporti. 


Pect  to  wheat  at  l«o«#  "^r  exports  by  sea.  wh  rh  .?«  -^*  _^.i 


pw  As  ti^  r!.»„j:_„     .  •^"*^«  ^deficiency  of  inbiKT  e»-      'I- 

861  exceeded  thnf  «f  «^^  ^'  .i« 


A«  «trV.     T^''  counterbafance  the  V^ZJ;  •         "?."<**»  with  , 

^  the  Canadian  wheat  cZ^  Jg^i        "^"^"^  '"^n^^  «-       jf^^ 

y«^.  ^presumption  is  that  L  w  „  •  ^*^«^^ed  that  of  any  /'  * 

'J«w  retaiiHxf  much  rf  ,h^  i!!  ..*??_^:^  P»ce?  wliich  ruled  Hn^I       " 


tlit, 


lll,0.-l»i 


i  :!?>       « 


*   * 


.     ^ 


4U 


iii  Doe.  isii. 


If 


ber  of  barrels  wluch  were  ^"J  ^o  t^  Umte  ^^^^  this  was  ns 

the  total  exports  by  sea  m  ^}^}J^XTl^,  the  Canadians  axe  now 
versed,  is  very  ^g^^fi^^^f^^Med  Stales  in  the  markets  of  the 
traa.g  upon  «q'^»»,^X^^fl:,'SSgn  States.  To  elucidate  thi, 
mother  country  and  those  ot  oiner  iw   » 

I  must  refer  to  the  j^-, 

lUTBECOLONIAI.   XBADB., 


■^-^Cof^:'^:^^^^^-^^^"-"^^^'^ 


ican  colonies  -.  — 
1844,  has  been  as  follDWS 


.•  •< 


1844 

1846 ^ 

1846 

1847 

1848 

1849 • 

1860 

^The'^ount 'Jxpirt^'w 'these  colonies,  in  bond,  through  New  M 
and  Boston,  in  1861,  was— • 


BwdL 

19,630 
26,691 
35,152 
66,195 
,65,8341 
79,492 
140,872 
154,760 


Floor. 


New  York. 
Boston 


Total. 


Barrdi. 
86,689 
4,690 

91,279 


WhMl 


BadMi. 

6,7981 


I 


6,79 


^thaking  the  total  export  to  these  colonies  246.039  baxrels-an  i 

"'X's^:^!? o?  Stinir  American  flour  in  the  ^nsu.. 
.  of  Ae  "twTSS^es"  has  been  brouaht  about  by  the  oj^ 

through  the  St.  Lawrence,  to  compete  m  ine  lore  g 

itdl  States.  ,  —  u *^i,^»  'Cr  ttift  mke  ofc 


f=jratd  flour  have  been  t 


la,  the  num> 
>0  exceeded 
Ills  was  Te- 
as axe  now 
irkets  of  the 
ucidate  this, 


North  Amer 
ndland,  since 

Bimk 

19,530 

. .       26,694 

...     36,152 

..       66,195 

..   .  ,65,834 

, . .      79,492 1 

...     140,872 

...    .164,766 

igh  New  Yori; 


meit 

9 
0 

AuUi. 
6,7« 

9 

6,79t 

lis— an  i 

he  consume 
I  openiogot 

exclusion  oTl 
Canadian! 
maikets  of  t 

thfl  (#"  °f'' 
irectionaDdJ 

other  prov 


lb   Doc.  106. 


■»-i 


1  .>'" 
.  ^ 


.^"4  » 


I '- 1 


U 


L' * 


^     ^ 

-^*' 


••'N 


■i 


I- 


thai  ui'tiie  export  of  ilour     Tn  ir/lq  »i,       i 

the  United  States  was  doilble  that  from  Thl"^  '' ^^'  ^P"^^'*  f"*'" 
the  value  fiom  the  United  States  wa^sasg'slrn^  ^  ^^^ 

i26».300.  In  1849  nearly  one-h  Jf  of  thf^  '  ^""^  .^'■°'"  ^^  ^^^^onies 
fi«m  and  through  the  United  Slated  t^  ^^  "^^^  imported,  inland, 
pouijds, put  of  th^total  importation omeiror^''  being  5, 153,000 
Urtation  rose  to  16,736.000  pounds  of  whfr.rTA'*    ^  ^^^^  *e 

Theimportsof  sugar  into  Canada  in  1851  were  '   ''''''''  "  ' 

Fnmj  British  colonies . . . 

"   United  States ^ 

"   Other  foreign  countries 
"   Great  Britain 1 


••>. 


:(■'< 
*•  i 


•••-.. I..., 


$269,300 
258,848 
226,816 
J71,140 


_925,604 

routes.   Canadian  vessels  load  at  thk  iX^^^    »^78,468  by  inland 
Lmon8,^hich  they  c^,  wUhout  Sif  "^ '^"'^  breadstuff's  arid 

k,  Newfoundland,  exS/nf^lTT'?^^  '°  ^^^  ""'  ^^ 
molasses,  fish,  and  oUs.    Thif  JrlideT  n?  /  '^'"™  ^^««  °^  ^'^^' 

vessels;  and  as  fish  and  othe?niSuot^jl*'°"^^^  *^P"fi"«d  to  fiStish 
Hck,  and  the  flour,  PxovTsioL^^c  Tc^°It  '°*^^?^"^^"««- 
^,  a  direct  free-tra  Je  betweei  the'man?^!^  '1"^  f^fchan^ed  duty- 
British  North  America  is  now  in  TJn^J!?'^  «gricultui^^  districi 
mdland  only  is  excludedJ^hrnSeSuieiTS'  ^'°'"  ^^^\^^^' 

MO 

(114,864 
206,268 
269,300 


1849 


'.^.. , 


.Je28,7l6 
.  61,317 
67,326 


te  Sr  oftr^Sir*  No"  '^  •~'™r'  'of  Canada  L  at 
Hto^liow  l»w&T;°ff:„f°  "=="»"  Pr?diotioM  can  now  bo 

H  commerce  of  d»  westeT  ffi  .Jl'Si.'»»«'«  over  d« 


commerce  of  the  wpafAm  ui,/^       j     -~r.*"  ^-^^^^'-^^wine 
,:««,.ru„_'''  .^^  western  lakes  and  adioining  districts.    A 

will  be  the  best  modeof  pre-^ 


k)rtiY.v:««Tfu         .  .     ^^esiero  lakes 

BfegSl^f  Pogggn  and  n^jQurcea 
wnngtms  question. 


THE  COMMBRCIAL  PORTS  OP  OAIfADA,  _ 


A 


'J»,  tf'i 


•  » 


416 


•     t.  V  oTiPiPnf  M  -^eli  as  the  most  linportant,  pqrtof 

Quebec  18  the^moBt  f/L^^^^^^^f  Gasp^,  New  Carlisle, ihe*% 

Canada,  ^"{i^^^'^^t^tl  i^X  riv^^  bel^vr  Quebec.    The  proS 

dalen  islwids,  and  several  in  *^«  "^^l-     of  Belle-Isle,  embracing  the 

ofCa„adaextend.e    .^^^^^^ 

SSSy^  ar^"    The  other  islands  a?e  occupied  only  for  * 

houses  and  'eUef  stations.  of  New  York-the  island  oH 

The  harbor  of  Quebec  IS  not  un^ke  that      ^^  ^     ^^^^  ^.^^ 

Orleans  serving  as  ^,  barr^J  r^'"„roach.    A  frontage  pf  about  fiftee^l 
Island,,affbrding  two  channels^  necessary  Vharva 

Viiles  on  both  «^de?  ot  th^^^^^  thirty  to  forty'mil  J 

but  coves  «f.^Vffi^'^"SShiv  millions  of  superficial  leet  of  deal^| 
ciibic  feet  ot.  timber,  about  eighty  ^^^  jj     ^sing  eighteen  f  J 

besides  staves,  lathwood,  «^^  f^{;7Z  g^i^^^^^ 
at  "springs,"  offers  no  imped  me^^^^^^  ^^^^^^^  .8^ 

:business  ot  the  port,  "^«jy^,''fl'!J^^  cargoes  „, 

stream,  (which  attords  g°«^,^«^7£8'^d^^^^^^^  ninety  !«!&. 

floated  to  them  at  ^f  ^,^^«- J^^eome  ^rfectly  sail  until  ane^H 
Quebec,  and  th«  wa^r  does  n^^^^^^^^ 

distance  s  ^^^^^^^^  .^'l^r.'  '^d  A^^^^^^^    >vater,  and  sea  navigation  I 
dred  and  e.'g^ty  n^.fe^  beyof  th^^^^^^ 

Montreal,  ninety  mdes  farther' or  two^^^^  J^  ^^^^ 

saltwater.     The  river  "^^^^P^c,  (where  pilots  are  tirst.tai^s 

hundred  ^^^  6*5  "jfi^^^^^rve^na^^^^^^  "P^vards  of  sc. 

but  the  combined  guU  ^nd Jiyer  nu   h  .^  ^r^j^  .^  ^^^ 

hundred  mUes  beiore  we  r^ch^e  AUanUc,  ^^^^^^  ^^^ 

than  three  connexions.    The  tn«rmri^      ^^^^^^^ 

BeUe-I?fe-i8  '^"^^'S!?^l°;t^o  Sred  iSes  shorter  than  the  rl 
sage  to  Werpool  more  ^^J^^^^^JXm  Quebec  more  than  four! 
by  Cape  Race,  making  the  d»!;^\'™j'  \    ^^^„„  ^i^  passage  [, 
ied  ikies  shorter  than  from  New  J^'^r^^l^S  and  ^U 
navigable  route  between    he  foot^o^L^e  U^       ^^  ^^  ^J^q 
Britain  is  as  short  a^  that  trpm  New  ^''J^       ^  .^        >p 

.    The  middle  channel' by  wtach  the  Aua^^^ 
,      nufes  wide,  and  contains  f '  ?f  l^^^J^^^^  this  channel  ft 

'      houses,  affords  an  exccUent  P««»^  °f  4«P J."^^^   Africa,  or  the  In' 
bee  is  bmu^t  ne^er  to  -y  P° J  -  »  A^^^^^ 

TfX'  ^Gu^of  Cal:%  i^  SvSLa,r.,  ie  fishing,  c^. 


Forti 

■i 

tbee 

mi 

1,306 
S31 

6 

htol...... 

1,536    6 

|The  disasters  at 

inber,  and  on  d)( 

Ui^oBtreal,  two  h 

Ive  steamers,  thret 

\of  existence  entii 

hundred  and 

land  four  steam 

belonging  to 

icb  an  extent  of  ] 

I  between  the  p 

^  be,  in  thick  \ 

eltnotfi)rihegr< 

"ly-five  miles,  an< 

fiinorneartlie 

3  charts. 

e  trend  of  the  Al 
_jJpon  StP 
'^▼wsel  may  si 
I  ««y  fethoms,  h 
"^  into  the  9] 
'■>  water  j  so 

*SwP»rtXfor 
S8 


■KT^'I 


Hi  Doe,  180, 


^] 


m 


t 


.*: 


V:i 


I  ■  *  .-"1  » .'I  I ' ' 


,;^|S  ~ef  rlu^^^^  ^-  le,s  than  that 

-i  moiA  of  disaipation  in  Quebec  sent  thf^T  *"" ""  ^^^S"  ^^  t'^ber. 
Itunbeie  by  desertion,  with  weakened  Dhv8ir«r^  *°  ^^*  diminished  in 
^.  When,  therefore,  the  cdT  Novem W  ^r  ^"'.  ^?  insufficient 
%M3exed,  lor  want  of  ordmarv  Lrt^on"^'^  ^'T'  "^  *«  gulf  were  '  ^'  .  -  ■H^/  ^    'i 

,ye«d  went  ashore.    iCSsSr'rnn^T •'  ^\^  «tllligence,     -  *%  '  *    f ';  >/:  :    . 

Dion  of  tons  of  shipping  annuS^nteX^s^^^^^^^^  ,  '?'"'  I  ''''J\t'  I 

^dthatthepeMentaglofbsse/hashpinn^^^^^^^  be  r/"'        .v^  j   .     N 

WdahandlriTchannelloi-theTevso^^^^^  ^      — -        ')^  ^  if^ 

The  tonnage  inward  and  outward  hx,  olo    r       ^ 


iThe  disasters  at  Key  West  for  t}i«  »nr«« 

Inber.  and  on  the  uppTr  St  law^ence  Kfi'  ^^'%  ^^"*  ^'^ 
II  Mpntreal,  two  huncCS  and  slXSee'  whTrH  ^1"  ®"P^"°^ 
Ive  steamers,  three  propeUers  and  tSl  '  4?^^  *^^  ^porter, 

lof  existence  entirefy'^       '  f  "*  thuty^even  sa^hng  vesseirwenj 

^  bebnging  to  the  uSteTK^igd'oLX'S^^^  ^'*  °'  "^^^^  "^ 
Khanextentof  landlocked  na^gaSn  as  thp  s*  t 
.between  the  pibt.«x,und  (neT,^  sZfnav^L/rT?  P'^ 
«  be,  m  thick  weafc,  or  snow  ^tS^  ^K.^^  Atlantic 
elt  not  for  the  great  width  of  ^tin?!?';  ^,°"«d««d  hazardous, 
«J-five  miles.  S  averaSn?ov^?XTtT.  '  i"^'^^''^.  ^«««  ^^ 
•W  near  the  channTlSX^LttS^r^pl^ 


418 


H,  Doc.    1< 


,      t    J  ;»  on  iinprrine  ffuide.    On  entering  the  rivei 
fi^  weaAer>e  lea^^^^^^^  ,ay  toth.  pilot-ground, 

the  south  8^?'*P^' ""iSwlv  that  a  vessel  may  at  any  point  deter^ 
the  water  shoaljng  so  '^XLe  within  a  mile  by  the  W  alone. 
,„ine  her  distance  ^^^""^^  ^^oacHh^  shore  within  this  (Ustance. 
while  at  all  points  she  ""f^PP'°^^^^^^  Monts,  (with  a  light-house  one 
The  admirable  posxUon  of  fPf ^^f '^^^^^  ^^^  a  bold  shore  several 
hundred  feet  above  '^^^^^^^^y^l'SL^e,  forms,  with  its  anchor- 
^:inZtsSrtcZt:l  p^rof  departure  for  inward  and  out- 

hances  the  val-^^f  ^^^  ^^^ ceSro?^^^^^      steam  navigatio^ 
mumcation  with  ^^^"l;^^  J^^^  drawbacks  to  ocean  steam  navigatior' 
and  commerce.     ^'^^J    ,  »„.•  u  ^^^i  be  carried  and  the  resistano 
are,  the  quanUty  <>y^;f  J^^^^^J^^^^^^ 

which  a  heavy  sea  o^^J^^^^^'E^^e  reduced  to  a  minimum.   Tb 
On  the  St.  Lawrence  route  tee^e  Newfoundland,  or  t. 

distance  from  the  coast  o^  1^1^^^^  ^^  ^^^  -^  fo„„d  i, 

Ae  straits  of  ^^^J-^^^^  w  sfeUb    qualities,  at  several  points  L 
abundance  an^^of^cel^^^^^  of  the  voyage  to  Que- 

the  Gulf  ot  bt.  ^^^^*^"^,.    1-,  smooth  water,  as  the  steaiser  will 

«e.m  »f  •«*« '^]'„^™rof SX  are  now  receiving  m^ 
inasmuch  as  the  g"™"^'"  f'    „~.^amers  to  ply  upon  thBio 

during  the  sef"" "'"^^^^^t  Portland,  for  the  present, andM 

-    "'?^^^fb^.^XSfS'««inducen,ent.whie.,M» 
course— in  Other  words,  to  the 

SBA-TRADE  OF  CANADA. 

\    .    lo^fOupbec  is  timber,  and  hitherto  her  U-. 

The  great  staple  of  ^^"^'^''^^^le   Montreal  being  the  point  wl 

been  chieHy  ^'^^^''^^'^.fl'Z^rT^Zce  are  excha^edfa 
the  agricultural,  exports  onhejlgrj^^^^    districts.  The  tui 

aupples  of  fo^.^g^'e  Ottowa  rWer,  (which,  with  its  numeroo. 

is  chiefly  suppUed  by  tb«."^^J^  ":^r'  Lgrten  thousand  square 

important  tributaries,  drains  an  area  ^^'^^^^'^^-^.rth  shole  of  ^ 

ofTefinejtpm^be^ng^bnd.)^^^ 

Oiiiafk)>  whudria  drained  Dy^a  ^^„  — -    ^  ^^^^^ 

escaping  the  o^n  water  of  ^^^^'^JJ'^       „give  process  of  ra 


^>i,<i 


..;;.^., 


■'m*'r  Doe*  "4110. 


measure;  beside,  some  fifty  thou'sMdtm^'/"^ "'"'''"«  °^feet,  board 

ooe  million  six  h^dred  and  fiit/  thn"«»S  *  *^®  ^°")  ^ountinR  to 
Ug  .prices  of  that  ye^i,,  leVLnZeti'^S^r  ""t  ^°«^''  ^'  *»S 
IJteducing  the  cubic  to  superticfal  mL.        r     f^  "i^bons  of  dollars 

U  Altoy  „d  B»gorXXX"„?'S,„t'*JrK''°  of  compSZ 
fcluave  of  staves,  lath-wood    *o  f  L      i?      ®  timber  and  deals  ^pt 
[«^edfivehundred  .^Sons  S^i?"^S.Vf  ^^^^^^  in  that^ 
Iceeded  twenty^,ne  milli6hs  of  cuWc  feet  of  '•  °?  '^"'*^^  o^^/ex. 
Imenty-four  and  a  quarter  millions,  loadLa[n^}fuL^^  *^  «^Port 
limndred  vessels,  of  an  as^epntf>  f«L         ?  ^^'"'^  thirteen  or  fourtppn 
The  Mowing  shows TeTumbe"^f/f  «-«r  half  a  million"      " 
U  outward  in  Quebec,  with  Se  ex  "1 '°?"T  ^^.^^^^Hs  inward 
ading  article,)  for  the  last  eight  years /^"       ^Kite-pine  timbe.,  (the 


453, 8»4 

584,540 

572,373 

489, 8ir 

457,430 

481,287 

494,021 

586,093 


11,950,138 
16.888,880 
14,399,220 

8.686.440 
10,7gA680 
ll>02I,«iO 
13,040,iaO 
15,941,600 


teS&rwKi.^/fiX':'^;!;  any  year  p.™„s  .o^;;: 


»7,  .^^»  """"  *»*yy  cleared  nut  «,;*k  J"'  -^  i^'^viuus  to  issi 
551  Je  .««&r  of  vessels  o7^^Th  le^  V^T^'  °^  ^^^'^^O-  & 
«n  that  of  any  former  ve^r     i?         'I'  ''"^  *^^  tonnage  is  ineateT 


^  value  of  exports  from  On^W  i        ?**  "^^^  reduced, 
^.which  r^  n^Srfy  o^'Tuif^^^^^  ^^  market  jWce 

£S  when  the  pi^ce  of  timber  w^  Wah£  TJ*    ?  ^  greatest 
jMdjWhich  is  tile  true  mZ^e Tth^?.      *  ^^''""S^  ^^  tonnage 

Was  the  articles  are ireneS  m^lJ^  i"^'^  ,°*  ^«  prosperity  of 
M  in  value  aa  the^^    "'*'"^^^««.^hi'ihdonot  fc^te 


1  I 


!     O. 


,      -tT    »   •  '  J  r  •        i    Jli' 


tir  .  *  "       -'iif  r  I 


.:  ^ 


[1841 
[18(3. 


.^217,917 
.  216,670 
.  402,227 
.  655,869 


«871,668 

866,680 

1,608,908 

2,683,476 


490 


1845. 

1846 •* 

1847 

1848 

1849 

I860... 

1861 


...•• •• 


.  ...^ ' 


£712,398 
760,983 
796,917 
574,208 

,r.  438,673 
686,441 

.     833,904 


$2,849,593 
3,003,932 
3,187,668 
2,296,832 
1,754,692 
2,745,764 
3,335,61B 


f  e^m  inland,  which  for  1861   includes  transit 
.S^^forStS^-ho..asfoUows: 


goods  for 


Year. 


By  t»- 


Inland. 


,S130,988 
162,912 

756,588 


Total  export. 


jel,241,215 
1,297,523 
1,594,394 


$4,964,8 
5,190,09 
6,377,5761 


1R49  .      $4,833,872 

1860    "    -        6,027,180 

irr.:::.   6,021,988 

___— — — ^ 

' — "        "  1    •       ^f  milwav  and  other  iron,  ii 

toUcy  of  the  mother  country.  ^  sea-trade  of  Canada,  it  bt 

^fo  order,  however,  to  P^^^f^^^^^S  aTone  port.    The  value  of 
r^eZry  o  treatQuebec  «^d^°"^5etten  double  those  of  Mont 
^r^f  Quebec  is  generally  «^^^^^  This! 

w&e  the^irpports  of  the  latter  .^e^o  ^^^^^  ^  ^      ,^y,, 

difference  is  sensibly  lessenM^mto^^^^^  .^  transit  to  we 

becoming  the  point  o^.^X  Sv  m^'^««  "^^  ^'^''^  ^'  "^^i 
States,  which  will  relatively  rf^^^^^^rt,  no  corresponding  decl 
wWleVas  she  wiU  always  be  .^^^f^^^^^v^^rf  the  largest  burden 
rfhei  exports  is  to  be  ^^^^^%  ff^e  anproacf  to.Montrea 
brought  up  to  Quebec  ^y '^^  ^^*;,in  Lake  ^t^  Peter,  giving  at 

Sted  by  the  «h^ll?Tfnd  is  bTdeSed  with  a  towage  a^m^ 
vrater  ody  thirteen  ^^^'^  f^^^^^  rdeTpenina  Ldce  St  ^ 
currentof  the  nver.    The  work  o^^^^^    ^^.^        ther  year  or 

progress,  V^ith  ^^^  J'^^^Pf.^^L  may  come  to  Montreal 
?e  Jels  drawing  ^.tr  ntreTare  fr^uently  obliged  to  hghte  a 
Vessels  loa(fing  at  p^tr^f,  f  f  ^^g^d  are,  therefore,  reclea« 
tion  of  their  cargo  through  ^e  la^.  ffps  which  Btop°tgueH 

rfteSe  coLnerce  of  the  two  ports.  ^  j^^^  ^nd  river* 

ASSi!by  means  of  the  ship^^I'^^t^Tand  cdthoughthereguM 

of  ^aLry  on  -  ^-^jJ^^S^rtik^-^^^^^ 

lequire  their  exports  to  be  reported  at  i.  ^^  „p  ^m 


*  HI  Doc.  lae.  ^ 

lo  the  (bliowiW  stalement  tha  •  •  iP** 

x-1-     vytuiuua  ports  are  innh^^^^ . 


««!  those  under  ^ontier  bond  for  U^^CZtS'^^^/^^^'^Sta.. 
„         ,    ,  *^^  ^'^'^  Po«8  are  included; 

6m  trade  o/poris  of  Montreal  and  Quel^      r 


Jlmports  at  QueJ)ec, . .  .$4,091,204 
■Impfflts  at  Montreal. . .  9,177  164 
|JiDpart8  direct  per  in-  * 

land  ports,  not  repoh- 


Exerts    frS^I^^*^  2,503,916 
ports  dir( ' 


edekewhere 3  1  aa  qi  /»       P"*"*^  ^""1 

.  .  .-..^.144,316^    J)ortedels( 

„otal  imports  at  and  ~~~~    '^^^^}.  expoi^ 

I  through  Montreal  and         ^  !l    ^^ '"land  n 

'Q"«^ «16,412,684 

fhich  makes  the  cross  valu^  ^c  *\ 

t.l.«d  Quebec  t  >S5,^:„lf  ?„^,\P;«  «  ^port-trade  of  M«.. 

Shijp-buUding.    , 

fc^tenteSg'^^^^^^^^ 

^  ^'"'/r  °^J"«««l«  b"''  t  rCe  from  ^^^^  largest^^lass  Ve*! 
J.and  there  has  been  latelySlXd  a\  i'^°°  *°"«  ^"^  "P- 
J'  to  mspect  and  class  the  ships  '  *  ^^''*^^"^  " J^^ds  sJfl 
l«averj|ge  cost  is  as  follows:  ./,    - - 

Band  spars / 

Mete  for  sea..".*.'!;;::;;; ••••'■••••22  to  830 per  ton. 

■^number  built  were,  in       ^2  to    40       " 

[m  24  square-rigged,  18,687  tons,-)  V  Tow  ton.. 

SS  28,828    '«      /an^Lii  f  19,909 

S'S      "         "       29,184    «     P^*?'^^r*^''aft,j24  396 

P^^'40      "         "      38.909    «     1     "^'^"g' "1  all,    j  30,387 

-'  I  40,667 

^^ond  tonnage, 
•"■^  "'^""•-■^•oU.  lower  colomesw.,:  ? 


.J.,-  Y^  ■ 


■  s    ,.«^, 


n 


*  » 


_^  H»  Doc.  136. 

4**  ,  g^jjfl  via  the  United 


,.    V  „-!       Total  value  of        Total  value  of 
Exported  by  aea-jExp^r^^a  in  boud.1    To^^^^^^         |        ^^^ 


Year. 


$32i369 

68,487 
119,353 


$148,940 
260,681 
361,144 


1ft49     -   S116,581 
llto  "■  .U  202,194 

1°»"* r     241,791 

1851 '**^' 

— - — ^ —  „♦  nf  the  sea  and  inland  trade  I 

The  following  i- -^iSir 
of  Canada,  contraoted  for  1861  I 


,  r  ♦v,^  imnorts  at  United  States 
«he  exports  inland  are  ^»  ^"^a^X^o?  the  sea  n=jriy  dd 
Mm-house^  This  makes  the  ^f  °"  thi  Ktoss  trade  of  Caaada, « 1 
Sat  of  the  inland  ''="^^^'^  J^'lVmrmnount  to  tm.wM 
Ifte  of  her  e^rts  and  «5gf  ^^^  $11,000,000  exports,  hi 
ihich  t24,000,000  are  irajfttB,  "Pi^^-^'gof  ghips  boAl  tor  iM 
rJ^  there  should  be  mclnded  *f  ™'f  3,°^  J  mdervalaalM 
gC*  t  least  «.0««;«»»™'  '^  h^'t^Mlestinrnteof  *es 
SeTS^aSaTf  iXXnot  fall  short  of  a  value  *  *■.> 

either  of  imports  in  ™""".^;^,  Uiercfore,  no  means  of  c»P 
t.,i.i>.he  s^ple^o^^glg^^ya^a^^g-,  .„ae;  yet  the  ^.^ 


oTlSSOf 


The  imoorts  c/Uerei  at  inland  pons,  k,      ^ 


l,Jf 


^  ijsl/  ' 


-J 


|i£iii!. 


and  inland  trade  I 


1,006,028       tll,341,fl 


Total,  $11,941,5 
Total,  $23,406,18 


H.  Doc.   136. 


42S 


Montreal  and  QueBec $6  622  232 

Ljnland  ports 5,'491,'336 


"*,  Total. 


12,013,568 


$8,931,868 
8,050,200 


16,982,068 


« 12,652,780 
10,697,660 


23,260,440 


\J^&,tCt'  *■"•"■  *^  '='"<'™-  ^  "«l«r  f„.ei 


Yew. 


bS49. 
1850. 
1851. 


Colonies. 


8195,668 
385,616 
497,400 


Other  foreign 
countriea. 


6167,296 
365,216 
939,976 


gn  coun- 


Tot«l. 


$362,964 

750,832 

1,437,376 


■fcfcrmer  is,  in  a  Sea"  metS^H     °^T' "    The  rapid  i„crea« 
p  to.,  U,e  growToflrSpanlT  West'  S*  *'*  't'  '^'• 

fa,  are  reported  fi»m  "„d,erKfg„  couL?,''.''t''T'''^''  '» 
lower  invoice.  ^    t^ountries,    in  order  to  pass 

fc^r^vSfyira;^^^^^^^^^^^^  '"  ^«^«  -^  1851,  the  only 

Sn  as  foUows :  ^        ^  '''^"  permuted  to  carry  to  England,  ha 


ray. 


States. 


den, 


over. 


1850. 

45 

vessels. 

a 

dp. 

w 

'<do. 

3 

do. 

1 

,tlo. 

0 

do. 

2 

do. 

1 
1 


do. 
do. 


'      1851. 
47  vessels. 
^5     do. 
21     do. 

a    do. 

3    do. 

2    do. 

1     do. 
,0    do. 

0     do. 


'  ,-*  -^  ». 


»  » 


m     da 


i»'"  '' ' ;; ':!  •' 

,.     >i*^      *    '.-"It    1 


>r    •  #     *> 


7t 


^rtiV:' 


\     .      ^      ■'    'lip* 


"f '  I 


I 
It 


r»>dd„g  37,554  ,oW.)      (maki„V80,7T6  ten,.) 
^tfc;^  o^t^.^"  *''!!»■-  <"■  '-"berk  Q*bec,  g„„. 


1    '-»        *      ?        iv,         .  i    -hi 


:f» 


v^ 


m 


H.  Doc.   136.' 


.       „; -^„  the  completion  of  the  canals  bas 
io^ports  are  rapidly  inci^a^-g^^^^^^^^  The  present  reg 

letWn  lake  ^««^«^^J?  ^JessS  from  descending  below  Montreal, 
^d^SSuriou8to"Ss  commerce. 

Port  of  Montreal. 
Latitude  r  31'-^^'^^"^^'^'^  73035'west;  population  in  1851, 
-^i^it^fatt^hea^of^a^^n^^ 

Jrce  is  -o-/Sr"uSro^^^^^^^  -^  .possesses  w.bn  Uself  every 
tUe  area,  more  numerous  dpF  ,^^j^^  „      ,  , 

^qvusite  for  the  support  of  a  argejop  ^,^^^  ^^         »  Royal  moun- 

Montreal  is  picturesquely  situate^  ai  .^^^j^  ^^  ^^^^  ^,^^  1 

tai!:-  U  Xch  itta^es  g^^J^XeS  whichfboth  in  fertility^d 

fluence  of  the  .^"f^^^"^^^^^  of  Canada  East 

cultivation,is  justly  considered  in    g  ^^.^^  .^  ^^^  timber  h.ghway  to 

The  main  branch  of  the  Uttaw.  ^^  ^^^^^ 

Quebec,  passes  "orth  «f  Montr^^^^^^^ 

about  eigW",n"l««,^f^^7i,Ue  S  .  Louis,  and  joining,  but  not  mingJ 
however,  discharged  into  Lake  »t  ^  g,dt,d 

hng,  at  Caughnawaga,  the  .^^^  ^f  ^"^k  waters  of  the  Ottawa  wa^h^ 
Sis  and  tSeJJorman  rap|d-^^^^^^^^^  Lawrence  occupies  the  othel 
irrdo'fh?;  fo^^^^  character  until  they  are  severa] 

LuS  Clow  Montreal.  unsurpassed  by  those  of  any  atyi 

The  quays  of  Montreal  a^f  ""^  J  :^^^^„  ^ith  the  locks  andc« 
America :  built  of  solid  ^^^f  "^J  hey  prfsent,  for  several  mile, 
f^one  wharves  of  the  Lacb^"„^^^^^^^^^^  ^^^  h^Is     Like 

disDlav  of  continuous  ™»?°'?'T^.„"„':„htlv warehouses disfigurei 
tSf  the  Ohio.ai^  Missi^sip^.  no  un.gM^^  ^.^^^^^^^^  J 

river-^ide.    A  ^road  term^^^^^^  i^^n  raiUng.  divides  d 

;]: .       Montreal  being  the  termimis  of  ""^"J  "^^.^i^ary  quantity  of  "ancM 
«  Se  rapids  of  Ae  St.  Lawrence  an  ex^raora       >  ^^^  ^^  ^.^^^^^   d 

'idXndage"  ice  is  bro"g^  down  o^^e  ap^^^^^^  ^.^^^^^^n 

is  first  anested  at  Uie  delta  entenng  1^  ^^ested  ice,  is  H 

the  city.    The  surface  here,  bein^  co  ^:j.  ^     ^^  ^^ 

mill-pJnd,)  but  Peeked,  and  ja^mea^  ^^^  river.wh.cl.tb 

Siyacotisiderableppmonof  hewa^^^^^^^         .^^  ^^^  ^f  d    U 

uwn  commences  to  nse  m  o™",%'y,„|,or  remains  permanent^ 
Kwi«pr  level  of  T^^^^^f^rab^'^e  5^^^^^       onKcovena 
a  point  some  ten  or  fifteen  leet  aoo 


-t-A.*-.. 


;:i^' 


lulation  in  1851, 


^  iboc,  136.  ,425 

wharves,  which  are  invisible  until  thp  rlpno^,  r  ^l  . 
riverhas  become  sufficiently  ekvated  to  86^^^  °^'^^  ''^Z  -^^^^  ^^^^ 
the  floating  masses  on  its  surface  aL  &,^?rbmfnPlT^n  ^°'  "^^^^^^«' 
thenigged  aspect  of  a  quarry;  and,  aE^ver^l^  ^^1^^"'  presenting 
surfece  attains  a  state  of  rest.  The  adinr  ?  ^?"^"^sive  throes,  the 
U,  when,  after  some  magnificent  Slav.  ?/h ^/^^,?  ^'^^^'  *« 
[j^e  departs  .  ^.,  .,a  IH  twentyZfe^  S^XK^TS 

.stations  of  both.floating  and  suCe  "Tic^  ^^^^^^^^^  momentai^^r. 
ibove  mstanUy  nses  until  a  "head  "  nfJ?  •  P  ^'  ^^^'^  ^^^  "ver 
'  jifully  irresistible.  The  solid  cru<J  nT  ^  '"  'Accumulated  which  is 
^feet  in  thickness,  is  summaX  nnd  «*iT  f^e  surface,  two  or 
Jghtandleft;  a  fidd  of  iceTeranf  J"?  srf?lcfenly  hfted  and  forced 
Eia motion,  and,  crushing  aSKuSt'^"^^  ^"^'^^  ^'^  ^^^^'  ^^ 
Ud,untU  it  is  piled  "m?unS  £i''  in  i'l"^^^'? ''  ^'''''^^  "P- 
k  No  warehouses  can  be  erected  nn  tK  ^^  "^r^JL^  ^"  ^""t  of  tie 
tg  an  effectual  barrier  between  ^^^^^^^^^  %«  '^^^^^'  first 

sft  of  any  description  can  be  Sid  un  ^  ,K  ^^ '"'^'^'"^  ^^^ '  ^"^  »« 
hich  presents  the  unique  spectacle  of /fhr  "^'"'^^  '"  '^''  ^""'^'^ 

^l/five  months.  not\  spS  is  to  be  .een  '"^  ''''^''  ^"  ^^h'^^'  ^^ 
I  Montreal  occupies  the  centre  of  nn  ^w^^  •  i  • 
Ln  by  the  St.  Lawrence  and  Oftnlu  ?^-'"'  ^"^  ^»  ^^'^^y  di- 
Wvei  large  and  ferdLLand.^nn?  '  ^''^  T''  tributaries,  form- 
thecity.  t-his  plat  a  S'Sr'  ^°*e  mainour  occupied 
hr  from  die  Atlantic,  is  sSvpW^.  T^  "^^'^"^  "^^^«  by  the 

Uter,  and.  in  the  Cds  o7  tlfe  tovSi.r  ^""^•^'■^^  ^"^'  ^^^ 
fvaUey  proper  of  the  St   I  aJrln  P'^"'"'"^'^^  geologist,  "constititoes 

U7natLofthemLriaTS^^^^^^  «f^ty 

Py  levigated  deposite  or^^X^^t^t::^':^/  t^^  ^'^^ 
M  rendering  it  impossible  to  conceive  nffr*  "^  "^^'^^^oua 
[purposes  of  ^riculture."  ^""^^ive  of  a  region  more  fitted  fo/ 

^sea  tonnage  of  the  port  of  Montreal  was— 


'.'  y\ 


4  -■• 


—6  ara  Dy  aea,  because  vessels  partly  laden  at  Moo- 


5% 


^^96 


1  -  H 

H.  !)<*•  *^ 


1       A  .t  Quebec.    The  abote  return  refers  only  to  v«. 
treal  are  recleared  at  tlueoec. 

sels  from  and  to  sea.  .g^stered  under  the  imFrial  act,  com- 

The  tonnage  pf  the  port'  ^^^ 

prises  176  vessels.  n^f^g^^^tS  duties  collected  is- 
Thib  progressive  value^of  imports  anu  u 


1848...... 

1849 

1860 

1861..... 


$6,925,672 
6,183,892 
7,172,792 
9,179,224 


Dutiei. 


1561,916 

767,404 

1,032,636 

1,256,760 


__— —  hhj — .— — ^  I 

*•«„  nn  thp  26th  of  April,  1849,  ifrl 
ereUg^T^t^^a:  ^Sut  thity per  cent.on  for.er^J 
f  The  progressive  exports  have  been-  | 


■»:*\ 


$1,288,244 
1,610,944 
1,768,644 
2,231,500 


$44,496 
90,016 
89,660 

272,416 


$1,332,71 
1,700,9 
1,858,2 
2,503^91] 


,„  .he  e^rt,  or  "?V^,fn^^„,  ™Sred,  but  fm  up  J 
Hamilton,  and  other  "^J^  "^  J^  -^y^^  ^,^  No  aggtegJ 
..ftontier  boml,"  and  are  mattered  o™'»^^  ^ai„e  can  only  be  J 
accounts  of  these  are  P°W«W,^^tbe^  ^^^ 

tained  at  inland  F"»-    ^iTJITd  for  1861,  was  $1,806.1«; 
«tr"rti;e''T-St  g-Xt*  for  foreign  and  dc.e«, 

•-Th^^rdrSttclude^^au^U^^^^^^^^ 


)f  April,  1849,  in.  I 
it.  on  former  rml 


»;  ©56:  186.  W 

n»  ibllowirig  are  the  countries  imported  from :"  •         \ 

GiwtfBritain 

United. States -".,...' '•'  ^7,358,988 

I  British  North  American  colonies ' * 1,081,378 

Other  foreign  States,  viz  J  West  Indies* "  FrannZ*  p  U"  '  *,'  ^^^'^^pl 

484,612 


Total. 


9,177,164 


,  The  trade  between  Montreal  and  thp  Inwor  ^  i    ■      •     , 

tteMtowingstatementof  the  value  of  im^^^^^    I'"'^^''  '^  '^^^  ^J 
berof  barrels  of  flour  sent  fn :  ^"^  ^"^  ^^P^^^^'  and  num. 


Im. 


Total  value  of 
importo. 


h849. 


$129,748 
236,8^4 

258,200 


Total  Tains  of 
exports. 


S177,448 
435,736 

480,728 


No.  ofbbk  of  I 
flour  exported. 


Bemarka. 


35,082 
r7,461 

90,089 


\ 


2,621  in  foreign  vessels^ 
and  therefore  cleared 
from  Quebec. 


The  exports  for  1851,  being  all  clearpH  nnt««>^,i 
b  b>  r  f„r„,er  ye^r,  bft  l"'S^t"F^«'^rit f  ^ ^ 
«,  because  at  that  time  all  imiSrts  for  llS.,  <^       .     ^'^ 
«1  in«»rd  at  Monf^al,  but,  siacXe  cj^ninfe  sfllUn- 

[  TJe  trade  between  Montreal  and  the  United  StatP,  ;«  Atsm^  i  •  u 
Uontier  «,rts  of  St.  John  and  Rouse's  St  on  lX  Kn^-"^ 
W  cannot  be  separated.  ^^  t^hamplam^ 

Kr'  '"'"'"^  **  -^""^^^  ^^  St.  John  from   the  UnjM 


TMur. 


Hontreal. 


<632»20g 


T 


772,104 
1,081,372 


St.  John. 


Total  currency.     Total  dollan, 


»M13,-640^ 
1,477,784 
1,947,462 


««36,it83 
662,472 
767,206 


•%^  •.  .  .'  •    IT 


*.* 


2,249,888 
3,038,824 


t!:^ 


•     * 
4 


V 


,f 


•i;''j 


'^f  ^'vl  • 


r 


•1 '  1- 


'•'xna. 


iv 


i\ 


U  'I 


r — (T — '» ^ —  ■  — 


1f 


*        I' 

'    -       if 


rs 


*  J 

s  r 


•r/ 


'% 


408 


The  exports  were: 


fj028 
X2i4,836 
,    906p6 


,  ^rts  at  St.  J(ln  X^s  -__ 
iiifkncl  lumber.  Large  quantities,  m 
Si^et  thrqugh  Lake  Champlam ;  but, 

the  most  profitable,  m^  imther  aU 


n 


^ 


tiit^nA  ports.  '  -.  *^ 

ftP  thSnland  ports  is  somewhat  compllcaterf%  the  man- 
'     t£  fmotrts      These  "consist  of  fout  class6sf>iz:    Im. 
ner  oi  iniu^g  tbe  imports.^^^  ^    ^   Imports  import^  m  bon  j 

pbrts  P"rc%^d^ii^,«J?  tlo      q    Imoorts  by  sea,  via  Mot^al  and 
ijk)ugb  thfUr^ted  SuteS'  J.  Xf^^^^ 

fcia^aeX  r^orri^Zce^of  the  consumpUon- of ., 

P**"^'  •   '  ■      -^.^mhtaAland  ports,  of  which  about  thirty  are 

'^Thei^  are  about  ^^J^^f'^  ^hfS  of  the  greater  number  is  ex- 
warehousing  dnes.    9/5^^^,^,'^^^^^  or  bonded  articles. 

.iusively  wftb  die  Un^ed  f^^^^^^^f^e^^^^^^  establishing  a  direct 
But  the  more  «?r ^^^ Jjf  poC^S  the^ow  colonies,  ftnd  very 
"^M^^  Sn  fnVS'inCfisheries,  for  which  they  can  fit^ 

ind  provision  at  the  c^^^^f XT'^  ^^^  United  States  is  almost  wWl- 
^       As  the  uade between panadaand t^^  tmue  ^  ^^ 

^TSfolSi^g^««™--how,  .helper.  fn,m,  ^ 

Canada  for  the  year  1851:  _^:^^ 


In  bond. 
Free 


Total 


1,593,324 
94,464 


3^312,260 


Foreigti  under  bot 
Do.noturi(|erb"' 


Tpjtal. 


.  w»*  •  *| 


( 

949 

P  .. 

^l ' 

Ti»  decrease  in 
Kased  quantity 

•  -■■(» . 


S: 


H.  Do*;-  18». 


%*%;",' ! 


OUi 


^tercourse  between  Canada  and  the  United  8f»»b 
the  JbUowing.  statement  nF  !u    .    ^""ed  btaffes  may 
161,;  ^  siatement  of^  the  tonnage  inward  ahd 


'%'  V- .  . 


.      /     Inward  and  otitward. 


l»eim,A^ricw[i 

IftNmBrituh ;.'. ••• l.»77,84l>„ _^. 

|y,imeriean 1,409,678  J    3.387,51»^ 

■""■""-■^ 293,537  >       ,,„, 

408400{       '^01.937 


Total  inward  and  outward,  toM. 


.%#.    4,089,45^    ^ 


iThe  comparative  values  of  exports  and.imports  have  been- 


Year. 


li.^ 


Importe  from 
Canada. 


Exports  to 
Canada. 


«3,582,059> 
4,513,796 
3,312,250 


84,971,42^ 
6,594,860 
8,936,23& 


'  1. 


+* 


iV/ 


•  V.  " 


'^Sfli;:; ! 


#    It 


,   ."»'■; 


'      V 


* 

<    * 


1... 


ft^ 


feis 


nri^wpi^^jri 


1.  -  -^  .  •   ;;;*"  ^      "  "^       ^  ^ 


480 


^    H^  Doc*  186. 


From  the  Uidted  Statei. 


Port 


■ '  iwrrs;r's.»-ii 


parts. 


Toronto ff  ^ 

Hamilton ^\f^ 

St:  John 3,216 

Kingston 11.^^-5 

Stanley. rVoiG* 

BrockviUe 3.246 

Prescott -^'^^^ 

OakviUe •rVft-yi' 

Cobourg. '*'*'^ 


$2,601,9? 


52 

'2,198.300 

1,948,460 

1,026,292 

292,636 

239,712 

122,462 

•     212,844 

14^,376 


$1,526,620 
1,049,766 
1,774,696 
916,912 
-    284,872 
164,768 
106,936 
42,676 
126,464 


•The  pn.gre.ss  of  U,e  W«>d  ports  is  shown  by  the  values  o.  i.p. 
for  the  following  years: 


«,        .  ,    S788,900 

HMaa^n 1,106,692 

f:J°^^- i      303  788 

Km&s^". 161,608 

■Stanley- ---1       ^gggS 


BrockviUe 

<Oakville 

Cobourg 


27,660 
63,268 


$1,316,462  1 
1,123,024 
1,213,640 
384,044 
166,220 
160,404 
31,076 
68,424 


|$2,638,888 
1,683,132 
1,477,784 
499,040 
208,452 
231,940 
41,664 
87,244 


1,948,4 
1,026,^ 


St.  Johi.,  P™P*"ffe2n»'Sta.bled  in  the  W  »«  ^^J^ 

lS«rt  of  produce.  ^J^^^^^u^tiZ  are  L  high,  ijer  head,  i 
tSTand  nqcesgary  products  otcivmz^,  '     ,    .1 

Te  best  agricultunfi  districts  of  the  ^^9^^  ^  be  noticed,  vuj 

Huds^n's'^bayaadL^eSul^nor.    ^ef ^J^^^^ho  say  >.^ 
£aultSte.  Marie  are  by  tN  route.    ««     v  \^  | 


>!Ah,Vi!i    >  i,^>ilii£Mik0kjt 


ted  Statei. 


Duty  ooUe'cttd. 


S236,780 
165,124 
244,492 
^2,584 
47,232 
28,0361 
11,3161 
6,2$il 
,    13,940| 


lues  on  import 


1851. 


}88 

L32 

JSi 

940 

462 

940 

564 

,244 


$2#1,98 

1,948',4 
1,026,4! 
292,« 
239,7| 

2m 

142,S 


!  Stanley^  Dovj 
oronto,  ^amill 

«rhitby;^M 
in  Lower  Ca 

jttenye^n, 
B  been  equaByJ 
jress  to  nave  H 
Upper  Canada! 
of  nil  the  I 
igh,ijerliead, 

36  noticed,  viz:j 
f  of  the  import 
^Ho  say  what  I 


a. 

4m. 


^  tk  Doc  186. 

river,  at  Albany,  and  lake  E^H  B^ffyo'  ^'IT  '^'  ^"'^^^ 
Britain  is  shorter  this  way  than  bv  the  lak^n'i  ^  *^,  sea-route  to 
or  Boston.  All  the  supples  md  e^ns  StL  H  ^''"^''S''  ^^^  ^°^^' 
^carriedby  sea;  i  alTho^Hrseton  "?!  "  f^^-^^^ 
toted,  yet  it  embraces  an  importL  p^ Tthe  yi^^^T'"'''  ''  ^^"^ 
«;S^r^r  "'^  -Ues  aS'i.porLt  as  I^g  the  'imports  and 


\}hme  imports  (principal  articles)  into  Canada 

in  1851. 


from  the  United  Slates 


iTea ,. 

iTobacco 

ICottoa  manufactures . 

IWoollen ...  do 

|Hardwai^<),do 

f-ware 

land  shoes 

er  manufactures. 


Articlei. 


er  (tanned)^ . . 
I(iwtpaim) 


% 


>••••••  I 


I  manufactures. [ 

irubber.do.* . . .  w-.\'! !  *  * 


* «  «  •  •  •  •  I 

'•••••••a   _, 


numerated. 


#■' 


•Rrtalvaliieord-ufiibfe 
States  in  1861 . . . 


imi 


tsfrom  the  United 


;:%i' 


•  ^tv.-c 


$893,216 
403.860 
666,124 
446,260 
•  318,844 
63,724 
86,768 
42,692 
47,388 
89,204 
126,232 
47,804 
32,996 
19,920 
278,460 
19,296 
79,816 
'   19,828 
38,662 
44.264 
80,768 
63,960' 
12,680 
116,988 
81,144 
7,644 
3,922,044 


7,143,384 


'K~: 


■^^■•: 


!  (princij^ 


l^)f^Canhda  toOieUfntedStatesinmi 
Articles. 


Qnantlty.     1       Value. 


Ashes,  v-,-/ '       feet.    113,416 

Luinbet:^^./ _. 12,374 

Shingltfe^-*---,-'-","-;;; ..head.  12,989 

Cat^ef«  kinds  and  sues y    ^^  ^-^^ 

Horaeft^f-T^* .pounds.  163,644 

Vfam-^ bushels.  708,400 

Whiat barrels.  331,978 

Flout- bushels.  146,662 

Barley  and  rye- ..do...  85,200 

g^uis  and  peS» .do. . .  617,405 

Oats -Jr ■* .'  jt  .cwt.l       3,660 

Butter  ;..--.••  

Eggs 


'.'.dozens.    474,481 


.Hi 


"  lti5,99-2 
766,6281 
2f),732| 
14».lll 
185,B13| 
41,8961 
491,760| 
1,181,4 
75,69 
,41,68 
135,70 
'    38,0 

1,1 
4,929,0 


leratedp ■ 

?''^UvM&-*eipotts«.  United  Slater. 

In  concluding  tl|jr?Sl  *f  i^"  boMdedl  export  and  mott 
Rowing  *e  natn.«|^  <3^^^  ^ideinlapd  via  the  Umtt^Sl. 


'         *    ♦    -w    and  Bo«ton  l»<a.»o%  j 


■X 
Qoan 

Total... 

AuA 

380, 
723, 
712,i 

r'^-'ff' 


w 

-"-  mm 

tl6 

766,628 

174 

2p,732 

)89 

14fi,l^ 

r*? 

166,818 

944 

41,896 

400 

491,760 

978 

1,181,484 

652 

76,596 

200 

41,589 

405 

135,708 

,560 

'    38,0(H 

,481 

M 

^  I>oc*  186. 


m 


.    The.  following  statement  shows  the  val.,^  of        i 
bond  to  Cwada,  frjm  the  sLe  ports 7  ^"^  transported  in 


Dry  goO(ls . .' 
"  Iroadiron 


S66,942 
108,534 
107,049 
20,306 
27,7^6 
15,820 
19,516 
,  2,255 
/  i0,029 
13,158 
16,206 
19,007 
115,544 

545,142 


1«,709 

28,046 

3,162 

'   560 

338" 
13,388 

590,771 


S585,499 
.  108,534 
107,049 
•   28,381 
28,712 
16,820 
36,226 
30,301; 
19^191 
13,718' 
16,206 
19,345 
128j932 

1,138,913 


'eleiof  bondeJrapbrt.    The  foUnw^L^^       A  '""?■  ""^  principal 


^ree  years : 


\Ut. 


■X 


Received. 


Wfce^. 


Mnni 


ititjr, 


Value. 


Fl»ur. 


Exported. 


Wheat 


Qnantii^j    Yalae. 


330^74  #2324250 
72^653  504,715 
712,4031  481,213 


I.  Qmmtity.f  Value. 


Barrth. 

210,452l$777,416 
28248801,036,218 


Flotai-. 


itaty; f  Value.  Qu«%.  .Vitae.  # 


^,730  ♦216,369    206,343 
^'iM  475,311    262,037 


2W  -  846.814    513:i4l    ^^^^    t^S 


1.756,530 14il8,17B    743,084  2,660,44ep;i:;^r;;7n 


£; 


a!4633f7l 


'22 


$787,891 
966,649 
602,684 


8,337,13*- 


i9 


«      *  ■■'■ 


f 


V'%s'\l 


r  ■ 


/  ^r 


'^^14 


til.  iiiKu  ip' 

TotaU  in  three  yean. 


Exported. 

Quantity. 

YllM. 

1,478,704 
633,728 

mi 

^ ""  TTiR49  include  the  export  to  Canada; u 

The  foUowing  returns,  unull84y.»n^  ^^  iheilasttto 

J^  1  Tnarate  account  with  Canada  w  ,^   observed  that  sui 

"'^rl't^fSCly  tot^«  lower  colomes.    It  wui^^^^^^  ..^^^i    „. 

y^^  f  u  Jnmestic"  exporl;  has  decreasea.  ^^ 

1849^e  Uniiea  States  ^^^^f ^^  qua^itity  of,  W  fiirmshed 
UniS  more  than  three  times  «»eq      (.  wiadian  jlovr  gainedj 
In^^Z  Td  that  in  two  yf^^^^Hoi  coUectively,  the  suppy 


DamMtio. 


1  Foreign.  (ft«mCma^)         TotJ«,«t. 


1846.. 

1847.. 

1848.. 

1849.. 

I860.. 

1861.. 


Flour,  bbli 


310,091 

272,299 

274,206 

294,891 

214,934 

200,664 


,  Wbert,buA.  Fkmr,  bbU.  rWM»».  w»» 


.,  310,091 
646,068 •         •       272,299 


919,068 
309,789 
306,383 
198,319 
216,971 


'7,064 
4,311 
39,728 1 
79,806 


2,708  I  281,660 

....  299JW)2 

'24,932    264,667 

24,269  I  280,470 


^M'"'' 


1    I 


:¥ 


$1^ 

FT 


J\ 


Exported. 

otlty. 

Yil«. 

178,704 
633,723 

3^081 

tt^  Doc.  lae. 


■■/'/>•■ 


^^wiK' 


[lefrii^JvneSO. 


Ainericaa. 


noar. 


Caiudiiin. 


9846 
1847 
B848 
k819 
1850 

m 


Barrels. 
310,091 
272,299 
274,206 
294,891 
i^l4,934 
200,664 


'TMr6odiiigI)e«iBmber  31. 


^Tottrbysea.* 


Bamit. 
35,162 
66,196 
65,834 
79,492 
140,872 
164,766 


Bounded  via 
United  8tate«.t 


BamU. 


7,464 

4,311 

39,723 

79,806 


TotJ, 


Taken  by  lower 
coloniea. 


Bmrnh. 

345,243 
338,494 
347,694 
378,694 
394,429 
436,236 


t  Year  ending  Jane  30. 


Hsving  noticed  the  sea  and  inland  trnAf>  o««  .  i 
Lpanmve  statement  of  the  trad^nf  Pnno  f  P"l^^X'  "  ^"mmaiyand 
'^Le  years  is  submitted  The  vale  ^^^^  ^"  countriesZthe 
•^f«r  1861  is  here  taken  fiom  cln^an  L^^"^  "^ ^^  ^"^"^ 
with  the  like  values  of  1849  and  iR?n  J?^"*'  ""  °^^«'"  ^  «>m^ 
"  °' ^'***' ^°d  I860,  which  were  taken  from  the 


I  source. 


iKwfc-From  ninth  line  on  page  32,  read  thus: 

lllie  canal  tolls  levied  by  the  Stat«ftrivr;<.«,v    i         « 

t  p«»ing  through  her  c^aS  toward  tidlJ^^^  °"  ^""^^'^  P«>- 
V 1860  and  1861,  as  nearw  r«nU  L       ^**.®'"'  amounted  in  two 

dthoosand  douiVj^dTro^rtv  ™!?  ^^f  """«d.  ^  over  six  hm^ 

Dtide-water,  for  thi  3  S  S?ob2lv^°T^  *S?  '^'"^  "^^^^ 

%  about  iur  hu««lreT^T?ft^7ho„i^^^^ 

^l^the  Canadian  trade  tZ^^SL^  ""'^  ^°- 


fr 


•   ^T"    iV'    f  Ait* 


i        '  1     .  '  I'M 


^J     ♦,#        *' 


■.•V-.---  ■  •••  ;ii 


f, . 


i  '           'Mil 

•L'  I'"  i 

i'njf  ■  -  [tlili 

,  if  sill 


■ym% 


IF 


,r 


'mskf-^  t    I 


# 


ii 

Ml 

P 

fHHI 

^■ifei 

^        ■■ 

II 

J,  jm 

in 

i 

Hi''' 

c= 

■*  3  « 

M  o  2» 
8*  5»  TO 
ifc  iK  t^ 


?? 


JD  iS  P  kft 


§      1 


3  x  ■«?  —  I  q^ 


Hff 


iiiiyi 

-»  -"  r^  t 

.-1  11  I  5* 

«^  1 


sli 


J'.  ^^  r:  i^. .  I  "•» 

o  ■*  -3  "  I  ". 


«> 


^  :  '.  < 


'■pill 

1)  -a  ■[-  fl 


'  H.  Doc  136, 


48r 


In  Dohe  of  the  foregoing  imports  is  the  v^ue  of  railroad  iron   x. 
brought  via  Quebec,  m  transit  fSr  the  United  States  C\Xa      n\^Z 
ao^^ports  mclude  U.e  value  of  ships  built  S^Q^u^be'ctdSL" 

he  value  oi  transit  goods  for  the  United  Stat#  in  1851  was    *7i>o  t^nn ' 

V^riUo^ '"'''"  ^^^^  "^^"^^'^  3.^o'tons?at    *''''''' 
*•*• - 1,404,000 

tm^t^^" "J" ^''' '''^'''^ ^'^^^ f°r.^8si  ^^isl 

v..  THE  PUBLIC  WORKS  OF  CANADA. 

ftontario"  (exceeding,  jwo  hundSl  tjt  T of^ome ^Z^^^^^^^ 
Us  of  various  lengths,  W  twelve  miles' to  one  miir(bm  in  the 
^^Tift  ;'^^"^"t  "!i?^  ^^  canal.)  having  locks  two  hundred 
firi,"f  i''T^ -?^  ^'^''  «"^  f««y-five.  let  in  wSh,  wuK 
k«»at^  tru^. from;  6pe  hundred  to  one  hundred  and  forty  wiS 
fl    T  Til  fik^T'#Pi\«*''*^"  feet.water.  ^^l  ^'"^^ 

mm  LakeJOnta|.tG  X^e  E^j^  an  elevation  of^hree  hundned  aftd"  ' 
lirtyfeetis^rmoi^ted  by  a  can^  twentWight^ifes  inW.T  w^3 
^"'  f  t^^?  ^^^^'[^.-^  J^"*Ired  id  fiftytS  long;?! temvl 
and  a  half  fe^^  designed  for  propellers  ind  sa^l  cfaft!    t£ 

te!;.I  rfTT*'"^  capa«Jty;do«ble  thi,  amount.  '*^    ^""'^  / 
wXuaxs  '^'^  "^^^S^"^"  "'^yb^  set 'down  at  twelve  mU- 

iThe^Lawrence  cinalw^s  designed  for  paddle-steamers  #irh 
I  r^d  a.  tugs^or.fo  ascend .  against  tiie  current     bTfroTVhe' 

?tfj^'  T^'^/  ^"^t''«i^  ^«l«r  inclination  the  JdTfSe 
J 1  not  required  in  descdndin^fh*  rfe..  Large  steamers  drawW 
fcn  fee^ater.  with  .pa8s*gers\nd  th',  mUils,  if^vj ZS  W  Se 

nom  the  morning  aii4  reach  the  wharves  a  MontteS  bv  davLhf 
jutpassuigthrc^gH  »Fingldl-KV  iU  sotne  of?L  Spid?£te 

tare  about  to  giye  the  ma«L  chi»nftef  it  all  the  tkoidsti  i^nthnP 
fcotwater.when-^thfe  wh^IellesQdnding  ttadf  b/XtTwT/fci     ' 
Inver,  leaving  the  canaU  fc  thLsceadiSg  craft  ^   S^  ^  JT* 

We  o'nffin  aI^^i^'^^^  °^^  freWedmerfrom  ^e^    . 
Uke  OnttfriO  fo  MofcSy  i^  forty^ight  hours;  the  rdles  of  fi^S    * 


,Vrt1 


requirgr 
^"v^'^T'^tIIo  '"»J'V^P*"■  **^  ranges"  from^r  60  toiS 
LTSrit'v  .1  '"^'"2  ''■^''S'^^  onrailroad  iron  1,1  year  from 

W  mteVJy  T^  ^'  ^^"■•^f  ■*""«  »"^'"<*«d  i"  both  cases.  ' 

«« rates  dre  yet  Actuating,  as  the  lon^  voyage  is  new,  ai^d  are 


.   ^1  If " 


J" 


IT* 


4i8 


Doc.  136. 


etc L^keT^ S  Mo^e:^^^^^^^  toUs)  .viU  be  broughtdo. 

totwentyccnts  andonxron  upt^^^^^  St.  Lawrence' to  Lake 

The  construction  jf  ^  «^,P-can^^^^^^   ^^  ^  ^^  ^^^^^^^^^      \ 

Charpplain,  so  as  to  '^""^^"'f,  P^^^.  -jgration  of  the  Canadian  goven,. 
WhiteW,  U  «o^.^"f  S^tSa  '^Hh  X  Hon.  John  Youn|,  chief 
nxent..    This   F."ai,""^X  in  Can^  and  there  i.  little^oub,. 

commissioner  o    P^bhc  ^^^^^^^-^^^  ,^^      blic,  that  it  xv-iU  be  speedilyj 
from  the  favor  It  h^receve^  1^^  ^^^^^^^^  $1,500,000  aurf 

rrOOoCo  and^ts^oStru^tion  is  in'dispensabl^  to  protect  the  rev] 
$2,000,001)  ana  ^^^  ^^^^  ^^^  competition  of  the  Ogde  J 

enves  of  the  bt.  i^JJ^;"         ^i^^  ^f  guch  a  work  must  produce  n  ,J 
burg^raihoad.     ^he  consu-uction  York  canal,  wher.a J 

KtrXyrS^t^Aoton-^argoe^  which  have  ^ 

%telnoting  ,how.«  P'"ff^Za'J^^ll"^°"'°'"'^'°' 
teight  on  the  Welland  canal  in  1860  and  1861 . 

Down-trade. 


Wheat ^»«^^^« 

Com --^^^V 

Flour ...barrels 

pi ^^ tons. 

H^si  br*dVMd"lMd  oU. .  .Jjounds 


3,232,980 

676,920 

396,420 

6,063 

3,962,720 


4,326,3 

1,663,8 

525,1 

8,485,1 


The  increase  is  greater  than  shown  by  fese  fig^es-jhe  .jlun 


f.i^:. 


'^^ 


btaified  that  they  j 
lat  the  freight  ob 
L  be  brought  down 

,a\vrenco  to  L;ike| 
to  Burlington  and  | 
Canadian  goveni- 
ohn  Young,  chief! 
?re  is  little  doubt,! 
it  will  be  speedily! 
n  |l,5OQ,O00  anlr 
to  protect  the  rev-j 
Lion  of  the  Ogdea 
lUSt  produce  a  .dtJ 
i  canal,  whereup 
d  tide-water  m  tin 
navigated,  witbu 
;  days 
ire  indication  of  del 
les  of  up  and  dovi 
[  canal  in  1861  aij 
e  St.  Lawrence,  a 
—the  revenue 


which  have  passe 

clesof  upanddow 

im. 

\ 

8» 

4,326,! 

120 

l,663,f 

120 

525, 

)63 

G,' 

l'20 

8,485, 

gyres— the  columnl 
1851  shows  the  enq 
ot  being  attaiimbk 


H.  Doc.    136. 

Vp-trade. 


Articles. 


„ilroad  iron pounds 

Cast  and  wrought-iron  nails  arid 

spites pounds 

>nefal  merchandise ... do . . , 

logar,  molasses,  and  coffee . .  do . . . 
Pig  and  scrap  iron Jo. . 


1850. 


75,803,840 

16,486,400 

17,958,08t) 

7,781,760 

6,648,320 


1851. 


156,784,320 

26,093,760 
24,064,320 
19,350,320 
14,519,680" 


legn.s  tolls  received  from  the  Welland  canal  in  1850  were  $151,703 
^"^ do 1851 SOO.OOO 

ST.  LA  WHENCE  CANALS. 


,  "^" pounds 

fandicrap  iron ...do.. 

gfahron  nails  and  spike^ .  do . . 
,  and  earthenware .  do . 
tons. 


.■  ..ft!" 


Vis-...,!   M^  '  Vj 


M 


,# ,      ,  ;■              ' 

iMll 

I'i 

i\ 


liflilfPli' 

1  ^  *  «'  i  ^  ci» ..  m.  ,j 


440  H*'Doc,  tB6i 

Vessels  whibh  passed  the  several  canals  during  the  year  1861: 

British. 


«♦?. 


Welland  canal 

St.  Lawrence  canal 
Chambly  canal .... 
BurUngton  B.  canal 
St.  Anne's  lock 


Tonnage. 


3,367, 
6,666 
1,517 
1,998 
^,926 


15,444 


363,221 

606,197 

'        81,594 

380,649 

99,561 


Tolli. 


1,430,172 


Xl,628 

1,447 

193 

230 

309 


3,S 


A  nerican. 


JVelland  a 

St.  Lawrence  canal. 

Chambly  canal 

Burlington  B.  canal..  -  - 

St.  Anne's  lock • 


2,336 

278 

210 

635 

.   61 


Tonnage. 


409,402 

21,013 

9,147 

101,261 

2,846 


Ms. 


3,42»  563,669 


£'2m 
m 

271 

6l| 
31 


2,5J 


Total  British  and  foreign+l 8,874  vessels;   1,973,841  tons;  M 
^6,407. 


The  total  movement  on  thi  canals  for  1851  and  three  years  prevk 
is  as  follows:  ,,  --- 


Wellatd  eanal. 


Tons ,..., > 

Fasfliengere  \ 

Tonnage  of  veaseU . 


if 


'ij  1848:: 


1849.  . 


30T,611 
•  2,487 
372,864 


•V      II- 


-861,6§6 

1,640 

468,410,. 


1850.' 


.   1»1. 


Dd&,600; 

1,930 

688,100 


?^?65p 


-  ■  !\" 


*%    \','*\ 


year 

1861: 

• 

Tolls. 

231 

£1,628 

197 

1,447 

594 

193 

649 

230 

661 

309 

172 

3,809 

%  - 

;e. 

Tolls. 

>,402 

£2,436 

L,013 

6( 

),147 

27 

L,261 

61 

2,846 

8 

3,669 

2,5» 

)73,841  tons;  toU 


hree  years  previoni 


1850.*     , 

,   1861. 

■     '  »,v 

396,600;^ 
1,930 
668,100 

772.65 

Hif  Doc  186. 

St.  Lawrence  ccmal. 


4m    '  W^: 


Tons... ' 

Passengers .' 

Iforaiage  p{  vessels- . . 


164,627 
2,071 
5,648 


213,153 
26,997 

5,448 


1850. 


288,103 

35,932 

6,169 


1851. 


460,400 

33,407 

6,934 


C/iamhly  canal. 


V, 


I 


M  'if 


f    i!  • 


1^;; 


fODS , 

lassengers .* 

lonnage  of  vessels. . .'. 


17,835 
470 
659 


«i  - 


•  *• 


77,216 
8,430 
1,264 


109,040 

278 
2,878 


110,726 
1,86| 

1,75 


^t» 


'i^ 


>-» 


Vi 


\- 


w 


■ 

?  ' 

i»  ■ 

J' 
If 


',  I. 


x-"''  * 


I  The  receipts  of  1861  were  £7a9ir^.  ^^^  t,..^^ 

Lin  the  tolls  ofV  Erie  3  w  1846  ?r  ^^''^-  ^^S  u'^"^"        '       ^    «  •■  /       ^Ai  /  •[  ' 
M.Welland  canal  first  p^e   nrseriou;  on Jn^^^^^^^  .^  ■/■<      1'^     It 

t tferough  Buffklo.     The  policy  ofTe  Stote  0^^^  v  Tk'^''^u  '^^  T  ^  ■  I*  K. 4  I", t    f 

tytoobt^n  the  largest  ^ssiKe^^^^^  •    ^  J-    '^  ill  if: 

otect  her  own  manufactures  and  products  aanincVrC  fl-  "  i-"   ^^ 

.quarters;  ahd'  tliis  she  has  been enabWl  l5S^^"!!  "^"^V^^'^^?^  from 
.c«,mplish.  By  levying  discr  Sti„g  tSls  Thu°,  T'"  '^'^^^^^ 
Wed  from  the  western  States  bV  a  rf  fe  n/;^!!  ^"'•^.'g^rSall  was 

«.  The  loU  upo^this  aS  in  I84I tr!  T  ^''''"'  ^^'"'  "'^^°'« 

mile,  or  $21  78  per  ton  of  2  onn  it  /^  three  cents  per  1,000  lbs. 
;)  while  the  oU  u^;  Ne^  York  sfaS  S""'  '''^'^^^«"^«  P^^  bar- 
tof  that  upon  the^o^ign^cle  ^nimc  II"  T^^  «"«-thirteenth 

ced  one-half,  ahd  a  still  greater  amount  on  Npw  V«rt  «♦  *       i 
r    «»w|W»e  tnwiiieht  aad  heavy  .rtductions  in  tof 


;(! 


ic/'i&io' 


.\v.,,::\^ 


442 


H.  iDoc.  186. 


s^'"' 

M^V 


''1 
"       I' 


,4    » 


A    -■ 


ill 


canal,  since  the  WeUand  and  St.  La^reSce  ca|e  >to  ccpeti^n 

^^*^^^*-     1         .    ^     flmir  and  wheat  ha^>e|.reduced  thirt>-.three 
Jn  the  down-trade,  fl«"^^"^j.;^,  ^^,x  a  h^  mate  to  twa  mills ; ,  pork, 
,er  pent.;  com  and  oats,  ff«^*°^'^^^"^a  ^  half  mills  to  one  and  a  half 
,acon,-lard,  and  lard  oil,  ^^J  beer,  cider,  vinegar,  from  four  and  a 

Jll;  beef,  butter  ^^^'^X.^^Zerf^er  arlicle  of  down-freight  h. 

half  to  three  mills.    Aimosi  ^    J      ^    discriminatiQn  m  fovor  of  pot  . 

undergone  like  reductions      L^^^^^^^^^^,*^  -^  jjeW  York  Statefas  J 

^nd  pfurl  f-^^rirS^IrfSTo-^y  a  discriminating  toU  aga^t 

been  abandoned;  the  btate  r  ^^.^untries.  -  .  M^^-^  ' 

salt  and  gypsum  from  «\1  ^^  |^^^^"^^^^the  whole  Mfestern  count^^:oul 

,     There  can  ^^^  ^ipon  ^W  exports  and-imnons,  .  m«ci 
have  been  annually  taxed,  d^)«i    V        ^  .^  ^^^^^  to^swell  the  revenue , 
larger  amount  than  i«  "^^^  Pf^^^^  ^^  ^he  healthM  comnetition  of  the 
of  The  Erie  canal,  had  it  "^^j^^^^^^  railroad 

Canadian  works.   *As  an  -^^U  pTr  U)n^f  2,000  lbs.    The  amount 
i,on  since  1846  amounts  to  ^  44  per  ^^^_ 

of  this  iron  which  reached  Lake  Ert«  m  i        .  ^  ^  ^  ^  ^  ^^^^^     L 

Bv  Erie  canal  to  Duflalo- .  - . .. ^.  -•  -  -  -  •  ^^  .  _  .166,784,3201 

Bv  WeUand  canal  to^Lake  Erie. -  -  ;  ._^1 

^        ■      '  -•     '  ,  S03,66Q,7flJ 

"  f  «i  nhn  1V^«  •  and  the  reduced  toll  on  this  one  ai^ 

equal  to  101,830  tons  f  ^^.^^^  ^J'.^^  J^^^^^  by  the  late  H  J 

t2le  would  be.^«553,955^20.    I  has  been^^^^     ,eq^  100,000  t«j 

Robert  Raotoul,  jr.,  M.  ^"iTv'"  g^  ygajs,  uponwhlfh  theyr* 
of  railroad  ifon  per  -""r/Sfon  ^  dSl  Js  less,  U  tolls  alo,e,  J 
now  pay  more  "'a".]*^"  .^^"^S^'^ 
they  would  hfiCve  paid  before  J^fr^a^flour,  and  160,000  tomi^ 
Again :  ovet  moeo  ^tons  ^^7^^^^  ^^^ard  from  Buflalo  in  mi 
corn?from,westem  State*.  J^e^  1^^^  from  the  ^ 

the  reducuon  on  the  to»«.f  ji*  ^  fl^^r,  and  ^O.OOOtoJ 

ffJ^^VtS^^^^^^ 

,    ^^^^^^^^ 

West,  as  well  as  the  TJ^f^J'^^Jin  V  trSit  dues  amduntJnj] 

constnrcuon  of  thf  «^H^tr^S^tpon  tobacco  are  ik  tJ 

,cr€5ater  tt  **  going  /»^'^^  lia  nwicle  from  the  lower  Ohio,  Mmsm 

...  %t;y  it  is  ^Ve^U^J!:r^tS^t.^^^  through  th,s  cand  .^ 
&c.,  to  Ae'ea8tern,Stajes  ana  tpe  j^^^^^  In  respect  of  other  i 
discrimioaaonmdtfectionha^b^naD^^^^  disUnctiQO^' 

cies,"^^  will  mioww iUi  U»Woft.  DPrmin^  hf ■  "■"■     ^ 
made  on. the  W^ijian^.  ;     .        ^^^r,i'\n  hk"  renort  on  the  tolU,  i 

the  Wellapd  caft&l :  .    ^ ,  „  5^J^  BuffiiliNoOiWego  bail 

^.  The  diverBiwa  of  w«««ro  trade  ftopa  W'f"*^.  .  •;    J 


..-?• 


'*■ 


into  competition 


H.  Doc.  13'a. 


-Ob 


443 


ionsidembly  affected  tferevenue.:  -^He  there  h-^i  l^»o„  ^c*^^/:  ""^ 
to  of  >is  trade  entered  the  can«i  at^zJ^U  in  18^  ttn  in  isl  T 
yestorn  tonnage  "commgn  ^t  O^^^o  haf /W«^^]bv  J^fird!       "^^ 

The  State  engineer  of  New  Yori,  iri  his  4 wt?4  k  *°"^-r 
Wing  the  uecessitv  of  the  <mUrfremcntJt^^T^^^^f'''^'y'  ^^^^' 
Uncapacity  will  L  rdachecf  if  Si  l^Vf^r^.'^'^^'^'-'^yy'^^^  "« 
Lst  aiWt  is  one  and  a  h Jt  cen7p;Tton'^  ^^gf  ^^^  %^^^ 
JareKnes  of  .communjcat  on  now  baflt  -ind  Jn  ^Ir/  ""^'^/>^'  I'herc 
Iwbich  can  take  freight  at  a  chchp^rra}/-^^  s^^^^^^^ 
Idensbur^  railroad.  ^  says,-.  -EtE  i,  ^f  """," r'"^ **^ ^^^g" 
y  chefper  routed  hj  Je^  to  SVSam„hin  t''  ?'^  ^  %-hend  d, 
petition  fl?/*eiVort^/wfrich  wij  ^.oduc^^^^^^  to^opefnto  com- 

mon thart  the  above.     The  St  bv>h.f    ?  7  "ife^^"^  '^'''  '^ 
Champlaiti  may;find.  cheap^^r  tran|S  t  to  New'S  t;;\°"t.-^^^^ 
|ltwiU«of  pass  throligh  the  Erie  canal      '^  wfll  r    4-  "^",ff>  Boston, 
baay  by  cheaper  routes,"  'LaSly!  lesavf  ^r         d^^«rt«i  ,from  Al. 
Ltyet>fected.  all  their  WQ^k?.'  AH  S,    '  ^^f^^^  ^«^d  Boston  hive 

A?^  motion.     Their  pCare    u^^^^^^^^  '^Pi^'f'  ""'- 

iMy-they  are  the  resuUs  of  good  mZJrZ  J^T^''^  ^^  bhndnessor 

Lrted  last  year  via  &eL      ?L  Se  IZ?,  ^^T'"'"''  P^-^P-^^y)  - 
JKec  in  biast  in  qutst  of  t  raber  wSlTin    •  "  "f^?""^g«  ^"tering  - 
fcjother  heavy  Wes  a»  abou7£l7^e  "^f,'"  '"""^'r"'  ^^^t^-^^It; 
Eicles  to  New  ¥6rk.    WhTLr2r^nJfV'''^u''^'''^''^  «"  ^^^^^^  - 

.jsitionol  the' two  ports  is  reversed--'  if  ;«  th^'A  *        i  '    ^"® 

Uat Quebec,  wh?[e  atWrYSflol^has  beenT    ^T^^^^ich 
W  sterling  per  bkrrel  to  Liv^rpix,l  '      ''"  ''^"^^  '"^  *^^  «« 

rWhenihe  effect  of  the!  repeal  of  the  mvlcrn*;^^  i         u  • 
kfisels  into  Xiuebec  than -arV  required  foJt^Z      1  ^'Tf^  ^?'^ 
^01  the  Jakes  may  pour  down  thL  St    I  .w^^  '  ''"T^'?  ^''^'S^^' 
ghta,me.down  to  a  stmS  which  w^HT^^^^       the  rates  of   ^ 
pment  from  the^lakes  to  £w^l  via  t^^      T        '*'^  '^'^J^  ^°^  ''^ 
»via New  Yorki  "-"ropa  vm  the  St.  Lawrence" as  favorable 

,  >HE  MAdOAXSN  INLANDS. 


TjM,J.ij  f.^,, 


^ 
« 


■  'V  » 


Im   '  4l 


?; 


444 


iL  W.  ise. 


4    » 


leagues  eastward  "^  ^"^^^,L  Macdalen  islands  rise  into  hills,  varying 
The  central  portions  °\t,*^^,^X^  feet  above  the  sea;  tiJ 

from  two  hundred  '^^^l^^^^f.^^^^^^         are  found  stratifioige- 
tops  are  roundpd.    On  the  f»^^^^;  '  ^j^^  RVpsum  in  the  hollows 

posites  of  sandstones  and  ochrgbu?  clays,  wuu  b>f 
Ud  basins,  and  also  o'^casionally  in  veins  ^^  ^^  ^^ 

J^lTS^^:4^rZSt::i  yit  been  and  yet  it  is  believed 
to  exist  in  these  islands.  ^vnnrt      On  one  of  the  croup  ii  ig 

although  they  also  prosecute  the  heriin^  ana 

extent.  ^     ,        ,qlnnds  about  two  thoirtand  inhabit- 

There  are  at  present  upon  these,  isianob  auy 

ai^l'^S'aion^^wboma^l^n^ 
The  fisheries  atound  the  Ma^^^^^^^ 
afibrd  a  profitable  return  to  tl^e  mdi^^yo^^^^^  our^itizens  couldhave 
^  If  arrangements  wer^  TS'  So"Vo^^^^     islands,  and  of  pros^ 
the  right  of  «f tUng  "P  faf  ng  S^^^^^^^  surroiKidlng  seas,  it  U 

cuting  the  various  prolific  t^^^t"^^^"  '  ^  „  ^n  a  wide  field  for  their 
be  of  very  great  -5j-^tS'^^;^,;^^^:jrgl  the  ^arly  and  late  64 

already  mentioned,    il    '  ^tfnrhed  to  the  government  of  New- 

These  i«\^ds  were  I  formerly  att^  o         g^.^^.^^^  ^^  ^,^^  ^  J 

foundland,  but  at  pre  ent jhe^  g'oup  was  granted  by  tho  British  gov] 

male  fotieyer.  .       „^  i,,„*.  ^f  the  fisheries  exported  from  the! 

The  value.of  the  various  pr«*J^^^^/ ^0  f  but  K^is  believed  ibattia 
•Magdalen  islands  in  18*8  ^^^^  ^f  *:Tn;od^9  cLried  off  in  W 
did  not  include  large  q-«"t»^'*^J,lCs/  BuT^^^^^  amount  me! 

vessels  not  cleared  at  the  ^"^^^^^.h" m.pltion,  and  furnishd 
jioned  is  quite  I'^g^  ^t '"''J^r  of  the  fiLSin  the  vicinity  of  tl« 


■^ 


roth  the  French 
red  ftnd  eighty 

to  hills,  varying 
'e  the  sea ;  tkir 
nd  stratifiedWe- 
XX  in  the  hollows 

IS  to  be  unfit  for 
yet  it  is  believed 

)f  the  group  il  it 
roaching  to  ala« 

I  the  cod  fishery, 
isherics  to  some  | 

thousand  inhabit- 

;ry  excellent,  aiij 
)  prosccut0li(}ii). 
izcns  couldhuvel 
ds,  and  of  prose- 
ihg  seas,  it  would 
ide  field  for  their  I 
arly  and  latefisli-| 
intagcs  luivchecal 

ornment  of  New-. 
;tion  of  the  G;m[ 
y  the  ^BritiSli  gov-l 
nguished  servi^s;' 
i  nephew,  Captaii 
or,  and  to  his  kin 

!  exported  from  tli 
3  believed  tbt  ih 
irried  ofT  in  tishii 
n  the  amount  tnen 
tion,  and  furnisiia 
I  the  vicinity  oft" 
lustry,  energy, 
Itb. 


'» 


<f-. 


WoUnd. 


Daacription. 


7. 


L 


Forest .1 '»"•• 

Vegetable  food ao . . . . 

Farmatock V"*"^^"" 

Other  Bgriculrural  produce.,  .do. . . 

Merchandise,  Ac. o°'  •  • 

Mannfacturea <»»••• 


Total. 


1848. 


53,903 
ll36,056i 
43 


1849. 


1850. 


1851. 


•St.!.,! 


1848. 


73,556 
141,534 
351 
17,693i    13,165 
43  931  }  «,434J 
-     99,090 


107,335, 
145,769  340, 111 J 
36} 


Passengers....  ••. 
Boauof^  all  kinds. 


Total' tonnage  of  ressels 


349,644i  68,351 
81,307J 

567} 


14,673i 
41,406 
145,756 


691,657i 


603 


1849. 


70,310 

69,501 

833 

4,315 


4,8I8J  n,2« 


3,600 


159,267 


4,758i 
4,916 
700,168 


213,153 


31,071 

5,648 

476,875 


31,841 


5,4<8 

444,640 


t'saf 


n  ■ 


'  \ 


property  on  tht 
nnet  Lock^Jvt 


Stbv 


1848. 


1849. 


68,351 

81,307i 

587i 

603 

4,8l8i 

3,600 


1 159,267 


70,310 
89,501 
833 
4,315 
17,2« 
31,041 


213,153 


31,071 

5,648 

476,875 


36,9n 

5,448 

444,640 


•    ^ 


,  "    H.  Doc. 

•^Oad,  8t.  Lamvnce,  ChamUy,  (including  St. 
^  ytor  1851  and  three  preceding  years'. 


JUckfJaii^BitrUng. 


.1 


1S4,948| 
.  »,687| 

1861 
8,510} 


1651. 


Chambly. 


1848. 


48,(S5I  79,034 


M103J 


35,939 
6,]l» 


939,073" 

98,699i 

1.390 

9,535 

99,679 


1849. 


18,564 
■<? 

■  '■■••  • 

38 

i.dos 


450,4001 


33,986 

7,696 

4<d;  180  1545, 598i 


18,835 


470 
659 


61,164 

7,858 

IS 

64 

6,764 

1,348 


leso. 


79,119J 
31,  I46J 

6862 
4.51Qi 
3,577 


77,316 


1851. 


8,430 
1.364 


93,333  138,643 


109,040} 


S7« 

2.878 

143, 194 


88,913} 
575 

9} 
584 
3.9654 
3, 167^ 


Burlington  Bay. 


1850. 


UP.7«6} 

1,860( 
1,348 

90,893 


13. 659i 
84,113i, 
4781 
318 


1851. 


16,590 
18,819j 
604 
7164 
11.336 


'f»; 


•     ' 


St.  Amie'a  Lock. 


9,D95J    10,595i 


1850.  jm. 

49.369ir^403 

,  739  )     1,176 

1,4861 »         299 

10        1,609 

4,4504       S.W5 


3, 785 


54,996}   58,107} 


4731,690 


f 


l^i* 


2.533 


59,839i 


1,550 


134,3(^3 


4,441 


105,933, 


14, 130 

1,984 

101,938 


•:l/V 


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w. 


H.    Doc.  136. 

No.  ir-Statment  showing  the  tal«,  «/•  * 


^»  "^'^^''^z^^^i^^:^^  -  -ch  ^, 


'1''.|te 


■4 


-^ 


M. 

'4 





- 


t'. : ' 


'Mil- 


452 


H.   Doc.  136. 

STATEMENT— Conunued. 


EXrOKTBD 


foul  Ttloe 


Great  Britain.  B.  N.  Am«ri-  United  Stale, 
can  coloniU' 


16.416 
4,184 
61,564 
67,644 
141,740 
80,100 
10,220 
12,516 

)• ' 

1&I480 
""5,*&92 


'828,436 
27,968 


Oih'r 
couiitmi  I 


'  410, 596 
7,592 




»6,416  , 

4,784 

61,564  I 

67,644 

724 

"  10,' 290 
12,516 

"w,m 
"'l',m 


IIOl,« 
44,S 


BeauM 

Rein 

^KlJtaceburg •  • ' 

BruoeMine* 

Oaipf • ' 

NevCarliale 

Bault  Ste.  Marie 

JUvw  Caatle 

E^anford . .. .  • 

Milford •! 

Bond  Head 

RuMelltown 

Total. 

■~ ~~  .u  .  .nnntrirji  than  the  United  StttMWK 

The  return,  of  exporufrotn  inland  porU«f^^  With.re«,.cttoth.« 

■  ^.Zfal     None  are  reported  from  Toronto,  i"*  '"»"   ,.     gt.  t*wrence ;  in  which  cue  I 

f  «!.K'exc«rti  it  is  resumed  they  were  made  vja  the  ai  ,^^^^^^j 


*  '„ 


.,,,,,,...... ,.  M'r^  i  '■'* 


I:* 


^  J:!.''*^  i^auMi?  jKii. 


H.    Doc.  136. 


^r 


ited  States. 


Oth'r 
eouiittui. 


»6,4I6 

•  ••••Mil 

4,784 

61,564 

67,644 

•  <  ••*■«<• 

724 

tioi,« 

44,» 

,    10,220 

•  •••■till 

-     12,516 

'"16,466  j 

5,992 

9,033,300 

836,9 

le  United  StttH  IK  • 
WithreBpecnoihtB 
nee ;  in  which  cue  i 
porta  were  ebtaiiiedS 
inland  ports  not  ii 
.  inland,  in  bond,  ll 
"  to  the  United  S 
THOS.  C. 


m5.—Cmj)arafiv<:  ttafemmfnr:  458     .  4*. .'  •  >  if  I  J '  '  I^ 


Article*. 


_~ii  muialiitarea. 

M«)lln.,.,do 

nrdwin..do 

imdnhwire 


finathoe*. 

ber  manufacture*. . 


Lgmented..,. 
'luilfaMitfurU.S 


$«)3.2I6 
403,^60 
565, 124 
419, 260 
318,844 
53,  784 
85,  768 
42,592 
47,388 
89,804 
126,232 
47,804 
32,996 
19,600 
278,468 
19,296 
79,816 
18.828 
38,652 
44,264 
80,768 
53,960 
1^,680 
116,988 
81,144 
,     17,544 
4.780,372 


8,788,712 


(1>  061, 300 
422, 784 
3,583,456 
2,741,076 
1,946,058 
65,336 
92,620 
49.460 
100,544 
90,368 
172,678 
183.513 
98,224 
32,31« 
990,878 
80,864 
..  .  ^"5, 796 
;^«'\»7,088 
5    139,828 
134,296 
488,860 
287,284 

130,'^ 

135,448 

88,804 

9, 880, 560 


a«.  250,440 
7o5,  588 

L  .       ,       ,      ,  "•  *ne'e,  at  some  port,  „„ 

^"^'^-^•^^^         '\  THOMAS  CKCEPEa 


&'"!'•   iTofl  import. 


f     /   ^<'K     '.V 


¥ 


i.fcti)  ■ 


454 


H.   Doc.  136. 

» 

j^o.  0. Value  of  direct  imports  from  tta  at 


ArtlclM. 


Te» 

Tobaw 

(Cotton  maiiulurt""'-- 
Wo<ill<<n  miuiufacmri- 

Hnnlwnre 

Woodrn-tvnre 

Mhrlilnct)' 

BaotKunil'lxx'' 

lipather  inttnuliicture. 

UHf* •. 

Lontlwr,  tannrU 

OU»,  iiolpalni 

Pnper 

Bke 

PuitBr 

Mnli>«*<^' 

Salt 

Gl««>* 

Coal 

Furx 

Bilk  •»»'""»<'"'"■••• 

India  nibbcr  do 

Dvn^ulfii 

Ooffoe 

Fruit 

BkIk ; 

Ilueuumeratod 

Total  value  bywa. 


3 

S 

Q 


1 *i>i---Wj ,• 

'     ...     I,l''-2il9"'''**'l' 


9«40 


2U0 


"i",:.66' 


1,4(W|. 


g 
•f 

o 


IJ804 


E 
^        I 


19 


•i2i-|:::::!j£^3S^'if^l-i!i 

l^"^j  14,9161    16,91'J    32,7841    2H0 


"■wb'.iwil.. 

SH9,'.HH  >|[»,0«M  , 


ia,'j»w 

"?.',«»'   4iii 

m\. 

538  . 

""b',2:>!'i 

■lV3,16t<  . 

"V:)o',46i  !,;«« 


s,:i«L, 

41  .. 


.iflO,71i! 


.li'-i. 


1,178,892  18,li<M 


...    1.164,. 


106,'i68 


t*,!* 


uWjwrtt,  via 


1 

- 

9 

1 

1 

1 

40 

lUM 

« 



:•••• 

18) 

6 

■jsi; 

"i,. 
i*(",c 


'W  ',»4  1,40I,9S 


The  above  smument  U  designed  to  diow 
IfoimtEAL,  May  1,  ISat^ 


the  principal  article.  wWch  are  imported  direct  from  «»,« - 


•'A'MMl  OfltlC  poitK,  ti 


'■■# 


^'   Doc/ 136. 

>rts  frm  m «,  |  iJat^ftrU,  via  the  8t,  Lawrence,  in  1851. 


45S 


c 

c 

e 

i 

^ 

& 

^ 

u 

^ 

- 

1 
1 

....  >-wi.. .:.... 

....    8,716' 1 1 

4|i 

1 

il 


I  .Viu.iii 


i.iw;. 

'.'.'.'.'j'.'.'.'.'.y. 
Z^B: 

9.'..4(Mj  3,041  iCU 


direct  from  «•»•  »i « 


*  Impoite  J  vi«  HudsonHi  Bay. 


TH08.  C.  KEEFE*. 


.«    4    ^« 


• 


I 


'4  «   K«' 

'J     •. 

*%  . .         <    f  'iii  .   ' 


-; 


"St 

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i 


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/  I 


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'!"  t'  1 


k       ■    1    *  ' 


«, 


J 


^J'A^<:ie\«iJ:.'i^..  3.14  e^A^ 


\ 


iu 


■I. » 


3 


H.   Doc*  136. 


•.-82" 


5i  35  "» t-  "* 


.-22->*-  i'iS-S  i  i- 


let    '^-^e 

•  ^H     •  CO  •■"  ' 


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m^siisi^sssi  s  2  5  s  S3  So  Si  ::-"-:v-^- 


s 


fcSSs-- -'S5-'" i-'i's = 5- s s s s I  iS"*^ -'g 


'Zim 


tsi  1:  cjpc 


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!:-==« 


V. 


^»  ^ 


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10     <c    2 


sN 


mr. 


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m 


ff»C-Oi 


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•  lO  ^"  w 


M  CD  toe* 
o  m^  w 

5»aoo*g 


>*oeQ 
XI  ■>»  vs  * 


12 

-I'D    i 

£r3*  * 

*  Sir  " 

-      C  t  '  ■ 

—I  i'»t 

s  P 

e*5    —  c  -  a 

X  i     -: ; 
^1  e  t  -  ; 

-  -!  ii?s 

tt  I  »  a  »  . 


"      <»:  1-4, 

J    I  Si; I 


!  • 


um 


w    •o-5-il 
icV.A 


•  QOCIOJ'TO        = 

•  C^V'NO*     l"*;    3TZJSI 


)  «  r-  00  o 
((:»■«•  =  — 

rill  lite 


w 


3X00  tox 

I  to  -^  iO  — 
50!0ff»e>3 


in 


'I  »s^.i 


§ 

Hill 

QOhhP 


1 


''"it 


m 

Id 


:|; 


45d 


H.   Doc.  186. 


■al§ 


"2 


-1 


*) 


a. 


I. 


'Sv 


3 


t 


06 


8. 

M 


00  m  - 1 » 


*  '7,« '  oT        ,  of    t^  •        I 


-r  '«r'*oto^  -axal 


S'r 

^'    ■ 

B 

^ 

O' 

»-• 

a 

8. 

H 

. 

U 

H 

ii§issis,i|iss||iijsi||!.E| 


■^  «^  e5  ^  ^  "O  <!*  «i  V 


aoh. 


»   •  e»  I-   •  00  n  - 1  a 


fl  <C  "- to  31  tf_     xi-» 
»«5e>5«rvo  •-an) 

.of     r--  i 


oi « »ft f" ch •'i^  I"*'! 

^       0»    • 


s 


.(03  < 
.f*  < 


'i^M^n 


,^  •<a 


\:a  i 

•  ■  •  •  • ' 

•  •  •  ■  • ' 

: : :?' 

•^  •  •  : 

:-:-;:■• 

:  '^:  : 

ilia 

iiill 

460 


H.   D6c.  136. 


No  9.-Comparativc  statement  of  exp^s  inland  and  by  sea  from  Canada 
in  1851,  showing  the  pnnnpal  articles. 


Articles. 


Ashes,  pot  and  pearl . 

Asb  timber ' 

Birch 

Deiil  ends ••• 

Elm  .••• ••••• 


Oak. 


Pine,  white 

Pine;risd ■ 

Staves,  standard 

Staves,  other  .■^^ 

Plank  and  boards .... 

Spars,  maf>ti>,  and  handspikes., 

Lath  and  firewood 

Shingles 

Cows  and  other  cattle 

Horses i 

Wheat 

Flour • 

Indian  corn 

Bailey  and  rye 

Beans  and  peas 

Oats 

Butter 

te::::::::::::::::::::: 

Copper,  fine  and  pig 

Copper  ore ■ 

Unenumerated ■ 


By  sea  from 
Montreal  and 
•duebec 


*765,954 
14,W»6 
18,  464 
18, 684 
196,430 
189, 876 
1,518,528 
416,232 
64, 488 
358.844 
937,480 
60,216 
32,076 
36(1 
40 
200 
M4, 184 
1,450,148 
26,056 
440 
40, 208 
2,272 
195,728 


From  inland 
poftm 


$65,993 


14, 620 

'l60,884 

16,524 

1,372 

774,116 

6,116 

39,600 

20,732 

140,176 

185,848 

491,760 

1,181,484 


From  inland  ports  direct 

From  Gaapc  and  New  Carlisle. 


35,000 
1,359,372 


7,836,036 
265,924 
221,116 


75,596 
41,588 
135, 708 
38,004 
38,008 
4l,b96 
43,752 

-    i7,«ao 

1,808,704 


5,339,300 


8,323,076 


5,339,300 


"  Total. 


$831,915 

H,i-!t6 

18, 4M 

1(*,661 

196,42) 

m,m 

2,095,6« 

gl,OI5 

360, '4« 

1,7I1,59( 

56, 3» 

7i,b;< 

so,  99)  I 
14U,-2I(| 

i'6,nii| 
635;J 
s,g:ii.c33| 

26,l<9(| 
76,03(1 
8l,iX| 

233,:! 
38,0 
41,81 
42,75; 

3,iHini 


13,li5,3J 
3-21,  111 


\3,imi 


The  returns  of  exports  inland  are  very  imperfect,  and  will  not  correspond  with  the  W^ 
^irtlnr-^rtS^SSim  that  there  is  a  '• -'^^  "fT  "if'rtSI.S^SlN 
report  is  compulsory  on  aU  inland  craft  proceeding  to  sea.  1 


THOS.  C.  KEEFE8.I 


MoHTREAL,  May  1,  1852. 


41  ;.-i«»>!-  r; 


^.:M>>*f>" 


'  -H^;' 


/  sea  from  Canada 


165,993 


14,620 

160,884 

10,  M4 

],372 

774,116 

6, 116 

39,800 

20,  Vi'i 

140,176 

11*5,848 

491,760 

,181,484 

'*75,'596" 
41,588 
135, 708 
38,004 
38,0(18 
4I,!?96 
43, 76-2 
17,6aO 

1,808,704 

>,  339, 300 


5,339,300 


$831,916 

l<,i-S)6 

18, 4M 

18,6i!« 

196.420 

2(M,456 

2,095,6«  I 

81,01? 

360,21? 

1,7II,5N 

56,39 

7i,b;( 

20,99)1 
14U,-^I(I 
l'6,(l(i| 
635J 

3,g:ii,i;»| 

26,l<j(| 
76,03t| 
8l,iX| 

i:n,99t| 

233,  ;3i 
3fl,ti 
41,84 
42,  "i 
5-3,( 
3,1&),0J 


I3,n5,j 

265,911 
221,111 


13,262,3; 


Mrref  pond  witi  the  I'M 

m  inland  ports,  whifh ' 
1  to  he  iiresumeil  linlilil 
,1  or  Cluebec,  although  iul 

THOS.  C.  KEEFEIlj 


^.,:iA^'»f' 


^ 


Is 
Q  SO 


•a 
C 
03 


H.  Doc.  m.  ■'  ^j 


— :: ri_    '  •      ^  ^  *      ? .        •      !    2f*-i  -  CO  fC 


i.: 


.<  if 


'.•< 


/'l! 


4 

■1t    i\ 


M 


•',fi»«>«  «^ 


J  i 


462 


H.   Doc.  136. 


L 


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C 

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< 


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to   Q.   •     .— 


f^iodxs  JO  8n(BA  imox 


aoo'X>oie»-5;'5'aos:7t5:2;2J~2(2!  =  2£S   :2?!ri':» 


a 


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■pooS  aajj  JO  oni«A 


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It 

I^o.  IS.— 'Statement  showing  the  value  of  the  leading  dutiable  artida 


%. 


Portu, 


'T'  '4 

n 

, 

■i 

i  1., 

AmhPi<thur)t 

Buh 

Burwrll  ...'. 

goUcvillfl.... 
iindlicnri  .. 
Ohatlwia  .  ■ . 

Coboun ,...|  "'S^ 

t'olltoriie  ' 
Cmlit  y. . . . 
DiUhouali'  . 
ItarlinKlun' 

DovtT 

Ilunnville  .. 
Kprt  Erii'.. 
f}o<|phcli . . 
fininiiii .... 
Haiiiiltnn.. . 

Hope". 

KlufKtnii  . . 
Niliicnra  ... 
OBkvilli'... 
C)wi:n'8  Hoirtid .  ■ 
Penelsiiguibhi'iK' 
^    rirlou 

Rondeau  -  • 
Rowan  .... 
Hahdwicli.. 

Bamia 

Stanley 

Toronlii .... 
WrlliiiRtnn 
Wljilhy  . . 
Brockvilln 
Maitland  ■ 

Cornwall 

Coteaudu  Lar... 
Dirkenson's  Land 

inf 

Dundee 

UananoqiiR 

Mariatowu 

Prevcott 

Riviere  aox  Bai«iiu< 

£>t.  RpgiK 

Olare'npeville 
Freli]tb«|iur|i . 
Hererord  .... 
(ford 
don.. 


««d. . 

ft.  Jolin 
un»n  . 
Quebec  .... 
Napanee  .  . 
I.a  Beauce. 

Elgin   

Wallarebuis. . . 
'Brueo  Mine*.... 

Gaicpe.... 

Mew  Carlisle.... 
Bault  Ste.  Marie 


Newcastle 

Stamford. 

Milfocd.... 


fctivtiini  only  the  grow  va;tte«  at  tlie  different  iate»  of  duties       ,  ,^  > 


'Wiwofflieegoodfw 


l&fV 


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2.ft» 

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604 


164 


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u«ewue  veiy  topeifcct-wmelmporfint  port, 
THOS.  C.  KSEHEiR. 


.!..■*{] 


tel' 


11   •*!.. 


-•t   *., 


<        mi 


474  H.   Doc.  136. 

No.  13. — Statement  showingthe  quantity  and  value  of  the  principalani-\ 


Porta. 


Amheratburg. 

Bnth 

nurwcll 

Belleville 


Bondliead. . 


Chatham . . 
Chippewa. . 
Cobourg.... 
Colborne. . . 

Credit 

Dalhoiuie. . 
Darlington . 

Dover 

Dunnville.. 
Fort  Erie... 
GodPrich  . . 
Graftnn.... 
Haniilton.. . 

Hope 

Kiiigxton... 
Nio^ra, 


A«he8,  pot 
and  pearl. 


$3,460 


Onkville 

Owen'a  Bound .... 
Penetangnixhene . . 

Pictou 

tlueenston 

Bondeau... 

Bowan 

Sandwich 

flamia 

Stanley 

Toronto 

Wellington 

Whitby 

BrockvUle 

Maitland. , 


31 


5 
193 


Plank  and 
boards. 


1,904 


Sliingles. 


626  $4,108 


420 


300 
4,780 


.133 
1,120 

'  \',90}, 

601 

1,138 

9,371 

3,696 


165 


Coniwall 

Cotcaudu  Lac 

Dickenson's  Landing. 

Dundee 

4}ananoque 

MariatowD 

Frescott 

Biviere  aux  Raisins. . 

fit-Begls 

Clarenceville 

Frelighabuig 

Hereford 

Hemmingford 

Huntingmn 

LacoUe 

Montreal 

Fhillpsburg 

Potton , 

etaiutead 

St.  John 

Button 

Quebec , 

Nanmee 

LaBeauce 

Elgin 

Wallaceburg 

Brace  Mines 

Caape 


31 

763 

6 


30.') 


3,844 


632 

18,128 

144 

980 

6,io6 


3,260 

18,612 

"9,524 

4,808 

7,480 

59,580 

35,872 


3,384 
166 


Cows  and 
other  cattle. 


S4,18() 
433 


,  X 


41 
122 


86 

'  5,7,53 
6,060 
8,203 


2,637 

10 

314 

35' 

13 


7,531 


919 

44 

4,530 

"  4,541 


Sault  Ble.  Marie 

Newcastle 

Stamford 

Millbrd 

Rusaelltuwn 


9,551 


380 
3,492 


844 
43,348 

3s,:m 

63,948 


15,820 

48 

3,196 

3,376 

92 


34,080 


10,224 

704 

35,300 

4i)",468 


148 
836  33,368 


60 


6.5,990 


13 
""23 
'"'464 

""'43 

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130 

'"271 
1%330 

i'9,562 

'  "1,646 
4,306 


:)38 

502 
945 


348 

1,983 

850 


109 

"28 


91 


1,.502 


-508 

736 

1,180 


IlorGeii. 


Woo!. 


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3,312 
2,420 


132 
"28 
'330 
■792 


3^,356 


56 
"232 
"l",i92 

"   "464 

"5,666 
338 

""l",396 
51,420 

■"■33 
134,656 

"8,916 
34,013 


468 

16 

8 


7,476 

16U 

72 


960 
'"«4 


113,416 


766,628 


38 
100 


200 


365 
32 


19 
2,046 


106 


100 


2,620 


■3 
> 


1,000 


127     2,860 
3,499   30,072 


51 

60 

107 

1,611 


»21 
'356 


100 
2,181 


.«riOt< 
4,160 


1,140 


600 


400 
1,312 

-1     84 
1^,388 


2,480 

"i'lii 

764 

"'460 
29,804 


12,:{74 


.13 

300 

"266 


272 
53 


8 
3,134 


440 


389 

"263 
2ai 
350 
767 
348 

"i* 

"382 
600 

'"i.57 
33 

""'16 

"1,614 


173 
20 
10 


5..'i(KI 
4, 091 
13,B1.-. 


«i,o:6 
1,2* 

10,476 


3,»J6|     936 


■•'isJ 


1,31S 


4,«tiH 


7,488 
800 
620 


6 
336, 


420 
32,068 


20,7;h 


c« 


3,479 

"1,46(1 
1,6:13 
3,400 

4,488 
3,316 

"'944 

'  5,968 

7,.'yoo 

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468 


116 


15,5 


936 


."i/i  3,24» 
99i     4,884 

,,..1  

156!  2,808 
to     1.300 


116 


218 

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100 

31 

51 
83 

'549 

":t7i 

963 


19,989 


60 
"480 


140,176 


4.aKi 

10,2S3 

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4..^«!! 
20,G0(; 


1.1-J5 


S.-IM 


8.720 


7,461 


4,328  . 
......1. 

4.460|    5,6(10 
4,0001       100 

976 
1.340 


4,052 
37",a56 

iV.osfi 

57,400 


5,728 
200 


460 


6S,338 


1,1.^ 
'3,648 


3K 


m 

3,068 

■■ffl4 
1,1* 
3,692 


244 


4;.(H 


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'I6f 


1.904 


9,4!» 


ioi    a 


ilaexportet 

Whatl       Flou 


312 


;;,i3s 

iSU 
ItfK 

1^ 


8,096 

M,456 
77,880 

4,166 
S»,139 

8,770 


li;,>i6 


43,417 
U,709 

10 


14 
27; 

li 
77 
11 


168 
43 
13 


8 
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758 

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400 

1,050 

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7,525 

4i,;i« 

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98,514 

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100 

I63,C 

109,1 

3 
4 


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188. 


116 

"iji 

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104 


38 


11,545 


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45,581 


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NoT«._Thereportedeiporttnroii»  Canada  ^rve  to  show  from  wh«  ports  thedlffsre^^^ 
fc<M»se»t»lement»ootheUnlted8tatea<h)iiU«r,indtheMl«»tli»vebeen  employed  in  e«liin»«lii|l»<^ 

Mo«nEA^  Jfiv  1, 18SB. 


oftheprinapalani.\ 


rses. 

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6 

3 
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1 

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1      4,180 

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W     1.20< 
16     7,464 
28     1,956 

is  "4,2* 

la     "4.460 

31        97b 

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71    i'r.09« 
62  57,406 

49    5,;* 

4        20( 

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10,283 

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20,008 

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b.m 

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H.  Doc.   136.  ^j^ 

da  exported  from  Canada  to  the  United  Sitnt.,  r 

-— ^^neLJmtea  States,  from  each  port,  in  1851. 

WBeJ       Flour.  Barley...      Be«„,  and  I        Oa.^^^      „..„:, T—- n :- 


S 

I 


'^056 

51,456   'i44,"076 
77,880    272,580 


9|9l)8J  ■  4^864 

i',67i 

3,649 


4,166 

90,139 

8,770 

5 


43,417 
10,709 


15,400 

77,364 

11,080 

30 


1,529 
1,328 


1^996  rr,727|  5,"l"9e 

"eii 

1,316 

524 


""af3J"256 
15,n5   8,044 


Butter. 


>      a 


$6,428 

l>,m 


*6   "404  'VM  "im\ 


9,828    '"SOO      "a^ri'TTsI  '"rwrnl  ■;•■.:! 

,308       660       340       '  i,      '''^     '^    '>»«" 
3,U36|4,438|2,176|aa,0^]    8.4^|..^|     ^ 


6,856|1^73^   7^6 


2,6.52   ... 

1,600 

4,900   ... 

25,704     7, 

162,040  .... 

833   10,773 
109,196     2,— 


ira. 


38 


34,7;« 
780 
746 


5,490  ".549  "aaa 

'     253      m 


45^ 


7,621 
15,623 


104      6, 
360     102 


2 

2,164!  ....    .. 

428   4',472 

1,318  27  'm 
1,180   ....I  ' 

3,7^i   ....I  ■""" 

M8        a   """24 

4.060         J       44 

■  }2i\  •'*  600 
l,i«0|  961 '  .1,100 
•<kM8     374   2,988 


16 


I  t 

«42,664!  979,480 

,_184!  "'91428 

128,1801  132380 

5,440j  147^368 

iii',0641  3iil98 
9,060  7,538 
12,379  71,612 
168  '»44 

181,968 

2,668     317,298 
188      29,860 
'""     151,404 
76,416 
31,278 
3,964 
3,999 
353,248 
100,408 
491,016 
,       9,088 
!'  199,860 
776 
3,736 
17,808 
98,444 
91,968 
33,480 
39,g;i6 
-,— I      45,844 
18,936|      85,304 
86rW4l    397  368 
384      22884 


759        76 


ISO       12! 


97 
19,084 

13,483 


90 


1,666 


1,308 
600 

7281 

4«8   .... 
8    12,687 


1,964 

13,148 

399 

620 

"i,'aB6 

3,508 
1,396 

14,060 


301,164 

70,648 

3,.S99 

10,936 

8,894 

4,133 

19,944 

6,390 

84,008 

38,960 


a™  'b^sm    i'-we' "aji  2  9^:  1  ••■a-- 


1,588 

440 

3,4,'a 


444  :  :  ;:;;• 

156   .... 

W4|    145   Ifioil 


1,853       196|  189  ^ 

9,838  16,996 

3,104  15,459 

3,SM  ujiso 

'i'Mil    infiaa  sTJw 


36      10,140 


68 


'3»!  ""33  "m, 


and  vnliifHiiirsi  hn.*>«.. .  .     .  _  ' — - 


"46,'l'38 
803,970 

"i9|459 
43,196 
6,4IS 

4,784 
61JM 


.'•:      '4.'    h' 


>  1 


i ' 


'0 


^     i 


*  r 


'16^ 
19^16 


10,480 
S,U8a 


s***    -^ 


476  .  H.  Doc.    136. 

No.  11.    <^rprrrfii  of  the  ■princijtal  artichs  of  Canadian  produce  ani'\ 


ArIick,  pot 
and  [MJiirl. 

riank  and 
board.-*. 

Sliiiiglcs. 

Cows. 

IIorscB. 

Wool. 

Whrai  i 

5(1.144. 
4ii-«, 

UXi 
lf,04-> 

^•3 
"'97S 

4:.43(| 
216J*! 

:;4« 

1,13*1 

'  'siji 

35.S4){ 

"iijB 

M 

m 

1,411 

n 

m 

i« 

I 

fii 

•■"a 

■""iii 

3?,8a 

■"i'.iii 

•  • 

Ports. 

i 
■H 

B 

s 

■a 
> 

t 

& 

'£■ 

■a 

§ 

a 

a 

s 
75 
>■ 

a; 

5 
'3 
1 

0 
.a 
s 
3 

i 

•a 

1 

e 

s 

3 

> 

c 

3 

g. 

1 

3 

t 
3 

> 

Anilicrstburg 

Baili 

112 
6 

"338 

"i33 

J' 
"i« 

""e 

74 
""3 

!82,032 
168 

■  9,464 

'3,192 

""560 

'  'i;m 

' ' '  ":n 

3,700 
""84 

'  2,616 

I4,:r75 

10,648 
211 

'"822 
1,312 

'9,436 
1,007 

9.16 
7.986 

240 

'"878 
4  794 

o'2'r,288 
8:i,;i72 

a-i.ie-i 

1,324 

9|540 

'r4'384 
9.076 
6,;)88 

51.004 
1,716 

'4':'t92 
330QK 

":» 
3,3:fi 

92 

i'i'Vi 

.19 

:::" 
4 

1,110 

512 
3 

'"38 
39:. 
356 

"266 

■"eo 

'"ii 
""ei 
"'jei 
"277 

'"36 

10 
210 

8 

"ioi 
'"43 


"4'44 

3,924 

92 

■i;i24 

80 

■■■■4 

68 

1,412 

712 

4 

""x 

430 
368 

'  '266 

'"eo 

"'60 

i;« 

140 
'l',i32 

"iio 
"■3a 

40 

36 

420 

8 

"m 
""ii 

.... 

41 

"b 
""2 

"jjie 
s'mb 

692 
V  • 

•  •  •*• 

■"46 

2',.576 

'46 

"22 

29 

'".S 
"24 

"ij''J28 
2,440 

"248 
"l",666 

"  9",«ii 

"  "l",2(')6 

1,7(KI 

68,768 

'6,160 

iijajo 

'viim 
3;6r,4 

"246 

9,916 

i',.'vi6 

"r,S48 

2,764 

Burwcll 

Belli-villc 

Bondlirad 

C'liath.'\ni 

CMiippcwH 

Cobouri; 

Colbornc 

«;rcdit 

DnlhnuKiv 

DarlhiRtoii 

Dunnville 

Fort  Eric 

Gudcrich 

163 
16 

:«i 

10 
44 





"'41" 
50 

"'96 

"386 
97 

3,764 
400 

1.000 
4(HI 

\;.m 

'  "I'.Os'i") 
1,600 

■  'l',686 

0.948 
2,172 

Hopi' 

6.027:  ;i8,412 

"ei 
■349 

'i54 

*  'a') 
1 

"26 

2,176 

"is 

109 
207 

'ais 

196 

'"e 

'208 

2,100 
"55 

'ioi 

'r,764 

3,676 

2,696 
"246 

12 

"".VJO 
24,640 

"236 

1,088 
1,560 

2',:t76 
2,072 

'44 

'i'mw 

25/1OO 
"766 

.•K  • 

"860 

28 
211 

'i64 

*273 
""5 

""6 
377 

"36 
86 

91 
177 

'ioi 

91 

'i54 

'247 

12.'- 

16 

41 

'55a 

'.198 
1,154 

■"s 

1 

1,624 

16,880 

"  3,28-i 

■l'4",i76 
"""366 

" '  "m 

^,4.19 

"  '\}m 
5,100 

1,848 
3,120 

"  5,140 
4,904 

'3, 028 

'6,608 

6,6.'V2 

760 

1,068 

2!i",964 

"12J44 
70,540 

"iii 

40 

KinjfHton 

6,149 

"4',.'ii8 

60 
347 

""m 

4,982 
'"466 
■  ■  '276 

40,600 

27',i68 

.120 

484 

2,.'il2 

"408 
23,776 

'2,798 

'3,692 

30,000   V,b0U 

Ninpira 

<lnkvillc 

OwtMiV  Hound.. . . 
Pi>nctiini(ui8lienc . . 

Pictou.. 

Uuecniiton 

R<indpau 

Rowan 

Snndwicli 

Baniia 

Stanley 

Toronto 

1 

""i',2.m1  ""aiii 
2,000 1    m 

38,09.'il  7,100 
72,000!17,812 

WellinitoM 

Whitby 

.1  

2,:>37|  20,296 

!!!!!!' '.'.'.'.'. 

Brookvillc 

Maitland 

♦^omwall 

Cotcan  du  Lac 

Dickenxon's  Land 
inft 

1 

8 

132 

CIO 
425 

■"ii.i 
"  "a- 

'"800 
108 

4 
56 

608 
3,048 
1,936 

"1,052 

"iio 

'6,466 
760 

i7,8;w 

34,428 

14,276 

1!         28 

194,32£ 

'  "ioo 

200 
30,34): 

958 











Unnanoquc 

1 

Prespott 

Riviere  aui  Kai»in» 

8t.  Renin 

Clnrenreville 

FreliglmburK 

Hiirefofd 

Hcmminitford 

Huntingdon 

LncollB 

34.% 

""io 

6,472 

"aoo 

224        ^ 

"'"67 
"2',366 

"I'ioo 

94,146 

■""636 
90 



■"i-j 
""560 
■"476 

90 

PhilliwbuiK 

Pottnn 

Quebec 

102 

"a 

13,359 

3,03ti 

""sm 

373,899 

3,5511 

j 

3I,89e 

""4« 
5,76S 

8t.  Jolin 

ftaulteHto.  Marie.. 

Ga«ne 

MURirtt 

1,588 


a 

9,142 

1,819 

"'ia 

9,.TR4 

5 
"sj 

7 

80 
"394 

NewCaatIo 

Bcauce 

Button............ 

Bruce  Minea 

.v..;p.y. 

■  •  •  • 

~i .  r. 

-rtXlTT 

IS* 

Total 

15^ 

437^11 

ii6;w 

7a!i,03e 

12,196  15,1686,60( 

77,S0C 

4,2« 

915,06e 

386,«91 

£6,860 

Tbe  yaat  IBSO  wi 
ftvqucnt  Intercoiirr 

MoaTMAL,  Jf«| 

utha 
ethat 

\xtt[ni 
nillaud 
ii. 

rhich  ai 
rriular 

ly  relur 
report! 

nofex 
of  all 

portai 
iHiln-ai 

niand 
pdcari 

.j,jS  ... 

waKm 
looaar 

lade. 

SiCU 

Itiaea 
rcelyto 

tlmated 
beeipec 

ibuib 
ted. 

1 

o 

'mnnfaeture  to 

ffbeit 

Flour. 

i 

1 

if 

i 

3 
"5 

i 

■3 

>     a 

t> 

Kiir> 

1.. 

^i,m 

1,444 

Si5,164 

HjH'  18,756 
iUti' 

75,024 

I'udi 

! 

\IM 

m  5,716 

:j  30,000 
im  69,57V 
iml  ^141 
1  m\  17,105 
J  100  2,878 
tm  1,360 
lUiO 


23,344 


120,000 
278,280 
45,708 
47,318 
7,704 
5,;i36 


30,7(0 
93,032 
4,932 
14,716 
160 


im     564       2,456 


10,000 
34,348 

|«!l^ 
S37 


40,616 
137,392    4 
10,.il2    8 
54,000 
1,012 


p> 

»  ""k 

«   ""iT 

ffi ...... 

fi       16 

i« 1 

B  6,310 

»  8 

»     484 

■ 728 

4 

1,792 

""m 
"ek 

300 

"x'fim 
79 

"546 

181,192 

32 

1,936 

4,7« 
"'97 

*o«ldb.. 

«3,376J62,.'W 
Ucd  to  Uio  a 

H.  Doc.   136. 


H  jj,  «.    X70C.     136. 

J-            J          ^^'»*^fi^'^^  ^°  t^  United  States  hu  i^i     j 
[itanp-otoanivM^J ^^  ^^^t^,  by  inland  routes,  in  the  year  1850. 


47T 


*'  ,-*    i'^ 


Woul. 

Wka ; 

c 

3 

8. 

3 

a 

a 

>   - 

2      ! 

M.IM 
«.i-0! 

i.v!«j! 
u« 
lews 

1131 

47.e( 
mj« 

:.« 

14,i.<»i 
1.13%' 

'  'i'ji 

69,M 

l.fll 
1,411 
^A 

sii 

w 
lid 

a 

i« 

» 
"■"«i 

iii 



iii 

m 

1,* 

i8 

tn 

is 

M 

BO 

ii 

76 
00 

mi 
■& 

w 

00 

48 
30 

40 
04 

28 

08 

uK 

60 
6? 

64 

144 
40 

io 

40 

"r,'j<V) 

l,7(l<l 
6t!,7ti« 

'6,ir.o 
I'a'.wio 

30,000 



2,000 
72,000 

""224 

'2,306 

"l",966 
34,146 

■"638 
90 

i«) 

9,916 

i',M6 
\jm 

'%m 

7,600 



"240 

400 
7,100 
17,612 

"236 



■"66 


"ij 
"500 

"276 
3,3X 

'"w 

SO 



lee 

986/191 

56,860 

1^ 

10 

beexpec 

led. 

t 

$25,604 
y6,47a 
113,792 
201,940 
;)9,«84 
45,913 
30,416 
54/*» 
a,2I2 
237,132 
304,4;Q 
66.136 
10«;632 

i.'>,eoo 

3B,;ft» 
6,932 
4,83a 

127,928 
388,096 
11,128 
178,940 
2,260 
484 
14,008 
34,500 
408 
36,672 
36,040 
7,;j.l8 
119,948 
341,.340 
5;»,87a 
137,612 
73,284 
6,3.56 
4,268 
12,300 

3,884 
14,608 

4,938 
10,984 
93,494 

"V,33a 

4,968 
11,698 
43,57* 
12,144 

4,4M 

106,87» 


'r^^^^^^\^,m^^i^,^~ 


63,690       78,436 

1 '1,848       30,084 

229,090  1,297,844 

7,9.M         7,858 

9081  '608 

4,498 

37,98a 


, , 4,6aa 

l,7iatJ46,.128i3«7,269:.^8«  ^^% 


104 

4,oaj 


5,009,480 


THOB.  C.  K££FCIU 


f  *      r  ' 


4.',  ^  -f 


r 


IS*' 


'V  f 


478 


H.  Doc.  186. 


iMi 


i;  t  J»  wtoii&u-«S*a\iA.', 


I 


^r  '.U 


:  is  :»  : 

164 

ills 

i 


I- in  "IS)    "J  ' 


'  :  .  ;k 

,   •  .w  • •  • ' 



J  •  •  •  •  • 
(  .  •  •  •  • 
'  .  .  «     •  • 


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>  : 


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•••■•,:  -•o  '  < 

•  m    * — *   *      l6  *  !l 

s — K — w-  -r~4~^-*w-*-M 

'  '  •- : .  ::::3 
;  •  '2  •• 


:  :  •  • : 
.  '  '  • ' 


t  •     • 

s 

1 

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■  •    •    • 

•»   1 

■  •   •    • 

J  •  *  J 

• :' :  i 

•  *  ■  • 

P4 

:  i : : 

>  f  •  • 

e« 

•  «  ■  • 

(0 

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<  •  >  • 

• : :  • 

1 .  ."le 

« 

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■  • 

^ 

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n    ID 


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H.  Doc.    136k 


47». 


'*'    •  wri-  iff  -' 

/I 


..^ 


l^  ■'■!'      ■  111  I 


J; 


.n 


^  'Alii  i  1 1  i' 


480 


H.   Doc.  136. 


1^    (.:  H    !f.4 


No  16.—Genered  statement  showing  imports  into  the  port  of  New  Carluk, 
district  of  Gaspc,  for  the  year  ending  Janmry  5,  1852,  distinguuKini 


the  countries  from  whence  and  the  route  by  which  imported. 


From  Brit 
ishiYA.  I 
colonjea. 


Coffee,  green • cwt 

Sugar,  refined ~. ....  do 

other  kinds do... 

Molasses ^ do. . . 

Tea 'bs.  .. 

Tobacco,  manufactured. . .  .do. . . 

Snuff .' do... 

•Wine gallons.. 

Fruit,  dried 
Spices.... c 

Vinegar gallons 

Cocoa  arid  chocolate. .  .pounds 

Glass 

Leather,  tanked 

Oil,  except  palm gallons 

Pork, mess cwt. . . 

Manufacl'd  candles 

coiton . .  .*. 

leather  boots, 

hardware • 

linen 

•  wool 

articles  not  enum'd. 

-Coal. • 

Dyestuffs 
Iron,  bar,  rod 
Iron,  boiler  plate 
Iron  hoops 
Lard 

Lead 

Pitch  and  tar barrels 

Rope .        , 

Resin  and  rosm barrel 

Tallnw ■ 

•Other  articles  not  enumerated 


Ani  mals,  pigs number, 

'Booka 00... 

Drawings 

Itf  size.  .....'•• • 

Soda !■"".' 

.Beef pounds 

Bread cwt... 

Chocolate pounds 

Flour barrels. 

Fish cwt 

Millstones number. 

•  Oil,  fish. ..»w^.gi»llon*^ 

Pork pounds. 

SalU bushels. 

■Wood 


I  Coaalrin  from  whicl 
entered. 


of  New  Carl'ule, 
2,  distlngiiuhinj  \ 
d. 


Prom       From  Brit- 1 
United     |    ishN.A. 
S(|tes.     I    coloniet. 


$164 


1,0(13 1 

1(1 
it 


■■] 

IN 
4f 

•  *^  •  •  •  •• 

I 

!'.'.!!!!!! 

'i 

211 

4 

iiii 

4 

) 

li 

.•■•*■..> 



340 

7,» 

340 

13,5 

18, 

Bf-   Doc.   136.  ^         ^ 

ki'l^^^ract  o/the  trade  or  the  r,orf.rn    ,  '^  ^ 

!  g^Aom  goods  of  ^rithh  prodZeand  T^?'  '^"^ V^^^>-^ 
M  January  5,  1862.         ^  '^^  "^nufacture,  %iring  the  ^ 


«lmliei. 

•  of  nndry  goods  Tnv^  1 

Ja;^ 

"*™* I 

Total 


fwiedeuulwMkept.  ^^  fJo^^e  was  nk^  L    '^'''''ch 


•  .52 


w"  Plaied  in   tt:"  V^VZ^^-^^ 


.1    > 


i»    ^j 


••J 


* 


*,^^ 


(  ':  '•I 


ft*' 


,'1/  ^ '   ^  Hi  !  1  f  ' 


«• 


mt 


H.  Dpc.   ia6. 


.2iji\i  uwvuiiisaia' 


% 


IF'  .*■  ,i      ' 


•    9  .    i 


484 


H.  Doc.   136. 


No  20.— General  statement  shgtving  the  imports  into  theiport  of  Quekc  fA 
ihe  year  ending  January  5, 1862,  distinguishing  t/ie  countries  from  wknci\ 
and  the  route  by  which  imported. 


Articles. 


KNTKRED  rO*  COMirMPTION. 


Toiol  qutinii- 
ties. 


Total  value  |  To^  value 
via  the  Uni!edr*.y  eea,  via  St. 
Slates,  inland.l  «Lavirrcnce 


1,207  2  26 

1,274  2  24 

25,371  0    1 

20, 102  0  10 

310,260 

225,082 

91,683 

1*543 

24,540 

■i    » 

62 
65,525 


Coffee,  green.. .....cwt.. 

Sugar,  refined • ......ao.. 

other  kinds do.. 

molhsses -do.  • 

Ten lbs.. 

Tobacco,  unmanufactured do . . 

maniifactured do.*. 

Cigars .....do„. 

SMriU,  brandy. ga'""-  • 

Cfin ^''•• 

Rum °'^-' 

Whiskey 5°" 

Cordials °'>- 

Wine «*»•• 

Rice 

Salt. bushels. . 

Froit,  green - 

dried 

Spieas.., 

Confectionery  and  preserves ........ 

Maecaroni 'fl"-' 

Vinegar. •. g""*' 

Chains,  barley  and  rye • 

Beans  and  pease 

BCcU...... 

PI^Qf, bbls. 

ProTiaions,  butter cwt. 

Cheese do. 

Meata,aalt ao. 

Hopfc , 'b"- 

Ale  and  bw g»U«- 

Cocoa  and  chocolate  .,. 

Fish,  salt  and  pickled 

freah 

Futt 

Olasa 

Leather,  tanned 

OUof  all  sorts g""'- 

Paper.... 

Seeds..... 

Manufacti^res,  candles 

cotton 

leather •  .*•< 

India-rubber 

iron  and  hardware. .  < 

linen 

•     Bilk 

wood 

wool 

Bfadiinwy..  •  •^^••^•»  ••••**••  •••••■!  ••"t» 

Articles  not  enumerated 

Burr  stones  unwrought, 

Chain  cables 

Coals.... «»"■•• 

Dyestuffs ""•• 

Ftex,  hemp,  and  tow tons.. 

HidM 

Jnnkwd  ftf hfl"* tt — ...«..■  .cwt« . 


314,322 


1,510 
14,775 


371 

3  0  19 

83  S  23 

199  3  10 

340 

10,553 


87,740i 


«^  M^M._m. A »..•  *.**.*.: 


1,000 


60,8551 
15, 148 
391  19  3  18 

3,538  3  15 


E 


Toltl  raiMi 
nftht 
wholfc 


»3,1C 


15,592 
4,368 
7,284 
1,392 


«■% 


453 


952 


1,192 


444 


84 


16 


260 

373 

3,068 

68 
640 

93 


1,048 


5,480 
4,960. 


1,493 


14,09S 


4 

3,304 

tlt.tataitt. 


$8,79(5 
9,548 
"114,052 
27,«64 
55,ii96 
11,052 
3,93i 
5S8 
17,732 
9,260 
1,9C4 
1, 180 
100 
30, 640 
7,464 
,18,824 
3,232 
'„    7,584 
6, SCO 
„      708 
148 
1,812 
136 
28 
3,792 
532 
8 
1,068 
944 
40 
5.504 
732 
S9,128 
2,156 
14,193 
24,856 
14,468 
49,153 
7.364 
393 
3,686 
31f),804 
8,536 
156 
403,744 
75,644 
101,859 
9,164 
339,080 
4,440 

1,300 
43,734 
95,976 

6,713 
19,344 

1,164 

la^seo 


$11,91 

9,j( 

1U,II 

27,ll( 


3l,i! 

4 


miKO  roR  cc 


fr  it^t"*. 


1 1  i  A<£  j6iiS*l  ^A.* 


port  of  Quebec  fori 
mtricsfromwlieneil 


r 


of  the 
whole. 


H.   Doc.  13ft 

^ATEMENT-Oontinued  ^^^ 

S'«te«,  inland.    LwiJnL  "C*^' 

—  ( . |_  '  I  ""'WM.   I    Whole. 

mUlO  f  OR  CONIVMPTION. 

1 • kegs..,  .. 

jd...... «iH  tl,8l3  , 

f^"' • bbl...      -••■• «'876  ,,a7g 

"'*'"""' ..barrels  o  3<»f    97?if  ^'^^ 

u„ 'on-..        33  17  0  22  ^^  "'saj  ^^'^^ 

Frugoodt.  j  el'  ■•|  600  |  -^ 

ffiii'^'.V.V.V. ^'''■"  j  17, 461 

, ,'-13    si'-aSj   sf'SS 

20, 536  I       7ifi  fiao  I      »^ 

^0,888        767,4a< 

^3,992  I    3  22l~fiT7'hrir — 
^.-ai.eifi  I  3,3*5,608 

L  ^  ' 

■GwtBritoin 

CSS"  ^-"^n -cote;;;;.-;. .:::::::  '^^2^      #2,850.500 

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H.  Doc.  136; 


No.  22. — An  account  of  the  staple  articles,  the  produce  of  Canada,  S/t.,  ei. 
ported  in.the  year  ended  1851,  as  compared  with  the  year  ended  1850. 

PORT  OF  QUEBEC. 


1851. 

1850. 

Description  of  articles 

(Quantity. 

Value. 

duantity. 

Value. 

•barrels. 
...do... 

716 

3,082 

2,330 

3.016 

1,040 

4,898 

20 

564 

3,252 

1,302 

388,265 

3,449,611 

a-),  618 

141, 143 

5,323 

•2,404 
86,900 
37,372 
14,900 
408 
1,960 

I        5,268 

18,468 

4,376 

26,596 

937,480 

196, 124 

570,876 

900 

588 
2,434 

\,mi' 

1,713 

3,470 

5^583 

S            121 

692 

4,613 

1,0.35 

182,023 

2,995,764 

33,166 

151,094 

12,415 

6,200 

4,320 

4,423 

620 

2,970 

27,600 

17,435 

11,. '•.41 

6,543 

89.652 

326,033 

2,394 

<s            271 

i       52,000 

3,229 

452 

3,622 

915 

28, 195 

$1  iSt 

6,]a 

pearl 

Aeh  timber 

nnrlA V .....  ....  .•■•■• 

...do... 

...tons.. 

.min^ts. 

. .pieces . 

31,003 
1,120 

Rnttftnn .■•••■• 

2  060 

Beef       

..tierces. 
..barrels. 
.  ..tons.. 

9,409 
28,52) 

do 

Rirrh  timber  .........■>•••■ 

Ttifimit.  .......■•■■■■■•••••• 

...cwt.. 

2.91( 

Butter 

.pounds, 
.pieces.. 
...tons.. 

'^  22,625 

Deals,  pine  and  spruce 

#584,™ 
220,915 

piour i .  •  ■  •   •  • 

..barrels, 
.  .pieces. 

60,  OS 

KnndflTiikes  ....■•••■••••••■ 

%n 

.. .do.. . 

901 

LarJ 

Lath-wood  and  firewood 

1\f  fllCt«                     .............a*** 

.pounds. 
. .cords. . 
.  .pieces . 

45, 472 

5,507 

671 

2,897 

28, 105 

9,074 

5,827 

11,543 

90,488 

410,091 

2,690 

50 

44,000 

2, 2.S2 

236 

3,877 

430 

19,758 

2,256 

32,080 

67, 100 

9,976 

189,308 

4,536 

2,976 

8,960 

456,232 

1,508,528 

30, 424 

1            250 

44,640 

34,076 

348,060 

2,028 

4,068 

13,208 

39) 
26,23 
62,  W 

..barrels. 
. .  .tons. . 

8,S8S 

251,001 

Oarg 

..pieces., 
.bushels. 
...do... 
. .  .tons.. 

'8,!2) 

Oats. 

%m 

Pease  ^nd  beans 

PinA  tilnber    red   ......>■..• 

468,  int 

....do.. 

1,U93,0! 

Pork   w 

..barrels, 
.bundles, 
.pieces. . 
....do... 
....M... 

23,  (« 

j^hinvlefl  ....  *  •«'.  ■•■■•■••*•• 

j     n 

Do 

Sparfl • 

*  64,a 

58,34 

....do... 

263,11 

Tamnrftck  wood. ....    ■■■•••• 

, .  .tons. . 

4,(! 

nieces. 

5,a 

II,  n 

f 

4,671,048 

.<),  861,98 

CutTOH-iioDiE,  Quebec,  March  13,  1853. 


i^ 


I  Acetate  of  lime. . 


A'jffi.if^i 


Canada,  ^,,  ei, 
r  ended  1850. 


1850. 


aantity. 

Value. 

588 

t\;M 

2,434 

6,730 

1,002- 

31,008 

1,713 

<!,MJ 

3,470 

1,120 

5,583 

2,060 

121 
692 

j     9,408 

4,613 

28,521 

1,035 

%% 

182,023. 

'^  2-2,KJ 

995, 764 

*em,m 

3S,166 

WM 

151,094 

mM 

12,415 

%m 

6,200 

900 

4,320 

391 

4,423 

%,m 

620 

Sim, 

9,970 

8,680 

27, 600 

251,001 

17,435 

m 

11,. 141 

3,761 

6,543 

3,7<8 

89,652 

468,976 

326,033 

1,«55,09{ 

2,394 

23, !« 

271 

m 

52,0100 

3,229 

64,511 

452 

58,31 

3,622 

263,111 

915 

ifi 

28,195 

5,80 

11,78 

3,88I,X 

I  iMm^Mii 


*•   Doc.   136-  ^^^ 

No. 23. — An  account  of  tJip  ttn',^1^     .•  i 
^edinrM  year  eUd  ^S::::^'\i'^^^'-<=^  «^^«-'^'  ¥.  «r- 
tM  5tA  January,  1851.  ^'  ^^^^'  «*  compared  with  the  yZr 

PORT  OP  MONTREAL. 


DeMiiption  of  goods. 


Year  ended  January  5, 1852. 


|Aibef,pearl.. 


Year  ended  January  5, 1851. 


Acetate  of  lime I  3g  cag](g 

298  tierce-.,  fiVO  barrdV  Vp^  jo V„ Vf  V ' ' " 

.  rels;  ofU'ese  28  barrels  berf?!"'" 
2  tjercea  and  J  cask.  ""^ '^^eign. 

'Sttea!^«-''«'Mnmanu. 


SllMffl 


iBenwaz 

iBiKait.. 


iBiu 


Bndti I      ^     ^ 

BnoiM,  com 'ss  JnVo'rl *i  *•••,•■*•• 

I*-*.: sSJeyltiTh'"^*';  ""''  ^  broom.      * 

rele  ^  'fi^'''''"'^  ""''  '2  half  bar- 
'      "'*'  ^"«  firkins  and  251   tuhi.    v. 

Il3boxe3-lo  Britigh.  3  Canada  mn 

nianufacturpd  in  bond.  '  ^^^ 

jS  stoves  and  8  pieces 


909  barrels  freshi 


'  packages. 


19  barrels. 
1,853  barrels. 


ICudlM 


mron  ware. 


>,liuliu). 


p  "gea,  J  cask,  1  case,  1  cheese. 


65  barrels  and  204  bags. 
1,000  bushels. 

8,000. 
10,015  kegi. 

189  boxes. 


fiiilare 

•  Mdalting. 


foreizn?  ^*'^°^  ^''""<^«.  6,063 


Hoa(8  ..., 

Hooft 'I 

Hooejr \\'^ 

Puna  «ad  bones' 


""•"Is  .... 
Dwta ' 

Bi'let*.....','! 
Handipikes . '. 

0«r« 


WllBut 

**w»i  «d.  uid 
Mm).  I 

-''««".^.:;::liSK:-., 


11  packages. 

15  packages,  IGcaaks,  8  rases  1  n,.„ 

13  j^xes  and  9i  boxes. 
29  half  barrels. 

7  tons  2  cwt.  and  5  pounds. 
3bnx«s.3tms.andlcase. 

23fi  h,    7"'  "r  *• '""".  6  c*l.  bones 
6,907  pieces..,. 

>,3i2  pieces .'.■.'.*;;;::;' 


'V 

9  IngS. 

875  pairs ;. 




••• 


•  •••••••• 


.VO'oo  feet; ' 

822,739  pieces  std.,  8,248  barrel. 


133  packages. 

41,491  bushels. 
129,740  barrels. 

23  packages. 


35  tons  horns  and  bonea. 
4  barrels  and  208  ke"^. 


7,487  piece?. 
3,146  pieces. 
622  pieces. 
18,032. 


1*367  pcun;^ 

338  pieces. 

231,861  pieces  std.  and  bbk 

375,400  pieces. 

l,47abMTeli. 


i     -  m 


¥    \ 


M 

r 


"Ml-    ' 

•  J*  *  •'  r  'i*i 

-■      '.I.;.;'!!/-. 


5> 


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'  1 


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.     i 


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•  *,,;,"   , 


»"  ^'t  "'IpKSS'.v? 


402 


H.  Doe.  im 

STATEMENT— Continued. 


Deieription  of  goods. 


Year  ended  January  5, 1652. 


Meal,  oat . 
Maphtba .. 

Oata 

Oilcake.., 


OniojDB 

Oree,  copper. 

Paila 

Feaa 


Pipes,  tobacco. 
Porlc 


Saleratna 

Seed,  Tis: 

Clover . . . 

Timothy 

Millet  ... 

Flax.... 

Soap 

Starch 

Sugar,  maple . . . 
Sirup,  maple ... 

Tongues , 

Vinegar 

Wheat 

Whiskey 


1,019  barrels  and  13  half  barrels. 
11  cases  and  8  casks. 


SStons,  8cwt.,3qrs. 


Wooden  mana&ctares 


Value. 


160  barrels  and  24 bushels. 

41&tons,5cwt. 

95  doxen. 

61,476  bushels,  543  barrels,  and  50  half 
barrels. 

Ibox 

3,739  barreM,  1  tierce,  and  4  half  bar- 
rels ;  of  these  1,734  foieign. 

116  boxes. 

31  barrels. 

96  barrels  and  89  casks. 

6  barrels. 

19  barrels  and  260  bushels. 

19  boxes ».. 

901  boxes  and  1  case  pulverized. 

7  boxes. 

1  keg  and  1  jar. 

55  kegs  and  4  barrels. 

50  barrels 

134,010  bushel 

14  hhds.  and  4  quarter-casks,  (British.) 

30  puncheons  Britiah  ratamed. 
71pac]oiiges. 


Year  ended  Januaty  5, 1851. 


539  harrela. 

1,072  minots. 
200  tons,  7,6 
34  barrels. 
328  barrels. 


piecMiaiid 


309,874  bushels  and  406 !». 
rels. 

100  boxes  and  65  half  bozct  | 
445  barrels. 


.•1,834,119 . 


819  boxes. 


44  caiks. 
87,953  bushels. 


tl,453,680. 


N  . 


I  «■      ,  1  .u 


^««>^      }y  titf 


-,>*?■• 


ded  January  5, 1851. 


inots. 

IS,  7,608  piecM,  and 


rbnahelaand406lw> 

cea  and  65  half  boxet  | 
:rels. 


H^  Doc.  13ft 


m 


h  addition  to  the  foreeoinfr  tK«  t  n      ■  ' 

foi^ignslups  from  this  po^,w1:id;v£^^^^^  were  exported  ii, 

outward,  under  a  Kqense  granted  in  Se^o??^  ^ '^^""'^^to  ^^^^^ 
cv  the  Governor  GeneraJ.^in  counciUf "he  2^H  °P^t'  °^  ^'  «^««"«n- 


Deacription  of  ^ods. 


Year  endinj  January  5, 1858. 


Iw"*'"" •.... ......... 

M 

Ignttar * » 


■••-?•••« 


OTbarrela. 

.^^•"•'a-ndStiercea. 
« .1      600  &""''" '"^•• 

aOSkega.  ■ 

K;.:::::::::::::::: »-<-'• 

»BTei^Btandard  -  -       * J00ni»«. 


•  •f. ............ 

■".•-•••••••• 

Tiz: 


p*""^'"" .: 

■ i... 

w^ .' 


•  ••••••*•• 


piecea. 
1, 451  piecea 
<»  609  piecea. 

SO  barrel). 

18  bales. 

75  barrela. 


•.•*... .. 


Value 


•99,804. 


|Ccinii.Boni, 

*"*KJbMiar»6,I85a. 


R.  H.  HAMILTON,  Comptrolkr. 


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H.  Doc.   186. 


^I 


—  oul 

No.  30.— Abstract  of  mercharulu^  ^.^  •    j  ^ 


Artidet. 


fc:::::::::::::::::  ''JSJ&i'^--. '^i ^.r.,, 

r? 987buehel«,,         i 

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\^' 

|I«ili«r. 

■-- — --^  ••••••••••••», 

IwoeUi... ,,,,  ^ 

■-•••••••, • •. 

i,drM*rf        : 

Qodniied- 

IZf^'" •. 


16  cask.....;;;; 

Sbales • 

7ai«e« ;; 

„2oobSei...;:* ; 

2.439  wr,,..,c,, ,;-,;;  y-.j...^... 


fue,,,.  *«r«8e« jgg 

481,213 


#69.569  00 
1,095  OO 
354  00 
8,791  00 
1,105  00 
1,930  00 
6,347  00 
846,814  00 
630  00 
519  00 
757  00 
666  00 
{^.651  00 
316  OO 
189  OO 
1,300  00 


DtitiicTor^iwYoRK, 

Wfcctor'*  qfflu,  Mmrch  29, 1852. 


00 
1.427.093  QO 


krins  if^  year  1851.  "''^'^'  of  Boston  and  Charlestown, 


ArtidtiL 


' • ,, 

, 


P«ckBgei. 


Value. 


28, 763  barrel. "~ ^ 

I       151  barral.  ' i9fi  9iu:  nn 

rt%.:::: ».«»Clndi;ii-:::::: ^tSS  / 

.T^: 3c.«« 7,466  00 

SOcaaka  f  ifis  rm 

fisKai.-.-;;;;;;; J      m  m 


V 

I 


SOcaaka         

i.;:; a.8i5bu.heia.v;;v ^ 

■»•  ftawl  i«n«M,     ,  "" • 

• I        87packajf|. 


1,069  00 
8,698  00  L 

a;i33oo/ 

119.441  00 


l^l 


•^ 


r'-iii.'.>i.. 


<*vi» 


i-  >* 


502 


H.   Ddc.  186. 

No.  3a.-DlSTRICT  OF  NEW  YORK. 


^'«'i;^£fe:lt;^TS2;xi:?;fe;^^^^^^^^ 


-^ — ^ 

Booka "^• 

Bruahes 

Bead* 


Packages. 


68  cases  and  9  boxM 

I  case  and  2  casks 

15  cases'. • j'«r""*i** 

45  hogsheads,  10  baskets,  and  75  casks. 

2:!SiL,;;""::::::"*!"!   2,829  P^we.... ...... ...••.•••;;;;;•;;; 

I        9  casks • 


Borr^tones 

Buttons 

Camphor 

Cordials 

Cassia 

Coffee 

Cloves 

Corks 

Cut  glass 

Dry  good*  .a 

Drugs 

Earthenware 

Engravings 

Pur* 

Fire-crackers 

Fish..... 

Flower*,  artificial • 

Ginger 

Gin 

Glassware 

Olaas  bottle* 

Haidware ■•• 

Hemp,  manufactures  of... 

Hide* 

Hau,  wool 

Iron,  bar •••• 

manufactures  of.. .  • 

sheet. ...t 

Jewelry ■ 

Leather •  • 

Leather,  manufactures  of 

Lookine-jglass  plate 

Musical  instrument*. ... 

Molasae* ;• 

Metal,  manufacture*  of.. 

Nutmec*  .«••»••• 

Oil  clptn.t •  •• •••• 

on 

palm ••• 

painting* 

Preaerved  fruit 

fi*h 

Plant*.... 

Paper  hanging* 

manufaetu**  of. . 

Pimento 

Perfumery 


ValM. 


I  casks. 


1. ..•*...•' 


50  boxes ............••••• 

1,130  mate,  248  cases,  and  5  packages 

200  bags 

11  bags 

13  bags  and  20  bales 

3  cases ;*.••*■,*■  "" 

259  cases,  62  bales,  and  1  package 
18  cases,  3  bales,  1  ceroon,  and  4 

2  cases,  50  crates,  and  2  casks 
1  case  and  t  package 

14  cages  and  2  boxes 

50  cases  and  100  boxes 

35  cases  and  25  boxes 

3  cases  and  2  packages 

6  bags • 

3  hogsheads •.:•.•••*   ' 

17  cases  and  400  demijohns... . 

3,000  bottles ■ 

59  caees'and  151  casks 

2  coil* '• ' 

7,474  hide* ••••••• 

6  case* 

16  casei,*6"ca*k*,  50  packages,  and  30  kegs. 

340  bundle* ^ 

5  case* '. 

10  case* 

43  ca*e*  and  3  bale* § 

ac«*e* 

9rMe* 

34Shogdieiid*..... 

37ea*c*  and  I  cask 

K  keg*  and  8  barrel*. 

3ea*e* •• 

99eadn  rndSObtrnkatM 

39cMkaMrf  !•■•* 

13.6(W  b^V.5Vl'biJiidi,*iwl  937  package*.. 
77eM«*MdWb«w»*- 

1  box,  (Am) 

.    itmemt 

SleM*4 
183  bag* 
I 


m 

1,915  ( 

\,m 
\,m 

113 1 

%mi 

iM 

ml 

ml 

d 

3,8 
],8»| 

?J 
6,01 
114 

1,9 


mm  ••••■• 


■•*•«••••••• 


Paint* .....  • 
Railroad  iron 

Rhabarb ' 

Rum 

Silk* 

Spiee* 

Cigara 

Siigara 

Soap  .••.•••  ••••  ••••••••••• 


............ 


•...••••.••••••' 


• 

...»♦•••• 


......... 




• 


SOcaaka 
S9, 096  bar*. 

99  hogahead*  and  18  ca*k* 
S3  eaae*  and  S  paeka|ea 
3ca*eaand98bag*....    .^,,_    .... 

746  oaekan*.  53  boxea,  and  SB»  cass*. 

9. 484  K5S..  68  bariala,  and  8  bo«. 

SWbosfi 


1.1 

».] 
••1 


^1 
1>I 


IK 


10 


''-U^,:^JL>IA^<'f- 


I  in  bond  to  the  fro, 
ie  year  1861, 


VllM. 

P,3Mi 

3531 

1,5191 

>  casks 

*,% 

3,339 
^39 

•■• 

1,0» 

;e 

4  easks. 


2.6(41 
3,3441 

ml 

9911 
4*1 

6fi,9«| 
3,8 
1,«. 

mi 

1,S 


,  and  30  kegs, 

aa  ••••••••■*' 

•  •  •  *   I  •••••• 

k*  «  •■ 

•  •■• •** 

•  •  ••  •••■ 


% 

6, 
1, 

•,• 

,1. 

93*7  paiiigti.. 

a, 
1. 

* 

4, 

1. 

-.-•••••••••••• 

„^-^ -.■"•""•  i 

M 

1 

U 

MOcMifc. 

idSbPMi 

»       yuijfJkidrt 

-d 

^ 

^ 

^-   I>oc.  136. 

ABSTRACT--Continued. 


^ 


1    1 


Snvliat*. 
Sandrief .. 
Tin  ^f •••••■••••,.«  •••• 

I?7*; 

TInphiM 

I* 

S^ 

WiM 

Wood.. 
WitchM 


•....., 


^•^^«e. ^.*;; X..... 

,**>»•«« 

i  S.": .?. .'-"'«'-'.  «d  36  pi^:::::: :  • 

leases ''_' 


«      #  ^  'I  t  ■      ' 
»  >   ..I     *  ' 


'•  -    * 


<647  0» 

90.059  0» 

8,371  00 

64«0» 

8.197  00> 

5,907  00 

..  '^8  00 

IS,  890  00 

19  00 

1,439  00 


'I' 


5*8,1*3  00 


"       No.  33.-PORT  OP  BOSTON 


Articles. 


9 


Book* , 

I  JkjfoBda 

[  Bmlwnware. . . . , 
iFlatedinK 

Iftnvhati 

I5**' 

lEiiiiiu 

Sir.::'"-'"--- 
& ::::::::::::: 

IWuehef 

5£--...::.:::::::::. 
fc:::::;::-- 

I?*"»s« 

Issr' 

Kr:;*" 

Ills;:: 

K;p«^«<« :::::::: 

iHtir^'ii,;;:: '^•••• 

j[*»i«"tiA.mVnu:::::::: 

a,^* 






Packages. 


I,074cate.,  410  bales...      

Serat** '^L' 

J"?"** :_•• 

9^ :::: 

615  boxes.....:: 

9  do  ....*:".■*■■ 

488  boxes 

Ceases 

3    do   SMboxM*.': 

9    do     Scaska     

6  balfs,  3  bundled 

,95b«rwl...:"?.*f • ; 

50  boxes : •'.... 

9    do   ■ , 

'f  bag... :::;;::::;;;;;;;; 

lease 

•I  do ». 

10  boxes.,. 

^«*«« '•••• 

lease 

IS::::: "•""": 

i!sL--:::::::::::::: 


••.., 

• 


3    do  .  


3  do 

4  do  


•• ••••••». 

•••••• 


9es 

904 

4S1 


580,  ni 


j&fi . 


•*> 


mu 


'19.  'Dbc; 


Md.  34. — Abstract  of  quantity  and  value  of  Canadian  jhur  \xporteifrm\ 
the  port,  of  Boston  to  all  pons  during  the  year  1851. 

16,688  barrels  Canada  flour ;  value ^.  4. .  157,926 


Uo.  36. — Abstract  of  the  quantity  and  value  of  Canadian  fl6ur  e:^tedfm\ 
the  port  of  Boston  to  the  British  American  colonies  during  the  year  185lf 

•4,690  barrels  Canada  flour ;  value Sl4,96l| 

(  

Ko.  36. — Flour  and  wheat,  the  produce  of  Canada,  exported  from  tkp 
i^New  York  to  the  British  colonies,  ^t.,  in  1851 ;  and  also  the  mhcKJa 
other  Canada  produce  exported  to  the  colonies  and  to  Great  Britain,  ijc. 

Ashes  exported  to  Great  Britain,  1,643  barrels S40,54 

Ashes  exported  to  other  ports,  878  barrels 19,081 

Butter  exported  to  Great  Britain,  251  kegs 1,69| 

Furs  exported  to  Great  Britain,  12  cases 3,691 

Furs  exported  to  other  places,  2  cases,  3  casks,  3  puncheons    2,97| 

Wax  exported  to  other  ports,  20  bafts U 

Beef  exported  to  Great  Britain,  100  tierces l,ft 

.  Fbur  exported  to  Great  Britain,  88,653  barrels  I 

Flour  exported  to  British  provinces,  86,689  barrels 299,4i 

Flour  exported  to  other  ports,  100  barrels ,..      351 

"Wheat  exported  to  Great  Britain,  607,044  bushels 344,51 

Wheat  exported  to  British  provinces,  6,798  bushels 4,6* 

\ 

\ 

Jfo.  37- — Statement  of  the  value  and  quantity  of  Canadian  flour  adm 
received  in  bond  at  the  port  of  New  York,  and  the  value  and  jiwii/i| 
exported,  during  the  year  1861. 

Flour  Varehoused,  260,362  barrels 5846,8| 

Flour  exported,  176,342  barrels •  •    ^^'^ 

Wheat  warehoused,  712,403  bushels  . . .  i f^fl 

Wheat  exported,  613,842  bushels 349^ 

No.  SBi—Total  amount  of  wheat  and  flour  in  store,  December  31,  ISSj 

Wheat  in  Store,  278,616  bushels l^"'^ 

Nhw  York,  March  16, 1862. 


'latUtitemiaincln 


^   Doc.  136. 


lb.  89.—^  comparative  statement  of  the  o.«o..       j 
frmcuitmsiutie,  in  CanaMfZfht  ^'^**  ^"^  «««         -  -  .-... 
i  .  ''''^'>^'*^5'««^»  1848,  ;849,aW  1850. 


4d5 

revenue  received 


Gross  receipts  of  dudes . . . 
I  Charges  for  coUecypn 


1848. 


«1,336,116 
130,388 


1849. 


$1,778,188 
127,240 


1850. 


82,463,776 
•  138,248 


1,650,948       2,324,628 


•In  tW«  item  Is  incladed  the  sum  of  $9,832  for 


return  duties. 


tf-^'c1Sl:lZl^^^^^^^^^^  ^-iness  ,one  in  Ameri- 

Iterate  statement,  have  been  oChXinTst  '"'' ^''''''  "'  "''""^^ 


Total. 


In  bond,  and    I 
|character  of  ves-l 
ael  not  «tated. 


Totals. 


we£j.........  $697,399  $1,490,223 

'^'^' 26,678  •  '69  972 

93,068 


222,845 


717,045   1,783,040 


130,987 


134,626 


,  $2,087,622 
«3,639  I   100,4^9 


446,960 
2,634,711 


V  J 


•r ^^>r- 


»•  'i 


.^■»\ 


»  "ii 


^  J 


■  v.  r. 


>  ,  r 


^    J 


■   i 


I*  'fl 


^"f-;'  •! 


■  ■<*!♦ 


«  ■  »\ 


This  provi 

abuts  on  the  i 

lately  establii 

bounded  by  t 

a  boundaiy  H 

I  mth  the  cont 

bounded  by  t 

divided  from 

fortyninth  pa 

The  area^l 

millions  of  ac 

1851,  is  a  littl 

The  great  a 

•for  settlement 

The  commissi 

I  the  line  (pr  a  j 

New  Bruns\vi( 

"Of  the  cli; 

I  possible  to  spe 

I  beautifully  w^ 

tbat  there  is  s( 

ningf  brook  up 

n-ashed  by  the 

St.  John  and  i 

«f  this  latter  ri 

OQ  this  continei 

,  "The  lakes 

its  surfoce  is  i 

*jr.  'itisei 

I  covered  with  a 

"The  countr 

I  parts  of  the  inte" 

float  away  eithe 
down  tjj^St  J6i 


m 


i  country  is  , 

"For  any  gr 

nother  Bntish, 

trial  as  New  Bri 

"Ontheaurfi 

the  nuu-kcu  of 


H.   Doc. 


136. 


fi07 


1  - 


t  < 


PART  VI. 


,  .        NEW  BRtNSWICK. 

^^^^^^LS^J^^  Scotia,  .„d 

lately  established  under  the  ASrton  fvlY  l^'f  ^''  "P^"^*^^  ^^^ 
bounded  by  the  Bay  ofTundv  ind  bSo  ^;  7^  '^  southward  It  is 
aboundaif  lv,eacrLthc  Siw  wL^P  u^i^  ^"^^  Scotia  by 
with  the  continent  of  A  nerica  On^r'  ^^^•^^'^""^^^ts  Nova  ScoS 
bounded  by  the  Gulf  of  St  Wenl  Tt^^^ff  New  Brunswick  is 
divided  from  Canada  b  A  linrwS  S  '^?  ^^^  ^^  Chaleur;  it  is 
forty^ninth  parallel  of  north  latitude        ^^"°^^«  /^^  ^^^^  distance  the 

1851,  is  a  little  o^or  on^Cred  a^l  nin^Th  ''^T  ^^^''T  ^^^  y^'^'' 
The  great  a^ncultural  canabilirip?  PT^y^^'^^  thousand,  souls.         , 
■for  sett?emcn?and  cuj  vSn  t  e  onw7  ^T'^^'^'  ""'*^  ««  ^'"^^'^^ 
The  commissioners  appoin  ed  bv  the  ILT  l  ^"^""^'^^  '"^^  '^"°%"- 
^linetprapronosed^JailwayZm  nSlf  frT"™T  ^^'^'^X 
New  Brunswik  In  their  replirf-  —       ^'^  ^"''^'''''  ^'^"^  «P«^  o^ 

4it  ;^U<irttS'v  ''^^^o'  New  Brunswick,  it  is  im-  ' 

«fuUy.4dcd^nd  Scd  An  •'  "'''''•  "^""^""^  '"  ^''"  ^^'-Id  v^« 
that  there  is  scarcely  a  ISSnnf  f    l^P^9«n  «f  the  map  will  show 

-Ibrook  up  to  th^naSe  ITtZ  J?  f  ?^'  f-- ^run-) 
TOshed  by  the  sea-  the  rP.nnjL      ■       V'^*'-tfi"-ds  of  its  boundary  ar^ 

SLJohn  indZ^h^i':S%t"t''r'^  bnhe  large riveJ^-Ae 
of  this  htter  river,  and  Us  brancho?L  ^  ^  ^"'^  ""^"^^«  of  ^enery 
«Q  this  continent.  t>'-'^«ches,  are  irarely  surpas^pd  by  ^ytbing 

valley.  ^It  is  ^^!Sy^Ct'^cc^it fr w  w"'^^  "?•  ^'^  ™*'"'»*^  ««d 
cove..!  with  a  deL  Ib^^rori'telt  ^^'  ^'^^^  "^°^^-' 


"For  a^l^t  „.^~^^^^ 
IrialasNewBriiMS  *^^^^^^^  such  a  favorable  field  for  the 

N«'tfcfT4irdt&i^^  °'  *^  finest  tin^ber.  which  in 


». 


w 


"\ 


'  »>". 


'4. 


i'. 


uT 


f  l" 


,^  f 


I 


,;;#<4 


ij. 


i 


,,,   ♦  ■ 


T<  ■     34 


m-^ 


^ 


M 


H.   Doc.  1^6. 


ever! 


unlTmited  supply  of  fuel  to  the  settler.    If  the  forests  should 
become  exhausted,  there  are  the^al-fields  underneath. 

"The  rivers,  lak^s,  and  seacoast  abound  with  fisli*  Along  the  Bay! 
of  Chaleur  it  is  so  abundant  that  the  land  smells  of  it.  It  is  used  as  J 
manure;  and,  while  the  olfactory  senses  of  the  traveller  are  offended 
by  it  ott  the  land,  he  sees  out  at  sea  immense  shoals  darkening  M 
surface  of  the  water." 

This  description  of  New  Brunswick  is  given  in  an  official  repoi 
presented  by  twp  very  intelligent  officers  ot  the  royal  engineers, 
\v;ere  sent  out  from  England  to  survey  the  proposed  railway  route, 
examine  the  country  through  which  it  would  pass.  They  returned  ti 
England  at  the  close  of 'their  labors,  the  i;e^ults  of  which  were  laii 
before  Parliament. 

The  principal  river  of  New  Brunswick  is  the  St.  John,  which  is  fom 
hundred  and  fifly  miles  in  length  from  its  mouth,  at  the  harbor  of  ^ 
John,  to  its"  sources,  at  the  Metjarmette  portage.  It  is  navigable  ft 
vessels  of  one  hundred  tons,  and  steamers  of  a  large  class,  fornii 
miles  from  the'  sea,  to  Fredericton,  the  seat  of  government.  oAbovi 
Fredericton  small  steamers  ply  to  Woodstock,  sixty  miles  fiu-ther  up  tl 
river ;  and  occasionally  they  make  trips  to  the  entrance  of  the  Tobiqui 
a  farther  distance  of  fifty  miles.  The  Grand  Falls  of  the  St.  John 
two  hundred  and  twenty-five  miles  from  the  sea.  ^Above  these 
the  river  has  been  navigated  by  a  steamer  forty  miles,  to  the  mouth 
the  river  Madawaska,  and  from  that  point  the  river  is  navigable 
boats  and  canoes  almost  to  its  sonrces.  The  Madawaska  river  is  »ki 
navigable  for  small  steamers  thirty  miles,  to  Lake  Temiscouata,asl 
of  water  twenty-seven  tiiiles  long,  from  two  to  six  miles  wide,  aa 

Eeat  depth  throughout.    From  the  upper  part  of  this  lake  to  the  riverS 
awrence,  at  Trois  Pistoles,  is  about  eighteen  miles  only,  and  pro[ 
sitions  have  been  made  for  establishing  a  communication  between 
St.  Lawrence  and  the  St.  John,  either  by  railway  or  canal,  across 
foute. 

In  connexion  with  the  St.  John  is  the  Grand  lake,  the  entrance 
which  is  about  fifty  miles  from  the  sea.    This  lake  is  thirty  miles 
length  and  4roni  three  to  nine  miles  in  width.     Around  the  G 
lake  are  several  workable  seams  of  bituminous  coal,  from  which 
are  raised  for  home  consumption  and  for  exportation. 

The  harbor  of  St.  John  is  spacious,  and  has  suflScient  dej)tli 
water  for  vessels  of  the  largest  class.  The  rise  and  fall  of  tide 
from  twenty-one  to  twenty-five  feet,  and  there  is  a  tide-fall  at  the  hi 
of  the  harbor  which>  effectually  prevents  its  being  ever  frozen  over 
in  the  least  impeded  by  ice  during  winter.  Few  harbors  on  the  nof 
eastern  coast  of  North  America,  if  any,  ar6'so  perfectly  free  fromi 
as  St.  John  harbor.    It  is  in  latitude  46°  16'  north,  longitude  66' 


"westi 


The  Peticodiac  is  a  large  river  flowing  into  the  Bay  of  Fundj[, 
its  northeastern  extremity.    It  is  navigable  for  vessels  of  any  sizefj 
twenty-five  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  for  schooners  of  aixt^roreigh 
tons  for  twelve  miles  farther.    On  the  lower^art  of  this  nveraTO 
Suable  mineral  has  recently  been  discovered,  and  the  .8C«n  u^™* 
worked  to  considerable  extent.    By  some  this  mineral  is  ^" 


V. 


.  .ift^AAafete, 


black 


H.   Doc  136.  ^ 

fjet'cwd,"  and  by  others 'it  U  rnno.M^-  i 

If  great  illuminaunff  powei'     THa  o^o"'^  •  ^^S®  quamitv  of  bum 

m  of  pa,ic«ifarri,j;  ^ItTttizt^r  ^°"  ^^^  «^ 

leb  of  large  class.         ,  ^^S^"^^  for  sea-gowg  ve^ 

On  the  gulf-coast  of  New  BruriswiVt  ^^.« 

U  each  at  tfe^mouth  of  a  coSembl^  "'"  '"^^  ^"^  «%  har- 
fcrs  much  fine  timber  is  shippeTaSi^  "^ '\  ^"^  from  Wse 
J  The  most  southern  of  these  haj-bors  is  S^      *;.ngland. 
Ith  sufficient  depth  of  water  7orTeseh^Z''^^''^K''  ^^P^^ious,  and 

F  Shediac  harbor  is  the  easiest  of  access  Vn^^^*  ^^^^^nce,  says 
lecoast,  and  the  only  harbor  of  New  Brunswivt  ^'?'  ''".  *^"«  P^  of 
li  which  a  vessel  in  distress  could  safelv  Jn  f '  ^^^r^-^  of  Mirami- 
^ns  a  harbor  of  refuge.     Two  ^vefsTu  Tn/"  «\'"7  "°^^^% 

fe-ch  IS  fast  becoming  a  place  of  imp<^rtance  sT  n 'u'"^  ^^^^^ 
te'^^^Z-'^^/^^^if^^-becS?^^^^^^^^^  f"VW  the  proposed 
IShediac,  which  Will  diUs  command  a  Inr!.. !  '  f  ''''"  ^•'"^^'^  the  gulf 
fcpoints  of  the  railWay.  ""  ^^'^^  ^^^^^^  ^^  one  of  the  gfeaj 

ICixj^  harbor  is  ten  miles  hv  tKo  „ 

Fwithin  this  harbor  t^h Lh  is  at tr'"^^'^.'  ^^"^  Shediac  , 
fcname,  there  is  abundance  of   "J^  rr"!?  ^^.  ^^  "^^^  «f  the 
borage  ,n  five  fathoms  water.     TlSf  /°'  ''^Wmg.  and  good 

M  of  late  years,  and  now  veslhT^,  •      l*?"" '^^  F^"ally 
>  over  the  bar.  ^  There  is  mlrXble  3  '^""^u"  ^^«'"  ^^^« 
Ner,  and  vessels  up  to  fifteen  ffli      ™^f'  °"  ^he  banks  of 
NBuctouche.        ^         "'^'^  ''T^^^  tons  burden  have  been 
penty  miles  north  of  Buctouche  i«  7?.v.a  i^       ,    , 
h^e, and  commodious     The  r.W.t'f  ^"Jf '  ^'^^'^  "  *^- 
ipsiieupwards  of  fifteen  miles  fmm?ti    navigable  for  vessels  of 
•we  being  from  four  to  sSfShom^.n  5  ^u'  *,^  ^^^nn^I  for  that 
Invertwentv-fivemUe^  The  sCe^/^T?-  Jhetide  flows^ 

N  Hver  of  ttttme,fe*  I^^rn^S  "^7^^"^  «^  ^ 

■"^b..  At  Its  entrance  iito  thPoIflAT^  hundred  and  twenty  miles 

.    '«abar  at  the  en^ceSt'm^^^^^ 

tgnat.size.  and  pours  S-Lch^  J^f^*'^.' '  but  the  river  is  of 

^^.impedimente  to  na^t£^T°^  ^^*«^'  ^  'hd  bar 

F^^i^^mimeBW  BT^^nfU^^^  sufficient ndepih  of 

Mreven  more.  '"P'  °^  '"^  ^^^^ed  and  seven  hJidr^ 

tJ^t'^bti'^Sset^rtf^       Miramichi  from  the  gnlf. 
K<l«tance,Lre  being  Si  five  to  ^^f.'^r  ^""  '^^  ^ 
f^i  but  schooners  and  fmXrnS  >     '^^^  ^^''^'^^  w'^ter  in  the     " 
"«»«  small  craft  can  proceed  nearly  to  the  ImS 


1  *  ') 


H 


.d*..ff 


f 


'"^.  I 


if 


5  f 

of  the  tide.  Owing  to  the  size  |nd  depth  of  the  Miramichi,  ships  can 
load  along  its  banks  for  milesf  it«  trad^  and  commerce  are  already 
extenaive,  and  wiU  undoubtedly  annuaUy.  increase. 

At  the  northeastern  extremity  of  New  Brunswick,  just  withm  the 
entrance  of  the  Bay  of  Chaleur,  is  the  spacious  harbor  of  Great  Ship. 
r7*>a«,  which  comprises  |bree  large  and  commodious  harbors.  Besides 
its  facilities  for  carrying  on  ship-building  and  the  Umber  trade,  Ship. 
pimn  harbor  offers  great  advantages  for  prosecuting  the  fashenesou 
tlie  largest -scale.  The  general  dryness  ot  the  air  on  this  coast;  and 
the  absetice  of  fog  within  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  arc  peculiarly 
favorable  to  the  drying  and  curing  of  fish,  in  the  best  manner,  for  dis- 
tant  voyages.  ,  Owing  to  the  erection  of  steam  aaw-miUs  at  Great 
Shinpifran,  and  the  extensive  fishery  establishments  set  up  thereby 
Jersey°merchants,  there  is  considerable  foreign  trade.  Tiie  dryfeh 
are  chiefly  shipped  in  bulfc  to  Messina- and  Naples,  for  which  markeu 
they  are  well  suited.  . 

LiuK^Shippigan  harbor  lies  between  the  islands  of  Mesmi  and 
Shippigari.  It  is  an  exceedingly  good  harbor,  being  well  sheltered, 
with  safe  nnchorage  in  deep  water.  The  main  entrance  is  from  the 
Bay  of  Chaleur.  It  is  half  a  mile  in  width,  with  eight  fathoihs  at  low 
water,  which  depth  is  maintained  well,  into  the  harbor.  This  is  not  a 
place  of  any  trade,  but  it  is  greittly  resorted  to  by  American  fishing 
vessels  which  frequent  the  Gulf  lind  the  Bay  of  Chaleur,  as  itafibrdj 
them  perfect  shelter  in  bad  weather.  There  are  great  conveniences  for 
fishin'^  estabUshments  in  this  fine  harbor;  and  i,t  would  afford  greati 
facilities -and  advantages  to  our  fishermen  if  they  were  permitted  toj 
Jand  and  cure  their  fish  upon  its  shores.  ,  .  ,  .    .     ,-        I 

Bathurst  harbor  is  within  the  Bay  of  Chaleur,  which  in  itself  raaybel 
considered  one  immense  haven  ninety  miles  in  length,  and  varying  ipl 
breadth  from  fifteeri  to  thirty  miles.     It  is  remarkable  that  within  th 
whole  length  and  breadth  of  the  Bay  of  Chaleur  there  is  neither  rock, 
reef,  nor  shoal,  and  no  impediment  whatever  to  navigation. 

The  entrance  to  Bathurst  harbor  is  narrow ;  but  within,  it  is  a  beanti 
ful  basin,  three  miles  and  a  half  in  length  and  two  miles  in  breadth 
well  sheltered  from  every  wind.  In  the  principal  channel  there  ij 
.  about  fourteen  feet  at  low  water.  Vessels  drawing  more  than  fburteei' 
feet  usually  take  in  part  of  their  cargoes  outside  the  bar,  where  diefl 
is  a  safe  roadstead,  with  deep  water,  and  good  holding-ground.     ♦ 

No  less  than  four  rivers  fall  into  Bathurst  harbor,-  each  of  which  fa 
.  niahes  touch  good  timber.     Ship-building  is  prosecuted  in  this  hub 
toattne  extent;  and  there  is  a  considerable  export  of  timber  and  dp 
to  England  and  Ireland.  ,     ,   •  ,    r  i    t.       cm 

The  entrance  to  the  Restigouche,  at  the  head  of  the  Bay  ot  tt 
.  is  three  miles  in  width,  with  nine  fathoms  water— a  noble  entrance  i 
a  sOble  river.     The  main  branch  of  the  Restigouche  is;  over 
— ^,^nf^rpf^  milea  in  length.    Its  Indian  name  signifies  "the  river  wh 
divides  like  the  hand,"  in  allusion  to  its  separation  above  the  fade  i 
.  five. principal  streams,  or  branches.    These  drain  at  least  four  thous 
square  miles  of  fertile  country,  abounding  in  timber  and  other  viju 
natural  resources,  the  whole  of  which  must  fi^d  their  way  to  Uie  i 
•  through  the  port  of  Dalhousie,  at  the  entrance  to  the  Resugouchc 


■*. 


\ 


'  ilji^^'^L^JL.  » 


hi  -Jf; 


H*  Mcy^, 


6imi^ 


'4, 


f    '* 


biMgooabolding-ground  for  sbiprrnmW  !|''^  «  ^««  sheltered. 
Uital  wharves  and  excellent  anS  saft.^"\^^^^°'"«  ^"ter.    TherX^ 
Ung  every  convenience  for  load  W  stLs  of  ?[  T^^  ^*  Dalhouslef^ 
r  ^t°"''U°  ^^'"Pbellton  th?S^5  t  ^f^g««t"<^Iass.         * 
feteen  miles.    The  whole  of  this  distal     ^^  .^^^  "^^r  is  about 
tor,  there  being  from  four  to  e  'ht  SZ^  "^1^  ^'^  considered  one 
d.  which  IS  of  ^ood  breadtlM t  c^n  ^^^'^^g^out  in  the  ;nain 
..^luarters  of  a  A  in  wfdth.    A^^v^tW""  V^"  ^'^^^  ''^  S 
A  but  large  vessels  do  not  go  farther  unti!  ^  n""  '^^  ''^^  *^^s  six 
Jle.  country  watered  by  the  Rcsr  „nf  i?  "'"",  Campbelltoii. 
LwhoUvinawildeistafe  S^^^^  its  tranche    is  yet 

IniagjificeiUnver^ust  hereafter  renl^^^^^  ^     C     1  '.  ;  K  >  ^ 

few  Brunswick  of  great  consequence  '^"  ""'^hea.stern  portion  /^  '"^>^ '11  f  '  I     >  I 

K  present  value  of  the  trmln  ^    j 

y-favoredcolony,asyet>,uTvor?t'i-7'""'''^^^of  tl»s  large  ami  ^ 
d  by  the  foIlowiJi  tape     ^"'^^^^^'^ Peopled,  will  be  bSt  esS 

|lSs?r  ;iu53r  ^-^^  -^-^  ^^  ^^^  -^^de  province.  i„  ^849 


Comtriea. 


1849. 


1850. 


^P«rt«-  JJxporte. 


Imp()rt8.  Ejporto 


.S^-   "•""'•^  «2,8I9,070J  ,l,<,88;i9« 

^est  Indies.  J  RRanl 

British  North'  '^^       ^'''360j        ii.ggg 


America 

I  Other  colonies, 
i  States. 
1  States 


517,300 


1,322,810 
114,825 


270,475 

6,260 

S57,910 

96,235 


3,467,836  3,007,310 


674,686 

25,135 

1,310,740 

67,335 


«2,447,755 

90,360 

297,860 

8,105 

387,000 

59,020 


4,077,655  3,290,09ir- 


V. 


'^&iW  'liA 


ii,         '  1 1  -  '! 

^  *^Ti^iini(   r 


^ifefRii,. ■..;:•/■- 


^ftpi^-T-r-r-iji-^r.-^iy.-i; 


r.  ■  jjfojtW'iSL. 


IP,'  ^* 


5ii 


H.   Doc.  186. 


The  following  is  an  aecount  of  the  vessels,  and  their  tonnage,  wlach 
entered  inward  and  cleared  outward  at  all  the  ports  of  New  Bnuu. , 
wick,  in  1849|  and  1850: 


y 


■ 

1849. 

Coontriea. 

Inirard. 

Outward. 

Number. 

Tom. 

Number. 

Tom. 

drfsit  Britain ......•••- 

326. 

1,213 

1,304 

61 

140,024 
81,060 

182,007 
13,106 

769 

1,172 

928 

25 

300,806 

British  Colonies i 

TTnit*»*1    Rtaf  PS ....•• 

68,097 
84,742 

ITrirpi  Dm     StSltPS  ......... 

3,769 

Total      

2,893 

416,187 

■ 

2,891 

i&m 

■- 

1850.                                 1 

Countries. 

Inward. 

Outward.        1 

\ 

Number. 

TODB. 

Number. 

Tom.    1 

\ 

Great  Britain 

British  Colonies 

United  States. ......••• 

233 
1,281 
1,467 

68 

95,393 

81,424 

242,104 

17,701 

768 

1,241 

937 

25 

303,6ll 
70,isi 

87,M 

T^nrpiffn  States ......... 

Total 

3,039 

436,622 

2,971 

— 1 — ; — 

The  number  of  new  ships  built  in  New  Brunswick  during  1849  j 
1860  id  thus  stated: 


In  1849. 
In  1860. 


Veneb. 

114      36,i 

86      30,a 


r  tonnage,  which 
a  of  New  Brun». 


iber. 

Tou. 

769 

,172 

928 

25 

300,806 

68,097 

84,742 

3,769 

,891 

467,4« 

Outward. 

nber. 

Toni.    1 

768 

,241 

937 

25 

303,6ll 
70,1H 

5,971 

^  Dec,  l«6. 

I    The  number  and  tonnaffe  of  v<.a    i 
Bnu«^ck  in  the  same  yeL  2-e  2  folCr^"^  ^^  "^^^^^^^  «  New 


■f**:''l 


■  -T" , 


99,490 

6,282 

16,224 

121,996 


The  foUowiner  tables  nnA  o»o* 

No.  i;  * 

yiAract  of  the  trade  of  the.  wrt  of  Rt     r  i.        ,     ^. 

\tmage  mM,  and  the  Zive  vS^f?L  ''"^'"^  ^J^  .*%'  ^nd 

\HS^ ^' from  goods  of  BritUhlrJ,^^  *'"^'*'  '^"guishing 


Rwnwhatcountriea, 


mm¥v 


It  Britain  and  Ireland 
•iSUUm  ""«••- 

•N.A.C(rfonie« 

iWeit  Indies 

TiWertlndieB..., 
.nEorDpe.... 
»8e»Piieriea..'.'.','." 

Xvtib. 


58^1 

146,095 

45,153 

1.514 

2,906 

6k9ae 


fl,546,aB5        fl26,450 
^f?5L   «7,'350 

20,465 


980,139 J     2.062,250 


389^670 
1(^200 

4,(i$0 


4^-il 


■■"T  •"'  !■« 


't      * 


614 


la.  Doc.   116. 

N9.2. 


Ahttrdct  of  the  trade  of  the  port  of  St.  John,  thhwing  the  shipn  and  t^n. 
nage  cleared  outward,  and  the  relative  veUue  of  the  exjmts,  diHinguithn^ 
foreign  goods  from  goods  of  British  produce  and  manufacture,  during  tk 
year  ending  Vecember  31,  1850. 


To  what  oonntries. 


Great  Britain  and  Ireland  . 

British  N.  A.  Coloniea 

United  States 

Biitiih  Weit  Indiei 

Foreign  West  Indies 

South  America 

Anstralia 

British  Possessions  in  Africa  ■ 


Totals. 


Vessels  outward: 


Number. 


457 

794 

405 

37 

15 

3 

1 

2 


1,714 


Value  of  exports. 


Tons.  British. 


190,215 

40,309 

45,214 

5,141 

2,150 

466 

402 

424 


284,321 


91,547,335 

106,015 

187,355 

54,245 

33,455 

7,190 

3,405 

3,855 


1,944,655 


Foreign. 


f96,055 

37,095 

106,200 

355 


195 
840 


240,740 


Toul 


GiNt  Britain  and 
I  Ualed  States.... 
[KitiiliN.A.  Colo 
J  Britiili  West  Indli 
IHmpWeatlndi 
I  talk  America... 


No.  3. 


JJutract  of  the  trade  of  the  port  of  St.  John,  showing  the  ships  ani\ 
entered  inwSM,  and  the  relative  value  of  the  imports,  diitinguiihwg  M 
eign  goods  jfrom  goods  of  British  produce  and  manufacture,  dumg  r 
year  ending  .December  31,  1861. 


-■■;•# 

|,.  ;■-.,•;  :'■ 

•:f 

j :-':-. -||: 

From  what  countries. 


Vessels  inward. 


Number. 


Qreat  Britain  and  jreland  . . 
British  N.  A.  Cot^mLos. ... . . 

British  West  Indies. Y 

IVndgn  West  In^ea 

United  States 

Foreign  Europe 


Totals. 


143 

737 

8 

23 
6i)5 

11 


1,587 


Tons. 


64,113 

42,048 

1,750 

3,342 

166,953 

4,245 


Value  of  imports. 


British. 


91,855,270 

322,845 

3,705 


282,4^ 


303,925 


2,485,745 


Foreign. 


187,105 
107,485 


105,610 

1,154,880 

26,510 


1,' 


ToM 


11^ 


;A^,..:' 


:';^,;^;, 


the  ships  and  in. 
mts,  dtHinguuhhi, 
ifacture,  during  tit  I 


lort*. 

T»ttL 

"oreign. 

$96,055 

37,095 

106,200 

355 

195" 

840 

• 

<VB 

240,740 

2,lffiifl 

f 

/    - 

-J  * 

,  distinguish  j 
ufacture,  dvrim 


porta. 

•M. 

Foreign. 

f87,105 
107,485 

31 

105,610 

1,154,280 

26,510 

'1 

1,480,990 

m 

■^- 

''  Doc.  lao. 

No.  4. 


Jidrect  of  the  trade  of  the  port  of  ^f    r  i 

I  cUared  onward,  and  the  ^tii  Z}£'onf'^"^  '^  '^^  o.nd  tonna^ 
eign  goods  from  goods  of  British  J^J^  ^  T^'^  distingnishinef^ 
year  ending  December  31,  18^^"^"""  ""'^  manufacturf,  J^^X 


To  what  coontrieg, 


1  GiMt  Britain  and  Ireland  . .  1  dAn 

lUalMlState* ^ 

I  Midi  N.  A.  Coloniei .  eoR 

[Willi Weatlndieg...    ""  ^ 

IHmignWertLidie*...       '"  6? 

jtokAmerica ""[  3 

2 


T^     ,*1,9154J10 
64,344  I  '      148^0 

171,665 
21,350 
63,105 
23,3;» 
4,325 


♦17,080 

164^425 

44,780 

266 

1,040 

3,735 

1,410 

238,675^ 


#1^32,290 

3l!%8a5 

216,3% 

21,615 

54,145 

27,065 

5,735 


t  1 


:•*' 


From  these  retumg,  it  is  apparent  th«t  tK  '  ' 

I  loen 


Total  imports. 
W  exports. 


'««>.  .  ,85,. 

'^I'lf/^f.    M236.765    D, 
■  ^,185,495       2,570,130 


The  following  13  an  account  of  the  t.-mK         ^,     ^*^        384,636  ..m    ;  i 

»n  temtoiy,  and  floated  down  the  riv^^f  ?"^  lumber  cut  on  Amen-  T.  - ,    #1-   •: 

fM^whhthelr  estimated  value:  "^'"' '"  ^.^  years  1850  and         ^T:.    ^  rif  j  > 


Artielea. 


''J  ^^*°tlinfir»  M  feet 

°     "    M.. 

do.. 

,   .••; do.. 

'^"^  timber tons 


Total  value...... 


/ 1 


-^  Lftj:__: 


fe'^W"    *  'At  i. 


'•*v-' 


^m. 


^¥  -'.  ,' 


4      i 


"/ 
{, 


411  ^i 


M6 


U»  Doe*   196. 


ArticleB. 


Qutmtity. 


Boards  and  scantling -• M  feet. .  -  -  - 

Pickets  and  palings i M  pieces. . . 

Laths r. do...... 

Shingles ' '  m"  *  * ' "  : 

Clapboards ^* 

Hackmatack  timber  and  knees tons 

Spars pieces.... 

.Staves ¥/   -   -- 

Fire-wood -co^s 

Lime hhds...... 

Gypsum tons. 

Grindstones pieces 

Ox-horns hhds.  ahd  crates. 

Potatoes bushels. . . . 

Coal - tons.-s.... 

Black  lead-  ..  :t .....  .„ -  c ^t . 

Potash..,,.. barrels.... 

Sheepskins" xg^r^^ 

Railwey  sleepers -  -  -" "*  f^^' 

Pig-iron tons  .... 

-.Oats ., bush^.... 

^  Smoked  herrings. .  ^ boxes 

Mackerel barrels 

Salitton,  preserved packages. . 

Salmon,fre8h •  -  -No 

8ha4 barrels.... 

Aieirives  and  herrings ^  -^^  •  *  *  * ' 


4 


T^ial  value. 


2,997 
331 
1,009 
383 
150 
466 
10 
643 
173 
238 
1,652 
65 
32 
8,900 
.  •  195 
162 
32 
123 
879 
91 
4,800 
1,392 
10 
766 
4,437 
184 
^92 


From  the  foregoing,  it  will  be  ^^en  that  the  export  tf  the  United  ■    The  folfe^ 
States  of  A'merican  timber  and  lumber,  cut  on  the  upner  fet.  Jok,  atfd  ■ '    ^ 
shipped  through  the  port  of  St.  John,  has  very  nearly  doubled  witb  ■Iport  of  S 
the  Et  year,  tnd  is  understood  to  be  annually  mcreasmg.  ■  jdpdon  of  , 

..  The  following  is  an  account  of  the  prmcipal  ^ticles  of  colomal  pro-  ■  t ^ 

auce,  growth  aSd  manufacture,  exported  to  the  Umt^^States  from  J^  ^  

port  of  St.  John,N.  B.,  during  the  year  ended  31st  December,  1851,  ■       f 
with  their  value  :  ilB^-  "*" 

Ale  and  porte 
Bric^...... 

$87,2S.5«Booigandsta 

9 
3,7av^mgttgf  and  ch( 
2,695Ml|„jlla 

^^^Iroora  brush. 

^^^^P<»jpand  cane 
^^KM^  and  coct 

com . . . 

Mvass. 

6,181^ 

'atde. 

321 

^Bement, 

5,3 

J-tHoffr  and  yell 

t^Mr^'' 

1S«?^'' 

WMirthenware...". 

ol'sB!"'?'*"*^  vegeta 
21,S^fc«lfruit3   °  ^ 

18 

•rks .' 

tune. "_ 

^_^  ^ur 

^ eg  the  like  deBcription  of  wtjcles  exwrted  ^m  ^flouf .  ^  ^ 

twrt  of  St.  J^hn  to  the  United  States  in  1|60,  was  •/^/jl^' f^^ 
Tdecrease  of  that  class  of  exportaUons  t^ the  extent  of  $32,616  m^^es. 
year  18^1.  .    .      KX^' 


■I !  iiife^ 


■  ^  •. 


KMt  to  the  United 
per  St.  John,  ani 
\y  doubled  \vitliin 
ising. 

33  of  colonial  pro- 

jd  State.s  from  the 

December,  1851, 


''»*^:-A 


mtity. 

Value. 

5,997 

w,m 

331 

1,655. 

L,009 

1,270 

383 

9«0 

150 

3,750 

466 

2,695 

10 

5« 

G43 

8,035 

173 

238 

1,662 

65 

32 

8,900 

•  195 

162 

32 

123 

379 

91 

4,800 

1,392 

10 

766 

4,437 

184 

^92 


86i 
291 

m 


2,5 

2,4 

1,8 

16,1 

,M 
1,! 


i  exported  from  I 

$  i^;895^;  m 

nt  of  $32,616  ml 


.;e- 


H.  Doc.  130. 


I    Ihe  foBSwing  is  a  statement  '    A     • 

growth,  pn^uce,  or  manufacture  of  th?ji  "^  ^^^  ^^'o«s  articles  th^ 
aeportof  St.  John  during  the  v^ir  iLF"'*?**  States,  Jmported;*. 
^fiiption  of  articles:  ^  ^^  ^^^  1850,  with  the  va^Tfach  d 


Apothecary  ware 

Ashes  

Ale  and  porter 

Biicjts ,  _ 

Books  and  stationery 


i>SSf'--      «wr 


3.148  gallons 

30,000 

1}761 

100 

4 

ifltter  and  cheese  * I    ^  '??^  ^^^ 

■nia '" 233  cwt 

Iroom  brush, .     ■ __    ^^  ^ons. . . 

lark....  ' 53,954  pounds 

and  candles." ." "I   ?J'??^  - •  do 


ffeeaiid 


cocoa. 


com, 


10.060  ..do 

155,050  ..do 

2.321  tons 


Canvass       67,462  bushel 

10,194  yards 


«menl . 


fT  and  yellow  metal 

%-. 

ages _\' 

nfectionary 

lyewood 

enware... 


nteand  vegetables 
fruits 


25  bags 
12  head . . 
2 

615  barrels 
16  packages 
261  cwt..... 
329  packages 

2(\ :_ 

11,  cwt., 
1.243  cwt....'' 
70  packages 
62  ...do!.. 
4.771  ...do... 


rs. .     1»140  cwt 


wks... 

ttture... 

^eat^ur. , 

'flour.... 


engine. 

Ses.. 

I  Ware. 


: 


18  cwt 

1  box....:; 

1.214  packages 
37,082  barrels. 

i^iStnr^.  Uo     "  =  ""-- 


wheat. 


••♦"V*. ',^,' 


;  «06  packages  .  .  .* 

1.109  ...do 

,  2  cases....     *    , 
193,'^23bu8hela..:;;:;L'^ 
1»676  packaffM  •      **l 


MB 


H.  Doc.  18<r^ 

Imports  into  the  port  of  St.  John — Continued. 


Articles. 


Hay 

Hair  , 

Hemp 

Hops 

Hides  -  - 

Iron,  wrought  and  unwrought . 
Iron  castings 


Indigo 

India  rubber  goods 

Jewelry 

Leather 

Lumber 

Lignumvita) 

Lard 

Live  stock 


Matches 

Meal 

Meat,  salted 

Mahogany  and  rosewood. 


Mali.- 

Musical  instruments 

Machinery  (planing,  &c.) 

Molasses 

Mojcdding-sand 

Manure 

Marble 

Nuts 

Minerals  — ...... 

Naval  stores 

Oil,  fish 

Oil,  palm 

Oars 

Plaster 

Oakum 

Oysters 


Qaantity. 


492  tons 

2  bags 

118  bales 

43    .do 

7«    .do 

276  tons 

673  packages,  752 
pieces,    and 

453  cwt 

168  pounds , 

272  packages  .  

24  ..do 

1,128   ,.do 

1,99.5  feet 

65  tons 

8,874  pounds  

1  horse  ;  6  coops 

poultry 

28  cases 

8,118  barrels 

13,551  cwt 

4,912  feet,  56  pieces, 
4  packages . . 
60  packages .  — 


25 

27 


.do , 
.do 


77,629  gallons 
48  tons... 


ramf 

Rice 

Paint  and  putty. . 
Sugar,  refined ..., 
Suffar,  muscovado 
SpuUs. 


76  barrels  . . 

33  tons 

301  packages 
1  package. 
2,260  barrels  .. 
6,215  gallons .  . 

78  cwt 

20  pairs 

240  barrels  . . 

19  tons 

193  barrels  .  . 


-ft"padra^ei= 


209,048  pounds 

108  kegs  &  barrels 

616  cwt 

3,602  cwt 

22,376  gallons  ..••.•■' 


Value. 


S4,857 

30 

2,165 

942 

12,310 

9,651 


7,934 
■  127 
8,287 
2,125  , 
13,236 
155 
1,21S 


170 
24,657 
86,616] 


2,5 


it 


8,0 


/^ 


^\* 


Value. 


$4,857 

30 

2,165 

942 

12,319 

9,651 


■  127 
8,287 
2,125 
13,23(> 
135 
1,2» 


191 

179 

24,657 

SC,616 


1,21J 




2,0ft 



8,2« 

r 

99< 



8ffi 
2,6« 

.. .. 

11 

4,371 

.... 

4,8« 
an 

.... 

i\ 



311 



1,91 

«  ■  •  • 

i« 

•  «  •  • 

"  ** 

8,011 

rrels 

691 

4,3^ 

•  •  •  •  • 

20,31] 

»  •  •  ■  • 

19,4i| 

H.  Doc.  136: 

J^'^ort  into  the  port  of  St.  Jokr,-^^ 


sm 


ontmued. 


Articles, 


■Spices . 
ISirap. 
jStoves . 
■Seeds., 


Jgcythe  and  grain  stones 
IStarch 

iTallow  and  soap-grease 

Tea 


-^M- 


116  packages 
84  gallon^ ...!]" 

7.952  IbV&srpack; 
2  cwt 

47  packages .  .,[ 

19  boxes . 
3,072  cwt 


'obacco..'.".".V.V ^?*^  pounds 

rimber,  locust....  ■."." "^^*  - -^o  . . 

Timber,  pitch-pine  and  oak  ' " "  1  1^77  ^"^'  "  ' 

freenails '  *  •    .^  ^"^ 

{•"Pentine '■■''.'.'::'"     2^^  'Vr'-- 

hmish ''^'^^  gallons  . 

rineear \  A'^^^  --do... 

Vine...  '  15'999  ..do 

aleboneV. 4,380  -..do 

Fooden-ware 


Total  value 


$676 
75 
25 

1,392 

13 

353 

78 
22,470. 
9,558 
68,356 
142 
11,937 
972 
858 
708 
1,575 
2,922 
62 
12,378 


61,  with  their  value :  ^"^  P""^  °^  ^t-  John,  in  the  year 


Artiolea. 


necaries'  ware. , 
1  porter , 


'  and  stationery 
tterand  cheese... 


Quantity. 


3,606  gallons 
1,001  cwt....." 


sBwr 


esandi 
"1  vinegar. 


88  cwt . . 
371  cwt . . . 
-W  tons-;— 


159  cwt 

168  cwt..  , 
1,007  cwt...!!*.".'" 
1,816  tons 

183  bairels  ..'.'..', 

819  Dackacms  ...  J 


Valae. 


$27,025 

705 

6,490 

36,046 

890 

hm 

1,966 


1,^ 

8,0io 

18,7f0 

6,346 

S06 

8|64a 


"W*' 


*.^ 


l:ft. 


J»»por<»  into  «A«  |»rf  of  8t.  JoAnr—Continued. 


Article*. 


V 


A. 


Canriages . . . 

Dye-wood • - 

Earthen  and  glass  \vare . . . 

Fftlit  and  vegetables 

Fvimiture •  -  -  - 

Dried  fruit •'••; 

Wheat  flour '- 

Rye  flour 

^Ulsic^l  instruments  ....  1 

Com-ntteal 

Wheat ■^^^^ 

Com  and^Qtber  graift 

Groceries 

Haberdashery  ..^ 

Hides ". 

Hops 

Hemp 

Hardware 

Wrought  and  cast-iron  wares* . . . 

India  rubber  goods 

Leather  manufactures  and  leather 

Salted  meats 

Molasses 

Marble  and  other  stone 

Cabinet-wocfti,  veneers,  &c 

Naval  stores 

Oysters 

Oil 

Plaster 

Palm  oil 

Rice 

Seeds....' 

Refined,  sugar 

Brown  sugai'  •. 

Spirits 

TaUow 

Tea 


Quantity. 


22 

133  cwt 


1,395  cwt 

68,878  barrels  . . 
2,028  ..do 

13  ....':.'.. 

5,549  barrels  .. 

157,900  bushels:. 

40,246  ..do 


Treenails 

Tobacco. .  -  iy-;-i---^ 
Wood^wares  . . . . , 

Li^umvitsQ 

Wme 

Copper 

Hay 


254  bales 
60   .do.. 
217   .do. 


600  packages 


9,875  cwt . . . 
27,600  gallons 


1,840  barrels 

278  ..do 

12,832  gallons 

•  406  barrels , 

24  cwt 

2,619  cwt 

212  bushels ; 

1,192  cwt 

2,616  cwt 

72,820  gallons  ..  .  ., 

4,182  cwt 

6,269  chests,  84  lbs 

each 

211  M 

3y777  cwt^^..  ..^y^ 


21  tons  ... 
3,169  gallons, 
38  cwt... 
H  tons  .. 


Value. 


Sl,200 

«55 

9,910 

11,590 

6,775 

8,845 

297,820 

6,890 

530 

16,780 

149,325 

34,385 

8,315 

158,395 

26,435' 

2,0 

■8,1 

39,60<  j 

11,045 1 

12,935 ; 

45,( 

81,935 1 

'     6,610 ) 

1,740 1 

4,0 

\   3,5001 

\     *   I 
\  5,610 

\  465 

175 

^,630 
2,905 1 
10,105 
16,010| 
42,0251 
36,0^1 

U3,315| 

2,980l 


13,0 

2,49 
1,29 


n- 


|v. 


Value. 

$1,200 

-  •  -  * 

«55 

9,910 

.  .  .  . 

11,590 

. .. . 

6,775 

*      •      •     K 

8,845 

•       •      •      ■ 

297,820 

.      .     .     . 

6,890 

.      •     .      . 

530 

.      .     .      . 

16,780 

149,325 

.       .      .     . 

34,385 

.      .     .     . 

8,315 

•      *     •      • 

•  158,395 

.... 

26,435 

2,060 

•     *     •     • 

-  8,190 

.     .     .     . 

39,60« 

.      .     .     . 

11,045 

.       •      .     . 

12,935 

.      .      -     . 

45,600 

•       •      ■     • 

81,935 

.     .     ■     • 

^     6,610 

.      .     >     • 

1,740 

.      •     •     > 

.     4,010 

.      .     ■     ■ 

\    3,500 

•      •      •     • 

■'  \     485 

a    .    a    ■ 

\  5,610 

.     •'  ■    * 

\   465 

•     .    ■    ■ 

176 



^,630 

* 

2,905 



10,105 



16,010 

42,025 



36,029 

lbs 

■     ■    ■    • 

113,31« 

2,980 

flQ44S0 

-w-W-^-w 

.  •  •  • 

13,035 

.  «    •  ■ 

.    a   •    ■ 

2,^ 

a    •    •   • 

^^ 

•    »  *   • 

:r:>* 


H.  Doc.  136;  .        5^ 


Pitch-pine  timber 
live  stock 


-••».' 


15  cwt 

4,228  tons . 
,  1  bull.. 


inting'press 

tirMngines^ 

Total  value , 


20,290 

210 

1,375 

1,125 

1,590 

1,422,930 
From  the  two  preceding  tables  it  x^'M  u  T ~ 

K  '''  F"^^  ^^^^^  "^  ™t  7st'r^-^^"^  «^  ™- 

1,120,582;  and  m  1851,  was  $1,422  gVT.    I      ■'  '^''^"  ^"  ^^^O  was 

krjear  of  $302,548.  *^'*-^»930;  showing  au increase  in  the 

[An  examination  of  these  tables  wni  oi        l 

b  and  timber  at  St.  John  from  the  Unted  tZ  '\'  ?"  ^'"P^^^  ^^ 

tel,fer  exceeded  the  value  of  similar  S.^''  ^""^^  '"  ^^SO  and 

ites  Iff  those  years.  "^  "^^^^^  exported  to  the  United 

iThe'quantity  of  coals  of  colonial  r.r^^ 

h  from  St.  John  in  ISSoTaslHlT  "^P?T'^  "^  ^^e  United 

K  Of  coals  imported  from  the  iSt !?  ?"''  "^^'^^  '"^  ^^t  J^i^ 

Me  those  importedN  werl^fhracite  tK^^^  b,tuni,„ous  descrip> 
k  for  steamboats  and  foundries    w',^  T  ""    ^^'^^^^  '"  i^s 
W  they  have  not  yet  been  aSdllouM  h  ^f  ^T^^^^  "^'  to    ' 
Jwere  imported  free  of  duty.    In  issa^i^f  ^^^"^^  ^^'•^^^^d  if 
ptons,  and  the  import  from  the  United  WT'  exported ^imounted 
f  wdl  also  be  observS  that  New  Rrnn      •  ,  ^*^'  *°  ^'^^^  Hi 
h  large  quantities  of  phch-nL    "T'*l^  imports  from  SRjnited 
tkrequestVor  ship  builEa^  d  oS?     °'^"'  ^'^'''  ^hicb  aSIn 
M.228ton8of  pitJh-pineS'r  vll  '  ^'P^'^^'  » In  1851  no  le^ 
Mhn  fmm  th?  UmCd  S^Ses  '  rt  d /'  ^ff''^  ^^«  ^I^rTed 
h  h^ptoiy,  and  black  .wXut  'none  of  'T"!?  ^'''"  Pi^^h-pine,  pak, 
Wk  would  be  great  yincreaS^l^''^  ^'^  ^^""^"^  ^ew 
m  other  descriptions  of  w^  for'^'il^^^^^  ^^^  of  duty;  and 

£n^^?-^'^^^^^^^^^^^  the  United  State.  , 

^g^achothe^^eaih^ 


-.4' ■'■*•'  ■ 


"  »i{''ir' 


!•>•;  till' 


y   . . 


•tpuflCS* 


its  mm  peculiar  advantages  fSV 


Jof  sSntuS'fc*^^^^^  State,  which  en  W 
lifaTa,  T'"u""8«'"'f  tl»»^^lf Ir  92.  »fthe  burden  of 
Jfcffl  8..  M„  direct  to  porS^i^X  Uniti'2^«"^^''f  ""''er  and 


Hv  Doc. 


^,831  tons.'i  The  rei^unmg  6lMbs8el8,l|^'«jfp5s|pS% 
^re  emplotyd  in  voyag^ffltetwelLSt.  Jo^and  th,e  tJnitM'j 
The  numb^  Jind  toiai8p|f»of  neWj,  ships^uUt  and  -fetted 
Ji)  port  of  St,  Jolin  j^  the  y^|^§60  and,l86J.  afe  as  follows 


ix*- 


%^' 


m^j 


[^fwje^ew  ships  built  at  St.  Jofeun(„in  1851,  fourteen,  measBmie 

i0,33^  toiif,  were  for  owners  iii  the  llp^d  Kingdom,  and  twenty-one 

■Jiers,  of  the  burden  of  1 1,398  tons,  ''^fl|re  sold  ana  transferred  tootlier 

^  irt?  during  the  yean     This  amount^io  21,73(6  tons  of  shipping  es- 

Sorteid  from  St.  John  during  the.  past  yeaf|estimated  at  $800,000, 
p^s  hot  appear  in  the  export  returns..     ' ;         / 

A  great  imp'rovementjin  the  model,  aip^  finish  of  New  Brunswidj 
built  ships  has  taken  pl^e  within  a  few  years,  and  their  value  kj; 
thereby  Tbee^  greatly  augmented  in  the  Ena^sh  markets  Larch  tit 
better  kniowp  by  its  local  names  of  hackmatae  or  tamarack,  is  now| 
xhtefly  used  in  the  construytioh  of  the  New/Bruq^wick  ships;  andihij 
wood  has  been  so  greatly  approved,  that/ in  1860  the  committee  ol 
undierwriters  fet  Lloyd's  decideovto  admit  hackmatae  vessels  to  tbei 
red  'star  cla§S  for  six  years.  This  war  the  same  committee  has  ft 
resolved  to  admit  tlicse  vessels  to  we  seven-years  class.  The  resell 
tion  runs  ttius :  "  ■    / 

"Hackmatae,  tamarack,  junijper,  andlardh,  of  good  quality,  free&oi 
sap,  and  not  grain-cut,  will  be  allowea  in  the  construction  of  ships 
the  seyen-years  class,  for  the  fojllowihg  parts:  Floors;  first,  secoi 
and  third  foot-hooks  and  top  timbers:  stem  and  stern  post;  tram 
knight-heads,  hawse-timbers,  apron,  and  dead-wood." 

The  number  of  vessels  "belonging  lo  the  port  of  St.  John  on  the  31i 


day  of  December,  1860,  was  636,  oi 
the  31st  day  of  Decethber,  1861,  the 
of  94,810  tons;  the  decrease  is  ai 
bemc^ld  during  1861. 

^^^nK>pulation  of  St.  Jphn  h 
QP,)M||^e  to  population  is  unus 

;■■■•    / 


•den  of  99,490  tons: 

was  6lS»oftl]eburda 
a  number  of  old  vess( 


6,000  souls,  the  proportioi 


iidiliWett  Indies.. 


H,  0bc.    180.    ^ 


6^» 


giaaoimt  of  the  numhert  tonnaee    ml  ''  ' 

_ "'*'*  *^*  out-batji  m  1850. 


'■l/< 


The  total  amount  of  shipping  owned  at  the  port  of  Miramichl  on 
the  31st  day  of  December,  1851,  was  93  vessels— 7,466  tons.  During 
1851,  the  number  of  new  vessels  built  on  the  gulf  coast  of  NewBruns. 
'wick  was  twenty-one,  measuring  ll,87£i  tons;  of  these  four  were  over 
1,000  "tons  each,  ^nd  five  were  over  700  tons  each. 

The  vessels  v^piich  entered  inward  and  cleatid  outward  atMira- 
michi  during  the  years  1860  and  1851,  were  as  follows: 


CountrfeB. 


I 

<5reatBritain 

British  Colonies 

United  States 

Foreign  States 

Total 


Countries. 


Oreat Britain. . . 
British  Colonies. 
United  States  . . 
Foreign  States.. 


Total,. 


1850. 


Inward. 


Number. 


42 

118 

29 

13 


202 


Tone. 


16,438 

10,695 

7,512 

3,088 


37,733 


Outward. 


Number. 


95 

92 

3 


196 


Tom. 


3431 

4,6851 

ml 
jofi 


40,3]]  I 


1851. 


Inward. 


Number. 


48 

124 

38 

9 


219 


Tom. 


19,017 

10,305 

9,152 

1,612 


39,986 

— * 


Ontward. 


Number. 


104 

100 

6 

6 


216 


Toil. 


4-3,2^ 


The  total  value  of  imports  and  exports  at  Miramichi  in  1851  i3j| 
stated:  Imports,  $347,990;  exports,  $411,700. 
•  Of  the  imports  at  Miramichi  in  1851,  goods  and  merchandise  fro 
the  United  States,*  of  similar  descriptions  to  those  importecl  atSt-Johi 
^^er&  received  to  the  extent  9$  $47,435. ,  i .. 


t  of  Miramiclii  oo 
166  tons.    During  i 
ast  of  NewBruns, 
jse  four  Were  over  I 

outward  atMira-l 

ws: 


850. 

Outward. 

Number, 

Tom. 

34,SS6 

4,88S 

m 
Mi 

95 

92 

3 

.0- 

196 

40,377 

1 

Ontwui     1 

Number. 

Tom 

104 

100 

6 

6 

39,U( 

■5,58 

30 

231 

216 

45,25 

chiin  1851  is  J 

merchandise  fro 
ported  at  St.  Johi 


H«  i>oc.   136. 

T1« experts  to  the  United  Staies  in  1851  were  as  Mows: 


Articles. 


[Alewives '... 

Igalmon 

IShad >.. 

fferrings..., 

tfackerel  

Preserved  salmon . . 


Qoa(j«tjr. 


Ij337  barrels 
458      do. 

2  do. 

3  clo. 
55      do. 

2       do. 
73,736  pounds 
77,000 


'  Vahie. 


''^  J 


S4,160 

5,715 

10 

15^ 

165 

15 

13,050 

135 


1    ^*   I     '      I 

*    h    '1    .-I 


< 


Iritish  navigation  lawsT 

the  Umted  Kingdom  in  1851  t£  ?•  ^^  °^  P'°*'  '•'"ber  exported 
follows:  Inward,  1^8  vess^ls'^-Ji^^^^^^^^^  '"'""'^  ^^  *his  pon  Zc 
,666  tons.  esseis— 21,774  tons;  outward,  102  veVsels— 

fioM^'"'S— '^^^"^°^^"^P«rtsinl851wa.$77  8'5n.    r 

'^'"^'    Shippmg,  inward,  89  vessels--14  Ofif/       '  ""^  ^-^Po«s,» 

isels--15,991  tons.  *«»'seis--i4,065  tons;  outward,  79^ 

AtiUchibucto  the  value  of 


4 


I 

t 

,     *    ni 

-  i.  \- 

' 

[1  > 

£{< 

*^f 

R 

\ 

v'jt 

' 

„^iii 

'-  '^:'-''  :■: 


The  trade 
I  summed  up: 

{Imports  at  S 
I  Imports  at  pc 
llmportsai  Si 

Total  im 
Total  im 

Increase 

ortsfrom- 
orts  froB  J 
ipoits  froiri  g 

Total  exp 
Total  exp( 

Increase  in 


Ships  and 


[Vessels — 

(lerfiotonsi. 

wveSOtons... 


Total.,.. 


H.  Doc.  136. 


The  trade  ofthe  colony  of  Nawu  i*t  ^^ 

Ummedup:  ^  ^""'^^^^^^or  the  year  1851  is  thug 

Imports  at  St  John.. 

fcnlff'^i  °"theGu"]f::::::: '■-...  $3,749,685 

I  Imports  ai  St.  Andre  W8......_     877  865 

^     Totalu„portsinl85l'    ^  ^^Wo 

Totaiimports  in  1850.. '*.*;;; "' 4,862^ 

* * -'    4,077,666 


*<.,/ 


I.J  •  •    •    •' 


Increase  in  1851., 

lorts from. St.  John...... 

jorts  from  ports  on  the  Gulf" " " " '  • 

lorts  from  St.  Andrews .' : ' '  • ' ' 


774,775 


•-..  $2,055,130 

'•••     1.454,975 
270,000 


Total  export^  in  1851  "  '"-  '  ^^  -    -  ^M|tw.  ;.ifc 

Totaiexportft  in  I860.::: ::::--' >■■—  3,730,105     /-  '^illlaf 

l«c«««,;ni«.r  I     -J       -•::-••'--.....     3,290,090.  --.,:     SfffTi'" 


Increase  in  1851 


i 

Itein. 


588  H.  Dms.  1M$*  / 

Number  (f  iww  vei$fls  buUt  in  New  Bnmiwick  in  1851. 


Number. 

Tm,. 



60 

21 

6 

2S,62S 

5,603 

IM 

87 

34,3S 

8t.  John  . . . . 
Miramichi. . . 
St.  Andrews. 


An  average  of  nearly  400  tons  to  each  vessel. 
The  value  of  imports  into  the  port  of  St.  John  and  its  outbajsfJ 
the  United  States  in*  1861  was  $1,530,900,  being  an  increase  on  i 

K receding  year  of  $366,000.     Fully  one-third  of  all  the  imports 
few  Brunswick  are  drawn  from  the  'United  States,  and  the  ?>"" 
would  be  greatly  increased  under  more  liberal  arrangements. 

Fisfieries  of  New  BrunnuicJc  in  the  Bay  of  Fundy. 

The  following  statement  of  the  extent  and  value  of  the  New  Bn 
wick  fisheries  in  the  Bay  of  Femdy  is  from  an  official  document,  coi 
piled  with  great  ca;re,  in  1860,  by  a  gentleman  who,  in  that  year, 
appointed  to  visit  andji  inspect  the  various  fishing  stations  and  es 
lishments  in  the  bay :  J 

Grand  Manan. — At  this  island  there  are  twenty-four  fishing  vessd 
with  two  hundred  and  ninety-one  men;  and  mnety-four  boats, r 
two  hundred  and  eighty-two  inen.    The  precise  quantities  of  cod, 
lack,  hake,  haddock,  and  herrings  are  not  stated,  but  the  total  r  " 
estimated  at  $37,600. 

Campo  Bello. — At  this  island  there  are  eleven  fishing  vessels, withJ 
two  men ;  fifty  boats,  with  one  hundred  men ;  and  tweniy-one  wein,! 
tended  by  one  hundred  men.  The  catch  of  all  these  in  1850  is  r 
slated:  6,340  quintals  of  pollock,  1,760  quintals  of  cod,  5,100 1 
of  herrings,  480  barrels  of  mackerel,  160  barrels  of  pickled  haddock! 
cod,  120  barrels  of  oil,  and  40,000  boxes  of  smoked  herrings.  T| 
value,  $40,940.  ■•      \    ^ 

fVett  Isles. — At  this  group' t)T  islarids  (m  the  immediat^  vie 
the » boundary,  near  Eastport)  there  are  twenty-seven  fishing  y« 
with  one  hundred  and  fifty-six  men;  two  hundred  heats,  witf 
hundred  men;  and  seven  weirs,  attended  by  thirty-five  men. 
catch  of  these  in  1860  is  thus  stated:  20,800  quintals  of  pollodi 
hake,  3,760  quintals  of  cod,  3,600  barrels  of  herrings,  800  band 
"picktedt^  and4mddtKik/ 460  bmielyof  oil,  and  5,000  boxMflfi 

herrings.    Total  value,  $51,060. 

Harbor  of  St.  John. — In  this  harbor  there  are  about  two  hu 
boats  and  five  hundred  men  employed  in  the  fisheries.   The  ( 
I860  is  thug  stat^:'  40,000  sflmon,  (exported  to  Boston,  &e.i 


/ 


iw 


tvick  in  1861. 


i 

Number. 

Tom. 

60 

21 

6 

2S,6 
1( 

87 

34,35 

I  and  its  outbays  froj 
ng  an  increase  on  i 
)f  all  the  imports  in 
states,  and  the ; 
jrangemenls. 

\)  of  Fundy. 

lue  of  the  New  Bn 
ifficial  document,  coi 
who,  in  that  year,! 
ing  stations  andesK^ 

t^-four  fishing  vesst 
iinety-four  boats,  i 
;  quantities  of  cod,} 
d,  but  the  total  ( 

shing  vessels,  withfi 
,d  twenty-one  wein,J 

II  these  in  1850  is  1 
s  of  cod,  6,100 1 
of  pickled  haddocki 
loked  herrings.  Tl 

3  immediate  vicinilj 
^-seven  fishing  ye 
indred  boats,  witl] 
'  thirty-five  men. 
juintals  of  pollockl 
herrings,  800  ba 


ire  about  two  hu 
fisheries.    The  ( 
to  Boston,  &&,  I 


lM^^lay,^l^  th.        ;  ""'"  """''  "^"^^  ""^  '^^'     Total 
wwaasGurabeVd V'^  "orihoas.ern  arm  of  ,h     n 
m  with  five  h^Zai;}^^''  ""''  '^'o  hun<Ired  and^r^"*^  *'«"dj, 
M:  4,100  barrels  of  shad     V?  '''"'     Tet^t  ^T"  ^'^i^g 
At  various  smaller  sLS  Jf^^-'  $^4,000      "'"^  "^  ^^50  is  thuf 
ilmon,  hernngs,  cod,  pollock  T  l^^  ^""^  ^^'ore  tho  fia     ?     .  - 
^dat  the  value  of ^So ^^'^^'  ""'^ ^^ Wk T  Wetl'  ^,^> 
Irtal  value  of  iVevirn,,,       .,'  .    '  ">  ^850,  es- 

I  TAe/ree  navigation  of  th     \  " " ' " •  -      «2G3,5oo 

Ne  extent  and  navigable  ch  '"''  ^^'^  •^''^«- 

Hy  noticed.  ^"^^"^  character  of  the  river  S^    T  u    . 

From  its  mouth,  at  the  harbor  nr«     r  '''•  "^^^^  ^^^ve  been 

Irmtkeseatethe  Grand  P,il.  '  "  '°'>'- h^dred  and 

"  •Irifces  (he  river %,   T  i"'"  "'onomem  ai  ,J^L     ""'"'  "'"ve  the 
«  a«l  New  bCsw^/?''?'-  ^om  Ihence  the  t  '""J"^  "f  ">«  St! 

h  "d  fc  left  bTta  ^v  "^  "^  «'•  Johrt  i^t^r*^-"™  "■««» 

P  wiisand  tbrp«>  K.,  j     /  *"^  '^^^  ha«  bepn  «o»'  °*"««  Par- 


g^^  wate.^  by  the  S.   T  K  "     '"'^'^'^''^  ^ 


530 


n^T^.  136. 


v  ■ 


T'. 

'-*■ 

-^ 

■             ■  * 

f  ''j^f^v^HII 

-li 

•i|ul| 

4 

■'' ',     1 

1 

;i 

-'  *■'  'i 

■ 

■* 

?    i ';      ' 

1 

ii' 


Aftpr  the  settlement  of  the  boundary,  by  the  treaty  of  :Wa8hington,  in 
1»tf  i  was  dSd  in  nearly  equal  proportions  between  the  Statesrf 
1842,  It  ^,^^  "''''"  .„•„„„    each  of  which  bus  since  sold  a  number  of  j 

"'^rt  wtafeof  Siillimbor  and  lumber  cu,  «W„  .Us  dMc,  H| 
ine  wnoieoiuii-  .,,,„„.:  tv  which    s  floated  down  the  Penob- 

,     the  exception  ot  a  «"^^  /l^l^"'^',^  Jgt  John.     On  being  shipped  fro  J 
scott)  finds  Its  way   «  *^  ^^^^^^^^^^^^  auty,  since  th*.  1st  M-iy,  md 

:Sr h^  wL^-i-  -  ^^ SIcu Jfeet  of  ^e  p JaJ 
at  the  louovviuo  I  j        .        jv^m.^  timber,  htleen cents; 

masts  or  sbars^  and  the  sum  of  twenty  cent?  on  o*eiy  thoasand  #,.[ 
S  feet  o^f  saw-logs,  sawed  lumbej:,  or  scanthng.  ^  o^:  ,       | 

•  Tbs  export  dut^i^  paid  by  all  timber  and  lum|)Cr  ahkfe  in   ew 
B:^;Sr.nd/  ev^part  of  ^^^^^^J^^:^ 

'  r^Xurw;:^k    andt^^^^^  pass^uyl.  l 

Si  timber  and  lumber  cut  by  American  cit.zens,  Wjthin  ih^^hH 

laciurea,  t,iu^  j  tributaries— of  which  tact  reason 

by  the  nver  ^ft-  John,  or  '^y ^^«  ^^j^^^^^^h^u  have  free  OTi 
rdlLVA  sa^^^^^^^^^^^^  amfS  said  tributaries  haiingtyrs^ 
^TiSia  theCe  ^f  Maine.  \o  and  1-- the  seaport  ^^^^^^^^ 
■  feaid  river  St.  John,  and  to  and  round  the  fidls  ^  said  riv«-,  eitherl 
^aJ  rafts  or  other  conveyance;"  -Ouit  when  mlhm  (^ promceii 
"ST^^he^aid  prod  J  shall  be  M^i  u:Uk  a.  ,/  rt  u.re  the  r^ 

""  Th^^foil  of  the  Crown  to  assent'to  tbe^olonial  aqt  was^^^^^^ 

•  the  priSS  that  neither  the  legislatufic  of  New  Brunswick 

■  ^nced^dSaTstinctio^ 
^bd  out^  as  to  operate  Ver>^  J^vantageou.  y  upop  A 
A  n^^  ll-lti,h  covernmASfcsuch  case  might  mmU 

rchTmbJand^oStSrlW^  ^^^^^'.^^ 

BUJohtwere  subject  to  forei^Vx  «"  "T"SeltaJ 


^"£ Ais  construction  of'tiie  principle  of  the  treaty^^^c M 
of  New  Brunswick  passed  a  seoond  act  rendering  all  timber  aMj 
^>,Ted  from  the%vince  alike  subject  to  the  export^.^ 
act  has  been  in  operation  since  May  1,  1844.  ^-^i 

<     9^"  -a, 


fA'-" 


•aty  of  ^Washington,  in  , 

between  the  States  ef 

■""«  sold  a  number  of 


Xk 


^'   Doc.  136. 


ince  soiu  u.  uumuer  ot 

1  Permits  for  the  like 

v.* 


Iiin  this  district  (\vitb 
ted  down  the  Penob-j 
On  being  shipped  from  J 
ice  thf»  1st  IShiy,  1844,  j 

of  white  pine  titfiber, 
e  tiniber,  fifleen'cents; 
tac,  h«|^d-wo<Kl  tinikr,; 
1  c*ery  thbusu'"'  ^"<^-> 
ng.  '^o. 

lumijcr  ahkfc  in  Nc 
3.  It  was  imposed  L 
cbllt^ctin^'stUBlp«|e  id 
St  passed  in  tliat  coIom 
IP,  within  lhg4i|p«31 
5t.  John,  was  expres 
inioii'''or  the&Jv,oflii( 
jceive  the  royal  m' 
as  contrarytfijtlljEilt 


-W.ons  white-pin!^i.. ^^^°^  ^^--^of 


10,000  ton« 'hacknSc    wf'u''  "'  ^«  P^^  ton  f 

,im  inis  a..uii;i  ^mtti  KOOO.OOO  white-pine  W,     f  £'''''  '"^^  «7  Per  ton «600,000 

ted  down  the  Peno^  KoOfl.OOO  r-uce^%sT«?  ^^^^H"'  »J^«u«an,   "  ' - 

r..  l,«,n„  «l,.nn.,.  r.„  ^j^oOO.OOO  pfrie  board'  ^    . t^'  *'^«"«and  .      

i,000,OOO  cedai'.and  pinp  1  •     f '^''  ^^^""sanfl 


70,000 
300,000 

100,000 
750,000  , 
45,000 
80,000 


loniid  aQtwasI--... 
New  Brunswick  i 

to  make  8 


tnportation  Iv^  ^^ 
egi  .adnuttgd  at^^ 

'  ■'   -  J 

the  treaty,  tklem 

•ring  all  timber  and  ll 
the  export  duty;  i 


Jprice^areadvanciW  tho  vnJ        .      •__^.945;000 

Pject  to  export  duty  if  1-  ^"f ''^  t'own  the  S     T  ,""  ^"'"^^^  cut 
Ka.toulatifnwoujJ;^;hpped  fi-on,  th,,,^,f  :,;l^';^'.«houId  ^ 

ps^ms  they J,oi-  comr^H^     ""^^^^^^^^  oi  AW  Rr?     '^^'^^«  «^r 
ifhe-lifflits  of  the  fJnifT2  ^^^  ®t-  John  mi  .?     "^  ^^'^  whoJe 

S'fl'«^"^^f  sixt^S^::  1^1^^^^  for  sman  -1^^   , 


•■'■  'iff  T-  i'T'* 


f^^H.  ..ir  -deed  -.Vi«„.aitr «be_5 


..Ai 


1-* 


fl*>*l> 


bf'" 


*  » 


69^ 


H.   Doc.  136; 


In  taking  the  census  of  1861  it  was  found  that  there  are  ,n  New 
Brunswick,  upon  streams  flowing  into  the'St.  John,  218  saw-miUs  and 
147  grist-miUs.  The  tributaries  of  the  iSt  John  af!ord  an  amount  of 
water-power  which  is  incalculable  ;  a  very  small  portion  only  hasyel 

^TliHoS' bordering  on  the  St.  John  is  well  adapted  for  setde- 
Vent  and  cultivation  ;  the  soil  is  excellent,  and  produces  large  crops. 
As  vet,  it  is  verj'  thinly  populated ;  still  it  was  lound,  by  the  recent 
census  that  in  the  counties  bordering  on  the  St.  John  the  followingl 
«iiantities  of  cattle  were  owned,  and  crops  raised,  m  IboO :  I 

^Cattk,  89,657  head;  sheep,  9G,7G0;  swine,  23,391;  hay,  mml 
tons;    oats,  840,445  bushels;    oota.oes,   1,U^K)  883  bushels;  ^vhea 
(above  Fredencton,)  42,500  bushels;  butter.  763,334  cwt. ;  ami 

pie  sugar,  124,u00  pounds.  ,  .  v    u        i     •       n  ,i. 

Tfie  larch  or  hackmalac  timber,  which  abounds  m  all  the  tcmtorj 
watered  by  the  St.  John  and  its  tributaries,  is  highly  prized  lorsta 
building,,  and  is  greatly  sought  after  by  American  ship-builders.  N-J 
built  of  this  wood  are  rated  as  .first-class  lor  seven  years,  while 
built  of  spruce  and  pine  only  stand  in  that  rank  lour  years. 

So  much  of  tills  wood -was  carried  out  of  New  Brunswick. 
Maine  and  Massitt;husetts  in  1850  for  ship-building  purposes,  tliatt 
Wislature  of  New  Brunswick  became  tdarmed,  lest  the  slup-yards 
thlt  colony  should  taU  shbrt  of  a  supply  ;^md  a  special  eicportdd 
was  therefore  imposed  cm  knees,  foot-hooks,  and  flo*jr  timbers,  wki 
sent  out  of  the  countrv.     This  act  has  been  suspended  in  its  oper?- 
durin.^  the  present  year ;  but  tlie  very  fact  that  such  a  duty  liasi 
been  imposed,  and  that  it  maybe  demanded  in  luiother  schsoiJ 
another  and  powerful  reason  for  an  amicabc  and  equitable  amml 
ment  which  will  open  the  navigation  of  the  St.  John,  to  citizeusj 
the  United  States,  and  ndlcve  them  from  the  payment  ot  .all,  or  jJ 
export  duties  upon  their  products,  whether  ot  thg  forest,  ol  mmev 
aiirieulture,  in  their  transit  to  the  sea.       -     ,    . 

As  viduable  interests  arise,  and  border  relations  become  raore^ 
plicated,  this  question  will  yearly  become  more  diffacult  ol  arr4 
ment.  The  magnitude  of  lumbering  operations  upon  the  waters  oJ 
St.  John,  and  the  expense  at  which  those  operations  are  cunduetefl 
the  enterposing  and  industrious  citizens  of  Mlune,  as  also  the  mia 
of  a  Iwge  body  of  Airfbrican  citizens,  who,  in  constantly  mcreij 
numbers;  are  forming  new  settlements  on  the  affluents  of  the  bt.Ji 
and  conducting  agricultural  operations  upon  a  large  scale,  dtmar" 
fostering  caie  and  watchful  protection  ot  government. 


tv^^ 


.  W.   Doc.  ise 

Y^'^'ftl'^^arly  history  and  of  th.  '  ^^ 

eU  adapted  for  setd.g  Nova  Seotia  is  o^e  of  th     M  '     """"^'^- J-<^-o.^,  ^!  g?^^ 

,t.  Jdm  the  foUow^BJ.,^  these  shores!     Sr'^'i"^-^ --"1"^^"^^^ 

nment8,andhencefIidnotS.        '^'  ^"wevcr,  no  n.        °P^^"«  that 
pe  French  navi  Jo^s     h^  'T""''^'  '^^  ci^liZl'fT'''  «««]e- 

E&ation  of  this  coS  nm  rT'T"'^^'  then,  c  d  tr,  ^^^^"^"rous 
«^ofthe  great  nShern':?''  '^''^  ">ark.s  th^v  Iw  •'' 'r^^^«  the 
itantinevlryport^n    "r^"^^^«^'tern  regions  of  S^^?.^"  ^"  the  wilder- 

krsoftlieHjiXvM?  ^    '''^  ^'''^'^■^  o^' AnTerir.         "i^-'^  "f  the  St. 
!^fofMexi-co!'Sv^,,t^^^'^«'PPi.  ';om  the  S^> |"^^ -I[ -long  the 

Kvages  of  this  conSm  •  T  "^^'"^'"'^  ^^^^  French  n^^^'''''^^^  *"  ^^e 
ketsand  bayonets  .vn^Vi  ^''''  ''""^^^  o<"the  £2,^^^^  conquered  ^ 

hedoriest,Cd:   ,";^'it^-^«r'"^'«^^^^^ 

finpsof'thered  men  nf,hr''P'''^^'^^^  zeal  nrSjKf.f ''^"tand 

«tious  savage,  t  ^r^'  '''"^  °^'»'-  PrS't^i^^^^'y  '"^o  ;he 
^Catholic  ehnrch^Lfere:  ^'^^  4'ay  0?^^-^? 


►  superstitious  savage    Z  n         ""^  °^'»''«  PrS  and  n    '^  '"'°  ^^« 
|cathoiicehu.^.L^:-  K^^ff^^^Sf 

Nome  by  the  r>nm.       .    ,  ''^'^  ^.^  Phdtfrcn  of  the 


^«^«rtothesettl.^  .  """"  ^<^ad»«-novv  JVova 


A  lonro 

rn'-y  which  it?J     «™'>ngthe  crown  iewpir    r  t^^''^'^^*     This 


■* 


'■■■•"■>■■■-»■  ■-!!fjiv4-'   T      ''■ 


,» »i. 


634 


H.   Doc.  136. 


J  »ff  •  TVotJvP  Conner  was  also  discovered  along  the  shon 
shire,  and  Maine.  N?ti^«/;7Pf'Jg^i„  ^he  trap  breccia  of  the  Nort 
of  Cape  D'Or,  ^"d/"  °^^,^^fc 

mountain  range ;  ^^^  J\"^^^,„eath  the  waters  which  bathe  ihe'fo 
brilUant  metalhc  copper  ^een  bcneain  i^ ^ 

of  that  Forv^'^^^y  ™  ;";f;\Te\er^^  thlir  explored 

The  ear  y  J/^"^^  .^J^J'^^,^^^^^^^^  they  manifested  more  skill  a, 
the  mmeral  wealth  «' J^^.  "^^J'^^gtimate  of  their  value,  than  is  to  L 
^^n^r:^^^i^^^-^  ^'  uninhabited  rcio. 

^^^&je  occ^K^^^  ^Sr -Sid 

how  much  the  IVenc^J-u^^^^^^ 

treasures  of  the  shores  ot  trie  gre  own  people  knew  i| 

?8^i3n'mu:tr:em^^^^^^^^^         ^^^^  ^;i  -) 

Sence  it  is  no  ^^^'^^^^'^^^^^^  of  the  various  countries  wt3 

'    correct  know  edge  ot  t*'f^  "^,^"1^  " \ij//ti,ey  should  have  roco>(l«l1 

they  e-P})«"^J; ,  I\'47Se  aS  mmsmitfed  .n  accbunttf  tfiJ 

discoveries  which  th^Y  ^aat,  ana  ^.ountrymen  t^  flock  toi 

-     France,  in  order  to  induce  ™°  «  ^^Xw  ^is  to  ransack  the  a  J 

shores  of  the  New  World,    f  "^^"^^  J^^^  Xt  ^e  should  be  able  J 

of  the  Jesuit  colleges,  .^^^    j  ^f"  ^^^^  l^^ealth  of  Nova  Scotia  and  of » 
cover  i-opords  concermng  t  e  »^^  ^^^^^^^^  ^^^.^.^^^g  . 

Brunswick,  sift-h  as  we  t^"^^^^X  ^"^^3  ^f  Oiat  wonderful  regkl 
rior  while  t)repar.ng  a  r^X^^^^^^^'^^^eems  to  be  thq  duty  ofle  J 
torian  of  raineralogical  science  to  ^ancn  •  j.  ^i^^y^tJ 

exploreii^  the  country,  as  much  f^/^^^  to  t  c  origin  of  facd 
civ'il  and  polit  cal  --"^^^"^  ^^  ^^4^.    U^^^ 

•  '"'N"vaSotla  is  a  mo.,  remarkable  r?"-'"™'';;.^^";"?!^! 
LBWrcnee  river,  and  its  opposing  uilaj^wave.  . . 


-    odsi  andcS«aininginnu.nerable.ffl.K.s  of  8»"1  J^CH 


coal  beds; 


SineTLoIiy^^labu^M  upon  the  seoco^t.atth^iW 


*.». 


'W 


■k'- 


'A. 


H,  Doc.  130. 


V 


fginally  perpendicular  to  the  horizon  S  uf  ^^/^"^  ^h^t  they  w6re  ori! 
htmtrfied  rocks  from  their  prigiiS;^^^^^^^ 
d^ees  fr;om  the  vertical  line.        ^  "'"'«"' /o  an  angle  of  about  fifteen 

Beneath  the -great  masses  of  coal- formed  from  tl 
Ibm,  we  find  a  thm,  4,ed  of  blacfc  shal^S   .  ^  ?^  ^*^"V«  «f  -S^^i^-  ' 

Je  genus  /Vem«««..^  fresh-water  sheU     wll''"'?  '''""^'  ^««embfiri§        ' 
[detemined  ,and  described,  living  heel  mlf U  '^  ^^ll,""^  *^^^"  ^"^7 

nus  Jfj,fe/«^     Above  Uis,  the  rocks  nS^  ?^^^l^en  prombly  fo^  the  ge- 

4^a.«  and  of  liumerous  speS  S  r  T'^  ^'^""^'^"^  ^^-"'^  of 
|of%peIlent  bitujninous  coal  are  seen  pi.  •"'"''''•  ^l^^-'-nate  beds 
L  the  British  North  American  mS/cS"^^  shore!  .      ■ '-• 

lee  is  now  working,  extensive  mines  if  on^  fli  ^?^^»dy  opened  ; 

Icoal  IS  i)ecuharly  fitted  for  Yorsc^  ZlVT    ,    ■■'?  ^"'^^  '^^^s.  -  This  * 
to,  both  ofNew  BrunsSand  oAS''  "^^^  'T^"^^^  ^^^  the  "  . 

I  A  Tisit  to'thesc' mines  will  Wf^U  V  \ 

Jsee  tht^elics  of  the  ^primeval  tJe'^Xl  irh'r'"7"^^  ^'^^^^^  to  f 

Ikve  sf^en^  hours  beh4h  the  p,^^XouTn^^^  We    ^      N 

ibe  massive  difT.,  and,  have  heS 'Sth  ^t         "-\'  f '"^'^  ^«^™       '      ' 
If  trees,  mo^Uy  of  tht,  %z7/a^riror  ^^      ""t"?'  '^^  J^"g«^trynks 
Iverour  heads-one,  rortylbetTn/^nrT  A-^^"'"^  Jhe  vault  of  rocks      -  '    «•' 
k  Iving  directly  across^the  LilK^^i"'  "^'l}^-^  ^et  in  diam-  .      .  .  - 
W  o/the  chambers  of  the  mine      fnt.her  Sh''*"''^  ^*''''";?  '^'  ^<^f  "^     ' 
be  spreading  roots  of  tHese  ancient  trS  a  ^1"'''^  T^t^'^  '^^'^^^th        .      ,.  ^ 
Ions .n  the  shale  of  the  roof  of  the  S     w ^'■''Tf  '^"^'-  ^^P^""       ■'     ^ 
fcems  onheLcpidodendron  ^vere  seeh'S^nf;]  ■  ^^l^  ^"'^  there  -the  'sdaly     ^    -  • 

fe  rocks,  or  procumbentlyrrnosSit'f'""^^''^'''-  '^^  formst^rougfe 
"the rocks.    Now  and  tilTShtr LThrtT' ^ ^^^  ^"^^««d        ^ 
jp-^sentrng  tha.  foliage  of  the  Su  'tre^fpr  ^  Wfronds^is  seen,       ' ' 
fcves  remind  us  of  the  spr^adiarSs  oNb    /  "''"'^  br««cl,:'flag-like         ,  . 
futhPacific  ocean.     To  the  SS  .)     ^^^  tj'T^'^'  islands  of  the  'M 

Ispiteof  its  uncouth  name^^lf  fc  .  ^  fT^''^'^Sk^^<^^lmmf^s,'   .       V' 
Wst  a  classic  land.    The  eminri^/n'"'''^  ^'""4  ^^  '«  ^o  the 
N  signs  of  a  mal  deposite    ond X      ^'  ""'"^^  seesThere  the  nevcr- 
U  for  buildinrandrgVinSones'^^H^^     '"^'f  --"-"^  mL  .    ■  1  " . 

l/ormation  that  the  grinds  onerwhth''       ^'""  '*^^''  ^^  ^his  ve*        •       , 
r  Atlantic  coast  are  derived  -and  S  iV    ^^'r   "'*'  ''^^^  """"iy  aU  ,     .  •. 
.^nd.  Cape  Merriaguin,Cl  the  wlm^.P^^^^^^^^  (grindstone    .      "*     * 

h^t  strata  w4h  ^^d   he  t^MZ     ^   ^^'f?^^^"^  ^Y^  ^d '  ^ 

K"l  too^s  of  trade  n?e  formed     *L^^^^^^   "ateriaPfrpm  which  these .       ,  - ,  .'i  ) 
^7:Stones  of  superior  quditv    .nf.  ,""  P*^t'5"*l"ic  river,  both  '^  ' 


'N, 


H 


I'^Unyr,-*-;    .^.;  '.^: 


l^i  Dpc.   136. 


■;^*H' 


536 

<;tones  from  the  Bay  of  Fundy.    T%Jiiyriad3  of  grindstones  which  are 
bZghtrour  market  employ  an^mense  amounl,  ot  tonnag^.  a„f 
giVe  employment  to  a  great  pumber  of  merchants  m  all  our  towns. 
\Vhodoes  not  know  how  much  our  success  m  ^g^-icultureis  due  to 
gypsum?     Yet,  how  few  stop  to  inquire  whence  ,t  is  procjred    I,  J 
Slv  all  brought  from  the  quarries  of  Nova  Scotia  and  New  Bruns- 
wick  and  beloncrs  to  the  cAil  formhtion  of' those  provinces.     It  is  used 
Tat^W  wonderful  extent  in  tlio  United  States,  and  hnds  its  way,  by 
railroads,  cannls,  rivers,  and    lakes    into  every  part  of.our  cwnt^ 
where  the  hand  of  tlK.  farmer  is  employed ♦Aj'aising  grasses,  whcat,a„d 
com.     A  vast  amount  of  tonnage  is  sufttairied  upon  the  waters  by  thJ 
traffic  in    cvpsum,  taken  from  pature's  inexhaustible   storehouses  ml 
the  rocks  of  the  provinces  whicb  now  occupy  our  attention.  I 

The  coals  of  Nova  Scotia  are  of  various  kinds,  and  arc  wholly  dit-l 
ferent  from  thole  of  the  United  States;  at  least  they  differ  from  all tfel 
coals  which  are  found  on  the  eastern  side  ot  the  Appalacbian  chiunoj 
mountains,  so  that  they  do  not  enter  into  competition  with  the™ 
obtmned  from  mines  in  the  United  States,  which  supply  our  coasU 
Thev  are  some  of  them  suitable  for  the  smitli's  use,  others  tor  steamboat 
others  for  gas.making,  &c.,  and  will  be  always  required,  wbatovcrmal 
be  the  supply  from  our  own  mines  ol  Pennsylvania,  Maryland,  ^ 
Virginia;  tlie  mine  near  Richmond,  Virginia,  lurnish.ng  the  only  bd 
minous  coal  that  will  serve  in  the  place  ot  the  coals  ot  Nova^cotd 
Hence,  we  shall  not  fear  that  any  i^A  can  come  to  our  own  coaJM 
from  the  competition  of  .the  British  provinces.     Coals  are  found  H 
abundantly  in  Pictou,  at  New  Caledonia,  Glasgow,  on  East  ruer, 
in  various  parts  of  the  great  coal-basm  which  lies  on  the  northern  c« 
of  Nova  Scotia.     The  island  of  Cape  Breton  also  iurnushes  an  abu 
ance  of  excellent  bituminous  coal.  i       •       u      i    j 

In  the  province  of  New  Brunswick  recent  explorations  have  hroad 
to  light  a  most  beautiful,  and  before  unknown,  variety  of  highly  biri 
minous  coal,  containing  sixty  per  cent,  ot  gas-mabng  bitumen  ad 
forty  per  cent,  of  coke,  which  yields  but  half  a  pound  ol  aslie q 
hundred  weight.  This  coal  is  in  the  true  coal  formation,  and  is  ta 
in  a  highly  incUned  bed  running  nearly  northeast  and  southwest,  ■jj 
-  the  trend  of  the  enclosing  strata.  This  coal  mifie  is  one  of  heni 
remarkable  in  America;  not  only  on  accouirt  ot  its  beautitui,  clff- 
glossy,  and  highly  bhuminous  characters,  so  admirably  adapted  tw( 
^ak-iJg,  hut  also  on  account  of  the  abundance  beauty  and  per^ 
of  its  fossils,  and  especiaUy  of  its  embalmed  fishes  ot  the  Pakm 
genus— fishes  of  the  true  coal  formation  of  America,  and  analog*! 
Siose  of  the  same  formation  in  Europe.  Six  or  more  new  specK 
this  ^enus  Palamucus  we  have  described  m  a^pnn'ed  memoir  on 
coal  mine.  Timeapd  labor,  doubtless  will  adJ  mimy  '"ore  to  the  1 
and  the  Albeit  county  coal  mine  will  become  the  Mecraot  pUgmj 
-  seich  of  fishes  of  olden 'time.     This  coal,  as  already  sugge^ 


"w  a  new  variety,  pa»"ll(!iil!«"lv  iidaiHeiHrH..-  -  - .  „ . 

fiirnishes  A  very  rich  gas,  highly  charged  with  carbon,  c;>»r£, 
of  olefiantgaa;  iihd  hence,  is  the  very  material  that  is  >y'»nted  bj  f '  ■ 
tifaciurers  to  enrich  the  products  of  ^ur  semi-bitutoinous  coats  ot  m 


H.   Doc.  136. 


587 


landandVi'rg4nia.»  Itiq  nnt»o«j    ^  '  o97 

^th6ther  coaJs  in  the  ^oporons'^^rf;"  ^'^^  ^^'-^^'^'^  ^"t  is  mixed 
thus  gives  Ae  best  product  Vac^n-be  0^-  V^^^'*^  '^  one-third  and 
"CT'^/T^"^^«  the  cokV^ftu?^'-^^^^;  and  "^  ^^^  sa^letime, 
mipwtauon  ^  the  Albert  coal  into  the  E  f '^'«^''^".?  coals.  The 
for«,  in  any  #ay  interfere  with  the  s^t  5  ''''-  '^^-^^^^  does  not.  there! 
conyar^,  enables  us  to  usecoal^that  wou  dr^^T"  ""^^•^'  ^"t/onThe 
etforgas-riiakiqg  It  also  .aves  much  1^7  "•  *'™^'^  «"d  a^y  ^i! 
for  making  oil-gas  from  whale  and  fish  07  '"^ '?  ^W^ratus  requirS 
blui«h  flame  produced  hv  «^.  r  "®'  "^ed  to  ennrh  tl.-.    ^ ,  "=" 

gJworks.    ^idi  the  pXfts  Zeof"^  ^f  ^'^^  -^^  "-pWedPatouT 
fc  valuable  coaJ  will  SSedltT ''^r  "^  ''"'^''^^^orlZlo^io^Z 
ke  United  States  will  tend  tol  ^  ft  wS'^^S'^"^  ^'- Stitf 
[cknge  of  commodities  with  our  provinc  J  b    T  ^"'^"'■■^'  '^J  ^^^^- 
Thus  far  we  have  called  nu  ^    .    ^''^'  brethren.  • 

nation  and  t^  their  contents.  But  NoT'i^  ?•  ^'^-^  \^^^'  "^  ^^e  coal 
,eologicaJ resources;  all  the  rocks  from  .?  ®''°''''  ^'^  a\o„miT  rich  in 
■ewred  sandstone  series,  bei^  asTt  wlt'!7''^^^^  "P  to  the 

;nce  a,  are  still  more  extendi  grouns  m 'h'^'"''?  'I^'"'^'^'  ^"^  ^^^^^X 
is obvious  that  America  has  befrcTt   n        '''""^'  "^  ^reat  Brfc 
at  our  rock  formations  are  so  w^le  anZ''  """''  '-^P^"^''^^  scalef aTd 
toflces  the  various  dejx)sites:  an      :,"h  ''"^^P  ,^«  ^o  separate  to  ireoi 
ntnotic  manner  declared  tin/ .f-     '  '^"^""i^h  Vanuxem  has  in  n  S 
«lo,«l  scale  is  t^t^^l^^^:^^  ^  ^^  ^n^:it    ' 
tthat  It  would  be  much  more  co^venTenf  ;^t^^"""t  conceal  the 
irer  to  our  metalliferous  denositLcu^  ^°  ^^'^^'^  our  coal  a  hffJp 
;«  and  Wales.    In'  SrSthTet 'V''-^  ^'"^  ^^'^^  -  EngbS 
sand  veins  of  iron  ores,  and  to  her  cop"  ^b! ''^^       """'•  ^«  ^^^^  vas 
3  furnrsh  good  roofing  slatfes,  and  are  fiSfn;      "  V?^'^^'     ^^e  slate 
'P;«)cks  are  of  the  same  age  and  cnnr        "'"^^  ^*  ^^^^  "^^t^ls.     Her 
^south  sho,.  of  Lake  %:i^TltJr'' T^'"'''''  ^  ^hto 
2«  nver,  and  on  Isle  Rovale,  whfcht?  t^       ^  ^'?''  ""  ^^e  On- 
»^olnaave  copper  and  silVcr.     Nadve '1  ^^'^"  ^  :,''^'  ^"  ">h  in 
'^  t!^P  breccia,  and  amygdaloid  onhe?^K  """'^  ''^'"''  ^'^  fo"nd 
^.  in  numerous  places  from  D,bvNeA-?    ?  '"«""*''''"«  «f  ^ova 
te  "  ^'^'T'  ^'•"^  ^hen  theT^^^sl^n  be  i ,  ^'P'  ^'^^ '  '-^"d  there 
|labor,  and  of  mining  skill  and  nni      •     ^  ^'''"'^  '''^"^""t  of  scien- 
Ws  in  Nova  Scoi,  that  Zre  itsTeen^  'T?''^^'  '»  ^"^^Sg 
bee«^sed  many  deposites  of  vSu^toth.    "  ^^^  Superior,  therf 
J^tfml  bretiiren  n^' means  of  elSln/T  .^°""L^/«ffordingto  our 
W^  beds^of  sandstone tXv^^S^^T-^'^^T"^^  our^peopfe' 


trap-rocks. 


t'«%tcted  upon  by 


,^ 


im 


H.   Poc^  186. 


Sandstone*  suitable  fprthe  hearths  9f  iron  furnaces  are  abundantly , 
obtained  upon  the  borders  of  Cumberland  bay.  and  oJres  of  manganese 
are  abundant  as  shore- pebbles  at  Quaco  and  other  parts  of  the  Bay  of 
FundV,  and  veins  of  this  ore  are  found  in  the  hmcstone  rocka  of  the 
province.  Iron  ores  of  the  very  best  qualitv  are  abundant  near  the 
Basin  of  Mines,  and  near  Anapohs,  at  mctau,  and  Clcuients,  on 
Digby  Neck,  and  also  near  the  cold  mines  of  Pictou.  1  hesa  rich  iron 
ores  cannot  find  an  American  market  so  long  as  England  furnishes  iron 
to  her  provin<Js  free  of  duty,  and  no  market  is  offered  here  forNoyal 
Scoua  iron  except  under  the  sainfe  duUes  as  arc  imposed  on  that  bmughtf 

*'^We  hfvc"not  described  the  beautiful  agates,  amethysts,  chalcedonies, 

jaspers,  cairngorms,  and  the  enti^  group  of  zeoUte  minerals  whic 

abound  in  the  amyg^aloidal  trap  of  Nova  Scotia,  and  tempt  the  mJ 

eralogist  to  wander  beneath  the  frowning  crags  which  overhang  hj 

head  along  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  rising  in  mural  precipices  ot  frorniwl 

to  600  feet  in  height,  and  dropping,  altgr  each  winter  s  irost,  lajge  heaw 

of  precious  specimens  ready  for  the-^lector;  for^Uch  things  ar 

looked  upon  by  every  one  as  matters  ofveconoiinc  value,  though  i  ^ 

are  rfaEviSuch  when  they  induce  travel  from  distant  shores  lnto^ofl 

Scotia,  an^  cau,o  the  expenditihre  of  wealth  among  the  peopleoftlJ 

province— the  inevitable  result  ^f  inducing  travellers  to  pass  their  tin 

amonx  them.     They  arc  also  valuable  beyond  wh^  i^iost  persons  m 

pose,  when  they  add  to  human  knowledge  and  to  the^neansofinstid 

tion  in  science,  for  all  parts  of  science  are  m  some  wa,y  connected  wil 

eachother,  sothafthe  advancement  of  what  ^appears  to  be  at  first! 

useless  branch  ftf  iearn>g  may  open  the  way  to  more  profound  knoii 

edeeofthelawsof  the  universe,  and  brings  about  results  not  at  W 

anticii^ted.     No  one  kno^ys  how  useful  a  stone,  ajrfirst  sight^^ppareH 

uselesjrnay  become  by  the  hand  of  science    _  \ 

What  beautiful  laws  were  opened  bv  Sir  David  Brewster,  andotli 
by  the  study  of  the  polarization  of  light  by  ci^stajs  of  these  veiy  r 
erals,\so  that  these  discoveries  are  now  reduced  to  real  pecuniary  v^ 
in  every  w%U  condu^Sd  sugar  plantation  of  the  world.    Again, 
polarizatioli  Of  light  is  now  turned  to  account  not  only  in  detecting 
intimate  structure  of  bodies,  so  iis  to  learn  their  nature,  however  m^ 
but  even  the  hght  of  a  wand/ing  comet,  ofc  of  the  fitting  aurora  b 
lis,  is  caught, between  the»r polarizing  crystals  and  made  to  c(^ 
whether   it  is\  intrinsic,   or    is   borrowed   froni  some   otlier  m 
We  shaU<  therefore,  cjjjim  sqme  attention  to  the  curious  mmen 
Nova  Scotia,  thoilgh  their  uses  may  not  be  all  at  once  apparent. 

Thefrpographical  'features  of  Nova  Sqotia  aie  not  less  reinartJ 
than  the  geology  of  that  province.    Wc  have  along  the  Buy  of  H 


NoT..-We  refer  to  the  memoir  of  Mo88«.  Jackwn  w^  A^?^  •\*5TtheKM 
^^N^^ti^  |mMkhed.m4h%Americ«n  .To«n)»l^^.eugg^j,^^^A.^ 

l^ubliHhed  in  the  xVanB^S^ of  the  American  ^^'^f^^f^l^^]^''^^ 
m  d«8cripti«n8  of  the  intewHting  mineral*  «»* '«<!>'^«S  *f r^-.^iT^ 
pubUshed  m  the  Quarterly  Journal  of  the  Geological  Society  of  ^^X'^Jn«Mia 
Sfof  Pictou.    Al«.,to8irCharle.  Well'.  '^'f'^'^Z^'^^^ilS 
tioni  publUhed  by  him  in  the  Quarterly  Journal  of  the  Geological  Society  oi  ww«». 
BMiki  on  the  geology  of  parts  of  thi»  interesting  province. 


^^^i^S2;^S^'  ^y  ^^^-  -ion  or  the  .a 
Ue  of  juaction  of{he  trap  ^ik  S  t  nettT  '^^ '^  ^^^"^  «  "^'o 
an  overhanging  mass- of  columnar  tran  ml  -^  ^^ndstone,  and  forms 
I  tTT'  ,^'^'«^"P  ridge  runs  ENE^  Sw'ir'"'^^'^"^  P^^«««  «« 
"Tn^K  ^Xr'*  thirtymlles  in  length  from  Briar'^M^'^  ^"^  ^^^^"ds  one 
ofDigb;5rNeck,t«  Capes  SpA  and  BWdl^'^^"^' ^^  tl,e  e^remity 

more  picturesque  coast  than  this/ TheTfr"'  ■  ^''"^  '^^"»«t  be  a 
I  crowded  forests  of  fir  and  spruce  trees  first^r?'"]^  ""«^^'  ^"^  their 
.he  Bay  of  Fundy.  Their  Light  serv;s  to  TT  '''"  P'  ^'  ^^  cross 
tkdnvingfugsot-thebay.whifhmeltSoZ^^^^^  the  mterior  from 
sides  of  these  mountains  and  disappear  ^"^  ^'  ^^^P^ss  "P  the 

Beyond  this  barrier  we  come  to  tl       •  i, 
Anapolis  dyer,  which  takes  its  rise  in  ^h?r' ''"?  ^'^l''^^^^  valley  of  ^he 
b,  where  the  teeming  soil  bears  abunJttnTf"  °^^^"^^^^'  cLwal! 

Passing  this  valley  as  we  w*^,;?  Produce. 

«,ine  to  the  South  mountains,  the  LT  S-^"**^?  ^^e .country,  we 
conljuning  the  rich  iroti  oi^s  of  NiSau  and  P?"  "^^'  "^  «^«^«  »^«ks,  ' 
or  their  abundant  Silurian  fossils,  u^ha^^^'"'!'  '"  ^^"^^kabl^ 
%m,  and  other  welUnownlbssils  of  t^eslLh  "^"f'^^^mmrdel 
we  come  to  the  granite  rocks  whip-h  we^e  elS^r^^^i''  ^"^"^^  this,  " 
'Jeposiuon^f  the  strata  of  Siluriaji  JnVo  ''^''''"f'  subsequently  to  the 
bold  angle  with  the  horizon  «l^t««.  ^nd  have  lifted  them  at  *^ 

This  isacross  section  of  Nova  Scotii      Tfn«®*^ 
mtward,  we  soon  change  the  scene  and  fin  1    ^^  ''■^^^'  ^^  ^he  north-  ' 
IJ^dstones  near  WindsSr,  anHon  co^e  '"^f  ^^'  ""  ^^^  P^™ean 
ihecoiilsenesofthQproyince.wherew^wnH        gypsum  rocks  in 
ofgypsum,  and  see  ijie  quarries  wrou.hl  bv  tL  h   "^^'-.^^tensive/hiUs 
■Jinan.    Riding  over  a  fine  road  toSifax  wo         '^  "^T'  ^"^  kr- 
Mthat  town,  so  remarkable  for  theifhord^ir  r    "^^  t  '^^  ^"''y  elates 
H  to  Pictou  we  traverse  exteS  ve  SSf    •  ^'^'^^S  north. 
\m  come  to  the  rich  doposites  of  coal  S  ^  •  '''■^"'^"  lime^one,  and  '' 
Rctflu,  and  on  the  East  river  in  New  pf        "*'"  """  "^  ^he  district  of 
fichand  beautiful,  and  is  Sled  ^0,?^^^%  /^^^^  ^^ole  region  "s. 
Ne.  in  other  pa;ts  ^^^^f^lf^'^T  ^'^"^  ^i*^ 
hpolis,  we  have  English  and  Wsh^  and  n^tL?*' ^?^  tHe^valley  oC  ■ 
Nrjcan  refugees,  anS  French,     ^'e  Fren?-h  %^7  ^^'^'  Hessians,      ■ 
^feothe^^side  of  fet.  Mary's  bay  on  SiL.l     ^  Papulation  is  mostly  on    ' 
»J.  ^e  fe^iains  qf  theXncKLdToW  "'~^  ""''  Frencft^col-- 

f  gulf-stream  serving CSerZ  fu^""'  "^^  ^Pr^^itjlf 
'^f-    The  tides  o/the  W  Fund^lKr"  ^"'^'^  ^''^^  *^^  ^^ 
f  "ton,  on  account  of  the/ giat  ebb  ^Hf    "y",  attracted  much 
^  the  tide  enters  the  nal^wtays  andTK&v^.^  the^anner  in 
few  Urunsmck  andJSav^sJii;      ^t!  L"nll^.?^  ^^  nj^gx^  botkig. 


Wthegfeat  tidaJ  wave  enteral  FuT   ri    ' 
«e  mouth,  and  Jq  fro^*  r  T.  -""^  ^'  I'^un 

tater.  «       compass  as  into  a  tunneVs  neck     ^J^l 


'^-.i^^-^'tle  tunnei- 

'.  apd  is  forced 

"T^e  impetuous 

irful  rapidity. 


540 


H.  Doc.  136. 


rushing  up  in  what  is  called  a  bore,  sometimes  four  or  six  leet  in  height 
at  the  heads  of  bays  and,  "P  tl»e  river  channels,  ^n  the  Peticodiac,  at 
the  bend  of  the  river,  this  bore  is  seen  to  the  greatest  advantage.  The 
tides  rise,  at  the  highest,  to  about  sixty  feet  at  the  head  of  the  bay,  while 
the  rise  is  not  more  than  thirty  feet  at  the  mouth  of  the  bay.  The  fish- 
ermeh  know  how  to  make  use  of  these  rapid  tides,  and  always  manage 
to  go  with  the  current.  Hence  the  Peticodiac  is  sometnncs  called  "la- 
zy-man's river,"  since  rowing  is  quite  unnecessary,  the  tide  bearinjr  the 
boat  whither  the  boatman  wishes,  he  only  having  to  guide  her  course. 
Every  one  knows  that  the  rivers  of  the  Bay  of  Fundy  arc  full  of  fine 
shad  and  salmon  in  their  season,  and  the  herrings  of  Digby  are  known ' 
all  the  country  over  for  their  excellence. 

Observations  on  the  geological  resources  of  the  province  of  New  Brunmki 

We  have  already, given  a  brief  sketch  of  the  valuable  mines  and 
uarries  on  the  New  I  Briinswick  side  of  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  though  much 
'  pre  might  have  bcfin  stated  had  time  been  allowed  for  a  minute  in- 
^stigation  of  that  iiiiportant  district.  ,        .       .  1 

■  We  shall  now  extend  our  observations  inland,  and  pomt  out  someofl 
le  more  prominent  features  of  this  province,  so-far  as  our  personal  ol)-| 
nervations  will  permit.     Leaving  the  township  of  Hillsboro',  we  travell 
towards  St.  John,  and  find  rocks  of  the  coal  formation,  gray  sandstoneJ 
snowy-white  gypsum,  and  other  rocks  of  that  series,  which  are  herej 
and  there  found  resting  upon  hills  of  sienite,  hornblende  rock,  and  otheil 
crystalline  aggregates  of  hypogent  origin.     On  the  borders  of  these  ei-| 
tensive  rocks  we  find  novaculile  6T  a  green  color,  which  appears  to  I 
-an  altered  slate  rock  and  a  conglomerate  of  its  broken.fragments  m 
sohdated  by  an  argillaceous  cement.     Reaching  Sussex  vale,  we  comf 
to  some  of  the  richest  and  purek  salt  springs  known  in  this  country,  anJ 
■witness  the  mtlhufacture  of  the  finest  flavored  and  purest  table  salt-ai' 
article^ustly  prized  above  any  kind  of  salt  made  in  the  country,  on  at 
count  of  its  freedom  from  deli(iuescent  salts  of  lime  and  magnesia.  M 
on  the  borders  of  the  beautiful  Kennebekaris  river,  we  followed  its  ni(^ 
anderings  through  one  of  the  most  picturesque  valleys  of  the  proyisM 
a'nd  find  on  the  steep  flanks  of  the  hiUs  the  continuous  out-croppind 
red  sandstones  of  the  Devonian  group,  which  supoort  the  coal  formaud 
of  the  more-  eastern  district  before  described.     This  valley  is  obviousH 
one  of  denudation,  and  the  deeply  scQ^ed  rocks  evinfce  the  passage,  j 
olden  time,  of  currents  of  w^ter  and  fltfes  of  ice  loaded  with  imbeddej 
rocks,  and  frozen  soil.  ; 

The  broad  and  beautiful  Kennebekaris  ba;jr  spreads  before  us, 
is  bordered  by  limestone  rocks  of  the  Devonian  group.  We  nexteij 
ter  the  city  of  St.  John,  the  great  mercantile,  entrepot  of  the  provma 
wjiere  ride  large  numbers  of  great  ships,  kding  and  unlading,  an 
=ek-fying  e&^^-extenslve^comnoerce  with  the„m.Qther  country.  IJ 
city  of  St,  John  is  surrbUnded  by  excellent  limestones ;  and  soffl 
of  the  gray  sandstones  are  found  to  contain  large  fossil  trees,  ind 
eating  that  they  belong  to  the  rocks  not  very  far  below  the  cdal  seiij 
whUe  the  slates  of  the  Great  Falls,  a  mile  or  two  from  the  popuioi 


H'  Doc.  136. 


ce  of  New  Brunswici 


portions  of  the  citv.  cnntnin  ♦!,    i  ^      •*»* 

Wca-.a  kind  IpproaZ^n'lZe  t^  ""'^^^^^^  ^"own  m- 
coal,  bat  still  sufficiently  pure  forX  ^^^^^  ^"  ^ '"eiainorpSed 
for  the  preparation  of  mouffs  Ibr  iron      «;?""^«^ture  of  lustre,  and 

fossils  are  iound  ,n  this  limestone  7o  V        'T^^^  ^'''^^  "o  rehikins  of 
cending  the  nver,  we  find,  alot    s  hJl^'T  T  geological  age     Z  - 
the  strata  of  tlie  country.     lied%ntuf      ''  [^'^  "^'^^^  ^-""ous  disnlav  nf 
Lmon  roc-ks  .vhich  „Teet  the  t^uZ'^^'Ti'"'^''^^^' 
.the  coal  formation  crosses  the  rivJr  to  "f    «     ,f  ""-"^  ^ '^lericton,  where 

favebe.„  opened  inl.^;;  ^^^on  t",  ^^^--^  'n  ti^S 
lent  coals  have  been  obtained.  'iSv^.f  ^""''^"^^'^  ^'O'n  wJiich  excel 
fc  ^,  since  th^.e  of  the  ei!;|^ -^3  P^^r  u^t 

p&^:;r3^t^^«  -^^  ^--ift^I  specilnslf 
h  ^"'i  «^  Lcpldodcdra;  and  "he  n^r""^  "'""^^  "^  the  tribe  of 
kent  vegetation  cannot  but  excite  tLff'-''"  °^  ^^ese   remains  of 
Ustsj  forthe  substance  of  thtJ^^„,:^'3""«tion  of  geologist  and 
^of  a  perfectly  black  color,  whle  the  slalf.  ?'''^^f^I  P^-^^rml,  and 
« of  alight  neutral  tint  of  rrr-iv  ^;,  '"  ^^^^^^  they  are  fonn.f 

^conserved  and  chartS;|r"i4rr^^^  • 

ms  IS  perfectly  distinct  on  their  £l.'.  ^'''^^/h^  ^njctiflcation  of  the 
^l^endroi  is  ibund  endi?  T^X'^f  T'^  «^^e,and  leaf  of 
^e  not  heen  found  of  much  tWckilS  nrT^  ^'^"^  '"^'-  «P«ned 
an  from  a  foot  to  eighteen  inches  S'l''^  ^'^'"^  "°^  being  more 
»gnitude;  and  we  are  inform  "dt  J?  /^r*""*  «°tne  are  of  ^eatpf 
profitable  working  have  Zn  ^  T"^  beds,  of  ample  dimeSn' 
'wopened  by  mia«-s!  There  Is  evervl  ^"'""  i  J^is  diWt,  and  We 
It  ^'l  *?«  f«""^  '>"  thVbordefs  ^fThi.'^^-^^eve  thatimpo^^^^^ 

fders  of  the  river.     It  will  serv^  vJi    •    u,  H*  '^'^^^  ^nd  along  the  / 

•teamboats  which  ply  o^  the  wlr,    f""l'^^^  ^^'^  ^"^^  ^^  the  fu?icea 
N  ascending  thS^St   JohnTraL^  river       ''*      / 

K  on  the  western  side  of  the  ^LTTaT'"'  ^"^  ^^'"^  to  Wood- 
^uinekeag  river,  a  few  mill  abov«  ^h    ^'^'  '^^  ^'^^  borders  ofX 

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Sciences 
GorpQratiQn 


23  WIST  MAIN  STRliT 

WnSnR,N.Y.  I4SM 

(71«)I72-4S03 


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H.  Doc.   186. 

for  the  production  of  pig-iron  to  be  used  in  making  bar-ixon  in  the  pud- 
dling furnaces  of  England.  j  ,ir     i       i     i.      l 

Ores  of  manganese  are  also  found  around  Woodstock,  though  they 
have  not  yet  been  sent  to  market. 

Still  ascending  the  St.  John,  we  come  to  the  Tobique  river,  which 
enters  the  St.  John,  on  tfce  eastern  side,  a  litde  below  the  Aroostook. 
A  few  miles  from  the  mouth  of  the  Tobique  we  find  the  red  sandstone 
rocks,  like  those  of  No*a  Scotia,  full  of  excellent  gypsum.  Springs  of 
salt  water  are  also  said  to  have  been  found  therein.  This  gypsum  wll 
prove  valuable  to  the  farmers  on  both  sides  of  the  St.  John,  and  will 
save  the  expense  of  bringing  that  mineral  up  the  river.  A  tribe  of  In- 
dians still  dwell  on  the  borders  of  the  Tobique,  and  have  their  princi- 
pal camps  at  the  mouth  of  the  river.  They  still  find  occupation  in  the 
chase,  and  even  to  this  time  take  many  beaver,  otter,  and  sable,  besides 
huTiting  bears,  moose,  and  caribou,  in  the  forests. 

A  few  miles  more  of  canoe  voyage  brings  us  to  the  upper  falls  of  the 
St.  John — a  magnificent  'cataract  of  70  or  80  feet  perpendicular  de- 
scent.  This  is  one  of  the  most  picturesque  spots  on  the  river,  and  will 
in  due  time  become  a  favorite  place  of  fesort  in  the  summer  season. 
Here  the  river  is  closely  confined  between  lofty  crags  of  slaty  lime- 
stone, and  makes  a  sudclen  turn  in  its  course  as  it  bursts  througli  its 
rocky  barriers.  Its  beauty  is  not  destroyed  by  the  great  saw-mills  that 
were  built  upon  the  edge  of  the  falls  by  the  late  Sir  John  Caldwell;  i 
but  the  business  created  on  the  spot  has  brought  a  sufficient  number  of 
settlers  to  make  the  place  more  cheerful.  Above  the  falls  the  river  ex- 
pands, and  is  as  tranquil  as  a  placid  lake.  We  followed  its  windings  in 
our  canoe  for  many  days,  stopping  at  night  among  the  hospitable  and 
naturally  police  French  peopjf  who  live  in  humble  simplicity  on  the 
borders  of  the  river,  pursuing  their  quiet  mode  of  life,  undisturbed  by 
the  thirst  for  gain  that  torments  dwellers  in  the  great  mercantile  cities 
of  the  coast.  •  I 

The  people  of  Madawaska  are  descendants  of  the  French  neutralsl 
o£  Acadia,  and  very  much  resemble,  in  their  mode  of  life,  the  peoplej 
of  Sissaloo,  on  the  St.  Mary's  river.  They  have  few  wants,  and  these! 
are  easily  supplied  by  means  of  their  own  skill  in  the  chase  and  iol 
rural  labor. 

For  forty  miles  above  the  falls  of  the  St  John,  the  French  sell 
ments  of  Madawaska  are  scattered  along  both  sides  of  the  river,  i 
principal  settlements  being  on  the  provincial  side  o£  the  river. 

Some  fifty  miles  farther  up,  the  St.  John  divMes  into  numer 
branches,  which  extend  into  Canada  on  the  north  and  into  Maine  ( 
the  south.  The  St.  Frangois  is  its  most  important  Canadian  branc 
and  the  Allagosh,  with  its  numerous  lakes,  and  the  Aroostook,  ei 
tending  almost  to  the  northwest  angle  of  Maine,  where  it  nea 
Teachejjlbgkcomers  of  New  Hampshire  and  of  Canada,  are  the  lonj| 
ijMpjflfTiii  iif  thii  fjTi  nt  rirrr — TWportion  of  the  river  is  butJL 
-:nown  to  this  ^except  to  the  Indian  hunter;  and  it  is  not,  so  fare 
we  can  learn,  very  inviting  to  the  canoe  voyeur.  The  whole  region « 
country  above  the  falls  J|5"  the  St.  John  is  based  upon  a  blile  ij 
limestone,  probably  of  the  silurian  group  of  rocks ;  but  it  is  not  nchi 
^ssils  or  in  minerals  of  value."    The  soil  is  excellent  all  over  «»« 


bar-iron  in  the  pud- 
Istock,  though  they 


^a  Doe.  436. 


i4» 


|rocb,and  bears  good  croDS  of  th*.         i  ^^^ 

|iu>  whfD  cleared  and  cijtivat^d  ^'"^^  "^"^  ^^^^  burdens  of 

\m  an  abundance  of  the  W  ^^t  IdnX  nfTT^"''  '^  '^"°«^n  to  eon- 
Lrf  for  sawing  into  boards,  ^la^k  a^d  l.V""^'"  !^'"  ^^'»P-buiIding, 
■^intercourse  with  the  moVc"  cc^v  i,  ^^^'''^f '"^^  commef! 
hj  pfthe  largest  class  of  mcSirSaeih^'T^  by  this  trade, 
mm  die  harbor  of  St.  John  as  TtholZ'fT^T-  ""■"^'"'y^^^  ^e- 
b  chss  of  vessels  is  adapted  mor"  mrtSlo  ^'^  ^u"""^  '^'^t^^.  ^r 
•Jy  ^^5"':',  «P«r«.  "iS  masTs     C  of  H  i^  ^''  ^^"  [5'">1x>rtation 

Ua^edeposites"o??o.&^^^  -ntains  some  ve,y 

U..   The  most  n>markable7thTse  der^^if  "^"^^^^^^o^t  perfeS 
MM,mHd^sboro',  near  the  banks  of  tL  p'?^'?  "  ^^^  Alberrcoal- 
Jed  M  included  in  shales  wJf h  n.        i    ,    *  ^'^^^odiac  river.     This  coil 
h  to  ,tl,0  under.c5ay  ;r^^J' "^^^  ^-^^  of  soft  slate,  equTva: 

Mydverlaid  by  s  Jata  oShlv  h^""°"'  ^«»l-^«ds.  and  the  cod  i, 
t^id  fishes,  a^d  witllK^^^enrrit '"'  ^^^  ^^"''  -'^-^ 
r»  of  the  genus  Pa/^musgLToflZ  ''"'Vf  »«5  beautiful 
"alswere  originally  discovered  hll  •  ^^"oid.order.  These 
W  of  1851.  and  isSons  of  J,  '^""'"  "^  ^'"«  ^''ticle  in  ihl 
U  Society  of  Natu,3  Er^  afZr''  '■''^.'*  ^^^  ^'"^  ^efo,^  he 
ttyear,  and  that  nanpr  wnl     1       ^'"^  *®*^*^"'^  meet  n^  in  Mnv  nf 

t^VrtCoal'ffip'a:;^!^^^^^^^^  iCa'JZ'n' 

powMg:  i'    J^'  '">'"  which  report  we  now  extm^^the 

l^iJberttL.  ^^"  "^'^  '^  ^'«  «^«^ «-  that  was  d  iscovered  by  me 


te'o^^^^^^^^^  i-g;  head,  obtuse 

ptt^SA  inches;  width  in  middle  of  bo  JT.f"'^  ?''"'  P^5  whole 
jNe  anal,  smaU  triangular,  A  ofin  in/h  I'l  '"''^•'  ^"'' «"«  dorsal, 
Pthe fish  was  dead  before  it  w^emW.  •  '^f^*  Jointed,  drooping 
KjnaU,  triangular,  a  mel^ZS^'^ii:,?'^  ™"^l  ("^^  sh^ale^ 
«M  into  mass  of  scafes  of  hSv  m^iT^^'  i^-rtoro/,  small,  com- 
''T«y long,  and  ta^rinl  in^l^  v  ^-^'^  '"'^^  bifurcated,  un- 
.«!!«•  Tl2««&,ruSnonE,^J— "'^J""^  extends  to  a 
^y  smaller  to  tip;  cumZs!^.  IT"  "f  '?"'  ""^  b««>tne 


•  »•  1 


i 


-M 


'  -'  '•i^^  'III 
'  ■  Lii*f  •  I'll 


"W*^ 


^  the  vertebnd  cohmn?he'^^'?ff ;  ^"^  "*^«^  °^  *^n«  i«  »een  to 
^  and  compressible:  The  cSfl  ^  ^"^'  ""''  *^^^«  ^^en  cartila- 
«J  to  be  d&ect^     I  cannot  fiS'*-'  ^  »°«,«>nfiisedly^. 

=»f  •  fossa  fish  identi<ii^rtwr^  iti^T^^'^^  ^  '^y 

^wiinthis.    ItiscvidendyaPaJffioniscus, 


If^t 


-if  ■*•  [■ 

ft  r      '  ^  "^ 


'r'v 


if^. 


:  ji 


,■  -■■**:• 
/I  • » 


544 


H.  Doc.  I96i 


.r 


and, is  probably  a  young  individual,  as  seems  to  be  indicated  byiu 
small  size  and  the  delicacy  of  its  scales.  We  will  name  it,  provision- 
ally,  Palaionitcus  Albcrti,  in  commemoration  of  its  being  the  first  losiil 
fish  discovered  in  Albert  county,  in  New  Brunswick. 

"PL  I.,  Fig.  2.  This  beautiful  fish  was  found  by  Mr.  Brown,  the 
captain  of  the  mine,  subsequent  to  my  first  visit  to  Hillsboro'.  It  is 
one  of  the  largest,  or  full  grown  species.  It  was  unfortunately  broken 
in  the  operation  of  extracting  it,  but  it'Still  is  a  very  valuable  specimen. 
This  being  the  first  fossil  fi^sh  found  by  the  cluef  miner,  I  have  named 
it  Pahamiscus  Brovonii. 

"  Description :  Fish  ^arly  whole.  It  is  one  of  the  largest  species 
yet  found,  and  its  length  is  three  times  the  greatest  width  of  its  body; 
whole  lengtli,  6iV  inches;  breadth,  liV  inches;  head  broken  off  just 
'  infrontof  iJectoralfin;  extremityof  tail  broken;  abdominal  fin  missing, 
it  having  been  broken  in  getting  out  the  specimen.  Dbrsal  fin,  a  littk  ' 
behind  middle  of  body,  opposite,  or  ratlier  a  little  in  front  of  anal. 

"PI.  I.,  Fig.  3,  represents  a  perfect  fish  of  the  genus  Pa]aBoniscus,  i 
which  was  found  on  the  3d  of  June  last.  In  its  general^brm  and  an- 
pearance  it  resembles  the  Palaoniscus  Elegant  of  Professor ^edgewiti,  I 
(Lond.  Geol.  Trans.,  2d  series,  Vol.  iii,  PL  9,  Fig.  1,)  and  Agassiz;] 
(Rechcrches  sur  les  Poissons  Fossiles,  Vol.  ii.  Tab.  10,  Fig.  5,)  but  it 
difiers  from  that  species  in  the  striation  of  the  scales,  the  striasof  theL 
^illsborb'  species  being  paiallel  to  the  anterior  and  lower  margins  of  I 
the  scales,  and  the  shape  of  tlic  scayjkpfering  essentially  from  Mr.f 
Sedgewick's  species.  •  ''I^V 

"Description:  Fish,  long  and  slfenWr,  4^^  diameters  of  its  ,,. 
long;  length  of  head,  a  litde  less  tli^  the  largest  diameter  of  the  body;! 
the  head  has  the  shape  of  an  equilateral  spherical  triangle;  tip  of  nose,! 
or  snout,  curiously  tuberculated  and  dotted;  gill  plates  cannot  be  dis-j 
sected,  they  are  so  brittle  end  confused  with  the  head ;  fins,  pectoral  J 
little  behind  gill  plates,  and  extend  below  the  fisb  ^  of  an  inch— itijj 
a  narrow  pointed  fin,  well  marked  with  its  rays.  Donal  fin  fiir  bad^ 
towards  the  taiU  a  little  anterior  tb  anal;  it  is  half  an  inch  lopg  tindi' 
of  {in  inch  high,  and  is  well  marked  with  its  rays.  And  fin  somewh 
larger  ilian  dorsal,  a  little  posterior  to  ijt.  Abdominal  fin  yerjsn 
situated  a  very  llttlo  in  advance  of  the  middle  of  the  body;  taili 
qually  bifurcated  or  heterocercal ;  tcales  run  down  on  it  becomin 
smaller  and  more  and  more  acutely  rhomboidal  or  lozenge-shaped  i 
they  recede ;  caudal  rays  come  exclusively  from  under  side  of  upp 
division  of  tail.  Scales  obtusely  rhomboidal  on  anterior  and  middle  i 
body  I  and.  are  distincUy  sUiated  parallel  to  anterior  and  lower  margint 
while  they  are  smooth  and  very  brilliant  towards  and  Upon  the  taul 
dorsal  scales  large,  and  in  form  of  obtuse  spherical  triangles,  pointii« 
backwards  tbwards  the  dorsal  fin.  This  8|)ecie8  is  not  described 
any  book  I  have  examined,  and,  believing  it  to  be  new,  I  shall  take  t 
liberty  of  naming  it  Palaoniscus  Caipuii,  after  the  highly  intpJi™ 
™8uperinieodentotthe  Albert  coalrmine,  William  Caim#f  to  wao« 
and  unremitting  labors  I  and  indebted  for  so  many  specimens  oft 
interesting  fossils.  ^  #  r        j 

"  PI.  I.,  Fig.  4.    This  large  and  elegant  fisE  was  most  unfortunat^ 
broken  in  spfitting  it  out  fi:om  the  rock,  only  the  posterior  part  ot 


H^^Doc  136. 


SU 


rfd«  fi.h  was  Originally  £^:°J-  ^^.^fon.    The  whole  leagth 
iCDtne,  »6^  inches  Idnff:  it  J„«  k    i  ^°*'  Potion  which  renS 
Uerfthe  dorsal  fin.    if  w"s  rbld'^iS"  '^  ^^?"«h  th7,SS 
Uace  of  the  scales,  which  aS  Sick  t-^"  ''2'*^"'  ^  tW 
jojmpjrtobhterajed,  while  the  swarion?^'  '^'^  ^^""^  ^^ir  striS^ 
r^^w      •f?'^''  '^«  «^°n«ated  rfioS/'^  extremely  sharp  ^ 
UtheT  surface,  which  ifn  paSfe^^fe  T  •  '^^^^  ^an/sSe 
UgM.    Caudal  scales,  acute  Kcei     Th  '*'^''  "??«'  ««d  W 
Uvwop,  which  is  long,  and  cover^H  Sfu'    T''^^  '""  ^own  on  uon^ 
Lr^ly,  exciuSVel/C  '^^d^^^^^^^^       ^y^  of  tail  coK 
fcl«lis  une<jual  or  heterocercaJ     Unt  i  /    u  "P^^""  ^»^'«on,  and 
^r^JP?  't  ^ai  be  prudent  to  abS  ^1°'?'^"  ^  ^"*'^«  «Pe^ 

.  j:si^  ^'  "°^  --^  ^-  ^^^^5  'Tis^;i^4?:ft  s 

"PI  II  Fiff  1      T>,-  "'"^e  genua 

bn«ofkrfepS'"L«|^i^;„«o  nearly  ^^^^^^      ,he  Pa/e«>»i^ 

«»g  the  lE.es  of  sSTe'^eZcS  ^7;"^  ^^^^ 
Kli,    ^  fi^at  dorsal  scales  nniS       '^^^^f''*^  '^  ^s  another 
ilrrcsraible  m  form  thosejrepreaenSi  ^t^^'l.lV^^  ^'^"a'  An,  ex- 
te.   (See  Quarterly  JourCgeT^.l/nS'f  ™ip  M.  de  Eger^nl 
^..^^fes  of  one  specimen  a^etS^f^^f^^^^^^^ 
Ijfenor  margins,  and  are  defo^v  ! n/^^  "^^^  ^^^  «"Perio; 
j£«f  edges.    The  lines  of  sSSi  ^e  worn '^  ''"^"^  ^^^he? 
|J»%.  perhaps,  that  it  was  an  old  L^    ^      ^^^^^  con«derably, 
U  inches  long,  and  it  is  two  inlh^  in  ^  ™'  I^^"  ^"^^.  ^bou 
Km  <rf  the  dorsal  and  anal  &s     tL?»u  ^^^  fr**"  «he  anterior 
l^«itlv  full  exhibition  ofT;  ch^^aets!???'  dellneatioTj;:; 

^X:L*;;;er;^^^^^^^^^^^  of  shale.  .Vesenting a    ' 

Ste^r^^^'^n^eus,  co^p^^^^^^^  It  is^a 

Kf- f  r  ^°^"'' tbiarock.    ThelinTnf  J       ,    "",P"«°"edinthe 
te?'''n^^'i*^P<'«itiontot  rihlvwf  r^^^  ^°  '^^  «rid^ 

P*   This  fish  must  have  be«n  n-„  u!  •      .'  *^"^  ^y  the  open  rill 
K»«  upright  position.        *^^"  ^"S'^*  '»  t^^e  mud-'alive,  Sf  k     ' 

k1^«'^^.  ^/Xfr'tiP^t^*  ^^'^^  ^-"^  «t  the  new  pit 
►  My  presented  it  to  mk  ft  T/'^S^^^^  ^f  «''^°''  of  Hillsb^l' 
bjk  towams  the  abdom?nTand  he  hefdTV'""^'^'  "'  ^» 
PW  between  the  stratti.  ThTi-.  j  ,  '^  ^^  vertically  com- 
H  along  die  mid^T^fZ^^^^^.^^es,  so  cha«cS, 
Pggfrofn  near  the  m;>^dlA  "r.i:  .Li^-^™?  '«  «  coprolite  teen  b«»L 
NMS  n.  JSf.^^,"f  *"  &h,  and  it  is  not  r^;r!!?.^^ 


•fi'':'BR 


»<v:    o  ^''  HJiaaie  of  the  fish     ,Tk«~.  • "» ~  ^"«racieri«»c, 

|^,fleaMhe.middte^t&^|^i;^^  ^oproKte  «een  pr^ 

KCfedorcanght.    Thel^v  J3!.?k      ""^  '**^o«  the  fifth 
KiS>»  **«^  .QbJJ^^^**^-'^<^"'^es  over  the  co,ii«|£ 

P^L^^i^  ^^*di«»eto.  of  its  body  long;  ^M^ 


i46 


^:  B.  Dor*  IM. 


i      • '  <■* 

* 

1 

« 

i 
f 

;!*:  J  ♦ 


incbes  long ;  head  in  form,  of  equilateral  spherical  triangle ;  gills  open; 
back  of  head  beautifully  marked  by  tuberculations,  or  strise  and  dot*; 
dorsal  scales  oval-shaped  and  striated,  the  most  pointed  part  of  the 
gcale  bf  ing  towards  Ae  tail ;  they  run  along  the  entire  back  to  the  tail,  i 
excepting  ift  the  pl^^^^^^  ^^^  dorsal  fin  is  compressed;  scales  of 
body  serrated  onJvmHBqr  margins,  and  striated  parallel  with  their 
upper  and  lower  Idges,  and  wavy  in  middle.  I  am  disposed  to  regard 
this  individual  as  belonging  to  the  same  species  as  the  one  before  de- 
scribed. 

"Fig.  2,  2  iw.— rFigure  7  represents  a  lower  jaw  of  a  Palaeoniscoi 
from  the  Albert  v^&b.  It  is  interesting  as  showing  the  mode  of  denti- 
tion of  these  ancient  fishes;  the  teeth ^ are  here  seen  to  be  in  a  line  fixed! 
in  regular  sockets  in  the  jaw,  lilse  those  of  salmon ;  the  jaw  is  beautifullyl 
marked  with  JittW  raised  dots,  visible  under  an  ordinary  lens;  ihete^j 
Ajagree  with  those  M)served  by  Sir  Philip  M.  de  Egerton.  (See  Quarterijl 
■Jour.  Geol.  Soc.,  Londl,  1849.)  I 

"Fig.  8. — This  specimen  was  discovered  by  me  in  the  shale  of  tiiej 
new  shaft  of  thej  Albert  mines.    It  is  peculiarly  interestii)g  on  accou 
of  tWehtice  preijervation  of  its  abdominal  fin,  and  also  on  account  ( 
its  associaticHi  w  ith  a  coprolite  which  seems  to  have  belonged  to  "^ 
i^ividual. 

"Description:]  Fish,  entire;  length,  3tV  inches;  width  of  the  bodj, 
tV  of  an  inch;  length  of  the  head,  equal  to  the  greatest  width  of  i 
body;  fish,  four/ diameters  of  its  body  in  length;  fins,  one  dorsal, t, 
posite  anal,  situated  in  the  posterior,  third  of  body;  anal  fin  litde  largi 
than  dorsal;  abdominal  fin  small,  situated  a  little  in  advance  of  tL 
middle  of  the  body  of  the  fish ;  pectoral  fin  a  little  larger  than  abdotninall 
scales,  large  and  brilliant,  having  a  %ht-brown  color  striated  par"^ 
to  anterior  margins  transversely,  and  longitudinally  m  middle,  but  I 
than  on  anterior  margins ;  tail,  more  regular  than  the  before  descr 
species,  but  still  unequal;  has  scales  in  upper  division.    Thiaq] 
men  also  presents  another  curious  feature;  its  tail  hieiving  been  amp 
tated  by  a  shift  of  the  strata,  and  the  fracture  being  policed  i 
recemented  a  little  out  of  place.    Head  more  acute  than  nojofi 
Jbefinre-describecl  species,  and  very  perfectly  preserved,  having  the  f 
markings  of  the  gill  covers  and  the  striss  and  markings  distinct,  r 
also  what  aspears  to  be  the  impression  of  the  tongue  of  the  fish. , " 
orbitajr  rin^s  also  preserved,  and  is  a  horn-like  circle,  or  ring^ 
with  bituimnous  shale  or  clay^    A  coprolite  under  the  abdomen  oft 
fish  is  a  cylindrical  mass,  rounded  ^t  each  end,  tV  of  an  inch  fcr 
and  -ft  of  an  inch  in  diameter.    It  is  of  an  ash-^ray  color,  and  inclu 
what  appear  to  be  small  black  scales  of  fishes." 

De$cripHon»  of  tke  acaht  <f  fmii  JUha  ftom  the  Alhert  coahMU, 

analynt  qf'^th^  »cale$. 

r,1SKtynDf  ihe  fiAr 


ganoidi^h-scales  in  the  rocks,  it  is  as  easy  to  identify  them  m  if  j 
fish  were  still  living;  for  the  substance  of  a  ganoid  fish^le  Mwj 
nature  of  bone,  as  will  be  shown  by  the  Mowing  analysis  of  w  f^ 
of  PaUoniscw,  from  the  Albert  coal-mines:  0.62  gramme  of  the) 


H.   Doc.  136. 


547 


JlfDin  tHe  middle  of  th*>  hr^.^  r  ,  *  ^^"^ 

U.  gave  .he  ftllti^^f,.!^  «»»  "''•  '•  %•  ^O  ~b.,-.w  .„ 
I  Aoiouu  matter  • 

Carbonate  of  lime »-v.(V0800 

Phosphoric  acid     "  ■  **'  '-0.0980 

Lime. * ^-2462  >.,.       , 

". 0.1234  S^Whate  of  lime  and  of 

0.0623  )      niagnesia,  0.4309 

0.0040 


Silica. .. . . 


0.6139 


By  analysia  of  another  nortion  n7^ 

"J^which  i,  separated  b^anaLt  inK"'"  "^  ^"'"^^  "tatter  is  ni- 
•  two  determinations,  was  fnn^T  i"  °  *^  ^'^^^  of  ammonia!    -rk" 
.iTof  Sf  nitrogenr;Se tet  b^Vjf-  ^^'^^  P- c^l^t,  aJd  S^ 
«.«  of  nitrogen  m  fibrine  and  albZln         ^'  """^•'  ^'^''^^  is  the 

'wirich  it  iB  attoS toVh^l     ''•  ^.^  «^«^8  ^e  ardculatL^^n    '■°™ 
>&h     Tu   "-f  *-V®"  "^  tne  lower  edffe  nf  th^  „    ""J^umung  process 

£•    ^^.  «?^wns  of  the  scale  3  ?L  ^  '"^^^  ^^^^  above  it  on 
%.  are  distinctly  shown      a       '      "  ^^^  serraUoos  of  its  nVli* 

ri  fins  of  Se  4fa  g^iup  ofThTr  r  ?"^  ""^  '^'  ^'cre  Stage's" 
r  c «  a  broad  scale  from^tr?ower  '^^^^^^  ^«  «««"  in  sSaWn 

Marged  views  of  them  «Ve  a  full  .f  1  ^'^  ^.°^^'  «^  t'^e  dorsal  fin 
^We  been  mistaken  noTunfreql^S'f  "f^^^^  '^'^'  ^'^"elure: 
«^  some  resemblance  trSTif/°V^«''''.«nce  the  larl; 
Jfi*J«»' teeth,    C  i^presen^a  sScL°n  P^^'''  fi«^^«' an/'o  ' 


r^the  American  gar-pike     3   of     4 "/'^  ^^^'  bony  scales- 
'^divmoM  auffice  for  mof,t^„^'\.     .       _ 


I  ^    "*"***■'*  W  ^e^  and  part  of  the.bodfjro^- 

r  . .  v3i..'    •  •  •        '    -    ' 


nry 


'IB. 


''  I' 

♦1  ■ 


I 


;* 


pvvs-'^'!: 


c4 


546 


H.  Doc.  186. 


large  fish  of  the  genus  PalaonUctu.    It  appears  to  belong  to  the  same 
species  with  fig.  4  of  same  plate,  and  fig.  1  of  plate  II. 

Etescription :  Width  of  body  of  fish,  3  inches ;  length,  probably  from 
IS  to  18  inches;  head,  strong,  firm,  and  more  bony  than  usual  with 
fi8he8.of  this  group;  length,  from  2 J  to  3  inches;  width,  8  inches;  gill. 
plates  distintt,  but  crushed  together,  so  that  they  cannot  be  disced, 
since  they  adhere  firmly  togeUier;  pectoral  fin,  short,  strong,  and  has  a 
rounded  and  heavy  shoulder  of  great  strength,  covered  with  a  long 
.armor,  striated  obliquely  backwards  ^d  downwards.  Other  fins  were 
broken  from  the  specimen  before  I  received  it  and  lost;  but  those  want- 
ing are  seen  on  fig.  4  of  this  plate,  and  fig.  1  of  PI.  II.  Prints  of  five 
dTthe  great  dorsal  scales  distinct  in  the  rock — scales  broken  off 
Scales  of  body  perfect,  serrated,  and  distinctly  striated  with  \*aTy 
lines  horizontally,  and  slightly  curving  towards  the  posterior  upper 
angle  of  scale.  A  marked  swelling  in  the  place  of  the  stomach  shows 
that  the  organ  is  filled  ivith  the  food  of  the  fish.  Color  of  the  fish  ligbtl 
clove  brown,  or  a  little  more  inclined  to  cinnamon  brown 

This  fish  I  propose  to  name  in  honor  of  the  enterprising  prqectorol 
the  mine,  who  presented  me  with  the  specimen:  Palaoniscut  Mlim 
in  honor  of  Edward  Allison,  esq.,  of  St.  John. 

List  of  the  fossil  'plants  found  in  the  shales  of  the  Albert  coal^m. 

The  fossil  fishes  already  described  belong  to  the  genera  known  I 
characterize  the  coal  formations  of  Europe;  but,  as  might  be  exper" 
from  other  analogous  facts,  the  American  species  are  not  identical  i 
any  known  in  the  Old  World,  though  they  closely  resemble  tl 
They  are  of  the  same  genus,  but  of  new  and  before  undescrih 

species. 

The  plants  found  associated  with  these  fishes  concur  in  proving! 
formation  at  the  Albert  mine  to  be  in  the  true  coal  seriq||andthMi 
at  rest  those  doubts  which  were  hastily  expressed  by  otM  geolo^ 
who  made  a  cursory  examination  of  tms  mine,  and  who  knew  not 
facts  contained  in  this  paper.  , 

Plate  III,  Figs.  1  and  2  represent  a  specimen  of  Lepidodeitim, 
alogous  to  the  L.  Gracile  of  Ad.  Brogniart,  though  not  identical  " 
that  species.    Figs.  3  and  3  6m  represent  the  fi^it  of  the  Lfepidadm 
or  L^idostrobusy  found  in  the  shale  of  this  mine.    Figs.  4,  8,  ani 
represent  a  plant  about  which  some  doubt  still  exists,  but  which  « 
supposed  to  be  some  species  of  SpheraMtra;  but  it  differs  from' 
plant  in  several  respects,  as  will  be  discdvered  on  comparing  itj 
the  plate  in  the  work  of  Lindley  and  Button.    Figs.  6  and  7  are  bi 
flag-like  leaves,  supposed  to  belong  to  the  palm  tribe.    Fig.  9  u  i 
common  cabmiie  of  the  coal  formation,  and  was  found  in  the  f 
sandstone  below  the  coal-bed  at  the  Albert  mine.    These  plantt 
similar  to  those  found  in  the  coal-iaines  of  Ndva  Scotia  and  on 
i»artrbr¥e#Fi^wiclt,lKd  are  Tike  tr^^ 
piines  at'  Mansfield,  Massachusetts,  and  in  the  semi-bitunnitt&w 
mines  of  Maryland  and  of  Virginia.    Figs.  4,  5,  and  8  'ep^T J 
oiUy  plant  that  I  have  not  before  discovered  m  oor  eoal  wrman 
Thu  plant  i«  evidently  a  wcculettt  annual,  as  evinced  by  it« 


*  »o^  186. 


I  torted  and  droopinff  Rtfm  »«-i  ^  ^® 

I  n.*n™irtg  i,  „  ^,^„„,  ,  «^'  *" «  '■"alternate 

Ovboa 

Hydrogen...!' 

Oxygen  atd  a  litd^Vi^;,;--— -"'''Ill 


Total. 
Tfe  coal  yields.. 

Do ; 


Total. 


75.8 

7.6 

17.2 

- 100.0 

•j^        do.      of  coke. 
100 


I  the  coke  leaves  0  47  np 

ay,,  and  cements  closelv   ;f^^"!l/°^  '"^^  ^hes.     The  on«]  *.  i 

»;  but  the  dwcovery  of  ora»n^  ^"PPose  that  «  was  a  kind  Ji§L 
fete  £™T?'  Po-l-ofSr^e    Xr*l\"'*  ">»« 

4gncuhitral  Resources  of  Ar««  n_ 

["WW  the  rock,  which  have  h»  .1.:  j 

tter"°f  '^  «-«  0f7£  p^*°^f^f°S'~"io".  produced  .he  / 


_JicaI  coBajdertuJofm  im  -i i-i ' 


i 


650 


R  Doc.  186. 


■■'^j-?- 


^t»*.>  ■' 


winters  limits  the  growth  of  crops  to  a  few  months;  and  only  tho* I 
■which  are  hardy,  and  aie  adapted  to  the  climate,  can  be  raised  ad\,u».| 
tageously.  We  hav«,  then,  to  inquire  what  are  the  cropa  which  «a|i6l 
rience  has  proved  to  be  the  best  for  the  countries  in  question.  It  J 
known  that  the  northern  portions  of  America  "possess  an  exceaiivel 
climate,"*  viz:  one  of  extreme  heat  in  summer,  and  of  ffreat  cqldial 
winter.  Such  climates  produce  a  most  rapid  growth  of  vegetatkujf 
for  the  heat  of  a  summer's  sun  hurries  forward  the  processes  of  vegetibi 
growth,  and  an  early  autumn  brings  the  ripening  to  a  close.  Hjj 
which  ripen  more  slowly  in  temperate  climes,  have  to  be  gradiwUy, 
climateobefore  they^can  accommodate  themselves  talhe  short  seam 
of  the  north.  Hence  the  variety  of  zea  maize  (Indian  corn)  ^' 
grows  in  Canada  differs  in  its  habits  of  growth  from  the  southern  i 
and  ripens  where  corn  of  a  more  southern-raised  seed  would  — 
in  the  milk,  by  frost.  There  are  many  of  our  usual  plants  that ' 
this  acclimating  process  abov?  referr^  to ;  Others  we  had  not  beat  i 
to  subdue  to  our  short  seasons.  The  potato  is  much  improved  by  h 
hastened  in  its  growth  in  the  way  above  alluded  to,  and  the  provin 
'  of  New  Brunswick  and  Nova  Scotia  produce  the  best  potatoes  kiw 
Jin  this  country.  The  smaller  cereals-— such  as  oats,  rye,  barley,  a 
summer  wheat — ripen  perfectly  in  these  provinces,  and  tlie  graui  isij 
excellent  quality  and  of  remarkable  sweetness. 

Turnips  ot  every  variety  grow  well,  and  pease,  beans,  and  i 
leguminous  plants,  are  known  to  thrive  aidmirably.    In  short,  we  i 
gay,  from  observation  of  the  fact,  thatall  the  usual  culinary  ve 
which  grow  in  the  States  of  Maine  and  New  Hampshire,  thrive « 
in  the  soil  and  climate  of  the  two  provinces  we  are  describing, 
trees,  also,  with  the  exception  of  the'  peach,  (which  does  not  bew^ 
the  intense  cold  of  winter,)  produce  good  fruit  in  these  provinces. 
The  most  highly  valued  crop  among  the  farmers  of  New  Bnu» 
is  grass,  which,  with  the  least  labor,  is  the  most  profitable  crop; 
good  hay  is  not  only  required  for  keeping  of  the  stock  on  the  ferm,li 
"*  w  also  extensively  in  demand  among  tne  timber- cutters  of  the  foreat,! 
the  supply  of  food  to  their  teams  of  cattle.    Large  quantities  of  pieW 
hay,  in  buncQes,  are  jdso  exported  from  the  provinces  to  the  cities  of  ll 
United  States.    Four-  fifths  of  the  land  on  every  kurge  form  may  6e  r 
vontaffeously  laid  down  in  grass  and  be  jjept  for  mowing  land,  uni 
is  so  dd  as  to  require  to  be  taken  up  by  the  plough;  and  this  is  J 

Sadually,  so  as  to  keep  but  a  limited  portion  of  the  land  in  tilhftl 
ere  are  few  farmers  in  the  province  who  can  cultivate  more  thantki 
acEes  of  tilled  land  to  advantage,  and  therefore  they  have  to  keep  j 
rest  of  the  farm  in  grass,  which  it  is  also  advantageous  for  them  loj 
on  other  accounts,  as  above  specified.  ,       I 

.     It  is  well  known  that  little  progress  has  been  made  iaagncuhoej 
^the  provinces,  for  the  forests,  full  of  heavy  timber  trees,  tempt  ^> 
cultural  portion  of  the,,  community  to  eogage  in  the  heavier  and  r 
^mmf<^'>tf^iy»fiM»Mft  enterprises  nf  Uimher  cutting  and  wwJAg' 


the  more  civilized 


ithough  not  so  beneficial  to  the  character  of  die  p^m 
krilized  h%  of  forming,  has  its  advantages,  not  to  be  oi 


AJUUHMWr^Wi^  A^^fV^^V^^^^^^p '  ff^^^P^^^ 


5isj-r». 


H   Doc.  186. 


~^ 


5Sl 


.looked.    It  produces  a  hardv  8«t  of  «,  , 

\*^!^^^liBhmeatoftZ^ictLZ'''  ""^  «n<^o"raoe8.  to  some  ex- 

i|m«»o«  connected  with  the  bn^ni^       "''  '^^  ^"^°'"  mechaSicaJ 
I  Thus  far  the  demand  for  food  inth^' 

Jrtr  raised  on  the  soU.  J^exp^^r^  IT^:^^''  ".^^7  beyond  the 
*ar«l  produce,  save  of  potatoes^S^f  if™'"'  ?'  *"^«^  of  anj  a«i- 
«J«n.     Oats   of  supeS^r  Tuahty^e  ^LS^ ^  ^'^  fi^'"  X 
4  Md  brought  to'fioston.  whefeThev!^^  on  Prfnce  Edward 
Ifce  kinds  raised  in  the  Slates      TW^^iSf  \^her  price 
W8  can  expect  to  receive  from  th^r       ?"**»%  the  only  orain 
«t^of  flourfrom  the  uSted  Stlt  LT!!;  P"'^"^^^    '"^S 
i;  bu   there  is  now  growing  up  in  cZ^l.w  """^  *°  ^«««  P^v- 
oo  with  us  m  this  trade.  foAh!^UoTt^        •'  ^  P°^^^"^  «>•»- 
«me  quahty  as  that  of  the  mi^h^\'^%!^'^''^  ^^  ^m^ei  is  of 
I  produce  wheat  equallv  well  3    r    ^  °'^*®  of  Now  York  anJ 
In  the  course  of  S%":^;,Z:  ff  Z^"^  ^"'^'^^- 
-^•^«J,^  ^  cultivCoThe?^^  %\T"'^  ^'"  become 
•^will  gradu^y  extend  themselves  ^nn^Tr  ^P'^v^^^nts  of 
h^ne,  and  are  still  doing,  with  us    b?t  i^n^«»«"  ^bere,  as 
Ji^s  for  the  people  of  nIw  Cnswick  to  i.""^''!  ^  »«« 
of  flour  and  corn  from  the  UnkedT«t       °*'*'V?  their  chief 
u.  the  course^.!  trade,  other  prXts^?  flf:- ^'^^''^^-^y  <«» 

^t^J'"?"  ^^  ^^"^^^  forests^  mSIs  of^!^,°^  "f*  "they 
■^  m  abundance:   buadinff-otnnr^      •  j        *  *^oal  and  of  iron  thev 

.«dsaU.andma^Z^XvLl&*°"'''  «>ofi»g^8kt^^ 
kige  quantiues  as  mVbTr^nL^^^^  ^fP°^  and  can  suppl7& 

f Ifew  Brunswick  anTof  NoiKal  ^^^^"^  ^^^^^^^  provincS 

ITc.  T.  JACKSON.  M  D 
^y-  ^  the  State  of  Ma^CluX  4t. 


J'^mH-  p^  ilk' 


-■»  '1, 


T.  «', 


\; 


''  '  lit 


^  :- 


M. 


«•  1 , 


I 


^ 


*!■ 


H.  Doe.  isa. 


.^58 


N      J 


part)vii. 

NOVA  SCOTIA. 


an  •  ^-^ 

,  The  province  of  Nnvn  a»»*:.    ■      '.    . 

^•eparatea  the  watew  of  tl^  Bav  of  V  ^^^c    ^'^'^  "'^r">^  «Jip  of 
jjBdantTeighty  mile,.  '        ^^^^"^  ^^ng^h  being  about  two 

^    This  strait  is  in  ^h  aC   ^fe'^'^r*  by  the  strait  of 
^XS?-    Cape  B^ton^is  .^^  '^Z^^^^-^,  ^t 

--SS  Scotia  is  the  ; 

w«er,  impeUed  >by  tie  uSTwkid  from  ?K  """^  "^interrupted  body 
Jican  a,ntineriCirikes  ^0^^800^  t^  "T'  °^  ^^"«^  *?  th« 
^  toude  with  great  force  T  Srrier  of  fif^'^^^^  ^"^45° 
rj  of  land  ah^ady  menuWd)  bSwe^n  5i?  aS^°  ™'^^'  °"l7  Oh« 
bl  Lawrence,  seems  to  havi  eSd  ^»oh  ^'''  °^^^  ^*^Gulf 
•<»nCone  hundred  miles  in  lenXSn^  a  catastrophe,  while  a 

'.been  swaUowed  up  in  Jhe  vo^.;    ^"P^'^'  °^  ^««y  »  breadth. 

^Novaecocia  on  i. no^Jest^sf^^,  ^TJ ^^p^^  I^t^  ^f   ^ 

feotlpSc^d^^iJ^h^^^  Clt '^^  -^  ^^  ^^«  At. 
*«"ppA  the  southeasteri  sSe  oJ-  t^i^"^  '"^"^'•'  ^^e  same 
«eMh^  harbors  of  No^  sX:  on  T^a?  1"  ^^^^  ^^  ^^^^ 
W,  and  safety,  are  nprh«S«^        ,^  Atlantic  coast,  for  number 

"Stated  that  b^twte^'feSnd^^'r^^Pl"^^^^  ^ 

^cfaWe  of  receiving  sE^.^   ?  ^^P®  .^^°*'  tbei«  are  twelve 

\T^  for  mer?CLl7     ^^'"*'°"'  ^^.«>««een  others  of  suf! 

K^^^^^^^^  sho.. 

feor  ranf  varies  ftomt^t^l^  ^^^^'    Th^bretdthoftW, 


X 


ft 


>H 


1-  •     '.  (• 


1 


-jpn^ary  njcksT^  a^uneven,  aad  composed  chiefly  of  ^ 
|^«  peninsula  of  Novn  <!~v^-     •  \ 

■  «w«j  cwcKiurds  of  Its  entire  sur&ce  is 


;,;.!■ 


r 


Mi 


«.  Doc  19i. 


covered  by  ^  formation  above  ^escribed.-  The  country  is  undulatipg 
throughout,  tod  abounds  wit"h  lakes  of  all  shapes  and  sizes.  The  scenenr 
is  everywhere  beautifully  picturesque,  owing  to  the  great  variety  of  hfi 
and  dale,  and  the  numerous  rivers  and  lakes  scattered  everywhere.     I 

The  soil  ^f  Nova  Scotia  varies  greatly  in  quality ;  some  of  the  \id 
lands  are  sandy  and  poor,  while  the  tops  of  the  hills  are  frequenilyj 
highly  productive.  On  the  Atlantic  coast  the;  country  is  so  rocky  as  tof 
be  diflScult  of  cultivation;,  but  when  the  stones  are  removed,  thesoa| 
yields  •xcellent  crops.  .     ,       , 

The  portion  of  Nova  Scotia  best  adapted  to  agricultural  pursuits; 
its  northeastern  section,  which  rests  upon  the  sandstones  and  otk, 
rocks  of  the  coal  formation.  Its  most  valuable  portion  is  upon  the  Ba^ 
of  Fundy,  where  there  are  deep  and  extensive  deposites  of  rich  alluvHl 
matter,  thrown  down  by  the  action  of  the  extraordinary  tides  of  ihk 
extensive  bay.  These  deposites  have  been  reclaimed  from  the  seab]j 
means  of  dikes;  and  the  "diked  marshes,"  as  they  are  termed,  aretl 
richest  and  most  wonderfully  prolific  portions  of  British  North  Ameria 
Nothing  can  exceed  their  encfirfing  fertility  ^d  firuitfulness,  to  whid 
there  seems  no  reasonable  limit.  . 

The  highest  land  in  Nova  Scotia  is  Ardoise  hill,  which  is  odyM 
feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  _^«,— 

The  navigation  returns  of  Nova:  Scotia  present  the  following 
ments  of  the  ships  inward  and  outward  in  1849  and  1850,  as  the  r 
gate  of  all  the  ports  inithe  colony*: 


Conntries. 


Great  Britain.. 
Biitiah  colonies 
United  States . 
Foreign  States 

Total.... 


Inward  in  1849. 


ISiips. 


176 
1,770 
2,606 

287 


5,039 


Tons. 


75,843 
183,084 
859, g?4 

86,685 


485,566 


Outward  in  1849. 


Sliips. 


163 
1,930 
8,606 

102 


4,621 


Seamen:  Inward,  34,810;  outward,  32,375. 
The  following  is  a  return  of  shipping  for  1860: 


1                                                              ^ 

*    ,1  ■ 

Inward. 

Outward. 

Ships. 

T<«B. 

Ships. 

Onni  Rritafai  ....t-ttt- 

139 
1,963 

65,864 
136,998 

164 
8,164 

167 

British  eoloBlea 

TJnited  Slatei.^.-......... .... 

fordgn  States 

»,886 
SM 

'  881,940 
85,509 

Total 

5,865 

509,706 

6.IW 

an, 

BeaoM 

i:  linnid,84v 

C75{ortfu^a 

-  TJO" 

itwaid  in  1649. 

1. 

TOBI. 

83 

m 

m 
m 

7I,\ 

m 

49,1 

Outwud. 

1. 

TtM. 

164 
184 

157 

m 

m, 

H.  Doc.   136. 


666 


,   The  aggregate  value  of  the  imnort«  .  a 
Aeyears  1849  and  1850  is  thusZted:  ^  '^^'''  "^  ^^^^  Scotia  in 


Ifintt  Britain 
'gtiik  oolonie. 

North  America.:...  o^'^ 

FJiDwhArn                852,165 

„S I.''64,785 

"""•^ -     '  727,240 


@9S1,375 


480, 14qL 
24,090 
894,425 
253,980 


73,115 
1,192,605 

214,955 
1.612,575 

295,815 


$262,945 

1,179,590 

634,190 

53,595 

988,066 

238,045 

3,^M30 


te>S^  SS£r2^?^  r-"^^  o^  al,  abides 
Me  colony  oFJVova  Sco^ tS  I't  y^^^,  S^^^^^'  CSd 
p  amount  of  duty  paid  thereoa:   ^         ^^^  ^^^0'  ^^  also  the  rate 


ArtiolM. 


Am. 


'(•ok.)  v.; 

»{"q»per).. 


•":■* do... 

i;wMd) do... 

■■•:• pounda. 

"WH|2i  per  cent.... 

«*-..do 

i?— -do.... 

«-...do.... 


211 
26 
6 
159 
141 
9 
26,138 
465 
107 
241 
62,891 
183 
54,914 
8,448 
380 
1,208 
3,330 
1,291 
44 
37 
S48,540 


Value.      |K«teofJrty-rter-|Totald«ty, 


4*.  per  barrel.... 

8».percwt 

6*-. ..do " 

3»-4rf..do ; 

5f.  each 

io»..do : 

Irf.  per  pound.... 

3rf.....do , 

6».  porowt 

W.  per  pound.... 

!»•  per  barrel.... 

»»-perowt 

W.  per pound... 

2rf....,do 

8».  perowt...!.*; 

2»-6rf..do 

6».  per  pound.... 
.1«.6(/.  per  gallon. 
10».  percwt.... 
14».    -do 

14^- per  pound.. 

21  per  cent 

6*-. do 

10—  do 


49,46« 


v»V 


*  - 


'h'' 


' .  tv 


lift 
1*! 


''  r'.r^TT^ 


'I 

"H 


'i 


M6 


B.  Doe.  180» 


The  following  returns  give  an  abstract  of  the  trade  of  the  province! 
of  Nova  Scotia  during  the  year  1851: 

No.  t.— Return  shmving  the  ghips  and  tonnage  inward,  and  the  talte  > 
imports  into  the  province  of  Nova  Scotia,  during  the  year  1851. 


From  what  oountriM. 


Great  Britain 

British  North  American  colonies  . 

British  West  Indies ....■ 

United  States .-• 

Foidgn  West  Indies 

Spain 

Coloniea  of  France  and  Spun... 

FoNdgn  Europe 

Portugal 

China. 

Guernsey  and  Jersey 

St.  Pierre,  Newfoundland 

Foreign  States 


Vessels. 


Number. 


Total. 


109 

849 

1S8 

480 

179 

12 

3 

3 

2 

3 

4 

44 

12 


Tons. 


3,288 


40|  ooo 

88,613 

13,666 

209,304 

17,642 

3,497 

231 

736 

191 

487 

474 

3,183 

1,291 


Valae  of  in- 1 
poru. 


388,102 


1,0! 
«,« 

l,39(li» 

757,i 

16,111 

%i 

1,S 

13,8 

185,1 

«!.• 

1,« 


5,6B,e 


No.  2.- 


-Retum  showing  the  ships  and  tonnage  oiOward,  and  the  tdtti 
exports  from  Nova  Scotia,  during  the  year  1861.  ' 


To  what  ooontriea. 


OTBKt  Britain 

British  North  Amerieaa  oeloides . 

Britifh  West  Indies 

Qqemsey  and  Jersey 

United  States  of  America 

IVn«ign  West  Indie* 

llMUitios 

(Spain 

Ihitavia 

FWnamboeo »• 

yVKftai  EuTpp« 

BnsOs  and  ooVniM  of  Spaia . .  . 

•ovtll  Americ* 

ftwntOi  North  America 

•fcHena , 


Vessels. 


Number. 


Tons. 


TbM. 


1. 


1, 


76 

968 

386 

1 

433 

104 

2 

1 

1 

1 

9 
6 
1 

18 
7 


3,266 


40,164 

96,153 

39,414 

206 

181,212 

1Q.QU6 

469 

189 

400 

203 

407 

604 

883 

988 

419 

311,069 


Tthierfi 
porti 


tifi.4 
mi 
mi 
1^1 


ade  of  the  province! 


rd,  and  the  vain  of 

the  year 

1851. 

Value  of  iffl. 
port). 

MM. 

),968 

12,133^(11 

!,613 

IMi 

1,666 

«,« 

),304 

1,390,* 

r,64S 

7S7,a 

),497 

16,01 

231 

%i 

736 

1,9 

191 

IM 

487 

m,t 

474 

3,183 

u 

1,291 

M 

e,102 

b,SB,i 

J 

1     jI I.. 

oard,  and  the  m/wj 

w  1861. 

Tihieofi 
porti 

'oni. 

10,164 

tl«. 

16,153 

i,s«; 

0,414 

mi. 

206 

4 

11,812 

m 

10,006 

3li 

460 

1^ 

189 

% 

400 

203 

i 

407 

Mt 

604 

« 

S83 

1. 

928 

\ 

419 

11,068 

m 

A 

H-  Doc  18«.  M7 


The  various  articles  of  fho  k 

«ate  to  164,727.         ^  ^^'^  provincial  duties  amountW 


estimated 
amounting  in  the 

UnkeTiteteTrAmS^^^^^ 
nphon  and  value :  "*^^  ^^  ^^^^  were  of  the  following 


1  and  vi 


Quantity. 


-Driedcod....       M'^'^'Bchaldrong.. 

MMkeral °»671  quintals  ...      

Mum...    , 69,750  barrwle..     

JS«--:::::::::::::::  \,%'^^^  ^^i^:^ 

HcUedfith. i»*90barreb....' 

01 ■"^- 2,692  barrels .         " 


9m'SS'"'''"««^" 


<049fttoB«.. 

raipbiik". 2-*® '.:. 


■  U 


law 


13,877  bushels.. 
J, 385  boshels. 

fiCir 


Value. 


♦146,180 
13,800 
290,225 
46,845 
62,140 
3,875 
16,406 
11,715 
12,840 
28,145 
6,860 
2,615 
2,660 
1,680 
1,746 
2,040 
88,875 
17,930 

•766,046 


£^&rohr9Ji^t'en^^^^^^^  ^"!T^-  ves;;i;:7f 
fNovaSebtia,  of  which  nuXr9Tvlli'"Tf^  ^"  '^^  ™ou« 

"^jforei^ ports.  '  '^^  "•«  remaining  15  took 

^tott  "*'•  »W».  M  thus  staled:  2,791  veweC 

*SHM«,«iidofFiuta]  ' 7^ 


«j.t'  • 


B9S 


Ife^^od.  ISd! 


The  number  of  vessels  employed  in  the  fisheries  of  Nova  Scotia  ml 
1851  was  812,  of  the  burden  of  48,333  tons,  manned  by  3,681  mpn.[ 
The  number  of  boats  engaged  was  6,161,  manned  by  ,6,713  men.  Thel 
number  of  nets  and  seines  employed  was  30,164.  The  catch  of  the| 
season  was  as  IJbllows : 

Dry  fish  . -• -* 196,434  quintals. 

Salmon. --•-       1.669  barrels. 

Shad... -       3,636       " 

Mackerel - 100.0*7       » 

Herrings..: 63,200       •• 

Alewives ■       ^'343      " 

Smoked  herring 15,409  boxes. 

^  The  total  value  of , the  above  products  of  the  fisheries  is  stated  i 
$869,080;  to  which  must  be  added  189,260  gallons  of  fish-oil,  valua 
at  $71,016;  The  total  value  of  the  fisheries  undoubtedly  greatly  e:^ 
ceeds  a  million  of  dollars. 

The  census  taken  in  this  province  during  the  past  year,  (1851)  givd 
'  the  total  population  at  276,117  souls.    In  this  total  are  included  m 
Indians,  and  4,908  colored  persons. 

The  number  of  burths  in  1860  was  8,120;  the  number  of  d« 
2,802;  of  marriages  l,7J.O. 

It  appears  that  there  are  in  the  provmce  1,096  schools,  with  ana 
gregaie  of  31,364  scholars. 

The  religious  denominations  are  thus  classed : 

Church  of  England 36,482 

,     Roman  Catholics 69,634 

Presbyterians — ^Kirk  of  Scotland 18,867 

Presbytery  of  Nova  Scotia 28,767 

Free  Church  of  Scotland 25,280 

Baptists --•-•  42,243 

Methodists 23,696 

Congregationalists 2,639 

Universalists •  -. ^^0 

Lutherans i ^>^°l 

Sandinians. ^"^ 


Quakers. 


188 

Other  denominations • ^''^^ 

I'be  whple  number  of  churches  in  the  province  is  667.    The  nu 
of  inhabited  houses  is  stated  at  41,463 ;  of  uninhabited  houses  2,8 
of  houses  building  2,347 ;  of  stores,  bams,  and  out-houses,  62,758. 

The  probable  value  of  real  estate  is  stated  by  the  census  -*"• 
$3a;30^698. 

It  appears  that  there  are  in  Nova  Scotia  no  less  than  40,012  kp 
diked  land.  This  is  chiefly  on  the  upper  part  of  the  Bay  oHu 
and  is  celebrated  for  Its  enduring  f&tifitir.'  iris  estimatedTB-ww 
on  the  average,  about  $60  per  acre.  The  quantity  of  unproved  up 
is  stated  at  799,910  acres. 


'f-  l>oc.    136. 


Neat  cattle 

Milch  cows . .      ' ' • 

f^p '^^'^. ■-•.^"^! 

Swine 

I  ■ !';;; 

The  gram  and  other  crons  In  ifi/;n 

Wheat P'' '°  ^S^O,  were  as  follows 

Barley V.  V.'. '. '. "  '* bushels . . 

Hye...... do 


m 


,%i 


/ 


28,789 
156,857 

86,856 
282,180 

51,533 


Backwheat 

Indian  com. .  _ 


Bad  beans....'/,,"/' 


Potatoes \\ 

Turnips 

Olher  roots . , 


•  ■  do 

-----do 

do 

do. . .. 

■ .  .tons 

•  -.bushels.. 

do.... 

do.... 

-do 

.do. 


297,167 
196,097 
61,438 
1,384,437. 
170,301 
.37,475 
287,837 
21,638 
3,686 
1,986,789 
467,127 
32,325 


-.^  products  of  the  dairy,  '^  Vsso *    ^'^^^ 

fe  and  652.069  pounVo/^£r  ^^^^'  ''  ^'^^^.^90  pounds 

V  There  ar'e  ^^m'tLmm^^Z'-T'''''  "^^^^  empLy  1  786 
^  brides.  10  steam-miliror^aSonV  "'S^^^^^^      *^7  ^^^'     Se  ' 
Iming  and  weaving  esU  ishm^s  \f u",  ^""".^"««'  ^  foundrts? 

JlWchaJdrons?^  TheTe  w:^1"  JlP^^n^^^      1850,  is  stated 
IT^  "^"T  °^^i°««  of  htiZ'TJ/^'^f^"^^  burned  ^ 

THB  PORT  OF  HAUPAI. 

[•'-^y  open  to  the  AtLtic  ir  P^"'"!"''*  of  Nova  Scotia!  aJd 
^/^m  J£  AUantic  th^ha^^  "^'''S^?^"  "  but  rarely  im-TcS' 
»^m  a  beautiful  ife^««°^  inland  for  fiffeenffi^ 

[^  water's  edgeT  iS  letfh f"''^  °*  ?  ^'»'  ^^ich  ri^sVaSX 

^«  «ule,  with  wide  8ti3„nL^°'^  "^r  *^°  «"e«.  anffiSf 

,  *w  «t»«eto  ciOMujg  each  other  «  right^xiX^ 


'/ 
< 


'"'>-: 


Tin 


I;. 


H;  Dpo.  IM 


As  the  port  at  which  the  Cunard  mail-steamcrs  touco.  o«  theirj 
vov^Mo  W  from  Europe,  and  as  the  proposed  tenmnos  pf  the  p^ 
3X  from  Quebec  to^Oie  Atlantic,  .in  connexion  with  those 
Sher  steers.  Halifax  bids  feir  ^  become  a  place  of  very  cons.d 

^tl^^aT^^L^ 'profit,  trade  and  commej^at  the^ 
time  wi5  be  best  understood  by  the  tables  which  fo»t>W 

The  vdue  of  imports  and  exports  at  the  port  of  Ha^ax.  m  1860,  J 
thus  stated :  / 


Countries. 


Yalue  of  im- 
pel 


Great  Britrin....  ".•-;•-• 

(WertlnUei •• 

Bridah  *>loii«i<  Britidi  North  America ^ 

(  Other  ooloniei 1,109,000 

United  State*  of  America 967,990 

Foreign  State* •— - 


$1,675,150 

,786 

935,300 

48,275 


Total 


4,060,400 


Yahworal 
potto. 


IB,?! 
790,  y 

16,i 


1,6(3.1 


The  ships  mward  and  outward,  in  1860,  are  thus  staled: 


Coontriei. 


Great  Britain... 
British  ookHdes. 
United  States  .. 
Foreign  States.. 


Total. 


Inward. 


Sdling  vessels. 


No. 


61 
667 
858 
174 


1,081 


Tons. 


88,906 
36,619 
87,618 
18,081 


Steam  Teaseto. 


No. 


36 
43 
36 


Tons. 


Outward. 


Sailing  TMsels. 


No. 


Tons. 


111,904       113 


94,834 

7,798 
38,768 


65,400 


17 
674 
160 


908 


2,878 
51,659 
19,273 
10,406 


84,218 


SteuBT 


No. 


110 


>•-  ■--'' 


Wm' 


r"» 

150 

m,i 

785 

W),l 

300 

1M,1 

275 

18*1 

000 

4«,l 

990 

187,1 

400 

IM 

tatec 

1: 

Oati 

irari 

Mieb. 

SteuBTW 

roDi. 

No. 

in 

8,878 

88 

« 

1,659 

43 

( 

9,373 

Vi 

s 

0,408 

.... 

— 

4,818 

110 

J 

M*  DogI  136. 


descriptions  of  merchan- 
States  m  the  year  1850, 


41e  and  porter 

'Ticultural  implements." 

icon  and  hams 

-■ef  and  pork '..," 

wksand  stationery.'."* 
ians  and  pease. . . 

Mjr *"■" 

— IS 

and  biscuit.. 


putter 

ng  fluid ■ 

'  •  •  •  "'ii  •  ■    •    ■    » 

I  meal 

% 

tton  manufactures 


--V- 


■•• 


■---•''-.., 


Tigs  and  medicines 
« flour........ 

I  flour 

^i"^  fruit .*].\" 

fruit. 

re 


«r 

«r  manufactures. 


ow.. 


[«nd  pitch. 


at         

,, 

»«8 


Total. 


$565 
135 
485 
36,170 
23,670 
715 
395 
4,460 
25,505 
3,270 
1,040 
5,280 
21,400 
93,660 
17,085 
54,630 
2,755 
7,640 
6,620 
10,070 
224,050 
77,449 
7,370 
1,410 
3,255 
30,420 
4,316 
4,916  ' 
7,180 
9,990 
2,386 
2,490 
lli070 
1,020 

1,466 
4,780 
6,4S6 
76,78g  ^ 


1,406 
23,936 
106,270 

938,985 


:i 


»«■ 


/dS^&p^v  rf.  ,  ,^.' 


■a*  r-*',  1  ^ 


Thefollowin, 
which  entere( 
also  the  value 
foreign.  Thi 
of  Halifax,  aj 


From  what  cou 


Giwt  Britain 

I  BritMhN.  American 
Britiik  Wert  Indies 
CnitedStatea... 
ft-Kerre .."■■ 

Foreign  Wert  Indies" 
JSpiiii 

JRrfiijai.... ;;;;;;• 

tlmnn 

IHoDjKooff 

IVriico 

Total 


I  Besides  its  stapl 

*n^a  Scotia  also  s( 
,  wuscoal. 

[A  notice  of  the  ai 
^y 'ormer  report  u 
"Senate;  but  son 

.«ient,in  order  to; 
Pova  Scotk. 

pe  coal  mines  at 
F  in  number.    Th 

\^  The  Albion  ir 

15.  The  Cumberi 
me  mines  near  J 

Prn  extremity  oft 
'"/o'^Scotii    I 

'Ithirff-three  f 


JUtH 


;^  onl 


,f«  valuable  foi 

onaequence  of  a 
'  leet,  over  all  tl 


*•   Doc.  186. 


Ciwt  Britain 

J  Brituh  N.  American  coloni»« 

British  Wert  Jndie*'* 

J  IWtedStatei..         

|8t.P!erre 

Fweign  Wert  Indies'" 

JSpun 

llWtupU... 

Ji»re« 

IHrajKoog. 
llfMico 


Total. 


f  193, 255 

19,165 

1,450 

938,985 

29.-555 

20,600 

2,470 

48,45^ 

5,550 


1.846,535 


Jl.  676, 350 

%**940,875 

^     46,525 

938,985 

687,680 

29,555 

20,600 

2,470 

48,425 


y^e  Coal  Trade. 


.Besides  its  staple  evnnrf      •• 

«^^  Scotia  also  send7abJ^r"^  ^'^'^  ^he  fisheries    th 

7u8coal.  ^^"^ad  a  very  considSe  '  L.P''^''^^^  o^ 

A  notice  of  the  abundant  m,n      ,  ^        '^  °^  ^""- 


Niv2uSfo7f^^«  feet  is  fit  SSrtfn""  ^*  **^««^ 


564 


H.   l>oc.  186. 


The  aventge  cost  of  mining  coals  here  is  thnty  cents  per  chaldron, 
the  various  expenses  of  the  mines,  engines,  &c.,  increase  the  cost  of 
coals  at  the  pit  mouth  to  sixty-two  and  a  hall"  cents  per  Ion.  The  cost 
of  screwing,  transporting  to  the  loading-ground  by  railway— a  distance 
of  nine  miles — with  other  incidental  charges,  adds  seventy-five  cenu 
per  ton  to  the  cost  of  the  coals.  .  ,     *, 

The  shipping  season  commences  at  Pjctou  about  the  first  of  Mav, 
and  continues  until  the  middle  of  November,  after  which  the  nortliefn 
harbors  of  Nova  Scotia  are  frozen  Up. 

At  Pictou,  coals  are  deUyered  by  the  sihgle  cargo,  at  three  (lollars 
and  thirty  cents  per  chaldron.  Purchasers  of  one  thousand  chnlilrons, 
or  more,  obtain  a  deduction  of  thhty  cents  per  chaldron.  Tlie  slack, 
or  fine  coal,  is  delivered  on  board  at  one  dollar  and  a  Imlf  per  chat 
dron,  with  a  discount' of  three  per  cent,  for  cash  payrilent. 

The  average  weight, of  a  chaldron  of  Piclou  coals  is  3,456  pounds. 
The  average  required  m  the  United  States  is  2,940  pounds  the  chal- 
dron. ^  y  ^. 

One  hundred  chaldrons  of  coals,  Pictou  measure,  are  equal  to  IJI 
chaldrons,  Boston  measure.  The  usual  freight  from  Pictou  to  Boston 
is  $2  75  per  chaldron,  Boston  measure. 

Pictou  is  in  latitude  45°  41'  north;  longitude  62°  40'  \vcst;ri« 
andfalloftide4lo6  feet.  .  ^ 

The  Sydney  coal  field  occupies  the  southeast  portion  of  the  is 
t)f  Cape  Breton,  and  is  estimated  to  contain  two  hundred  and  fi 
*  miles  of  workable  coal.  The  thickness  of  the  coal-bed  \tt)rkeil 
Sydney  is  six  feet.  It  is  delivered  on  board  vessels,  after  being  ti 
ported  three  miles  by  railway,  to  the  loading-ground,  at  S3  60 , 
chaldron,  with  the  same  deduction  to  large  purchasers  as  at  Picl 
This  coal,  as  a  domestic  fuel,  is  accounted  equal  to  the  best  Newer  ^ 
it  is  soft,  close-burning,  and  highly  bituminous. 

The  Bridgeport  mines  are  fifteen  miles  from  Sydney.    The 
«eain  at  Ae^  mines  is  nine  feet  thick,  aq^  contains  two  tliinpa.^ 
of  shajle.    The  coal  is  of  excellent  quality,  of  the  same  desfcription 
mt  Sydney,  and  not  at  all  inferior. 

The  coals  from  Cape  Breton  overrun  the  Boston  measure  fit^lS 
20  per  cent.  ^F » 


wfcich  is  eqt 
Boatoo  is  $9 
percent,  ad 
to  16  77  per 
cent. »  and  c( 
^f^  by  act 
ektjdrm. 

Anthracite  ( 

fiur  to  become 

of  which  has  i 

fcr  steamboats 

I  ades,  the  consi 

Icofanies,  and  & 

IbtM^foad  more 

J   The  foUowin 

|%edtathe  \ 

|«  toe  years  184 


Tain. 

jCout 

[5f,  foregoing  « 
T«  a^ent  for  , 

"off  about  tWve 


Sydney  is  in  latitude  46°  18'  north;  longitMe  G0°  y  west; 
and  fall  of  tide  6  feet.  r^ 

The  Cumberland  coal  mines  are  on  the  coast  of  Clngnector 
forms  the  northeastern  termination  of  the  Bay  of  Fundy.    These 
have  been  but  recently  opened.    The  seam  worked  is  abojit  fiwr 
^  half  feet  in  thickness.    The  coal  is  bituminous,  but  is  alleged  to 
tain  more  gulphur  than  any  other  description  in  Nova  Scotia. 

The  principal  exportation  of  coals  from  Nova  Scotia  and 
Breton  is  to  porta  in  Massachusetts  and  Rhode  Island,  wj(h  a 
vquantity  to  New  York.    Many  American  vessels  in  this  trade,  j^« 
Sdh-  since  the  ehangeTg^w^mvigation  hmg^  obtain  fasights  ^«-^»^^^r^ 
gcoUa,  Newfoundland,  the  French  islands  of  St.  Peter,  Pnnce  Ed^T «««»»,  whid,  «, 
island,  and  the  New  Brunswick  ports  on  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence 
load  with  coals  as  their  return  cargo.  .      ^  ^ 

The  mean  pnoe  of  Sydney  and  Pictou  coal  foir  the  cbaldroDi 


2^«able  isla 
with  many  fi 
««d  inlets.  ^ 

jBretonisalm 
^  island, 


ibo|d,M,d 


« 


are 

With  1 


^j^^_'ijfst.,^_^',_ 


m  to  become  conoii^,^  "    <,  '"^^  «  anv  or  ^u  °  '^ 


/I    •   J¥ 


Wcton. 


IVtaL 


6.390 
6.  fill 


r™,  agent  for  »i|  ,L     ■  "^""sM  bv  il,»  u  


CAPR     l,B„ 


CAPE  BRETOIV. 


Suable    ioJonJ     •       . 

^'th  mant  fi  ^  "  ^«  shape  nearlv  »  • 


t.  D     ^  — ^°.    "v  part  of  itm'  .«♦    •*>^""^  numner 


i  ■ 


Ml;  L  I 


i:l 


'^t 


Us  interior  shore  until  it  presents  abrupt  cliffs  toward  the  Atlantic 

*^'^-'     ,.1        .«  «f  Pnne  Breton  is  estimated  at  2,000,000  of  acres: 
The  whole  area  of  Cape  melon  i,. 

it»  popukuon  somewhat  «*^^J^\^Xeton,  the  highest  land  dcg^ 

Hhe  ^outhen^  divjs.o„  ^Caj^^ 
exceed  800  feet;  ^"^^^-'^l^^'^Sinating  at  North  Ca^^f. 
bolder,  and  more  <lP"J""!"''ca^Rav  on  the  opnpsite*^ 
j.800Teet  in  ^^f^^jf,^::\^:^^^^^  T^#^  '^^"'"^ 

:^^S';ntrfnrrthe  Gulf  of  Z  river  St.,Law^e^a  pass  of 
jrreat  importance.  _     .         ,  eruption  of  the  ocean, 

ca«^d  by  some  eax«iquake  or  con^uj      ^^  gea-watcr  lake  b 

wiS  the  -u^bounda^  ^''^^'^^^a^  abopt  20  miles.    The  depth 
60  mdesm  len^h,  and  its  f^^^^^  ^  ^^  j^  everywhere  secure  and 

.  of  water  varies  frornl^  to  60  fethoms^^^         carried 'on  within  the  Broi 
uavigoble.    Seii-fishenes  of  every  kina  ^^^^  ^  ^    ^^^  ^^^^^      ^i 

^'^^r  3ft'anf  S^Snr-e  "l^en  on  this  lake  durfng  .in  J 
tities  of  cc^   -.uTlT    The  entrance  to  this  great  sea-lake  isdi- 
through  hoT^m  ^"  ^^/^^^Bo^Urdrie  island;  the  south  passage  is  2S 
vided  into  two  passages  by  ^o"^"'"  m        .u^^^  miles  wde;  ktitiil 
niiles  long  and  from  a  quarter  o^a  -^  mhree.^^  ^^^^^_ 
not  navigable  for  large  vessels  owmg  ^Ues  wide,  with  a  litf 

passage  is  26  m.les  l«Jf ' I^T^f^^f  '^^ler.    The  shores  of  ihe^e. 
Ugation,  and  aboye  60  fa^^^^^^^  ^^^  emigrants  from -« 

trances  are- settled  ^Y  ^^^^^'^g^ifries  in  boats  with  much  suca 

in  the  least  degree.  ^^ffilj&^th  the  Bras  D'Or,  iM 

•In  sever#^;th«  large  ^^J^'^M^^^oe^mm  an,!  J 
timber  ships  from  Englaiid  r^Hmmm>^'S     .r^ 


„^.,y.  --r  -    rphP  fiWlWFls^f  good  size,  and  of  e» 

distance  from  the  sea.     Ihe  fBWWiris  ^  g 


-f 


•s.^^ACdLC'^ILI^atE^l.';^' 


/ 


H.   Doc^  136; 


m 


ke|»lodoclme  from  the  time  tlmfnn.*  ,  ^ 

A  has  been  said  bv  Mr  iX  ^r    ^""'sburg.  .  "^""^ 

^&3^^^  late  sectary  to 

*^  to  our  people,  as  a  nitio,.,  than  anv  S  .PT^T "'^  ^^  '""ro 
Ms;  and  th«  d*  it.were  onge  obta  nCl  l^v  »     ''"  ^"''^'^  ^^^^^  India 
Iadapo8.tion  to  cpmm^nd  the  surrouLX'    o^„   '""!  "^A^^hing  statio^ 
Id^Amencan  navy  might  safely  c^^AZZTt^""''^^  ^^'^ta 
I  By  the  treaty  ot  Utrecht,  in  17  \  ^vl  \  "'  '^'^  ^  "rope. 

VcaUed  -L'Aeadie,'-  no^kno  ,  '  LX;^^  r"^"f  ^"^  ^'--««- 
..ck  but  reserved  to  itself  the  "Isle  Rov^r»^r"'''  '"J^'  ^^"^^  ^run,- 
ton.  In  order  to  maintain  their/  position  Am  •'"  "^f  "*'  ^^P^  ^^ 
Ibnaal  possession  of  the  harbor  of  1 1-^  '^'"''"^•«'  f'o  Frea^h  tflok 
^ml72a.ommenced  there  d[eli:^^t^^  after  thi.  tre^y, 

r^,«' r^".  knowij  and  celebrated  SS^  of  the  fortress  of  that 
M  nation  expended  thirty  miSn"  of  £,  ^P""  ^'"'f  ^-rh:es8  the 

r  T  J' 7^'  capturecf  in  the  mo  t  Jnll'":''' ''^'^  ^^'"S^  ««™  « 
kner  by  Uie  forces-  of  New  EnManH  Si?  1  ^"'^'^^t^-'^crdinaiy 
[ranee  by  the  treaty  of  Aix-la-Chnpelle       mt^'-^"'  '^"^  restomdS 

was  recaptured  by  the  British  amlV.!?  •  i  /  '  '"  '^'unkfor  Madras 
ttreatyofl763.b;  which  Ihe  F  '  Lfce  uTil  V^'^'^  ^^  «^' 
ian  possessions  to  England,  the  RriW«jf  ^  '"'"  *''^""  ^"r*  ^mer- 

Ufications  of  LouisbSrg,  at  an  ovn      -^^^"•^ent  demolished  t4 

^t  feu  into  the  hands  ol-^leho^tlTwer  's''"''^  ^^-'"°  ^h^ 
fbor  of  Louisburg  has^^en  deserted^I^:  ?'"^^  ^^^"  »''«  ^amoS 
I  occupation  by  tlie  French     ,v  „!         ',  '""lo^gh  previouslv—d ,,  .;„„ 

I*  trade  and  fisheries.  ""ssels,  ol  all  sizes,  *cre  employed 

fit  remained  unde^  the  ^analmem  of  a  1     .""  '^^^  ^^"^^^  toX  " 
N  assembly  until  1820,  whfnTw./rn     "'^"'\"'  ^'^'^^^ov,  couni 
r»  ^'^^,'-«»"™«  of  trade  for  cipe  CTnT^  '"  ^°^^  Scotia. 
Ijfor  Nova  Scotia,  it  is  now  difLuKo   'S  "    ^'"^^  '"'^^^  "R^^*^ 
4e  value  of  its  products  annud?^         ''^'"'"  ^"  accurate  account 

pSr.'^^^^  ^^^  of^6ape  Breton.in  1847  and  1848, 

47.— Dried  cod. 

Scalefish,  dried* 

Pickled  fish—        •--:-- 

Mackerel \^ 

Herrings  . . \\\ 

Salmon...' \ 

Other  pickl^'fiah."." 

Uslrino' 


.41,364  quintals". 
-14,948      « 


S^-skins 


ofaTESat: 


....17,300  barrels. 

2,985        » 

335        « 

12,399      -  «« 


— -....^.i.  12, 100  inmia5Bgf7 
/  415  tuns. 


'«.^™lue  of  U.efi«g™g„,eles™s, 302.6,6.     7-  4fJip#li| 


i'ilSSisiiia-S' 


Ep  '** 


^  H*  Doc.  latr*       ^  * 

iftifl— Dried  cod - • 32,668  quintak 

•  ^^'^^^t dried •-  «.^83      " 

MacKerei 

H?""f :.  :     296    .. 

Salmon iqqco        u 

Other  pickled  fish 18'862        " 

o    1   1  •  »  2,200  in  number. 

Seal-skins R>iq  ♦.,,.. 

OU  of  all  kinds ^*3^»'^»- 

The  value  of  the  above  estimated  at  $282,772. 

There  is  reason  to  beUeve,  however,  that  the  above  gives  but  i 
imS-ectidraoTtli  extent  of  the  fisheries  at  Cape  Breton.    It  h 
SS  alcerSed  that,  from  the  portion  of  this  island  within  the  strait 
Sf  CaXSloWiig  quantities  offish  were  exported  in  the  year 

860: 

codfi^b- ::::1;?r„ra^]r 

Herrings J^  ann 

Spring  mackerel.., -61.600       ,, 

Fall  mackerel •  r'  7.«70 

" '  No  returns  can  be  procured  from  the  northern  and  western  porda 
of  Ais  SK  t^  fish  caught  near  which  being  generaUy  earned  Arj 
to  SrUm  the  fishinl-grounds  by  the  fi«l»«^'^^"  the^nselv^^' ^^ 
out  reference  to  any  custonT-house.  It  has  been  ascertained,  howeva 
on  gSd  auAority,  that  the  quantity  of  herrings  and  nmckere  cjt 
anl^d  at  Cheticamp,  (the  western  extremity  of  Cape  Breton,)  dor 
Ae^iawn  of  1661,  wJs  not  less  thaB  100,000  barrels. 

ItTXged  that'the  banks  in  the  vicinity  of  Cape  Breton  arethi 
covered  with  sheU-fish,  and  consequently  are  the  best  feeding-gro^ 
for  cod  found  anywhere  in  those  seas;  hence,  also,  the  superior  qua 
of  the  cod  caught  and  cured  there.  j    uj  •. 

The  tXl  quantity  of  coals  raised  in  Cape  Breton,  and  sold  dm 

yei  1849,  Amounted  to  24,960  chaldrens  CNew^^^t^^  .^^^^K 
Wand  11,787  chaldrons  of  fine  coal;  of  this  quantity,  12,090  ch 
ronsof  the   arge  coal  and  1,210  ch^drons  of  fine  coal  were  «b 
to  ieWtedStotos  in  1849;  in  1860  the  quanUty  ^JF^  «  ^ J 
States  was  10,796  chaldrons  of  large  coal  and  1,686  chaldrons  of! 

^'ir'he  entries'and  clearances  of  trading  and  fishing  vessels  at  Cj 
Bteton  in  1860  were  as  follows : 

Inward  in  1860. 

^jt^J^^^^— ^1_^I _.: ^Jlm^.Tm.y^^ 

a^f-"'^  349 

From  England.... - '^^'^  q  i96 

From  Briush  colonies - -..-^^  f  J  io& 

From  United  States .j^^^^..-.      ^\  ^^ 

FromForeim  States .^^^irrT. »  I''*"''  j,, 

^rr---. ^ 


I 


It  Sydney^  *  *  ^g 

From  England...  v«^V     „ 

From  Pmted  States.... 216    sioj?  - 

Fmm  fo^gn  ports....:::;;; ^    lofoH 

I     ^°^- ::::••••  ^^  i,5i6 

^^l     35,348 

f^     47,661 


Whole 


number  of  vessels  inward. 


From  lArichat- 


^'^mwardinmo. 


10 Great  Britain.. 

To  British  colonies* 

Tolinitei  States... 

"reif  nutates. 

,     T.»tai. :;;- 

I  From  5 ydney-—      "'^' 
Jo  Great  Britain 
foBritisii  colonies.""" 
|o  United  States, 
p  foreigii  States. 


Vesaele.      Ton.. 


48 

14 

4 


2,961 

1,283 

633 


66 


„  ^  837 

217  20,615 

69  6,883 

48  3,712 


4,877 


feDuniber  of  y^sefe  outward. 


_339     31,591 
12^    36,468 


5.valu0  of  imports  anr?  «^  "^^^"^^ 

orts^  •     / 


mports— 

I  \^reat  [Britain.. 
hWestlfodies...:::" 
J  Bnush^orth  America 

'foreign  States.".';;;:; 


Ariehat 

«1,575 

1,355 

23,585 

16,695 

43,380 

1,355 


fydney. 
•18,335 

16,660 

13,645 
1,690 


I  ""* . 


-1 


t^  v.l6e  of  iq^^  ^ 


it- 


(>    '• 


.  ■'■■    I- 


•^/ 


't*T« 


*y 


,,.Ai.A^(^-: 


4  - 


..  J" 


Exports— w                                                                              Arichat  Sydiey. 

»  „  .     .-                                              «10,850 

To  Great  Bntaon- .  - -  - '                   $38,400  2,745 

To  British  West  Indies 38,620  119,265 

To  British  North  America g  ^^q 

To  otlier  British  colonies .., -  -     gg  335  44  .j^q 

To'  United  States -  -  -  •  "",,,.     32,475  7,200 

To  foreign  States ..  

16M80_„       184^53 

Total  value  of  exports  in  1850  >vas  $339,010.        -^^ 
'      i      kJ^vpcI  that  the  foregoing  statements  do  nol^^^  »  correct  ac- 
It  18  believed  that  tne  ^^^3*  ^  j   of  Cape  Bretftn,  as  much  13 

<;ount  of  the  whole  ^"^f  "^^^  ^i^f  ffSfS  to  and  from  which  there  is  at 
imported  and  sent  ?^V  thr9"f  Hahfax^^o  an      ^^^^  ^^^  ^^^^  ^^^  I 

""''  T:Z:iZ'Br:T^^^^^^'-  very  considerable  trade.  .J 
to  show  that  ^^ape  x>reiou  i*  nnr  country  under  a  system  o^l 

might  te  vej7  largely  increased  with  o^^'^^^'^^^^^^     needs,  and  J 
iree  interchanges  inasmuch  -  ^ape  B^^^^^^^^^  ^^^^^^  J 

always  continue  to  purchase,  many  p  paying  for  therainliie| 

could  be  increased  very  considerably. 

SABLE    ISLAND. 

TV,;*  low    sandv  island,  the  scene  of  numerous  and  melanclioJ 
Thi?  low,  sanay   ^-/^V^'  ,      f  vessels  bound  to  or  from  Ed 

rope.    It  IS  aooui  eigmv  "»^  ,     nuarter  in  width,  shap 

is^about  twenty-five  miles.  ^Y  one  mde  and  a  q^^ 

have  succeeded  very  well.  ^  ^A  n  -n    flip  wpII  known  mai 

By  observations  of  Captain  Bayfield  R.N.,  th«  well  k  own  ^^^ 


I  H.   Doc.  I3a, 

itissaid  by  Captain  Bavfielr?  J,     u  ^"^^ 

pweaherj  in  the  f™^       J*'"'"' ^"'th  a  line  "r  f     "", ™'™ '""' 
p&rfit>m  tbeeitoJ^,  "^'',*  ">"«  Awe  is  ten  r5u  ""''y  '""''era  m 

MlbrLndi^'f '  ■«  ""  ">•>  bar  in  a?"v'nZtt  »r*'«™S 
Captain  Bayfieia  L,  „  ""nutcs  after  m  vai„ 

./«tabli^,i^httoro";;rt1  "•  ^  ^--^n,  „f  ^.va  « 
,H..Ho„.»rr.  Ho!^efSdoS'<r'"y  oa.ff  """"'.P'^i-ction,  five 

fe. within eood  spm.'n  J  i-  '  ^-^^endmff  fmm  tt,„  ]„    7-        ,     Howe 

^c^tingthf^esenc"^-^!!^"^^* besides o?^^^^^^^  for  a 

5b?foSS  for  "K  ^f'  ^  P"At?oSl^^^^^^^^ 
andtmJn  Ji    "®  ^^^dy  race  which  Vhio?^'^' ^™P%ment 
r^llWodraw^  stern  nursery iould 

l^ia  that  ^n^i._„,.   ■= — ■ ^ 

"wwi  waiu  the  ipray  of  the  •«» 


I  •      > 


»ia 


III 

.Iff 
'  1  j» 


i ' 


■■^:ii^\j. 


M 


y 


TCr. 


^-  Doc.  138. 


PART    vni. 

m  ISLA^  COLONY  OP  ^ewFOUnC,,,-^^^^      . 

In  order  that  a  correct  onini.  ^^t.LUj)ING  LABRADOfi. 

(onrces  and  capabilities  nf  .k    •  ,™^^  ^^  formed  a.,  to  »i. 
L  fisheries,  ft  wmTLt:ti  ''  ^^-f-* 
Uhical.position  and  physical^7r°  ^'^^  ^  brief  nodcp  nf^^  ^^"^ 
bcnption  wiU  also  be  Zl  V  ^^^''^'"ation  of  thJ^^f  *^«  S^ 
fi olthe government  of  r  ^ ^''^  l-abrador  coast  jft^*    ^  bW 
fjewfounSland  Ssl"  h^;f  S,'°»3^.  .  ""'''  ^^^^'^  "^w  fonns 

rSt.  Lawrence.    From  cl  "T^f^^st  side  of  the  enfmn     • 
M  Fint  approaches  ^4"-<^-  '' ''  ^^P^-ted^XTuI^'^  *^  ^"" 
M>  and  noitfwest  are  tS    J'"'^""  '^^thin  about  dfiV  "'  ^"^h- 
Wed  by  the  Stra  t  o7  M.-^^"'.  °^  Labrador    fro^"^^^?^'*  Jo  ^^ 
llanticoaean.     Its  form  7     ^''^^ '  "«  eastern  S  t       T^'^^  ^t  is 
H  to  regularity   e?rh    r'''?"^^^^  ^riangSar  tu  JTr*^^^  ^3^  ^^e  ' 
kharboi^,  creeS'  anW     ""^  "'•  ^^^^«  beinrbrokpn^''^""*  ^3^  ^P- 
ithousand  mUes     l?,^  ^T^'^''    J^circVisrS  '"^""'^^rous 

^  to  Griguet  bay  is  abf ,^?  f^^' '!  ««  extreme  leS^f P^.^^^ 
jfuredonacurvefbronah..?    ^''"''  ^"ndred  and   S  ^^^P« 

Nthesea.Newfo3fand\'^^^^  ""  "^^^«' 

^  each  o£e?,  he  fo^r  ^^^^^o^-   HiuTanTv£t°^  ^  "^^^^ 

Kn>clcs.  S;rTd  oveTr^^^'-  ^^«««  at  the^^f  ^^l  ^.^^^^^ «t 
yPeamnceanTcW^;^^^^^^ 
e  different  ki'nWo^r^*     -^ois  uneven  o„,r®    .  ^iroilghness 


*.j 


■ll'f  Ui      'I 


574 


H.   Poc.  186. 


II 


ir 


k 


i 


1  -  «»,,i  a  fpW  nthpra.  are  also  found.    The  character 

S'thf  tiS  *r%S'^X  aTc^S  S  the  n^^^^^^ 
ot  the  timDer  ^^"'^b        J         j^       ^^  ^oods  have  been  undisturbedj 

■tTTc,  trerrr^h  and  height  may  he  found.     U 
by  tnc  axe,  ^^^^^^         ,      »  ojj|„  jn  gmall  groups.     Most  oi 

thTwSd  roSltd'sSd  Trowth,  consistTng;^^^^^^  of  J 
trees  from  twenty  to  thirty  fe^t  in  Jieight,  ,and  about  three  or  foJ 
trees,  \™^ J^"^;  /  These  commonly  grow  so  close  together  thattheJ 
lwt?^"dtS  's  ZeZeZm  JiZ  bottom;  and  lying  indiscrj 
n3v  ^ns^hem  are  innumerable  old  and  rotten. stumps  and  branch. 
rnew?y7a"fen  trees.  These,  with  the  young  shoots  and  brush.™ 
Srm  a  ttfoeled  and  often  impenetrable  thicket. 

eXIoS  in  the  woods,  and  covering  the  valleys  and  lower  1 
arf  foundTen  tracts,  which  are  called  "  marshes."  These  marshes, 
^t  necessaSy  low,  o^  even  level  land,  but  are  frequently  at  aconsii 
Se  helhtlove  he  sea,  and  have  often  an  undulated  surface    Th 

^casiSlv  protrudes,  covered  with  red  or  white  lichens,  and  here 
STs  a  bank,  on  which  the  moss  has  become  dry  and  yellow  I 

^e  pS  Tmall  sluggish  brooks  or  gulleys,  are  met  w.th  mj 

S^Z  ?  but  the  extreme  wetness  of  the  marshes  is  due  almost  ed 

to  the'sp^ngy  nature  of  the  moss,  the  slope  of  the  ground  bem^ 

neily  sffint  for  surface  drainage;  and  when  the  moss  .^ 

i  off  dry  ground  or  bare  rock  is  generally  found  beneath. 

Th?'^barrens;Lof  Newfoundland  are  tho^  d^f^^^^s  which 
t  Jsumrnks  ofthe  hills  and  ridges,  and  other  elevated  a«^ 

tracts     They  are  covered  with  a  thin  and  scrubby  vegetadon, . 

W  of  berr^Laring  plants  and  dwarf  bushes  of  vanous  sort^ 

pThes  oT^gS  a^d^boulders,  and  crumbUna  fragments  of  rd 
•  SequenUy  ^t  with  upon  the  »  barrens."  whicS  generally  ai.d 

"^S^:  dSrSlTctste  none  of  them  pf  any.geat  e«  ^ 
niarshes,  and  barrens  frequenUy  altemaUng  with  eax:h  otberi 

ISiE^able  ihusfTiO^oe  onnttedf  nameJrjFr^fle  in^  


lakes  of  all  sizes,  which  are  in'l^^^"!"^*  V^t^r^^^^^ 
are  found  everywhere,  over  the  whole  face  of  the  countty,  w 
Z  !Sys  but  on  the  higherlands,  and  eVenm  the  bellows  of  4( 
mitfi  of  tite  ridges,  and  the  very  tops  of  the  hills.  y 

^Zxy  ifsiie  from  pools  of  fifty  yai^  m  diamrtertoi 


fl.   Doc.  U9. 

,   Taken  in  connexion  with  .V  ''^"'"^^  ^«""'- 

total  absence  of  anvfh.n       un'^  remarkable  nhnr,  7 
first  sight  quite  anoSof/'l^,^-^ 

kct«r  of  the  country  is  ";  7  k  *''"°^^"  ^d  generalT^f  ^^f  .""^^^  ^«  at 
Eera.  Each  pondfor  smajf  r^r^"^  <=ause^orthe^h  "''"^^'"^  ^^^a^- 
5f  its  own,  down  wh^ch^^T  ''^P""«'«'  comrnunir«l  "^?  °^  ^arge 
1.  n^..st  course  To  the  a."  the"^  .^^ificTnThZ^  Zt  "  "^^^ 
rast  abundance  of  pondW^rt,  ""^'^^  ^^use,  howSr.r  i.  ^P"""*** 
illness  of  the  ex  tent  of^T?^  ^^"^^^^  scantiness  of  Ih'u^*  °^  the 
gm.t  coating  ofrJofs^W  •^''""  ^^  ^^aina^e  L    n'^"^'^^'  «»d 

^acce^ion  of  moiS/e-Lr  fr^°-^  tg'eoumry'^  '^""^  ^" 
-non  18  absorbed  by  thi^  U.         ""^  ^^'^  or  melterjT^'    P"  ^"7 

"T-d^  to  the  brinrSfer"^^'  ^'^^  ^^^nSSdji STh  '^'  '^'^ 

(f.  ^  be  given  off  fct "uUd  "^^^  ^^  b^-nVepTa^t  f^'s"'^ 
[The  quantity  of  ground  r         2'       ^'  i;  "»  m  a  reser- 

lus  vast  country,  eniml  •  ^^^^^>  by  more  than  20  nnn  "  ^^- 

llHdterll  Sir5/P""g  ice  begin^^'fo""'  usually  fe^^^  ^^ 
Jrt  human  ],fi>  *7.-     •  -y  cximate,  and  DroHf,/.;«»  i-.i^ 


' .  I 


Ryof  U,e1!'3  the  world.    But,  as  tf  in   ^  """'^  ^^nSi  and 

»«»t  of  LBb„rf„  b^^ 


676 


H.   Doc.  136. 


for  its  most  valuable  and  prolific  fisheries,  which  excite  the  enterprise 
^d  reward  the  industry  of  thousands  of  hardy  adventurers  who  annu- 
allv  visit  its  rucged  shores.  ,    .  i  ^    re      i 

In  general,  the  main  land  does  not  exceed  the  height  of  five  hundred 
feet  a!K.ve  the  level  of  the  sea,  and  is  often  much  lower,  as  are  all  the 
islands,  excepting  Great  and  Little  MecaUna.  Th^  mam  land  and , 
islands  arc  of  granitic  rock,  bare  of  trees,  exceptmg  at  the  heads  of 
bays,  where  small  spruce  and  birch  trees  are  met  with  occasionally. 
When  not  entirely  bare,  the  main  land  and  islands  are  covered  wtj, 
moss  or  scrubby  spruce  bushes;  and  there  are  many  ponds  of  dark 
bog-water,  frequented  by  water-fowl  and  flocks  of  the  Labrador  curie  J 

The  main  land  is  broken  into  inlets  and  bays,  and  fnnged  with  islands,! 
rocks,  and  ledges,  which  frequemly  rise  abruptly  to  within  a  few  feet 
of  the  surface,  from  depths  so  great  as  to  afford  no  warning  by  the  lead. 
In  some  parts,  the  islands  and  rocks  are  so  numerous  as  to  form  al 
complete  labyrinth,  in  which  nothing  but  smaU  egging  schooners  otj 

ehallops  can  find  their  way.  ,       ■    • 

But  although  the  navigation  is  everywhere  more  or  less  intncat^ 
vet  there  are  several  harbors  fit  for  large  vessels,  which  may  be  safel 
entered,  with  proper  charts  and  sailing  directions. 

The  Strait  of  Belleisle,  which  separates  Newfoundland  from  Labrj 
dor,  is  about  fifty  mUes  long,  and  twelve  broad.    It  is  deep,  but  13  r- 
considered  a  safe  passage  usually,  owing  to  the  strong  current  w 
sets  through  it,   and  the  want  of  harbors.     There  are  no  harh 
on  that  part  of  the  Newfoundland  coast  which  faces  this  strait; 
those  on  the  Labrador  coast  are  not  considered  safe,  except  the  h^^ 
near  the  northern  and  southern  extremities  of  the  strau. 

During  the  winter  months  the  resident  populaUon  of  Labrador( 
not  exc^d  eight  hundred  souls  of  European  descent.    Maiiy  oft 
white  men  have  intermarried  with  the  Indians.     The  few  widely^ 
tered  families  reside  at  the  estabUshments  for  seal  and  salmon-tish 
and  for  fur-trading.    Seals  and  salmon  are  very  plentiful;  the 
are  of  a  larger  and  better  description  than  those  taken  on  the  r 

Newfoundland.  c     v 

The  furs  of  Labrador  are  very  valuable.  There  are  lour  kin 
foxes;  with  otters,  sables,  beavers,  lynxes,  black  and  white  be 
wolves,  deer,  (caribou)  ermine,  hares,  and  several  othei'  smaU  ania 
all  bearing  fur  of  the  best  description.  The  Canadian  partridge, 
the  ptarimgan,  or  willow  grouse,  are  also'plentiful.  1 

A  number  of  small  schooners  or  shaUops,  of  about  twenty-fave 
are  employed  in  what  is  termed  the  "egging  business.'     Tiiei 
that  are  most  abundant  and  most  prized  are  those  ot  the  muir; 
the  eggs  of  puffins,  gannets,  gulls,  eider  ducks,  and  cormorants,! 
also  collected.    HaUfax  is  the  principal  market  for  these  eggs,  bull 
ihave  been  also  carried  te  Boston,  and  other  ports.    Onevesseioi 
tons  b  said  to  have  cleared^  $800  byjhis  eggmg^  business  in  a  1 
'  VgeaBon.  ""^'^     """' '    ^"'~' 


vk 


l-i4', 


^'  Boc.  ise.  ' 

L(Ifish,thatbeint/r.,  ^  *'"'■'"  "fish"  is  „,        „ 

Uf  fish  is  Zi^iri'  T^'^  "^'  ttl?sCAV"derstood  to  n^eon 

J   The  cod-fisheiyl^  eil7  "'  Particular  namp'     ^^•^^'T  other  desS 

Varthe  coast  of  the  isinn  7  '^^''""'"■•^nd,  or  nll"'^."  ^"  the  open  se, 
vefy  designated  the  "  btnf fj.^^  ''^-^e  modes  o/f^?^  «^  SS 
J  The  Grand  Bank  is  ?h.  '^^'7'"  «nd  the%?n  ^''>"g  ^e  respec?! 
lliscovered.     It  is  11  /^?  "^ost  extenW      f''''*' ^s'^eiy.'»      ^®^*- 

fccesfivedeflrees  nT*  "'^  ^"ndred  S  '"'^^'^^'••ne  eJevatinn 
titarefromTSt^V^^huncIfedmlje?^.;,      ^-ngth,  and  in  so^^f 

H  ^^'  most  of  which  srrv  ^''^  ^^ ^Qucnted  hv  ^''"^"^  i«  ffeS 
[ppalJy  of  sand  and  tho''^  ^"'^^^  ^"'  the  cod  ^  wr^'^  «^«^^  of 
i«l  are  found  in  greatest  nl  ''^"^  of  water     K   ^^''^^ '^Je  bottom 

h*    The  beS Tht f  '"'^ '  ""  ^  n^udiy  bon^°"'  ^'^^"^^  fathoC 

M,  meeting  with  th^-    "^'''^  ^^aters.  swrn.      ""'^^''*"^^'  are  sun! 

P  place  on  the  Grand  B^nkT/'T  ^^«  ^oIar"eaJ  the  influence  of 
ff««'ng  currents,  and  in  tK      ^^'''^'^^'ronceinthT'     ^'"«  meeting 
t^aporation  and  6onSen,T  ^'^"""'"P^^jStmn  7^^^^^"^^  of thf 
Pe  cod-fisbeiy  onX  r     '?'  «nd  hencelhiT^-''^^'^^'  Produces      ■ 
h^  of  >fewfoun  I J     ?'^"^  ^ank  be^an  !'  ?"tinual  fog.       ""^^ 

one  hundred  and  fi«     ^"  ^^'^^^e  yea^s  .fi7  '^PP'-^ciated  by  the 

F^s;  and  then  a  rivfir  "•  ,^^''*"  ^o  supply  the  i  -^  ^^g^ged  in 
H  ''^ench.  ifili?^ '"  the  fishery  sprTnL  ^^'"''^  ^"3  Itah'jm 
N  acts  of  Pplr  ''"Portance  to  EnXn^^  "P  between  the  En^ 

fir  these  eggs,butl\j^^^^^^^  ^^^^e.^sr^f^^j.^  F'''''' '^^"^^llenl!!''' 
,rt8.    One  vessel«,7«y  earned  twenty  gunf  ^^\'arge  vessels  en^^T^u"" 

T'^ttuchann^lt^^^c^  to  this  fis£  %^°«?^  PosTtJon^ 

H  to  the  confua"on  of^^^'^^0^  contiiS^L^^^        «°t^ith- 
Punties  on  thL  k     ^^^ated  by  ^hp  iv      ?  ^°  P^sper. 
"^^te^^eU^Jr/T^-nd^S^^^^^  of  1792. 

as^    "o^^reaU,.    In  1777,  ^C&ISotl^  W 


•*    '  : 


p»-  ■    . 

Pn;/,. 

• 

n 

It 


578 


H.   Doc^ 


seamen  were  employed  in  .he  N^foundla^d  fisheries!  bw  ,ha,  „» 

■^'FSwttTsufAe'Brii^  fishery  a.  Newrou„dl.,J  „  J 

■    d^    Tlf„  mice  ii    foreign  marltets  was  very-h.g[h.  and  llic  «jd 

Slsfe^^.rteffom  Newfo^dlond  in  1814  was  estimated  u.^lij 

'''SXfee"L''we?Km  and  southerfi'shore".  fishery  snru,,,  b. 
im^^t^ldofl■ered  wronger  m^^^^ 

T'ln  ft  •'The  r  " b^l^^rs,"as UsU  v^hieh'fish  on  the  Gn,,il 
Se^rm^,  generVly  ""rrW  twelve  men,  whose  eateh    .r  tke  ^ 
was  aW  ™e  thonind  .luimals  of  cod;  yieldmg,  olso,  nl»u.  l.„, 

"•■iteX  ttee  S?8U4he,  nritish  Newfonndland  fisheri*.Jd. 
deiUned,  owi^g  to  the  coSlitinn  whieh  spriing  up  w,tl,  tko  tm 
the^en°rnd  our  own  eife  engaged  m  I  he  busmess.  MmrfJ 
^hSr^erch^nts  of  Newfoundland  engaged  m  the  tmde,  asab^ 
bmortheprneipal  fishermen,  were  wKolly  nnnedj  and*  M 
rg^^antEority!  that  bilU  of  ^^^^^^f:^;-  *  [« 
rs^S  °  nHs"?  ■  't"'|ea"wasle  .xteSt  of  the  dep  J 

4e  BirUshfistories  "f  N-4"'!!""''' ,f ',1^  tZ  S, 
Iv!  r*.mnvP  tlie  settled  population  from  the  island,  liiis,  ftowew.j 
ir^^!dirlemv^e^y  measures  being  adopted  to  relieve  the  j 
suJe  ShSe  wTsucl  excessive  severity  mx^n  the  staple  J 

%htSntie3  granted  by  France  were  higher  even  then  than  at  j 

.Et.  „nl  that  fisherv  is  now  prosecuted  solely  by  the  yesJ 
Cce  Td  of  the  UnS  States,  u^nder  the  stimulus  olhonm^ 
ha^  ne^r  been  given  to  this  fishery  by  the  BnUsh.  .  I 

THE   SHORE   FISHERY^ 

'  .sis»':-d:rnratTC:t 

.  SSon.!"T'tL  smaUbc^u  the  fit'^iStb-^*"^' 


Tl^,  ofsucfe  of  the  fishing  grounds  as  ofler  the  gtMleSi 

""Tfeir  aver.«  cich  for  small  boats  is  from  forfy"  %j;^ 
J.SLh^asonrfor.be  ^'-J ^'^'^ ^VZ' 
buintak  per  man.    The  expense  of  the  large  Doara  is 


herlcs;  but  that  nunhBcent  beyond  that  of  rh^  ^,u  '  '  IPMk 

■      Bonlr,  and  sometimes  b,,f.'    ^^  the  smalllv.  .    . 
vfpundlmid  prospmlH  At  most  of  the  fishiW  «?"r'  '"  ''^^  ^^^ge  hm^^  ^^"^  ^  t^o  men 
rhi^h.  and  theUBi^  commences  oSfytrn  ""  ^'^«  ^^^tTlVeS/'^  f/^  "^^»-  ' 

,s  estimated  at  ncarl»  to  be  over,  for,  ulthlZfZ"'  ""1  ^^  'he  10th l?  a      ""^  ^'i«  <^ 

■jer,  the  proceeds  sometimS  VIm  ^''''P^''  co„ti„ue  i7,P\August  may  be  '. 
>"  fishery  smun.  bMrcher  employment  is  he  nnni' "  T''^  ^^"^'^  S^  ox  1'^**  n^onthsC 
r  its  pursuu  by  t1.elB%«8t- .  On  some  parts  of  ^tbe'r  'T''^  ^^^3' it?sTo?*,    ^^  ^'"'^ 
led  with  much  success  rhJ     ^,°^^^'  however  tL    ^*  ^^bandoned  in 

idsalted  on  shore    TK^ 7        '*'^"  every  iiir»I,K      l  , 

ffc  »d.fehe7  being  g,„,,^„  ,/        "^  ''"'*  °''  -"chaWblo , 
[kno  been  followed  a?,?^^  ""«  ■»«(  ccn„m  ■    ■ 

'wt  shoals  of  herrin 

'l"od  mm  ciSf^r  1?  S<^"«!J.  It  is  nf, "Z^  '°  be  about  tile 
if  «a>,  tEe pe^Z,  J^  ""■nod  out  ofX !  •  "^  ^°™« «<" 
"■^Waymigl,,  be  made.i  ^Jt  and  il» 

nr^^^ch  Would  rpn.i„5"P"  ^'i  ?»» improved  «vo»  *"  .^  «»^ 


4|--^>  '\ 


*• 'W'. 


I 


^■•:^i 


,1  ■' 


i 

•vJ 


m 


H.  Doc.  18tt. 


««  thcVoucht  to  bci  from  the  manner  in  which  they  are  spbtandi 
MtlteZ  This  bVanch  of  business,  under  better  management,  could  be 
rendered  much  more  extensive  ^wd'profatable. 

THE  MACKEREL  FISHKIIY. 

Althouch  mackerel  are  said  to  abound  on  the  southern  shores  of  NeJ 
foundlani:  as  also  north  of  Cape  Ray,  and  thence  up  to  the  Straitc^ 
Belleislcduring  the  summer- season,  yet  this  branch  of  the  hshenes, 
Elected  by  the  residents  of  the  island.     They  have  no  outEt  for  .1^ 
mS^kerel  fishery  whatever,  and  this  excellent  fish  seems  to  pa 
nerfect  impunity  on  those  coasts  ot  Newfound  and  which  il  frequem 
|oing  and  returning  as  it  pleases,  without  the  least  molestation. 

.   "j,    '"-'"^      THE  WHALE  FISHERY. 

It  is  believed  that  the  whale  fishery  might  be  much  more  extcnslveL 
nursued  from  Newfoundland  than  at  present,  particularly  on  iheweJ 
«n  coast,  and  in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  where  it  is  prosecutedi 
3  limited  extent  by  the  hardy  fishermen  of  Ga§p6,  without  competitid 

THE  SEAL  FISHERY. 

About  fifty  years  since,  the  capture  of  seals  on  the  ice  in  early  sp: 
which  is  popularly  called. "the  seal  fisliery,"  first  began  at  Newfoi 
land.     It  languished,  however,  until  1825,  since  which  it  has  H 
increasing,  year  by  year;  and  when  successful,  it^is  the  most  profial 

business  pursued  there.  ..<,,'•  r  11  ti,o  ,« 

The  mode  of  prosecuting  this  fishery  is  as  follows.   Ihe  \« 
equipped  for  the  sejil  fishery  are  from  sixty  to  one  hundred  and  eij 
^ns  eacb,  witkcrews  of  twenty-five  to  forty-five  men;  they  are  alw 
prepared  for  selM^'ith  the  necessary  equipment,  in  March  eveiyi 
Xt  that  season  th^^aaaassealing  crews  combine,  and  by  their  j 
efforts  cut  the  vessels  oS^f-^  ice,  in  which  they  have  hraiyi 
<lurinc'the  winter.    The  vessels  ;hen  proceed  to-  the  held  ice,  m 
their  way  through  the  openings  or  working  to  wmdward  ot  it,uiiUI 
>ffleet  it,  covered  with  vast  herds  of  seals.     The  anima  s  are  surii 
liy  the  "seal-hunters  while  sleeping  on  the  ice,  and  killed  eitlicr 
•firelockiJ*-  bludgeons,  the  latter  being  the  preferable  mode,  as! 
4liaturbfand  frightens  the.herd.    The  skins,  with  the  massofla^J 
.^ftn^unds  the  bodies,  are  stripped  off  together;  these  are  camedi 
-cvessels  and  packed  closely  in  the  hold.  »  „w},s' 

The  Sealing  vessels  during  storms  of  snow  and  feet,  wnicoj 
-fieaaoQ  they  must  inevitably  experience,  are  exposed  tot^Juio" 
__M9m  v^'^ftftlfi  have  been  crushed  to  pieces  by  lie  tremendowp 
"^^Stmasses  of  ice  dosing  ih  upon  them,  anrm  some  insHiro 
/SSes  have  perished.    Storms  which  occur  during  the  lugM, 
vihejiressel  is  entangled  among  heavy  ice,  are  described  as  truly 
:yet  the  hardy  Newfoundland  seal-hunter  is  ever  anxious  toco« 
^COGoiting  yet  perilous  adventure. 


'tgi-  '■ 


flf*   Doc    ltB6 

»1M  bj  the  S  o/r'T^'  '^d  'ii  but  the  ^?"^  ^"-'^^^  to  do  aa 

Miately  after  fdli^tt^r^  ^'"''^  ««^«^ 

The  fat,  or  seal-blu1,ber    1   ^^  '^*''  '"aJ^e  tv^  ,^^n,  •  ^  «"cceasfu]  in^ 

U  put  into  frame-workvm?  'T'"''^^'^^  ^Pm  U,e^[^n  '"  '*'".'  reason. 

k  the  beat  of  the  sun?    In  f  h'  '^''^'"  «  ^^eomefon  ?''  'j"  V"^"  P^^ce, 

Uich  runs  off  is  the  virl"     '^  ""'  ^«"r  weeks  if  f       "\^^^  '^3'  ex^sum 

Ur  these  respective  2"?"'  -^''^^  °^''  ^^dtLZf  ^f'^^'  'K? 

^ofco.n„fere:"  'K-at,ons  ^'-^  are  tU^ aslhe""?-  "^^ 
rhe  seal-skjns  are  snron,!        '  •  "^  ordinary 

.^Fcked  up  in  bundfes  o/fl""'  ^"^  ^^^^^^  in  bulk  •  na 

Besides  the"^  mode  of  se^I  h'^"  ^^^f^'  ^"'^  «hiLent  In  r""-  ""^'^^  ^^eyr 


M-  The  middle  m    ^*  ^"""^  "°^er  io- 

ft^.the  main-stayof  1  if'^-^^™^'^'  the  bone  and  «• 

,•  To  this  ,h"re  «t. ''  "^  'r™  fi»a  sii  w  ii7!J' ,  ""^  -"reSmt 
H"  "e  eife.L  '*?r<'na' exception.  i^f^tS"^'  ""  l>«ttb- 

•'•**ribhe™.e„.„i  "^    "-'"ff » «,«y 

geneml  ,h,pped  „,  j,;^  ^  ^,___^ 


-fc 


J^' 


o<: 


&■ 


%1 


H.  Doc.  136. 


«r  as  they  call  it,  on  c-half  their  hand,'' being  folly  found  by  the  planter, 
^•!ii^ThW  necessary  to  prosecute  the  fishery  during  the  season. 

ThS^?s^a/^tKS,^i^^^^^^ 

-carrying  on  the  shore  fishery  of  Newfoundland.  I 

^e  following  return  of  the  vessels  equipped  for  the  seal  fisW, 
from  die  port  of  St.  John  only,  and  the  number  of  seals  taken  by  tkm 
fX  A^las^  ten  years,  wi  give  some  idea  of  the  extent  ar.d  value 
Of  this  branch  of  business  in  Newfoundland :  I 


74 

106 

121 

126 

141 

95 

103 

68 

71 

92 


6,035 

2,054 

232,i 

9,626 

3,177 

482,6 

ir088 

3,775 

sm 

11,863 

3,895 

302,3f 

13,166 

4,470 

195,()i 

9,353 

3,216 

334,43 

10,046 

3,641 

389,4< 

5,847 
6,728 

3.170 
3^74 

206,33 
340,(1/ 

9,200 

3,480 

382,0! 

The  whole  oulfit  for  the  seal  fishery  from  the  island  of  Newta 
Un?L  *e  s;ri^  of  the  year  1861,  ^oun«d  to  383  vessels,- 
iiirffteeateof29,545tons,  manned  by  11,377  men.  ,  ■,  ■   I 

^Thf  average  takeof  s^als  in  the  whole  of  Newfoundland  dunag 
last  seven  y^s,  is  estimated  at  600,000  per  annum.  I 

The  foUowing  is  ft  comparative  statement  of  the  quanuy  ^ 
.6f  tiie  staple  arficles  of  pr^uce  exported  from  the  island  ot  Ne. 
land  in  the  years  1849  and  1860 : 


jbtielat. 


V 


1849. 


Dried  fish .  .quintals 

<Mlg gallons 

^Irrtinii.       Nn. 


'Salmon..... tierces 
Serringv..  .barrels 


^- 


1,176,167 

2,282,496 

306,072 


6,911 
11,471 


Value. 


1860. 


«2,826,894 

1,026,961 

162,144 


51,912 
87,220 


Quantity. 


1,089,182 
2,630,800 
440,828 


4,(J0& 

19,666 


Ife 


I  by  the  planter, 
ring  the  season. 
Ben  engaged  for  j 

the  sealfisheiy, 
s  taken  by  item  I 
xtent  and  value 


|No.  of  ae^i»| 
ken. 


>4 


75 

347,11ft 

95 

302,3« 

70 

195,(a 

16 

334,49 

41 

389,4« 

70 

206,3 

74 

340,111 

SO 

382,« 

ind  of  Newfom 
3  vessels,  withj 

adland  duiiiigl| 

luantityand^ 
land  of  Newfoa 


18S0. 


itity. 


),182 
J,800 
[),828 
1,000^ 


9,m 


H.   Doc.  136. 


,    The  total  value  of  thf  .'rr,  *  ^  ^3 

J-  im  18»0.  ana  IsSf  ^rte  "f  Newfeund,^,,  i„  «,■ 


j>  The  extent  of  the  fnr^;  ^       ** ' — 

|,«.  1850  and  lesl:  ""'""'''  "»''  cleared  at  NewSiS^f"?  «™ 
__^'l:^"'''' ««'•'' «^  ««ri  £,  1S50. 


Countries. 


Inward. 


Number./     Tons  »r         |  ~i     ^  "T" 

U_J_J"         ''«"•    P-"-      Ton.        Men. 


Owat  Britain 

^wnueyandJeney"."" 

Gibndtar ' 

loaiMialandg...;""'" 

(Spain ::::;-- 

I  liMtngal.... .. 

i  Denmark  *" 

iiw:::::;; 

[j^ .:::::::::: 

[^ North  American  , 

NiWeetlndlet...;;;; 
^Wieit  Indie* 


28,446 
1,516 


14,701 
10,035 
8,002 
4;?97 
1,795 


I  Total. 


J.  ;i 


.^,    . 


H853  2,800 

,4.189  '26^ 

15,622  ig 

9.022  631 


138,228       8,331 


■f'tl 


J    1^ 


li 


'<  * 


>♦  ■ 


i 

v^-  ^'TJfc 

f 

^'4. 

9 

^• 


584 


K*  Doc.  186;r 

'Xo.  2. — Vessels  invwrd  and  oututard  in  1851. 


Countries. 


f 


Europe: 

Great  Britain 

Quemsey  and  Jersey 

Gibraltar — 

Ionian  islands 

Spain 

Portugal 

Denmark 

Germany 

Italy 

France 

Madeira 

America: 

British  N.  American  col. 

British  West  Indies 

United  States 

Spanish  West  Indies 

Danish  West  Indies 

St.  Pierre 

Brazils 


Inward. 


Number, 


Tons. 


212 

n 


105 

70 

6 

41 

4 


524 
29 

131 
39 


29,994 
1,352 


14,932 

8,825 

1,541 

6,822 

604 


Total. 


43 

7 


47,450 
3,598 

16,481 
4,603 


Men. 


1,660 
95 


875 
548 

73 
348 

37 


Outward. 


Number. 


148 

4 

11 


50 

88 
1 


675 

1,488 


1,222 


137,465 


2,911 
230 

869 
201 


90 
75 


8/012 


50 

"i 


70 
33 
18 

2 
51 

4 


Tons. 


15,731 

664 

1,132 


5,789 
11,312 

107 


6,998 
"62 


503£tj.    5';,  162 

-"^    10,135 

3,569 

20,202 

388 

10,256 

71 


1,034 


141,578 


M«n. 


7a 

7 


in  I 


3,13 

en 

211 

m 

19] 

ml 
»| 

r.astj 


The  following  comparative  statement  shows  the  total  shipping  i 
Newfoundland  inward  and  outward  in  1849,  1860,  and  1851 : 


1849. 

1850. 

1851.         1 

No. 

Tons. 

Men. 

No. 

Tons. 

Men. 

No.      Ton*. 

Ua. 

filtered .... 

1,156 
1,074 

132,388 
126,643 

8,060 
7,901 

1,220 

1,087 

1384228 
108,795 

8,331 

7,868 

14822    137,465 
1,034    141,578 

1 

m 

Cleared........... 

'f 

The  ships  built  in  Newfoundland  during  the  period  of  four  yo 
from  184(6  to  1850  inclusive,  are  as  follows : 


Pfi 

^^ — ■ 1 

W"                        Yean. 

Yessela. 

Tom. 

K' 

JJB  1947> •«••■*«•  •»••  •«»•  •■■••  «>■•«  •••«  »••«  ••  •■•• 
X&  1CM0*»*«*  ••■•  •»«•  ••*•  •<■••  •-•*•  ••••  •-•••  •••••■ 

In  1849 -..-~ 

17 
19 

ao 

,794 
1,055 

:'    ■^^"jgl"" 

Jfl  UDU*««««  mmm»  •«*«  «•«•  •«••  a*^*  ••••  «««  •  ••••*• 

-30- -■ 

-     -     HHW 

.\     1 

■• 

51. 


Outward. 


Tons. 

M.n. 

15,731 

664 

1,132 

892 

67 

5,789 
11,312 

107 

4» 

7 

6,998 

m 

* 

62 

i    55,162 

10, 135 

3,569 

20,202 

388 

10,256 

71 

K 

3,13 

m 

211 
130 
U 

» 

141,578 

7,» 

total  shipping  i 
nd  1861 : 


1851. 


No.      Tom. 


14«2 

1,034 


137,465 
141,578 


lod  of  lour  yeai^po^Ogg 


Tool. 


«4 

i,o» 


rn.  "Doc.  130.:  "^Sl"   1^'  ^ 

teS^t^;~-::::::::S------::::    ^^^       \bM 

taberofseo]i„g„e^; -, 972  C'.-.liJ 

The  value  of  the  »n„  "'■ " ■'." ®™  -' '■«■!•■';?' ^ 

L  Ibas  been  stated  ^^  "'  P'''"'"'^^  of.  the  c„I„      ".' " " ' "        ^'^  '  ■  H  •"    "  1 1  "    J 

'a™5\l'!:^.^.nea ■ '     :M^m 

j«75ban.wtr„g; .•:::::: '^-^''.ooo      ••  ..m,'     | 

508,446  seaj-skins.         ^ 60,500  'Jfli   '  Jw ''*'*{ 

J990  tons  of  cod-oiJ 254,000  \-    ''If    '  ff 

Fuel  and  skins...      '" 850,000  -      •  I  f  ■'    ||        1 

BaitannuallyaoIdtJ'th^'F  ":V -'." ^^^'^^O  '*^#    J'  Fl,   'I 

^JjJjeofagri^,,,^,;^J^nch :;;---..         ^e.^  ^''#^|^■^i 

Total *2'W  "•K'<*Mli 

leayerage  value  of  nronprt  ^52^020  ^^ffiP}lll*'} 

P-«^-3thusstater^^^"»d  inthefishenes,d^^  .  ^'ffl^P^    J 

"eS'Sf^^^^-a^  fishery  ..''iffill'         ' 

58ms,ofaUdeS-in^'-- ''^6,676  r    Jif  Hr^ 

'9  cod  seines  "P^°°» • 125,000  :      'JWl-lll 

ij.  for  making 's^^f-j '..;;; 68,600  V  vJL 

i*  "'ents  and  casks  ibr  liver: 25o;ooo  f>  Ffl^l  lirii 

Totnj        .  "••• ^^Q»ooo lu^dLilit" 

?j563,17^  .1  :,*:T|^|MMf . ' 

'-  1" 


»  * 


.  ^^'t 


£80  IjE.  Dq<?.  13|k  - 

XKADE  BETWEEN  D^JW^OUNDLAND  AND  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

The  following  statement  furnishes  a  full  account  of  the  quantity  and 
vaj;^oftr?le.productsofNewfou^^^^^^ 
to  the  United  States  in  the  years  1849,  1850,  and  laoi . 


Artioles. 


iai9. 


Quantity.  Value. 


Fish,  herrings Ijarrels.. 

tonfpies  and  Bounds ....  do ... . 

caplin d® 

salmon .........do.... 

dried  cod . quintals.. 

Hides number.. 

Oil,  seal tons... 

ood "o — 

Skins,  seal number.. 


16 

29 

3,374 

21,428 

245 


22 


1850. 


Quantity. 


$1,690 

75 

60 

34,180 

56,935 

6(to 


Total. 


2,220 


1,860 

37 

19 

1,192 

14, 119 

1,431 

4 

".  29 


Value. 


1851. 


Quantity. 


95,700 


*4,040 

45 

25 

19,055 

31,770 

3,445 

535 

4,355 


2,329 

46 

18 

4,163 

15,431 

619 

1 

19 
750 


63,270 


V«1m. 


13,511) 
230 
% 

41,611 

38, 495 1 

1,3<5| 

15 1 

4,^1 

m 


The  whole  of  the  foregoing. articles  were  exported  ftom  Newfou 
land  to  the  United  States  in  British  vessels  only,  no  other  vessels  wb 

"^^^ZlZVS^'Z't:^^^^:^^  into  Newfoundland  ^., 
UqitedStates  is  shs>wn  thus :  .   .,: 

ketum  of  the  quantity,  value,  rate,  and  ammni£  f "^^jf /sSf  J 
articles,  the  growth,  produce,  or  nuinufactureY  the  United  Stato,« 
jm-ted  intoSie  colony  of  Newybundland,  during  the  year  ending 
January,  1862.  ''  ■^  '  . 


Articles. 


Arrpwroot. ............ 

.Apothecaries*  ware ..... 
Bacon  and  ham?. .  -  .cwt. 
Peef,  salted... ."..barrels. 
Beer  and  ale . .... .  ^do . . 

l^lacking 

"ran. .y qra- 

road  ■ .  -  *.  -1 » « »^-  .cwt. 


Quantity. 


Value. 


I 


Bricks, .. .No., 

Butter cwt. 

Cabinet  ware 


180 

2,098 

340 


29 
fl.367  2 


524,703 
8,633  3 


$2,370 
2,007 
1,980 

24,690 
1,906 


Bate  of  duty. 


.6  per  cent.. 
6  '  do 
6      do      •• 
2s.  per  bbl. . 
10  per  cent. . 


70 
25:923 


3,g§B 

43,987 

715 


5  per  cent. 
3d.  per  cwt. 


6  per  cent. 
2s.  per  cwt; 
10  per  cent. 


ToaUi 


^i:ii^;Miii.l'WTJ,-*'^kfe^jfe^!^5»4^ia^^ 


»  STATES. 

e  quantity  and 
om  that  colcjny 


1851. 


Quantity. 

ValM. 

2,329 

|5,51« 

46 

239 

18 

% 

4,163 

41,fiH 

15,431 

38,4% 

619 

1,86 

1 

15 

19 

4,TO 

750 

50 



!»,» 

rom  Newfou 
er  vessels  wh 

idlandfromt 


aid  on 
nited  Stala,  i 
year 


fdaty.' 

TouU 

cent. . 

}1 

0 

1 

0      .. 

1 

r  bbl.. 

I. 

r  cent. . 

•  ••• 

cent.. 

rcwt.. 

, 

"feent.. 

rcvt.- 

4i 

rcent.'. 

flf-  Doc.  188. 

STATEMENT_c„«i„„ed; 


•Articlei, 


Candles, tallow.. T)onnH«    i   a»  ^ 

IJocKs  and  watches 

Cheese. . : . .  *  *  * "  "/"*••- 

cwt..      S55  2 

••-. do.. 

iconfectione;^::::.^^"^' 

Cora,|grain,mea],floii^, 
Indian  corn. . .       qj-s 

oat8..::::;v.v?o** 

btton  manufactures.'  °"l  ^^ 

'en  and  China  wii-e 


M^viz: 

W 

fwit,  viz; 
les. 


cwt. 

oysters,  bushels 


barrels. 

18,  currants. cwt.. 
W8.Iemon8.barrels 

T'"'^«- cwt.. 

J^eserved.pounds. 


vines 

"ware  and  cutlej^* ' ' ' 


"*" 


•••-cwt. 
DRnr  ooshela. 

,»««<}8au«js..\"*"; 
'andtar        il    i" 


157 

•T'^acVurer'^'^^l         ^ 
f'Junean^fen,;;;;;; 

•  •  .cwt. . 

1  instruments                   ^^^  98    5 

es....        ^•„-'-'\'r I        740  Is 


iiSX^OBtt 


»    . 


088 


H.  Dm?.  136. 

« 

STATEMENT— Continued. 


Articles. 


Qnimtltf. 


Pork,  salted .....  barrels 
Potatoes     and     vegeta- 

ble&t bushels 

Rice cwt.. 

Robes,  buffalo 

Rosin  J barrels 

Salt tons.. 

Salaeratus v 

Slops 

Seedsr ^"^ -  -  - 

Sausages cwt. .-. 

Soap .  ..\ do . . . 

Spirits,  viz:  rum.. gallons. 

Stationei-y 

Sttaw  manufactures 

Stone,  grave . .  -No . . . 

Tea pounds. 

Tobacco,  viz: 

Leaf. ; pounds. 

Manufactures ....  do — 

Cigars No .  a . 

Steins cwt... 

Tobacco  pipes i .  - 

Tongues  w- ... . .  .barrel^ . 

Turpentine,  spirits  of.  gaJls . 

Vinegar do. . 

Wine,  in  bottles .do. . 

Wood,  viz: 

Staves  and  casks . .  pack . 

'  Timber tons.. 

Board  and  plank,  .feet. . 

Wooden  ware 

WboUen  manufactures'. . . 


14,480 

745 

419  2 

'      60 

1 

4 


Value. 


Rate  of  duty. 


20  1 

430 

.6,122 


1 
61,390 

3,368 

329,166 

64,060 

30 


Total. 


1 

118 

663 

2 

4,472 

i 

10,000 


$183,086 

785 

1,877 

300 

■31 

•       65 

25 

845 

681 

,■  86 

'  ?,000 

3,665 

626 

36 

7 

14,618 

780 

64,636 

926 

76 

2 

12 

41 

122 

16" 


3s.  per  bbl... 

Free 

6  per  cent.. 
6       do 
6       do 
6d. per  ton... 
6  per  cent. . 
6       do       .. 

Free 

6  per  cent.. 
6  do  .  .. 
9d.  per  gall.. 
6  per  cent.. 
6  do 
6  do  .. 
3d.  per  lb . . . 


Total  dntj. 


$10^860 


8,960 

16 

100 

7,696 

11,736 


2d.  do  . . 
2d.  do  . . 
6s.  per  M.. 
28.  per  cwt. 

5  per  cent. 

6  do  . 
6       do 

6  do  ^ . 
3s.  per  gall. 


5  per  cent. 
Is.  6d.  per  ton 
28.6d.perM 

6  per  cent. 
6       do 


964,266 


15 
1 


100 1 
1.1471 


3,2111 


7«,(» 


An  examination  of  the  preceding  table  shows  that  the  principal! 
ticles  imported  into  Newfoundland  from  the  United  States  are  p 
■^  nit^ly  thoff'^  which -gJYe  greatest  employment  to  our  people. 
"tSc  vSue'ofsalted  beef  imported  m  1861  was  $24,690;  ofl 
$26,923;  of  bricks,  $3,896;-  of  butter,  $43,987;  of  cheese,  $4,W|J 
Indian  com,  $1,660 ;  of  corn  meal,  $24,318 ;  of  wheat  flow,  WW 
of  apples,  $3,785;  of  pitch  and  tar,  $.3,333;  of  salted  pork,  IIW 


\- 


duty. 

Total  datj. 

bbl... 

$10;869 

/      , 

cent.. 

9? 

0 

'     15 

0 

1 

ton . . . 

cent.. 

1 

o       .. 

.42 

cent.. 

i 

O    '   .. 

100 

rgall.. 

1,U7 

cent.. 

26 

o       .. 

*I 

o       .. 

rib... 

3,211 

lo    ... 

lis 

lo    ... 

13,71 

r  M... 

3,37 

r  cwt.. 

cent.. 

lo      .. 

lo      .. 

lo    ... 

v 

rgall.. 

cent. . 

IS 

.per  ton 

•  perM. 

•  cent.. 

4 

do 

J 

3 

.the  principal  I 
1  States  are  f 

eople? 

14,690;  ofbn 
heese,  $4,775;| 
;  flour,  $476,3 
[pork,  1183,0 


i-^^f.  (e" 


the  whole  trade  of  the  iSanH,  -1  '^^^  ^"^  the  United  .Sfaf^K  '^°'"' 

,    The  &st  abstract  wfSblW  ""l  '''""^"^^  ^^  ^eye^fsil^^  "^ 
the  vessels  entered  inwar,l  •      u '  '^°^«  ^he  number  a^  7 


ComUriei  from  whence  entered 


|£onpe— 

Great  Britain . 

Onemsey  and  Jersey 

Spain... 

Portugal. 

Denmark. 

Oermanr . 

It«ly. 


Total 


ftjti«h  North  Americwcolonlee.  I     504 
BrituhWertlndleg.  t  ^i 

United  States..  " 

iWeitJbdiei 

Cnba 

['  Porto  Eico 

.t 

t  Pair's,  (French) 


1 

'• 

«,?* 

.w' . 

•* 

h 

-v* 

•• 

•  ) 

I 

«;. 

1 

*ri 

■r- 

,■1  •'  ■ 


vessels,  distinguishin^B-S^^^r^ 


ielt'^WyS^^  rfl^poS^n^"i^"  -^  ^^  -rthen.  colo 
'wtedStatel  it  Jc^ded  £^rf  '"*"  Newfoundland  is  f^  thp 
"es  last  year  b|  «5  wtt&^tSTo '''"i  ^'^^  "^^ghbot^  c6l! 
ations  from^^^ery  foreign^l^;^''^  *°  nearly  one-half  of  aS  im- 

.-"'    •■  -^ 


\, 


^' 


A 


U^i 


r  . 


a       * 


590 


H.   Doc.  136. 


The  succeeding  abstract  exhibits  the  number  and  tonnage  of  the 
vessels  cleared  outward  from  Newfoundland  in  1861,  with  the  value  of 
the  articles  exported  in  such  vessels,  distinguishing  British  from  tbreitrn: 


Coontrios  for  which  cleared. 


Europe — 

Great  Britain 

Onemsey  and  Jersey ■ — 

Gibraltar 

Spain r 

Portugal J. 

Denmark 

Sicily 

Italy 

Madeira 

America — 

^      British  North  American  eolonies 

British  West  Indies 

United  States.. 

Spanish  West  Indies — 

Cuba 

Porto  Kico 

West  Indies,  (DaniA) 

Brazils 

St.  Peter's,  (French) .\ . . 

Total 


Vessels. 


No. 


118 

4 

11 

50 

88 

1 

5 

50 

1 

503 
70 
33 


18 

2 

51 

4 


Tons. 


Value  of  exports. 


British. 


15,731 

6641 

1,132 

5,789! 

11, 312 

107 

582! 

6,998! 

62 

•I 

55, 162; 

10,135| 

3, 559 1 


20,202! 

3881 
10, 256 i 

71 1 


$2,040,960 

22,260 

60,035 

273,810 

575,360 

11,625 

31,380 

'      357, 370 

■    2,490 

345,930 

340,095 

99,720 

50,325 
21,920 


450,560 
230 


1,013   142,176;      4,684,07« 


Foreign. 


$98,655 

880 


16,920 

570 
250 


117, 2!5 


Total. 


9'3,133,ffi 
23,!Jij| 
(ifl,« 
2:3,  "Id 
575, 391 
ll,ffi| 
31,; 
357,  Ml 
•2,4»)| 

302,  «jl 
;M0,6£| 
99,9»| 


From  the  preceding  statement  it  will  be  seen  that  the  exports  I 
Newfoundland  to  the  United  States .  have  but  a  small  value,  as  coi 
pared  with  the  articles  imported  from  this  country.    For  the  sti 
products  of  Newfoundland   exported  to  Spain,  Portugal,  Italy, 
the  Brazils,  amounting,  in  the  whole,  to  $1,667,100,  that 'colony  r 
ceives  a  considerable  proportion  of  its  payment  in  ready  money, 
large  share  of  which  finds  its  way  to  our  country  for  beef  and 
pitch  and  tar,  breadstuffs  and  tobacdo.     The  balance  of  trade 
so  largely  against  Newfoundland,   in   its  dealings  witji  us,  creai 
much  difficulty  in  that  colony,  and  forces  it  to  deal  more  extensiv 
with  European  countries  which  purchase  its  products,  than  it  wo  " 
if  the  trade  with  us  were  more  nearly  upon  an  eauality. 

In  1860  the  number  of  vessels  whicn  cleared  from  the  colonyi 
Newfoundland  was  1,102,  of  the  burden  of  129,832  tons.  The  tffl 
value  of  the  various  articles  exported  in  these  vessels  is  thus  stato 
British,  $4,761,260;  foreign,  $117,690;  total,  $4,878,860. 

The  total  value  of  exports  in  1861  being  $4,446,180  only,  shows! 
icreaae  from  the  preceding  year  of  $433,670. ^  f 

The  value  of  imports  at  Newfoundland  in  1860  was  $4,336,59 
and  in  1861  was  $4,466,180,  being  an  increase  in  the  value  of  goo^ 
imported  in  the  latter  year  of  $108,696.  There  was,  therefore,  an  i 
creased  importation,  with  diminished  exports,  during  the  past  season,  j 
Newfoundland,     m 


'  \ 


[  tonnage  of  the 
with  the  value  of 
ish  from  tbreitrti: 


-^ 


>oc.  136. 


wrts. 


foreign. 


Total. 


P98, 655 
8«) 


16,920 
570 
250 


23,  W)  I 

1)0,  OS 

273, «[ 

5:5,  M I 

II,efi  f 

31,; 

357,3;o| 

302,  sol 
;M0,6gl 
99,9a| 


117,225 


4,801,3( 


the  exports  L. 
ill  value,  as  coi 
For  the  stJ 
ugal,  Italy,  u 
,  that  "colony  n 
ready  monevt 
"  beef  and  ^ 
e  of  trade 
witji  us,  cp 
tftore  extensivu 
than  it  would  I 

(n  the  colony^ 
tons.  The  totj 
I  is  thus  state 
50.  . 

SO  only,  shows! 

was  $4,336,5^ 
value  of  goo 
therefore,  an  i 

le  past  season, 


S4S0,000 
480,000 
144,000 


VALUE  OF  THE  LabrI  '   ^^^ 

-.The  exports  from  Labrar?     F^^  ^^^^  ^^  Wsheries. 

No  accuraee  accent  of  ,h„  t  ,        .  "°''' '""'  "<' 

fumiled,  because  there  »»T''"'  "^ ''"<'  Mports  of  r  ,K    j 

I »  ^obtaio^edT"^  »'' '"»  h  tes.  and  ^.t^^fenlEon^'^- 

In  American  vessels  '  ""« mat 

.InNovu  Scotia  vessels::"] -> 

in  Canadian do. 

In  vessels  owned  nr  ^v,!!,'J"";', 

>a.e.  hav^^ell  ?Est^t?«"*  ">"''"  ^--^  •""" 

Iii  vessels  ownpfl  n,-  ^k    "  "rV^  on  the  coast  ^ 

y  dland  ?   :  ':\^^^'^^^,i  by  the  peo^k^f  '^^       4^0,000 

Total//.'.'.'.'. ■ ^:!^'    ' 

,   The  number  of  fishermpn  \ ^^T^^ 

Srrr  'fe'-  "-^"i  Sc"ef  S  S  s-'n  ."--nd 

^«Xd  -'^tites:,-'™.^-.  »**,  Of 

.  •"» total en»i*. .^ v_TI  ■ • • — . .  ■>"    '-^Mf  \,    \        i '''^1 


'"•'''^^^^~^^^*^^^^^^ 


....•^«?.:- 


i^*yU*vn 


1^1 


^9» 


H,   Doc.  18$. 


possible  distjuice  between  the  continents  of  Europe  and  America.  •  As 
It  lies  directly  in  the  track  of  thp  Atlantic  steamers  between  the  United 
"States  and  Europe,  public  attention  has  naturally  been  directed  towmji 
its  harbor  as  a  posiuon  of  jjrominent  and  striking  importance  on  iliis ' 
side  the  AtlanUc.    It  therefore  deserves  something  more  than  a  pass- 1 

It  has  recently  been  proposed  that  St.  John  should  bo  established 
as  a  port  of  call  for  at  least  one  line  of  Atlantic  steamers,  nnd  tliat  the 
intelligence  brought  by  this  line  from  the  Old  World  should  be  thence 
transmitted  by  telegraph  to  the  whole  of  North  America, 

The  route  for  the  line  of  the  proposed  telegraph  from  St.  John  lo 
Cape  Ray,  the  southwestern  extrenuty  of  Newfoundland,  was  cxplnredj 
during  the  latter  part  of  the  season  of  1861,   in  a  very  oncrgetJcl 
and  successful  manner,  by  Mr.  Gisbome ;  nn^  it  was  found,  ihut  be-l 
yond  the  question  of  expense,  there  were  no  unusual  obstacles  to  prc-j 
vent  the  coiistruction  of  the  line.     From  Cape  Ray  to  Cape  North,  atj 
;the  northeastern  extremity  of  Cape  Breton,  the  distance  is  lorty-cijbF 
miles,  across  the  great  entrance  to  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence.   It  id 
proposed  that  telegraphic  communication  shall  be  maintained  ncntf 
this  passage  by  a  submarine  cable,  similar  to  that  now  successfully  iJ 
operation  between  England  and  France.     From  Cape  North  to  tH 
town  of  Sydney,  in  Cape  Breton,  the  distance  is  but  short ;  and  Sy. 
ney  already  communicates  by  telegraph  with  every  place  in  Americj 
to  which  the  wires  ar«  extended. 

Another  proposition  is  to  carry  the  submarine  cable  at  once  fm 
Cape  Ray  to  the  east  cape  of  Prince  Edward  island  ;  tlien  travcraj^ 
a  portion  of  that  island,  to  pass  across  the  straits  of  NorthuniberH 
into  New,  Brunswick,  there  to  connect  at  the  first  convenient  sta' 
with  all  the  telegraph  lines  in  North  America. 

It  is  alleged  that  a  fast  steamer,  having  on  board  only  the  sl 
quantity  of  coals  which  so  short  a  trip  would  require,  might  cross  t 
Atlantic  from  Galway  to  St.  John  in  five  days;  and,  if  so,  informali 
from  all  parts  of  Europe  could  be  diafeainated  over  the  whole  of« 
-Union,  even  to  the  Pacific — from  Moscow  to  San  Fruncisco— wit 

The  narbor  of  St.  John  is  one  of  the  best  in  all  Newfoundbnd.i 
>good  harbors  abound.    It  is  formed  between  two  mountains,  the( 
Points  of  which  have  an  entrance  called  "the  Narrows." 
'     From  the  circumstance  of  this  harbor  being  only  accessible  bjrd 
"large  ship  at  a  time,  and  from  the  numerous  battenes  and  fortifies" 
.erected  for  its  protection,  St.  John  is  a  place  of  very  consida 
strength.    There  are  about  twelve  fathoms  water  in  mid-channdofj 
entrance,  which,  although  but  one  hundred  fathoms  wide,  is  onlyf 
hundred  fathoms  long;  and,  when  the  Narrows  are  passed,  the  W* 
trends  off  to  the  southwest,  affording  ample  space  for  shipping.' 
^:^QodaDcborage,  in. perfect  shelter.  ^    ^^^.^.^ 

Some  very  interesting  testimony  was  taken  before  the  L^ 
Assembly  of  Newfoundland  in  1(^46,  with  reference  to  the  ad»an 
.of  St.  John  as  a  port  of  call  for  Atlantic  steamers.    AmoDi  oj 
■witnesses  who  were  examined  was  Captain  John  Cousin8,anoldj 
arespectable  shipmaster,  who  s^edjafollovs:    / 


tf-  Doc.  186.  -^^ 

"I  am  a  master-mariner  anrl  T  k       l        '  ™ 

fouryears     I  have  arrlved'at  NewfouLhnW  T^'^f  '"  ^^^^  ^ade  forty- 

S.  John  is  safe  antcIlrut1.tt^fi '^'^  ^^^^^^^^^^^ 

tolonyi  Che  water  is  <|ccd  enm,„l,  r^      r  ^  ""'=  "  'wrbor  ns  am T^k 

r?"^  if"-  The  u|hX:f 0 1  "c'rt"™'"  "..>  risri: 

,'".Tah1:S-,eea,„„«.„ee        '*"'""•     '"- -gS 
k  .0  he  «,„„d  Mpl,*:^S,»*  "f  New«,™^  i, 

U  ^cl  i,  found  as  fi°al  th^Zkl^P^'i^y  ^^•'^  Selo^' 
k  m.i  several  voyages  ,0  No™  ?wT  ° "f  """-    '  '""<'.  »«  mw-  ■ 
W  »"e.fi-ou,  ,he  shoals  ;h«t'„fc':f  "''!-,>>  is  a  ve^ 
■°°5'  ™  u  at  a  considerable  dii 

"Fogsprevail  along  the  consfnfv     r       „ 

Wi.«the  months  ofttiy  J™.  '•'"'fT",'''™<l''n<lNovaSeothichie(.. 
"|.    Those,hat«eS^ia;:^,J"y;  H-y  "e  thSestonAj 

-«ness  of  onr  eoastporn,.  '^^^i^J'^i^ 

"Between    St.  John    and  r.«     n 

iles.  there  are  seven  harbor;  Tto^hSr  '  ^'T'''  «^ '^bout  fifty 
Iter  easily  and  lie  safely.    A  sWaVhrrV ''''''*''"  ''^  '^y  size  couj 

Jes,  or  thereabouts."  *^-  -^"'"^  ^o  Cape  Clear  is  1  7^ 

ha  representation  made  very  recendv  h^  ti 

tZC^  T''-«ment.  it  is^Jt  ?onKhafthe L^'^P^'.  ?^  ^  ^^^ 
i>t.Jphn  as  the  most  eastern  land^S  fi  a  ^^^^'^P^'cal  position 
.uc.  Situated  on  apromonto^  direetlv  1  tL"^™^^^^^  ««'«  of  the  A^ 
Jth  Amencan  provinces  andVeSd^'  "1"'''  ^^^^°«"  ^^  other 
ebd  1,666  mies  only,  obviously  Ss^"^*^™"'  ^^  ^'«^ant  ^om 

^of  St.  John  possesses  the  adv^m^efonir^^^  ^^^^^^^ 
N;  of  having  a  depth  of  water  3  I     '^^"g  caoacious  yet  land- 
^larpt  shipslhat  Ct  toJnf«  a"/ £       ""  ""^  i"^'  ^'^•°*»  •Se 
fyof  access  and  free  frorsSa  or  t?J V' "i' "^  ^°"" >  ^^^'^^Sg 


v> 


4(04 


H.  Doc.   186. 


!•* 


♦  > 


which  may  everywhere  be  approached  with  safety.  It  is,  therefore,! 
said  to  be  manifest  that  the  port  of  St.  John  presents  facilities  aiid| 
conveniences  for  steamers  which  cannot  be  surpassed  m  any  port  J 
the  world.  There  is  said  to  be  less  fog  on  the  coast  of  this  part  oil 
Newfoundland  than  on  the  Atlantic  coast  of  Nova  Scotia;  ami  oknM 
times  when  the  fog  is  thick  on  the  Banks  of  Newfoundland,  this  vomi 

free  from  it.  ,  ,  •  i  •   • 

A  good  land  fall  is  of  great  value  to  the  navigjitor,  an<l  it  is  asscita 
that  none  better  can  be  found  for  trans- Atlantic  steamers  tlmn  StJ 
John,  as  the  royal  mail  steamers  for  Halifax  usually  cndcavnri 
make  the  land  about  thirty  miles  to  the  southward  of  St.  John.  Hen 
it  is  argued  that  their  call  at  St.  John  would  detract  nothing  fronitb 
safety,  and  but  little  from  their  despatch- 

All  history  and  experience  prove  that  the  necessities  of  comraei 
seek  out  ^e  nearest  and  shortest  routes  for  travel  and  business.   Ca' 
and  Dover  have  been  the  points  of  embarkafhm  between  England ;. 
the  continent  of  Europe  ever  since  the  invasioft  of  Britain  by  Csa 
and  for  the  sole  reason  that  they  are  the  neardst  points  between  i' 
island  of  Great  Britain  and  the  continent.     Where  Cajsar  crossed  t. 
-Straits  of  Dover,  the  submarine  telegraph  nowtransmits  iutelligfiij 
from  every  portion  of  Europe,  on  its  way  to  North  America.    A  gli"^ 
at  the  ma^^'the  world  shows  that  in  all  time  past,  the  j)oint8  ofislai 
or  continents  which  approach  the  nearest  have  become  the  highwd 
of  their  intercourse  and  commerce.     Cape  Surium  was  the  point] 
concentratwn  for  the  trade  of  Greece,  because  it  was  the  nearest] 
.to  Egypt.    The  Appian  Way  was  extended  from  Capua  to  Brundui 
-on  the  Adriatic  gulf,  because  that  was  the  nearest  good  harbor,  i 
the  narrowest  part  of  the  Adriatic  sea,  in  the  most  direct  line  I 
Home  to  Constantinople.    In  modern  times,  that  most  wonderful  i 
costly  work,  the  Britannia  tubular  bridge  -across  the  Menai  strait,! 
been  erected  at  vast  expense,  simply  because  it  is  in  the  most  ("■ 
line  from  London  to  Dublin  and  Ireland. 

Under  the  impulse  given  to  communication  between  Euro|)« 
America  by  the  fast  ocean  steamers  now  traversing  the  Atlantid 
speed  and  certainty,  and  the  quickening  influence  of  the  electricj 
graph,  spreading  its  net\*'ork  of  wires  over  the  lerigth  and  br«la(lii 
the  continent  for  the  instant  communication  of  inteUigence,  itisb'* 
.sonable  to  beUeve  that  the  nearest  points  between  the  contiD 
Europe  and  America— between  the  west  coast  of  Ireland  and  th 
:«mmo8t  point  of  Newfoundland— will  be  established  asthehigl 
ibr  communication  between  this  country  and  Europe,  to  insr 
.^jtiansmission  of  intelligence  in  the  shortest  possible  space.   Na*" 
'pears  to  have  decreed  this ;  and  it  only  remains  for  man  to  ca 
m  the  most  advantageous  manner,  what  has  been  thus  decreed. 
The  legisbture  oT  Newfoundland  appears  to  be  fully  aliv« 
iuiportMice  of  the  -gec^aphiual  positioa-oL-the  harbor  dM^ 
ea  with  the  behef  that, 


andfinmiy  impressed  wTtfi^he  belief  that,  by  means  of  steam  < 
nication  with  Ireland,  it  must  be  the  point  from  which,  without  dd 


tlM  eaiiiest  and  latest  intelligence  will  be  transmitted  between  m 
and  America.  Influenced  by  this  impression,  it  has  made  Kberall 
^  parties  who  will  undertake  to  make  St.  JcAm  a  port  of  c« 


^'  i>oc.   136. 

tnuM  Atlantic  steamers  nnri  «  n  *W5 

from  thence  to€aprBrefnn    '^.'"  "^^ablish  a  Kne  of  e?...  •      , 


^.*-^ l^Jll  OI    «t.  John 

LIGHT-HOUSES  o.v  THE  EA^     - 

minutes,  red  and  wIiW^  oi.  Powerful  IiVht    rnv,.i,  • 

fe above  the  sea    sppn  ^/^'^'""W;  elevation  on^?''^'"^^  ^^''^  '^^ 

the 
In 

ic«o-  4u  north;  distant  fiv.'""/v"5^''  '"  ^oneitude  a^o  nof 
J^acon-tower  ia  hexaLnfl       ■        ^^P«  Spear  filtv  X  ^-i    ^  ^^«*' 

In  addition  to  these  hVhf     i,  ^*» 

iS^TuL^!°°^«"dArdit,8san.  Scotland *  60  ^do? 


J* 


.« 


f^ 


fv^» 


:-<*i^'' 


mim 


H.   Doc.  i36. 


\. 


In  the  yeiars  1860  and  186X  the  number  of  vessels  which  enters 
in\eard  at  the  port  of  St.  John,  Newfoundland,  was  as  follows: 


C!oi]ntrie8  from  which  vesmla 
entered. 


Europe: 

Gissat  Britain 

Gaemsoy  and  Jenoy 

Spain .' 

Portugal 

Denmark 

Germany 

Italy : 

America: 

British  N.  American  coronies 

British  West  Indies  , 

United  States 

Spanish  West  Indies 

Brazils 


Total. 


1850. 


No.  of 
vessels. 


131 
3 
65 
46 
5 
25 
12 

380 
26 

105 

64 

3 


865 


Tonnage. 


20,281 
221 

8,817 
5,533 
80S 
4,108 
1,539 

36,532 
3,527 

12,978 

8,796 

657 


103, 817 


Men. 


1,121 

14 

521 

330 

41 

211 

95 

2,192 

218 

729 

612 

36 


6,120 


1861. 


No.  of 
vessels. 


138 
4 

66 

46 

4 

37 

3 

377 

26 

99 

38 

4 


842 


Tonnage.  |  jfe^j 


21,114 

385 

9,635 

5,515 

^     853 

6,881 

430 

37,773 
3,144 

12,552 

4,512 

872 


103,016 


The  nucober  of  vessels  which  cleai'ed  from  St.  John  in  the  i 
years  was  as  follows  :  ^ 


Countries  fh>m  which  vessels 
cleared. 


Europe: 

Great  Britain 

Gibraltar 

T^ian  tilands 

Spain 

Portugal 

Domiiarit 

Italy 

«k>ay 

Madeira 

'France 

Amwica: 

Britiah  N.  American  colonies 

British  West  Indies 

United  gUtea 

Spaniih  West  Indiei... 

Panish  West  ladi^  ■■■■■..,■ 

St.  Pierre 

Brazili 


Total. 


1850. 


No.  of 
vessels. 


78 

6 

1 

58 

31 


46 
3 
2 
1 

389 

62 

31 

15 

— L 


1 
42 


766 


Tonnage. 


11,173 

809 

104 

7,005 

3,750 


6, 366 
353 
221 

89 

42,517 
8,429 
2,971 
1,915 


95 
8,149 


94,063 


Men. 


47 

6 

541 

235 


13 

14 

7 

2,478 
514 
194 
111 


6 
445 


5,638 


1851. 


No.  of 
vessels. 


82 
.8 


34 

57 

1 

31 
1 
1 


343 

61 

27 

17 

3^ 


38 


703 


Toniuge. 


11,148 
733 


4,097 
7,390 

107 
3,642 

147 


41,898 

8,718 
8,865 
8,099 

m 


7,897 
91,191 


Is  which  enterec 
s  follows: 


1851. 


21,114 

385 

9,635 

5,515 

s,     853 

6,281 

430 

37,773 
3,144 

12,552 

4,512 

872 


103,016     A 


lohn  in  the  t 


1851. 


Tonnage.    11 

11,148 
733 

'"4,097    ' 
7,390 
107 
3,642 

147 


41,896 

8,718 
2,865 


7,8W 


91,191 


■«^ 


I  .  ^'  ^oc-  18$ 

'n.e  first  IS  a  statement  of  th.  '  ^"  ^^  ^5 
'     "^  "s  increase  or 


Aiticles. 


i^wn.... 


I  Weight  or 
fflemnre.  | 


1850. 


'*■■'•"■•■• 

«tir.  *"rV'" 

SJ... 


•--cwt 

•bairelg.. 
,  •-•do... 
I — do... 
,  •do.... 
/•-.cwt.'... 
Ipimcheoog 
■•do... 
•cwt. .. 
••do... 
/-•••do... 
I- -pounds. 
/•-  boxes  .. 

•••do 

••tona. 

,  --do... 

/--barrels. 

/ do.., 

/•- bushels 
-M... 


^556 

9,716 
19,253 
2,410 
12,056 
901 
9,856 
17,571 


254,404 
12, 163  , 
4,598 
19,048  I 

18,025 
3,240] 
6,726 

24,225 

3,77ft, 

2,718 

3,641 


1851. 


80,143 
106,084 
3,869 
13,309 
2,522 
13,370 
728 
7,313 
23,035 
1,926 
„  3,087 
359,334 
11,70^ 
3,159 
22,570 
16,613 
3,029 
10,856 
34,449 
4,263 
2,568 
2,836 


'  ^««ase.  JDecn^^ 


21,587 
23,596 


5.847 
5,944 


5,465 

1,038 

1,197 

104,930 

2."«28"... 


4,130 
10.824 

485 


454 
1,439 


MM 


». 


fcV     f    • 


f 


hi     1    ^f 


'  i 


f 


f  '• . 


f'm 


fi9d 


H.  Doc.   186. 


The  following  statement  exhibits  the  quantities  of  the  various  de- 
scriptionsof  gocKls  exported  from  the  port  of  St.  John  in  the  same  years, 
1850  and  1861 : 


ArtioleB. 


Dried  fiah: 
To   Portugal : 

Spain 

Italy 

BritiBh  West  Indies 

Braril 

British  America 

England 

Scotland 

Ireland -' 

Other  ports -^ 

Seal  and  whale  oil -•-•* 

Cod  oil 

Blubber 

Seal  skins: 
To   Umted  Kingdom 

United  States  and  British 

America 

Salmon 


Weight  or, , 
measure. 


quintals . 

...do 

...do 

...  do  — 
...do — 

do.... 

...do — 
...do — 

do... 

...do... 
.  .tuns . . 
...do... 
...do... 


1850. 


number 


...do... 
.  tierces. 


Herrings ..barrels 


85,1«43 
123,040 
114,665 
117,750 

108,684 

25,391 

6,990 

5,025 

7,635 

69,258 

4,868 

2,447 

578 

339,075 

1,000 
1,950 

8,457 


1851. 


160,905 

70, 113 

68,533 

116,731 

114,757 

11,389 

7,425 

2,623 

7,272 

69,523 

5,411 

2,273 

265 

381,333 

750 

3,129 

14,079 


Increase. 


76,562 

52,» 

46,11 

MB 

6,073 

435 

n 

265 
643 

1    ■" 
..] 

ID 

V 

42,258 

% 

i,  17? 

5,628 

Decrew. 


In  addition  to  the  quantity  of  cod  mentioned  above  as  having  1 
exported  during  the  year  1861,  there  were  in  store  at  St.  Johnonll 
20th  January,  1862,  no  less  than  181^00  quintals  ready  fcrexp 
tion  the  coming  spring. 

The  value  of  the  imports  into  the  port  of  St.  John  from  the  m 
States  during  the  year   1861  was  as'  follows:  In  British  vessel 
$660,686;  in  American  vessels,  $76,650;  total  value  of  imports  I 
the  United  States  in  1861,  $736,336. 


he  varioiis  de- 
tie  same  years, 


H.  Doc.  186. 


crease. 

Deenw. 

76,562 

52,W 

46,11 

MB 

6,073 

"435' 

..?:"' 

"{'%^ 

"'"265' 

38 

643 

... 

J 

42,258 

/ 

"i.nsT 

I 

5,622 

as  having  I 
St.  John  on  tl 
dy  fcrexp 

Tom  the  Uni 
British  vessel 
af  imports  f 


The  fonowing  statement  comnr.«  ""  I  S9» 

m  of  articles  imnorterl  L.^iP"^^^  ^"  account  of  thJ^    • 

m  1850  and  IsiT,  wtK  '^"  ^""^  «^  St.  J^frofr  "'.^"-'""P" 

'  ""'  *^^-n%  and  value  ^.^,-1-.-  ^ 


./. 


') 


■1;  ;-:.1 


P.iaitt-t.,'1^-'.  ■-..!-& 


.     1  i  • 

The  imports  into  the  port  of  St.  John  in  1861  from  the  British  West 
Indi«8  are  thus  stated:  Molasses,  20,063  cwt.;  value,  $49,960.  Rum, 
49,411  gallons;  value, ,.$21,696.  Brown  sugar,  2,188  c^t;  value, 
$10,780.  Total  value  from  British  West  Indies,  $82,326.     , 

From  Spain,  the  imports  at  St.  John  in  1861  were -as  follows:  Corks, 
11  csvt.;  value,  $116.  Feathers,  6,936  lbs.;  value,  $430.  Dried  fruit, 
^6cwt.;  value,  $266.  Olive b^l,  424  gallons;  value,  $210.  Salt,  482,504 
bushels;  value,  $38',666.  Wine,  3,326  gallons;  value,  $4,700.  Total 
value  of  imports  from  Spain  in  1861,  $44,365. 

From  Portugal  the  impons  in  1861  are  thus  stated : 

Candles. I pounds..  1,640  tl^ 

.Corks... ..cwt....  48  155I 

Corkwood.... do.. v.  ,78 

Dried  fruit ... . , do 6  451 

Green  fruii.... :...-,. boxes..  282  53ol 

Feathers ^- pounds..  2,988  a 

Olive  oil ..'. gallons. .  1,006  1,0 

iQnions         bushels. .  828  l,Oi 

^Salt                     .\ do. . . .  186,864  17,06S| 

•Wine"..i gallons..  33,379  47,8S«I 

Total  value  of  imports  at  St.  John,  in  1861,  from  Portugal.  68,21(11 

From  Germany  ^  in  1851,  the  imports  at  the  port  of  St.  John  were  a 

follows: 

duantity.  Vdie.  j 

Bacon  and  hams cvrt . . .           372  $4,98J 

Saltbeef. do....          296  M 

Bread  and  biscuit do 48,633  198,& 

Bricks 796,100  3,* 

Butter... cwt--.        3,043  m\ 

Cabinet  wares ^^ 

Cbrdage cwt...          803  6,J 

Oatmeal ...'.barrels..           499  2,311 

Pease  (round) do....           337  2,811 

Pease  (split) cwt...           250  5I)| 

Glass  and. glassware. ■  •  ^'" 

Leather  manufactures ^  •  • •    ^"'^ 

Oakum cwt...  60 

Pitch  and  tar barrels. .           266  1.2a 

Pork cwt...        3,173  25,61 

Wine... gallons..  32 

Woollen  manufactures J"^ 

Total  value  ftom  Germany  in  1861. ^10,3 


I*- 


-^ 


*   '''**W  "  ' 


"    Doc.  ise 

The  imports  from  Denmarlc.  in  185, 

„.:   ,,.  V^^^^^^^^e  as  follows: 

Qaantity. 


---ewt., 

M... 

cwt.. 

do. . 


9,627 
36 
297 
348 


I  Bread  and  biscuit. . 

I  Bricks... 

JButter V.' 

jPork ]"* 

JGlassware ^       " ' 

J  Cotton  manufatetures' 

|Leather..i 

JFooden  vatreS. '• 

I  Woollen  manufe^ftjres."  * 

I  '  •  "  •  • »  .  ^  ^ 

Total  from  Denmark  in  1851 . 

From  the  Spanish  West  Tn^-      ,_  ••------.. 5o,760 

dlows:  '^'  Jnd.es  the  imports  in  the  v^ar  1861   "^" 

^romCuba.  '  ' 


"Ce . : . . . , 
i^ses  ..., 

[m 

Brown  sugar. 


•-}•,•' -cwt ».. 

•■-.-.do.... 

-^llons.. 

-cwt... 


rown  suj^. 


Total  value. 

'      ^^^  Porto  Rico. 
'. ---Cwt.. 

■■•■- do...; 

;'."■         *-r --.gallons.. 
'  "■".       --cwt... 


122 

26,586 

'■     68€S 

■    2,775 

47,750 


•      20 

5,403 

180 

1,269 

30,250 


P  to  this  colonvd.ir;«      L   ^^^n  our  vessph  r""vOe  interestihff 
er  understood?"^!,  ^^Igast  year,  ^^ttll  ^"P^^  ^^ 

^  he  plades  wheTcI  fh^  ^^  ^'^  ^^  St;  JohfdSL^  ""'"^^  o*" 
"l'«-^,  also  A.     ^^  ^*'^'  and  the  nafnr     ?#^®ye'ar  185i.  , 
?«»« they  S>i?lr«»  for  vrhich  ZyfSf  T  *^^S°<»«  they  ' 
WoalJn«T^-'»|y  therefore  iolk'  f»"^  *^«  nature  o^' 


j|&..-4ti^i%S 


Except  occasion 
severe  seasons  the 
St  John  is  always 

I  vessels  which  have 
of  the  year  during  i 

t  ments  have  been  p( 


Hbotfas.* 


Januaiy . . 
February. 
Harch . . . 
April 

"ay 

llune..... 

p«iy , 

Angust. . . . 
September , 
•ctober . . . 
[fovember.. 
Pecember . 

Total . 


[it  is  believed  that  th( 
mat  colony  are  inor 
jmgress.  They  wert 
lliich  are  annually  mi 
Miner— as  much  so  a 
-  My  thanks  are 
« Provincial  Assemblj 
we,  resources,  and  g 
H;  to  the  honoxabj 
feral  other  gemte^en. 


^-   J>oc.  136. 


603 


Except  occasionaflv  in  th-^     "    ,  ^ 

,  severe  seasons  the  id  «  IT  /"'^"ths  of  Februarv  an^  \r     u      , 


Dt.  rfuua  IS  aiwavs  ea«v  r.f  „ ""^oi  ui  i^iew/bundlanH   tU^  I    i. 


state- 


It  is  believed  that  the  returns  nftKo*    J 

.rtant  colony  are  more  fuU  S 1  ^ecMh^^^^^  T?^^^  ^^  *^«  im- 
TO.  They  were  compiled  from  ^^^^  T  ^^'''^  pr««ented7o 
►W  are  annuaUy  made  up,  in  Tvor^^^  returns  of  Ae  customs? 
aer-as  much  "L  as  thos^e  o?  anyclmT-n  ^**  ^°"»P^«henSe 
5LS«^«  are  presented  to  LnroM^^.  ?^':*,«"  this  conti- 


r« 


3|  ^?v  .1 


**.  H 


1 »  <  ,11 


fi 


li. 


port;  and  to 


■''••4'' 

">li: 


»^\  '    H 


.    ilS^  ^     ' 


• 


Charlotte  T 
The  island  i 
situated  in  a  c 
rence.  It  is  &( 
straits  of  North 
Diiles  wide. 

This  island  i 

line  throuah  its , 

breadth,  thirty-f 

onJj  four  miles  i 

The  east  poin 

from  Cape  Brett 

%.  the  neares 

which  this  islaa^ 

mti 

le  sur 

hilk  nt 

I  -"gut  red^  Jaa 

Jofrich  alluvium, , 
(or  else  left  dry  b 
l.lnere  are  many  bi 
liSMt  found,  gobd-, 
l«.j&ce,  by  sfnking 

J  IJesoiIisadmn 
pH  and  there 
Ttere  are  no  stones 
■"atsttch  as  is  requ 

»««.  Wheat,  oat 
.  JJced  abundanth 

^^ne  area  of  Prii 
^  equal  to  1,365 
«  population  amoui 
^toeverjr  twenty 

LJfie  climate  is  neid 
ttyg^da^^h 

3  is  very  nearh 
M-^  seaaons 


iM*n,,    / 


^'  Doc.   ise^ 
PART  IX. 


eos 


^ 


on^  four  miles  wide.  ''"''  '"  "«  '^^^^^est^itni^^.^^^  itsgreat"^ 
it>e  east  point  of  pVin,.^  p  j  ^  *''®  centre,  it  i« 

Jom  Cape  fcon,  aTone  .  ^?^  island  is  distant  t 
%.  the  nearest^    n?  v""'^'"^^  and  twentw!  ^'^^'^^^-seven  miJe, 
*h'ch  this  isla^iK    ^ ^^^foundland     ^^^^r^^^  miJes  from  C«n 

or  else  left  diVbv  2  "^  ^"^"^  *^«  «ea  by  som.  ^''^^  ''^^^d  is  a  bed 
WemrjgamffuRf^"^  ^«^essio^  o^X"^^?^'""  of  nature 

t«ied,  and  there  ifT'^^P*^**  ^or  aCTicnIf„r„i 

yO^   wenty-two  acres  of  Iand;orS;'rbSr^'^-ofS 
;ie  climate  is  neither  ^     i^  •  ^  "^^^^  to  the 

£r  ^^'y^^  SggiHs  fr^lr^er  nor  «o  hot  in  «„».^. 

T"  very  ne^lv  fk       ^  °^  ^ova  Sc^aTS.^*'^'**"*  seaaonL 
??«'•  the  JeS^  *"  «^e  as  that  of  Ca^^  S^P^  BretoTl^ 

^«"  /  .  ^  uttme  ot  St.  joim^    ^^ 


.•Ml  -f 


i*  '  ' 


(06 


H.  Doc.    186. 


i-**i«.  „«f;oA  nf  this  discovery,  although  mad?  under 
t  lett  own  flag;  but  the  """  ■"  account  of  its  fislierics. 

^*:oS^//^e'J^^^^^^^^ 

,  v-as  leasc*.by  °"*°"'y  °Vfe  J;'S  ion      Ab  the  Fm,ch  did  « I 
Jelte,  and  hU  Msociates,  as  a  fishing  Stot.^^^^^  ^^  ^^^ 

r^SCr^lUrpl^eTs'SSe^rits  colonisation,  unffl* 

bath's  rs^STtSifor'^t  or.io„Ubourg.  upoS  which, 

juch  money  was  eipendcd.  .tipulated  in  iho  midal 

At  the  taking  of  Loo'sbourg,  in  1788  tt  was  .  p 

X  of  BriUrrro^F     »  *-  contained  ten  thousand  J  ro„cl„.k*l 
K'L  .he  trea^  of  P™.>  "J^|^„»!y,t'tgfa°Srd^^^^^^^ 

k:^::^  H5^;f^stSnr.L^vi„ied «.«  ^ 

;!to  the  English.  „,„„iAtprl  in  1766,  when  it  was  diviA 

A  survey  of  thU  island  was^nf^d"!™^^  ^ 

into  sixty-seven  '<>»^'!'P»;  "^JX  ™Sn  of  two,  then  ocapirfl 
whole  of  A'*  »'!'"'''P»i?'Z!5onn  London,  in  one  day,tj« 

^^'trrsl^.Si.?K?b,Sed"a,^on^o%^^ 

t^S^  ^Ti  S  preceding  war,  and  other  per»n.*l 

•^tm'Sp^^^EdwSd  Wand  was  separated  ftom  Nov.  SojH 
In  177U  j-nnce  '='"^'**V  . ,      lieutenant  governor,  an  exccuW 

erected  into  a  separate  cpteny,  ^"^^^i^"^^  of  assembly 

'«fe'tSriv1^S»£cipl.s  of  resp-, 

1  ^uerf The  two  «>4»bips  that  -- "S^'toelra 
The  price  at  which  small  tats  aresoM  «  ^u  toee^cB  w^ 
The  proprietors  rarely  sell  any  of  •"«  ™''f '  ""^    „,„dl,  M 


■^MMicedg  to  tbeit^tenantg  trie  pnsuego  "^        -^'^^^^Sw'tfeli 
lMd!ti  twenty  years'  purchase;  but  a  majontytrftbcl. 

4o  not  grant  this  pnvile^.  ^^^  ^^^^er  of  i 

By  l£e  census  return  of  1848,  it  appetu-s  vn*  ^ 

.held^in  fee-simple  by  occupants  was  fO^^^^^ 
juices;  by  written  demise,  31,313  acres,  oy  vwuw  »6 


H.  Doc.  jise. 


acres;  'and  by  squatters  6fl  aq.i  *  ^^ 

^MSl  bushels,  „„,,    ,4„,1'°?";  *'"'«- 219,787  bii«lw..  i,    . 

j»p..i53.933Vstisrcreia*',^^^^^^ 

«m.    Thoquo„,«yofp„,a,ocsi„  Jsi,*'       P°"."*!  "■"' l,„y,  46  128 

mmmMm 

I  « 


■*'  ■'!^ 


f- 


CoantiiM. 


1850. 


ilQqgdoffl 

'sutef .*;.■;; 

Total ' 


Iu«port8. 


#192,030 

300,280 

1.140 

82,580 


Export..         Import..    I    Export.. 


#82,890 

174,940 

8,535 

32,410 


♦879,898 

308,409 

565 

41,603 


5^6.040  892.775    ,"^.-^ 


181,343 
4,165 
"">385 


U'lllIl.^'te^f'^rvte^Sr^'--^^^  and  ^^^^^^ 

fe  T^  °f  »^  vS°M^'i'  "P'T'  *"  -  the  year 

' '«'  ■«  U»ni,f  "•«""''  «  Prince  KdiiS  U.ni  in  ,8W 


608 

No.  1.- 

H 

~Ve$$eh 

.  Doc.   186. 

,  entered  and  cleared  in 

1860. 

- 

Inward. 

Outiraid. 

Countriet. 

No. 

Tom. 

/ 

^0. 

Tor 

f- 

18 
.  498 

4,533 
17,691 

64 

518 

49 

,    7 

\%6 

23,ei 

4,M 

OreatBntain 

Britiih  colonitia • 

34              'Aa'" 
7                 235 

Uoitea  oMiw»  ^ 

TlAVAlffn  f^bjltAft    ..>•••-  •----:*  •---■' 

TotaJ 

557            95,017 

6:18 

40,S 

Number  of  seamen  inward,  2,082 ;  number  oumard.  2,301. 
No.  2.— FewcZ*  entered  and  cleared  in  1861. 


Coontriet. 


Great  Britain... 
BritiBh  colonies. 
United  States  . . 
Foreign  States. . 


Total. 


Inward. 

■ 

Onhrud. 

No. 

Tom. 

No. 

Tw 
Mi 

18 

470 

43 

2 

4,140 

18,043 

S,724 

87 

45' 

488 

86 

2 

533 

24,993 

621 

«, 

,     Number  of  seamen  inw^d,  2.370 ;  number  outward,  3,631. 
]     The  value  of  the  exports  of  this  Islaiid  colony  in  1861  wa^«| 

To  Great  Britain --  •. ■ 

"  British  North  American  colonies 


H                        Total... 

;-;7. 

.......  i 

M 

■ '  '    .1 

« 

>. 

HB. 

■"- 

■  ^   ;" 

•  / 

j/',j/i''f1 

^Aj.>fiMm 

). 

Ton 

45' 

H 

88 

^ 

m 

ii 

2 

f 

81 

41, 

H.   Doc.  180.  J_^ 

I  TkfiUmcine  it  a  ttatemau  «/•  ,t.  *Wph 

I  maU  dnu:k,  the  growth  Lh^  y«««'«'y,  rate,  and  amou^  „/  j 


Artielea. 


Kate  of  dnty. 


pples  and  onions 

itionery . . 

and  shoes/ . . 
Ireadstufls 

rniug  fluid 

lafldles  and  soap. 

'm and  cornmeaj.j  844 hhh.'Sc^ ooku  " "  f " - ■  -do. . . . 
goods I  T'is  ».^  I       '     ""%'s.  ...       ,1 


5  per  cent . . . 
•  -  - . .do 

iOpr  cent."' 
5  ptr  cent . . . 
do 

-do....;; 


ugs  and 
icioeSk. 

or 

d<^are 
her.. 


medi^ 


J  aiid  spikes, 
nges  and  lemons. 


59'-.... do.. 
053  barrels 
80  packages. 


do... 

51  25  pr.  bbi.' 


"^''tar \^51han, 


15,112  pounds o  P^""  '^^"^  •  •  - 

42.423  galJons.". f  ;;ts.  per  lb. . . 

182  packages    \  l""^'  P«^  «aU. 

89..:.  .do       [5  per  cent. 


els. 


11  packages'.".'.";.'." '  1  ?  P'^''  '^^"^  •  -  •  • 


7,800  gaUons 


5  per 


lishandturp 


en- 


202  bags 2?* cts.pr.gall. 


>ags 

282.... 

349  cwt. . 

42,103  pouncb .".■*"" 

11.487..  do....;:;; 


...-25  packages.......  (5 


^"^we 62.: 

TOS 

Total. 


.do. 


per  cent 
I0...do 
«...do 


.^^S^i:^^:^^^  -bovedut3.of  luoaa 

H  laland  in  British  ."sse£  wiSh^  ""'  '™P«rte/il  Jw 
^l^^J^Je^eept^on  oT  .e^haS 

Sib  difference  betwelnfhf  ''.'"""^"""g  "o  «6.42»-  ^^ 

'w^egraadyrediecir/rom^*^" '^'  in  18S1  the  iSt. 


free, 
S  pei 

*1  Stfpercwt. 
8  cts.  per  lb 
6 do 


m 

ft*  a. 

^ 

||l|t 

r 
I 


i; 


V 


^'*;-' 


^,klii\H» 


■:t:^/ 


"rk 


«10 


H.   Doc.  136. 


dudes  in  1860,  only  $6,420  was  received  on  articles  of  American  pre 
Son;  whUe  in  1860,  with  diminished  rates, the  duties  on  American 
moduct  on  were  increased  to  $14,020  in  the  aggregate. 
^TTrl  inference,  from  this  state  of  focts  t^t  Prince  Edward 
Island  would  take  a  much  larger  amount  of  American  goods  it  the 
dSwere  still  farther  reduced,  or  if  no  duties  whatsoever  were  levied 

"""T'^'SrS^ned  in  1851  to  the  United  States,  of  the  growth,. 
nroduce  of  the  Island,  were  fis  follows: 

^bX,  17,929  bushels;  boards  and  plank,  12^00  fee  ;  iron  OOcxvt, 
^S,  9lead ;  firewood.  20  cords ;  dry  fish,  050  quintals ;  picUed  fc  , 
tTse  barrels  hard  woo<l.  74  tons ;  horses,  3  ;  hacmatac  knees  2  2,  . 
okte,  222,109  bushels ;  potatoes,  45,942,  bushels  ;  turnips,  3,090  bush- 
<*!«:  wool.  1,700  pounds.  ^.         ,         ,  .  , 

The  value  of  the  foregoing,  with  the  value  of  sundry  other  art.de. 
not  enumerated,  amounted  together  to  $119,236.  The^N^duc  of  s..„dor 
articles  exported  to  the  United  States  m  1850  was  only  $5o,ShO 

It  is  obvious,  therefore,  that  the  increased  import  from  the  Ln  c 
States  in  1851  was  coupled  with  an  increased  export  to  the  Lnited 

^  ^"rhVfolbwhiris  a  statement  of. the  American  vessels  and  their i 
cargoes  which  entered  and  cleared  at  Prince  Ldward  Island  lu  Ibol-. 


Kame  of  vessel. 


Denmark 

Native  American . 


Iowa. 


BoUBuimer 

fioloii »^ 

Cadmus ■ 

BoURmmer 

Diana 

linda 

43>mmerce 


Tons. 


63 
115 

74 

V 

73 
72 
64 
115 
72 
70 
86 
78 


Where  from. 


Gloucester  . . . 
Newburyport . 

United  States 

do < 

do 

do 

do.  —  . 

..."...do-..-. 

.....do 

.. ...do 

.....do 


Cargo. 


Flour  and  meul 
do 


Gin,  molil88e»,i 

aud4lour. 
Flour.tea,  &c. do 


do 

do...,. 

...-.^.do 

.'do 

do 

Dry  good* . . , 
•#« 


Wliunoe  cleared.      Cargo. 


Oati., 

OatH  mdl 

potatodl 

....do....! 

...do.... 


Gloucester  . . . 
Newburyport . 

United  ^atcs 


..do.. 
..do.. 
...do., 
...do.. 
.,  .do.. 
...do.. 
...do.. 


.do... 
.do... 
.do... 


U.^ 


"♦ 


M 


H.   Doc.  136. 


I     fJ'e  f«"«wing  abstract  «fves  .  v.  \  ^^^ 

I  -^«- of  this  co4  Z  J -7  -t.sfecto,^  view  of  the  trade 

I  '  ' 

I  tl)  iPMel«,  15,721  tons  at  f  t  /■  ,     , 

IfiTle,,  30.581  buHl.4'      -^^  ^"'''*"«'  '-'"^'•onO')  P<t  t.„ 

iBoardi  and  dca/s,  1,407  (WoV^'l 

I W,  39  barroJ,. . . .  '^'^'^^  *''^*'  «"«l  C.316  ,,fec;:« 

IMer,  150  tubs  . .         

ICittle,  363  bead       


I%(i«h,7,687i  quVntais"" ^ --.'-'.''.' 

■fifUed  fish,  3,624  barrels 

Jm,3  cases 

fcl«,  2  caska |  [ ' 

pw*,  97 ' 

-uhwood,  649  cords • 

il,  4*1  gallong 

w,  365,695  bushels 

-lincjil,  5i  tons-34  sacks'  "/2V1" h" " " ", ■ 

pri[,46barrelg 

h'^l-'SS.!^  bushels" ---." 

n.796 

J«Im,  220,772  Jf 

wp,2<5head 

•dries 

™'P«, 27,343  buVheis «-----".".".' 


1,865' 


-rJor^lup  chandler...::::;--..- .     «53.,755 

62,884 


V(J'^ 


KTEIICOUES 

The  indust 
Iniesis^princif 
jests;  in  expo 
lotherUritisli  j 
I  fi-om  thence,  ii 
llkcture  is  ill  i 
Icousists  their 
Ifiritish  shippin 
The  most  in 
well  as  the  mo 
llofiy,  wide-spn 
pand,  and,  for 
without  having 
\iikt  nature,  fo 

The  importa 
England  is  so  i 

ne  supremao}! 
lave  been  creat 
|ve  employmen 
1  To  show  the 
Ind  the  North  A 
|liese  have  beei 
lay  be  relied  uj 

official  vol 
Non 

Coloniog. 

•  ,.. 
I  Scotia 

rBnmiwick 

banjluid 

iTotil 


H.  Doc.  13e. 


61B 


I'ART  X.  t 


<!» 


I  .'^!«''"f^"«fy«f  the  inhabitants  of  ,Je  BritJ.I,  iv     u  * 
mesi^princpally  engaged  in  agriculture  th?fi  V     ''^  American  colo- 
"f ;  in  exporf ing  the  products  o^  which  to  .f  tT  •'''  T"""''  «"^»  ^^r-  ' 
other  Brmsli  possessions,  and  to  somTforeiLn        ^"•'^'^  ^^"g^«^"  «nJ 
from  thence,  m  exchang^ahe  various  reS.'^wl?'"''''  ^^,  ^'"Porting 

llacture  is  ill  suited  to  the  climate  or  SSnr'T'''^''^  ^'^ '"«"«■ 

SsiS^^^^'-^  ^^  ^-  -^-o?^;£^:,is-:^ons. 

CtSnSS^&litS  7^-^^  ^-'^  America,  as 

My,  wide-spreading,  a^cfaLarentlvEf,  i^  '"""J-^'  '^  ^he  forestl 

land,  and,  (or  a  lar|e  part,  vet  untrL  1  H^"""  unplantcd  by  the 

Lhout  having  pIanWor;o';:n,htl';:^^^^^^^^  ^^-^ 

J  The  importance  and  value  nf  th     at 

England  is  so  fully  established,  as  to  T^p'h  A"y'^''i"  ti'^ber  trade  to 
fnesuprema^^y  of  England  has  becn^zLnr^%''""^^-  '^^^  "^^ri- 
lave  been  created  for  tr  manure  ail  Tl  '^^  ^K'f^^ '"^^^^s 
Iveemnloyment,  has  been  found  for  hor'sui.^J'"'"''',  ^^"'^  '•^muncra- 

I  To  show  the  rise  and  procress  nfhLT,   P"P»J'"ion. 

khe  North  AmericSioEsttfS/n^^^^  '^'^^^'"^  ^^^'"^t  Britain 
[be  have  been  carefully  ^-Sird  fio  i  p'"^-''^^""'^"^^  ■'^^'  offered. 
lay  be  rehed  upon.         ^         ^"^  ''"'"  ParhaRientary  returns,  and 

I  "^ 

ml  official  value  of  goods  vrnnr,^,i  ,         r^ 
Coloniog. 


4.'  ? 


»  Scotu 

•Bfamwick 

« Edward  Igland. 


12,208,528        $2,030,:n:{ 
389,904    I         121,40!) 


*<.701,220    I    18.821,003 
1,082,937  2,195,598 

-"^-aaO  984.676 


^»f;<Mr 


4,601,645  3,956,287 


15,884 
8,721,903 


«,  760, 548        14,801,885 


■i' 


Jfjtmn 


'V 


.  ^ 


614 


H.  I>oc.  136. 


As  maikin«  the  progress  and  extent  of  the  trade  between  the  United 
Kingdom  and  the  North  American  colonies,  tlie  following  return  is  pre- 
sentid,  showing  the  ships  and  tonnage  inward  and  outward  in  Great 
Britain  and  Ireland,  to  and  from  those  colonies,  di^guishing  Bm,sk 
from  foreign,  from  1840  to 4850,  both  years  inclusive:      ^  ,v. 


Ycare. 


IN  W  Alt]). 


1840  . 

1841  . 
1843  . 

1843  . 

1844  . 

1845  . 
1846 
1847 
1848 


British. 


Foreign. 


Ship*. 


Tom.       Ships. 


184a,-«T. 
1850 


2,416  808,222 
2,461  841,348 
1,555  541,451 
2,215  771,905 
2,284  789,410 
3,018  1,090,224 
2,887  1,076,162 
2,459  953,466 
2,279  886,096 
This  re^tnni  wentin 
2, 036 J    798,080 


Tons. 


OUTWARD. 


British. 


Forrigt. 


Ships.         Tons,      i  Ships. 


.274 


170     6^,580 


2,099 
1,937 
1,333 
1,996 

t,060 
,510 
2,666 
2,174 
1,766 


1,337 


694,094 
652,725 
446,842 
710,608 
r22i299 
917,423 
978,590 
^9,809 
668,087 


Tow, 


2,2131 
39tl 


29 


480,279 


M 

m 


43 


Vo,$ 


The  official  value  of  the  import  '^"^.^'^P^'^L^t.^i'sTs^'s"  id 
Britain  and  the  North  American  colonies,  lor  the  jeais  1818, 1815^ 
1820,  1832,  1838,  1843,  and  1S4S,  is  thus  stated:  | 


.'0', 


■*  ji 


|o(0  Imports. 
^  Exports. 


$6,610,215 
8,976,320 


•7  7i0fl05  t6064iJ25lll,779,260|12,114,765,$l«^l,415 
lJ:SS     8:S8i:580     9',544:785  11,696,035  11,287^ 


(11.379^1 
11,21 


The  amount  of  tonnage  inward  and  outward  between  Great  M 
and  th?^Lies,  in  1800.  1805,  and  1815,  was  as  foUows: 


Colonies. 


Canada . 
Nora  Scotia . 


New BrunnHck....  ■• 
Prince  Edward  Island 
Newfoundland 


een  the  United 
I  return  is  pre- 
:ward  in, Great, 
uishing  British 

WARD. 


Fon-ign. 


1 

Shipa. 

Tom. 

04 

7 

2,21! 

•^5 

•  1 

M 

142 



)()8 

1 

m 

m 

2 

m 

m 

1 

414 

i90 

7 

3,41(1 

S09 

!K) 

C,3S 

[)87 

279 

"43 

"m 

!  between  Grea 
eai-s  1818, 181  j 


1843. 


110^1 ,415  $11,279JJ 
11,287^  11,240,11 


m.\ 


een  Great  Brita 
lows : 


1815. 


Invard. 


Oun 


B)        31,405 
14        21,087 

=^^"  5,W 
14,1^1 


total 


^        a   Doc.  136.  )|y^ 

The  fbUowing  stateniept,  cptm>l^  frnrn  off-  •  i 
^  tonnage  mward  in  Great  BhSK  T     T*^i?^  ^^^"'^s?  exhibits  the 
clones   88  also  tHe  ;tota^'wt^„^^^^^ 

I  -■-     .  I i 


1850. 


Odtward. 


ToHg.l     Tons: 
7>  045 1,37.%  724 


^  «» 1 ,  480, 8071.  7, 04511  17'1  roj 

S««>«nd- 268,W..     ■*y'g>724 

Iretaid.... 210  i'i«   '«o,482 

SLeii,bnd«  ::  ^^a'S 149,095 

•  '        ^'"°^' I        7,138 


Tons. 

12,370 

230 


n 

Totis. 

1,258,478 

17^,574 

90,012 

3,498 


1.385, 46892,431 


^It  will  be  borne  in  mind  thatn     tK     Tu  ' • 

We'  in  the  navigation  laws  of  fILi.    i        ''^  January,  i860,  the 

the  foregoing  table.  fh.re/bre,4ows^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 

was  engaged  during  that  veai*  in  il,l      S    %     *«  which  foreign  tonnace 

tie  North  Americafcolonfes  ''""^^  ^'''^^^"  Great  Britain^, 

Britain  'aS'^ef  ShTScan  coloL^^  *''^^^.  ^^^««"^  Great 
Jltements.  which  commence  Sh  t  'ear  S"''?  V^^-^-^oyring 
Jreimported.  into  Great  Britain,  from^the  S  A^  '^^'^"^  ^«^ 
[ the foUowing quantities  of  timber:  ."'''  ^^"^  4^erica^oloiue«i. 


843    \do    "^ak  timber. 
1  850  masts.  .» 

7^t'^^"'''^ds)  or  deals.       ' 
7,214  hundreds  staves,  mf- 

Inl819thetimbertrade  withNortK  Arv,    •    ',    ,-lfe      ' 
«  wJI  be  pe,^  i,ed  by  the  Stving  stale^^'n?^  f^^  ^*=^«^^ 
ereal  Bntaui  from  the  colonies  in  Sfat  yerf"^  "^  timW  imported  into. 

266,297  loads  fir  timber. 

9,482  loads  oak  timber. 
14,170  masts. 

9'S68  (standard  hundreds)  deals.    '"  "        " 
4W,998  hunth'ed^^tgveg;^ u°«  ^ 

»  •  •  •  e  . 


i.'Jim?!:' 


.1 


■H.     Doc.    wBy-irjM^.^^^ 

TbtM  impm-ted  into  the  United  Ki^jM^^ho%^ 


m*^ 


"kmrn^ 


mm :  v-«^ 


..-4 — 

imber,  rapvfeet.. 
^mber,  cubtS  |fe<>t. 

feet.  ...---- 


311,035,800 


k  ^331,1 


31,956,700  8,'f«,2(W  "— '-|^';^|!  ^-r-  --^J 
24,944,55dl7,148,iJ50 


■•  V^^'V^O 


%ih 


:j9,Sr4,500 14,101,400 

« — 


23,386,500 


18,365,raO 


31 ,150,000, 13,60C,10I) 


Total  ttmbej^npofied. 


\ 


^ed  lumber,  «up.  feet.. 
Square  timber*  cubic  feet,. 
Tbnber,  sawed  or  split, 

cubic  ftet i... - 

Timber,  iflot    nawed   or 

split,  cubic  feet .  .....' 

Staves,  cubic  feet . . , 


'313,442,250 

•32,336,100ld,557,500 


Offioiai-yaluoi 


•212,8501 


'24,691,300|l9,eS6,350i»21,833,950 


*;»,315,750!l4,765,G50i»31,015,4nfl 
^•4»417,:{50! j  *4,129,400l 


$0,281,075 


$7,936,020 


$6,326,»I0 


rat 


N0T-.-Quaiititie8  marked  .thus  •  may  be  considered  a.  wholly  from  tlH,  British  S«j 

'^uZ^t^Tij^yeMen^recoravaeiiFo^tl^e^^^^^  ^^  Navigation  Acco« 

and  the  Yearly  Treasury  Finance  Retunw.  -^M 


..^ 


To  those  acquaintqa  -with  tl?.e 
sly  explain  themsdvcs ;  ^"* 
'  J  the  state  of  thei  Non 
s,  the  ioUowing  statem( 
if  ^rade/is  submitted: 
Coloninl  timber  and  deals 
«^4t)  cubic  feet^- In  1849^ 


til 


Irade,  these  returns  will  ve 
''  t<T  present  in  more  precij 
_„.  timber  (j^fino^  the  last  tliH 
tied  from  the-retunis  of  the  Bof 


ito 


_  the.  United  Kingdom,  in 
iu  1850,  1,056,987;  in  1 


1,119,000. 
^  In  1847  there  was  tt  largR  red 
,/ferffeign  timber ;  and  in  the  Nor 


ihe  duties  on  Baltic  and 
ican  colonies,  gr< 

of  those  duties  W( 
sions  were  enienaineu  ihui  "»o  x^^m^---  j«  "r'\^  , 

injurious,  if  not  aknost  fatal,  to  the  colonial  tunber  trade. 


loftignumoer;  ana  lu  .u.  -- "'7*^?^ °^T^t?;«Sd te W 
sions  were  entertained  that  the  rcmiasion  of  those  duties  would  be  W 


ii^ 


18,3(w,raO 


,ll5O,O(XU3,6S6,ll)0 


18G0. 


on   00 

H 

as 

55 

2| 

£5 

•56,100 

1,833,950 

17,9;i,C 

1,015,400 

12,513,13 

'4,129,400!. 


$6,326,:U0 


u  the  Britiali  N«i 
Navigation  Accoo 


eturns  will  va 
n  more  precij 
y  the  last  tk 
ms  of  the  Ba 


ingclom,ml( 
6,987;  in  i: 


Baltic  and  ( 
great  appreh 
would  be  hij^ 
le. 


^-   Doc.  136.  1, 

Such,  however,  has  hot  nrr.     1  -617 

Foreign  ^i'»C":^ZStj','"f^''S  «"<SnT    *"'™  ^'^  «*^ 
Tie  eBeot  of  ope„i„i'  ff '^''^  i  »  WSO.  009,092  •)„?«??'=,'"  '<Hs 
Hy  feared  at  the  out  "/„     '"^'"""^  i.np?,rtatta„  l,,^     reduction 
.ESphd  has  caused  n.l.J^'     ■  r"""eased  <;ons„m„S  ''y<^«>>'n- 

le  duties.  ^       ""'^*''  ^^^^  i»e  ever  did  bXo^I      ^  'J"'^^  "°^  ' 

Besides  timber  thero .         i.  '  x    "'^ '"^'^"^'tion  of;, 

|Efl$land  possesses  no  nurserv  far  «  • 

pencan  colonial  trade      rI-^       seamen  at  alT  eouil  to  i      xt     , 

r„i     "fPPsner  battles  finorML         "P"old  the  honor  of  th^.V  - 


p 

i 


r 


>'-.l 

< 


# 


■r 


\} 


it\ 


\ 


\ 


TRADE  OF  TJI 
WITH  Tl 

The  direct  t 

the  Union  and 

jearsi  becorine 

more  tWn  ordi 

Prob^lytht 

I  tlie  rapid  Increj 

I  great  agenKaiK 

IcontributionsX^i 

jSiates,  is  moA 

pill  greater  and 

I  The  great  ad( 

Ibj  the  British  c( 

liiiifand  influent 

fionof  the  leadii 

^  The  great  mai 

f  advantages 

^ce  with  aJl  m 

ieii*j3iiward  pro^ 

™V  command 

I  The|extent  of  < 

J  is  most  ] 

I  Comrrtpncing  a 

lies,  tb^e  is  mi 

u„    .  ^d  the 

JnovaScbtia,  w 

fCape  Brobn,  ar 

I  that  large\  arm 

W;"  next,  the  ej 

F>  the  Bay  Vf  ( 

ward  island, 

(lor  coaa 

•"' 3,500  L^, 

"Ktmce  and  ■  „^ 

P"  this  greaiext( 

Ment  harbors,  m 
^miles  " 


Pehandsomiean 
Ned,  wa,-.  prep 

^»"gi»al  surveys 


H-   Poc.  130. 


6I» 


PART  XL 

TRADE  OF  tm  PEINriP4  r  a  tt  « v™, ' 
The  direct  trade  bv  se-i  U^  ,  "^^^  ^li>hK, 

^  fc  "paYoreLr^d  eo„l™'''° ,™!'  '""'■•«ing  feature  of  ,1.  • 

U  »d  influential™  wr  f  ,r"!%  Cousidered  rnoH?  ft!  •""'""' 

T  ^"'6  «t  tne  river  SV    n    •      i  ^v 

»M,tli«re  is  much  coast  andL,      «''''°  ''""ndary  of  the  rr„iJi' 

feg^  tSSi^li^igg  St^  and 

h.rfet.j^X  0'R™P'''?!t%  'tis  sir?°'Sa<^HJ'™''"'o 


^"^jFm^^  neipHed 


,  i 1 f  ^arr  ,a 


H. 


Doc.  136. 


<P 


■■'Wf 


i 


'^^  '  ^   .^.^  „na  of  the  hichest  authotity}  tlipywcre 

are  of  the  most  tecent  date,  md  ol  [^^^^^  from  England  and 

obtained  >vith.  soma  ^^o^e  ^^  ^J  much^  J  ^^^^^         ^^^^  ^^ 
from  the  provinces,     i  nese  iw      ^^.^^  .^  recommended  as  or.c  oj  tlic 
and  the  resuU  i^MjgfiijJ.  ^^^^^    peculiar  configiinrtwa^of  the  Gulf 
Vst  yet  pre?^'PS''*^T^T?TcoloBes  which  arcj  washed  by  its  wuterV 

with  their  infanity  oi-  nvtia  |-  ^^^^  g^j^^ 

coves,  inlets,  <^«^"«"?.^-f  "'^'l>^d  elsowh^^^  the  same  extorvKtn„«.| 
There  cannpt,  perhaps,  ^1^^/^""^^^^^^  all  tlu)  n.iui.itei 

products  must  not  only  exist,  but  vyiUotn^j.^^^^ ^^^^^^^^  ^ 

Lial.if  notabsoMj^.esscnt^l  t^^^^^^  to  .mv>lic 

wise  and  truthful  spirit  of  comm«ctw^  .^  ^^       |  j 

whether  British,  American,  or  coloma^^^  bdNVcenf  ^ 

interwoven.  .  r  ,r„ll-,ml  nnd  Prince  Edward  I^landJ 

•  ^"^  i^iit'^S::  Bursts  «•""■;.  -*  ™ii«'  i 

„f  the  value  of  their  ma^ml  .■"'f ";«  '  ^  ^  tlie  Untel  Si*. 
&r  Apf^  literal  c"rameffi.d  P^'^'J^Xt" 'Jtr.ufc  "f  Iho  ««r> 

colonies  is  cluetly  (oniinoii  lu  ^     ^-^j   Ugcom  iiK  >'»>";  gonenil 
^e„mn«rdaU„.e-ur^^^^^^ 

SP^e  towns  fim  f^!P^"?J|.  .    •    .u„  benefits. 

^d  iniiladelph&so.pg*^  ,,i«,,„e..  dj 

tainmg  g^^^^Msl^th  refbrence  to4tain  natural  products  ofS 

P^S"s^oT^^^^^^  duty  of  the  gove.mncnts  «t  th  j 

:  spective^Witri#,      .  :i^„,,.:ol  <iv<»tcm  should  bo  to  crcatef 

^The  f^object  of  every  ^""^ry^'t'/ H-^k  L"  ^^  ^  ^'«^™ 

uphold  a  l^eat  ^omrt^^f^^^^'^J^M^^^^^     <>f  a  large  J 

principle,  -^^^'f^^^^yjS^f^  the  means  of  affordiu^r  It  bcieWj 

mercial  marine  is  to  be  Jaia  in  '^"^^  *  j^i  „ut,   ii  short,  extal 

ployment.     Without  such  f™P^^y"^^"\JS 

bommeree,  and  great  «»P^tal   ^su^^^'^m  '^ 'ct  nrigation  laws  Q 

no  laws  merely  protective  ^'^^  ^;^  '  J^'ircomnim-y  smi 

Hlwayfitn-eated  a  roaring.,.  PoglE^lg^l^  n,,^^       mW 

de^nd  on  the  habits,  V^''^'''r}^TC^^yC^^f 

chSacter,  rather  than  on  any  ^^°f,«^f^^^J^^^^^^ 


The  tonnage  ir 
lAmerican  colonic 
loo  the  average  of 
British  vessels. 

In  1816,  the  toi 

British,  18,378. 

the  average  of 
m;  American,  C 

In  the  year  1S3 
kritish,  2(>;765.  ton 

The  tonnage  ini 
11,367 tons;  Amei 
I  The  decrease  of 

1  restrictions,  efi 
p  falh'ng  off  in  i 
1,251  tons,  or  rnoi 
I  The  absurd  and 
W  navigation  bet 
|»iv?d;  and  in  184 
] follows:  British 
jS,749tons. 
Ihitheshbrt  perioc 
I  tonnage  betwreen 
Wthirteeti-fold !  •, 
pUorijto  up  thij 
ktesinlBO  was: 

.l,^7,06(^tons. 
pie  astonishing  ii 
|b  followed  in  the  t 
wising  increase,  a 
fcmences  the  year 
p  first  table  here 
Ivalwofthe  vario 

y-'three  Atlantic 
Bwick,  Nova  Sc( 

jUie  year  1851. 


^ 

'  •  ■ 

^'   ■ 

\ 

mj 

.  i,  <  ■  - 

■  ■  V  ' 

.,., 

>-•■.,, 

--p.. 


H.   Doc.  186. 


eii 


I  The  tonnage  inward  from  th    tt  •  v** 

lim«al.  colonies  during  ih^''yo»r^fJi^''i'S'  "'^.'^  British  North 

p;.3r^'^°-^---M^i'Srnt^;''ar^-j 

Tl,e.«rage  of  .he  years  iS^^^Z^"^"^'  ^*M>  <ons  ' 

ferrrfn:s?-*""''i"SLa!^^^^^^ 

I  ne<lecreMeof,„m±fn'l,  "•'■'""'•  "'''It^ik^  ''" 

[*«.^BriL,  «,„.-t7-«e -r^^^^^^ 

lln  the  shbrt  period  of  nine  vf>n  '        ' 

Itonnage  between  the  United  Smerand?f'"^''i^"^'  ^'•^'^^°'"  of  trade, 
fth'r^fa-fold !  •  ^'''''^'  ^"'^  the  colonies  increased  more- 

^(^wi^^BSS^^rS^i"-^  ^-  ^h«  United  ^*  = 
J.I^7,06G;tons.  '^'^  ^''"''  American,  994,808  tons:  J 

teiS^?g3r^;':,£ti3-u.  preceded-1840." 

hmg  Increase,  amounting  to  ZTthZotji^  ^^''"^  ^y  ^""ther 
knees  the  year  1851.    ^      "^'^'^^  thaii  250  pbr  cent.  /    ^now 

Mree  Atlantic  ports  of  theTJnrf  i'*"  P'^'^<^'^<'^^^P^W^ 

W,  Nova  Scoda?  NlfouSnd  ®'Trf"  '^'  <=oloK^ew 
« ihe  year  1851.        ''^^^«""dland,  and  Prince  Edward  Island, 


fk     s. 


-IJI 


H.  l>oc.  186. 


4m  •        •        I    •    .  ■  •    •        •_  ..  — ■ — --r *—  - 

, —' — — '  - — : — r~7~~> — rxr~  \o  no  to  k  B  fi   '•  '•'C 


r 


n 


[  Here  is  an  export  tri 

lintic  seaports  to  th< 

jiiiKiie  than  two  and 

I  of  the  exports  fr 

^seenby  the  table w 

,«Dd  value  of  the  ^ 

(the  same  twent}'-tl 


^-   I>oc.  186.  fg^ 

H«e  is  an  export  trade  of  do  Wbo 

ihntic  seaports  to  the  lower  cSv«  S'?^"^^!^^'"  some  only  of  our 
,.jm  than  two  and  a  half  ^ZZ  oilht^  ^T  y««^'  '"nountT 
ok  of  the  exports  from  the  portVScV.^^^^^  iTet  this  is  not  thf 
seen  by  the  table  which  folfews  exS?  V^°^^  '^^\omm,  as  wS 
'f  value  of  the  various  aSes  tf  r^-  "^^  ^^«<^ription;quar^ 
.the  same  twentj^-three  portsTthetS Kr^o^^^^^^^    4orted 

"uj  lower  coJonies  m  185X. 


ri,. 


f  ■ 


I    I 


,b 


m^f; 


# 


**■. 


•1--? 

m 

.*fc 


t' 


'*  '. 


w 


#1 


■:i^ 


624 


H;  Doc»  136. 


t) 


s 


o 

s 


m^j. 


•pa^wanmo^"!! 


•e9Jm 


•dmaq-V338pio5 


•sspiH 


paup  ptw  apw!^ 


•rf>uids 


•gasOTioK 


.reStig 


IS  I'll  j  i  i  i ; ;  -S!  i^^S  :  J  •  :  •  • 

g- :  r  :  i  i  i  j : :   jig"  ,i4  i :  = ; 

•       •  •*'*»*•  •  *       *       *       '     ,*      ', 

— ""■".  '•~^~^TrT^if^-  "oast  ':  i  i  i  i  i 

*^  '. '.',','•'•'•  ''W^     :  1  ^  1  t  I 

2  :  ■  •  •  •  i  i  ;  i  i  :  :  :  i  i  ;  V: ; 


13     : 


to    • 


^rrrr 


.  •»*  «  2* 
.rtODO 
•  O  t-  00 


■  ij'  lA.  ■ 


:§' 


^^t^-:-f 


V  : 


CI 


S8 


;    1  e>   '.  to  ""I  ®    ' 


^rt- 


.  -l*   i 


;'..•;;;:    f^        :ed*»        I    ;    ;   f  ;T 


?g  ;  :  i  if^  i" 


'3'9 


,4*5     •  eo  ^  v<  Bj 


•  OBiOi 

•S5 


•3»B00  1    ^ 


S  ••  : 


-"■l^Jo- 


:,:  L :iJ-i- 


•  :  iS5  :il 


■«ax 


■:)«aqA  pm  jnoLl 


»     •.:  :  i  i  ii  :*:.    :®»^  i  i  iiii 


;  *5  .j 

■    •        •        •        •    .  •  3 
•  •   •        •        •        •  , 


f" 


;       ~rrV :  f :  I  :  :.  i  :  :  i  i  :  :'  :  i'  i  •  ;  :'i 


.   I  •   •  igh  ;   ;   ,   , 

:  1  !  !   I  .'•-•■  5  •  •   •  ;  ;  ',  \  I  •<  »•  i  » ■,' ;  i 

•  •  •■'1  i"  v  i=»»     :•••••;;    .,.  ^•  ■; 

;•§  :  'L^aS  ".  •■  *•*:  '•  •l.i  •  ;:  :  :•; 


hhiimmluHmil 


mimwMBm 


««« 

ft 

j 

0  5 

f 

-   Q, 

j 

■  0  a 

«        - 

m 

A  0 

■•  y 

?  « 

*d. 

I 

.:  » 

■T  3      , 

!    * 

■/■'u 

-i 

"-  r; 

,' 

^^.. 

;   i 

■:  a-H 

:;:iO 

,  "'^ 

8  •'CO 

:v  w, 

1 

ac  u 

r  1 

-  0  cj„ 

3P 

jr 

5-   y^ 

(- 

■>-2 

i-:  •* 

■   c 

b"  ~  "C 

g 

^■? 

ji.,5 

'c'';.. 

'  ■'2 

(  =  ■3  ' 

;  '   n 

1!=  U  .- 

1  fi 

X 

:!' 

^1 


la   ;      ; 


4 


41 


00     • 

r-*      • 

I-l      • 

«      • 

*'•■ 

J 

334 

i>  ..    • 

yj  ^ 

OS 

h.  00 

«26 


H.   Doc.  186. 


,  .   .  „  ^,^r.,lpn«jpfl  fot-m,  and  place  the  value  of  this 

To  exhibU  in  a  "^"^J^?^"'^^^^^^^  and  appreciated, 

colonial  trade  m  a  P^^f^^^^^^^^^^^^ 

duced  from  tlie  preceding  statements.. 


PAI 


^" 


*  » 


•■^■M 


^-i»6trict8. 


Doiuestic. 


ExportB. 

Foreign. 


Total  eiports.]     Imports. 


Totul  ex|wn» 
!  audimportt. 

1   :• 


PaagwnsqutKldy 

Portland  and  Kalmouth.  -  j 

PenobBCOt - ( 

Machias |  • 

Portsmouth , 

Newiwrt, -■■  ;■ 

proridenco  ■  - ' 

Fall  River • 

Fairfield 

Middletown 

New  London 

Marbleliead ] 

Salem  and  K<!verly <■ 

Gloucester { 

lioston  and  CbarhsHtowii 
New  York 


14,0(58 

H7(),  !«» 
«rj4,  (Irt7 


$28, 8<W 
I,«il7 


l.PfiO 


$458,562  I 
;54,590  , 
492 


5491  14,017 


2;»7,  -.m 

7-.K,2n2 


New  York 1      Tl^  350  1  .l.HH 

Philadelphia X'^m) 

Baltimore j      ^"f'^ul .; 


Wilmington 
Elizabeth  City 
Camden  . .  -  ^  - 

Edenton 

Savannah 


1.118 
IJ,  KK) 


1,173,578 

1,686,289  i 

128,468  j 

172, 530  [ 

1,118  1. 

13, 100  J. 


$107, 402  1 
22,6t>8  I 

494 

12,251  \ 
1,4:52  t 

15, 886  i 

.      10,221  I 

4,020  ' 

128  i 

2.  122 

6,774  1 

32,703  ! 

11,259  j 

949,241 

271,681  ! 
50,083 
25,962  j 


57, 'W 

m 

m 

Hi.  4113. 1 

1.4K 
lii,*» 

4.(14)  I 

iial 

S.~4l 

4-3 

ll,%t| 

'i,122.«!)l 

1,!K)7,««I 

nt',56l| 

llli 


Total ;  2,634,506 


11    .1,,  .,vc  n  tra<lo  wliicli  has,  almost  without  attrac| 

aTto  [K^ou^nt  „f  nearly  live  .nUUons  a„d  a  quarter  of » 
during  the  past  year.  .  colonial  trade  in  e 

eouraglng  our  meromule  ™«f'^'>^„5Xm^ine  ports  of  tK  H 
ward  aoa,°u.w"d,  dunng  185  ,  »  '"^  h^m  .^     g^^^ 

British  shipping,  is  also  submitted :  I 


tf" 


^-w«^i^-,l*i 


i 


e  the  value  of  this 
i  and  appreciated, 
ital  value  of  donies- 
nports,  in  1861,  dc- 


Imports.      Tiitiil  e.xpijrtt 

!  aud  Imports. 

1 
1107,402  1 

»5fi:,.9t>i 

22,668  1 

57,  iW 

4!B 

494 

4<« 

12,251 

lti.4ii2. 

l,4:f2 

i.4;b 

15,H86  i 

Ki.'Sl 

.  '  10,221  i 

lO.ffl 

4,020 

4,i(l» 

128  ! 

IM 

.    2, 122 

•i.ia 

6,774  1 

6,  "4 

32,7(W  \ 

47,  M 

n,25S)  1 

ll,3» 

949,241 

%l'tim 

271,681 

l,9r)7,9» 

50,  oh;? 

I'i'.oal 

25, 962  1 

I!t8,49l 

i 

llli 

1 

13,1111 

2,05;?  1 

■i,08 

610  ! 

6) 

1 

1'2,« 

I       1,526,990 


5,«,(1 


nlinost  without  attraci 
rung  up,  and  been  ( 
nd  a  quarter  of  dolffl 

le  colonial  trade  in  e 
g  table  of  shipping," 
[line  ports  of  the  I'H 
ick,  Nova  Scotia,] 
juishing  American  fn 


'*. 


P',-!«l 


P;.  -j 


to 


H;  Doc.  136. 


This  table  shows  that,  <¥^  ^Z^^^^^jX^  '^ 

ping  entered  ---^,  .ftn^ ^/^^^^^^^  outward  from  Jhose 

only,  and  that  ^88.658  tons_  o^^^^^^^  ^^^^^^  an  aggregate  of 

ports  for  the  ^^^^^  ^^^^f^!' '  ed  i^^^^      colonial  trade  >v4th  niuo  i«rts 
930,030  tons  ol  shipping  engagea  m  tuc 

of  the  Union  alone  jn  that  year.,  „^ount  of  tonnage  inwardami 

In  order  to  show  the  ^^If^t^^'^^'^^tS  bt  the  Ur^ted  State,  and 

outward  to  and  from  the.  P™^ ISng  c"™^        statfen.cnt  hns 

ports  named,  in  1861 :  /;  •     '  \ 


Ports. 


^.i. 


New  York- 


Inwanl. 


Outwai;d. 


Q"«bec - ----;;  -         504,601 


Boston 

New  Orleans^ 

St.  John,N.  B '-- 

Halifax,  N.  S -, 

Philadelphia ■-- 

Baltimore --  -• 

St.  John,  Newfoundland 


.  1,448,768 
633,821 


328,"932 
282,460 
176;802 
159,636 
113,027 
103,016 


l,230,0vi ' 
6S6,09i 
50:],lOl 

.  421,561) 

■•324,s->r 

17S,0?9' 

140,174 

105,7^1) 

91,191 


The  forogoifig  comparative  st^ltement  will,  no  doul5t,  excite  son. 
.urnrLas^rthl  relat  ye  amount  of  shipping  mKlriavi^^^^^^^^ 
surprise  as. Jo  w  j         a  ^erica.     It  proves,  beyond  a  doubt,  and  v  itli- 
2^SS?S  -"^^-^  Wi-d  in  this  rep^Uhat  ,^ 
British  North  Americim  colonies  have  industriously  miproved  clie.^xt.j. 


Wk> '. 


':.  ■*,,*  V 


*- 


^'•■' 


.;-.•:. 
:^.. 


4j"      v?« 

•s 


'  •  I 


■  ■  / 


-V'^- 


— \— 

Outwacd.  ■ 

8 

l,2:30,()vi 

•1 

,    ■'     5S6,09* 

)1 

50:],10l 

12 

,     .  421,5CI1 

)0 

■*3:M,S21 

)2 

178,079 

36 

140,174 

27 

105,7S!) 

16 

■   91,191 

H.   Doc.  I^g. 


629 


.\ 


**.  ""d  LahradS'  ,„lr'  *,''  "'^"''s  In  IvZ'^''  '=?"  «  «  any 
•son  as  tliessir,r  „'    "  i    «  ""  '''e  same  <il,,ll         ?™""'  Maidalen 


?'■ 


■,^ 


"a*.^  i 


I.    (■ 


L!ii  • 


"i-VW-Wt' 


-A-    'I 


n 


«30 


H.   Doc.  136. 


'>«■•' 

4"*^ 


•    •  u'^u  1p^  to  the  embargo  of  1808,  and  the  war  with 

f  rmSs    The  mag^toS  „f  ourtlherWfr™.  1790  to  1307*. 
EnglanAm  1812.    ine  iiuifeuii.  -„„i:™pa  bv  those  only  who  have 

greitek  periods  of  prosperity,  cj  be  re^^^^^^  J  ^^^^^ 

Sudied  fhis  branch  <f  Am^r.^  .Ideil  to\he  couritry,  tod  the  cxtec 
the  value  of  the  wealth  annua^  add  d  to  the  co        y,^  ^^^.^^^  ^^^  ^^^^ 


mariners  whobave  heretotor«  ™^""^"  "^^^^^^^^  -...^^f  the  fiBlnTi.: 
of  our  navy.     Some  «^^-=\|{^^yiJ,;S,nct  of ^^^^       from  the  fact  tl,a,, 
just  prior  to  tl^^i^jj^  ^itof  drS  anil  pickled  fish  cxportnlex, 
^^TV^oroVoO     F  orSdstlme  to  the  'years  1813  and  1814  a 

dwindled  down  to  less  ^han  ^lOO^^J"^^  ^,^^  ^bc  Kslurus; 

tw^en  the  United  States  and  LngU  up,  with  that  stn-n,ll, 

but  the  navy  was  recruited  t^^""^  ^^^J^^^^^^iesstu  W  with  its  advers,.- 

fused  by  the  Bnt.sh  government.  J^^^^^reaty  o^^^  ^^is  importnntsuU 
mercial  convention  sul^equnt^  ".vtuonof  20th  of  Ocl..ber,  1S18 


oom  couuuico,     «..v.^.   —  ,     United  States fonouiice) 

m>  same  convenuon  it  -f  l"---^  *"   ,h™;  or  .heir  inhabimiM 

take,  dry,  or  cure  nsn,  o»  »r,-w    »f  ^nv  of  the  British  dominions ( 
coasts,  Bays,  creeks,  t,r  ^jr^'Xi  narfof   he  souVrn  c 
America  not  i"- "^ed  wUhm  t^uU  P^^^^^^  i,l„nds;  ontj 

foundland  «f -J^;;f  J^^^^.f  JnI^^^^^^  from  Cape  Ray  tort 

western  and  ^rtherP  .^'''''^^^^^^^ 

Quiepen  islands  -on  the  shore   oi  the  Mc  g  ^^^^^^  ^^^  ^^^ 

^^LrSr'Tailir^^^^^  stntitsof  Bellislo,  and  thence  n.*^ 

along  the  coast."  _  ijhprtv  to  drv  and  cure  fish  in  a 


m-^l  d«;'de<l  'houU  »e  ™""-"J.,^  j  ^  ,^,^i,  from  the  piBspl 
the  interior  of  the  bays,  ■inH  """^ .,,",'  j  „.  ,|,„  Msmiaknntal 

pjiit ,  fa  3  oar  m^«  '^"^^■2  IZl  1"«^ 


rtedtothpSeshores;! 


H.   Doe.  136. 


voyages- for  many  weeks    lU.."    ',    «/  *  ^^1 

in  small  houts,  ^^ith  nrrh  ^'"'"'»st8  earry  on  fheJ,.  r  i- 
return  to  thpfr  shores^a  iP  T  '""^^^^  thaif  twTJ.^f '*»^  ^"^irely 
cure  theiriWsl.  .  wlS  .  //'''  ""^^'•^^^  "f"  f^ch  dav^  J  .  '"  f^^*^'  ^^'o 
their  ships^for  a  Si  ^  '''  "'"'^^  ^'*"  ^Jh"  iSer  21'  T^  ^""^^  «"d 
iiden  wih  fish,  trS^;?;' "!•  '^'^  ^'^^•^•^elsTeTu, n^;,  ,^^^n  ^"  board 
rceessarily  Weh  Sfi  d  , '  . ''^ '"^^  ""•^-  ^''^^^ ''  r^"':  P^' ^^^" 
market  for  the  produee    w'         """■^'  '^^^'"'-f'*!  comneHf      ^"^  ^''^^  «^« 

!  of  our  go^n^^ir  "»^<I"-'lFivile.es/.'nd  1     k'^   ""^ '"^'^»- 
,  rates  to  a  uniforn  L  V-  ' '■^^''"'  ^'^  ••^  ^«'I^'cti on  o  •  d  H     T"  "^  P^^'^T 

(«stofi,nported  fitrJoir'''.'"^'"','^'"  ^^'''"fv  ue  ;.;„;;:'  ^^T  «P«cific. 

niiukets,  ai 'they did L^    ,  "'7""'  ^■«'"P'"tit.:rs  ,2        °",  ^^^^reign 

foreign-caught  H  h  for  ""'  '^"'^  ""'  oVyu  u  aW t^    CatlH^he-Eurone 

American  fnarke      tu ';';"'"!"I/"""    ^'"1  «><  trm  S  7' ^^"'^^''^^  ^'«h 

KTomcdepoSoiv'.^'  the-  Atlaniie  port.;  ^h'^.        '^'"^   '^  other 

koreign  cUntrl  "^^  •^"'"'^'^  ^^'  4  -.IpSdli^I/T^  '^-^^ 

Prior  to  the  enaetmrnt^    V   .  '''^' ^""^  <^4ortaticm 

tie  warehousina  act  ofl. '  '     '''"^  '''"■'«"  ^'^w  of  Doee,?;j        . 

«;*or.ip  dr^e^K/  pie  S^fT^  '"V'---'-Sk^.  '^•^":; 
|oii;^ind  so  far  ■  «  ,• ,/ V  "■"'  '''»''  ''fhf^r  s-iltr.,1  ,.      •  ^^'^'^a^owed 

pes,  the  XSt^'S^r  i'r  ^''-''^^'-^k  '^ t^E?"!;  "^  ««''- 

jpresutned  i  be  ill^^.  ^''^^;';,-^'-'!  "^  the  a^ "rl^S^^"" C' 

Ilieoiwations  of  the  wnr>  J  '^  Provisiofis  are  entir^!^      1h  ^?^^' 

If  ««y^W.e,.  !^""*''  "'"I  «--xi>(.rted  theiiec  wZf.        '"  '^'^ 

iBy  the  statement  m«.ked  \6    ,  ,  '^- 2^-3^'«.«. 

F  into  this  port,  from   i*iV.        '  ■''PP^'n'^ed  Jiereto  „f  ,),,,  • 

'W"  *■=  "-"""hy  a.d  value  ofd^  fi,t  ^.^^  ' 


;t^  -■  . 


I-    i 


?   < 


■% 


.•^ 


632 


H.  DOC.H36. 


Vm 


.Ml 


KlfH  r  *  J 


hnd  warehoused  for  the  fiscal  y.ats  1847  to  1851,  inclusive,  and  ,1, 
disposVoa  made  of  the  same.  v.vua  cii, 

Rtatehient  No.  4' shows  the  same  for  pickled  h^h. 

Rvtirfirsi  will  be  seen  that  twenty-seve^  thirty-fourth  pnrts  ot 
tWhole  import^  on  were  exported;  and  bytie  second,  that  hitypcr 
^nt  Shr^fnporta  were  shipped  out  of  the  country  to  the  exclu.on 
of  American  S.     These  facts  are  so  very  stnknig,  that  common,  , 

deemed  unnece^ry.  ^.^^-hibit  the  quantity  and  value  o^, end, 

tifi'STsWt^^  ^^  f,o.^l843  to  18.0^.,. 

S^e  *^d  loX  elvorts'for  the  same  yea,;.s  ot  both  iore.an.c„ud,t  l 
nnr?'AmerSn  fisheries.     In  the  table  No.  6,  the  yicrease  ot  in,p„rt. 
wi?i  tZ  enSy^Ppe^ ;  and  I  have  to  call  your  particular  attc.t,on  ,o 
rableto.6!Tn  w£?h  wk  be  seen  tha^  in  1843  no  Joragn  dry  h.h  wJ 
tame  i-^o-u,  T^nitod  States,  and  only  om^  humlrwl 

exported  \""ip   l^^UcVtish;  a^even  cbwn  to  1846,  the  s,„H 
'^^  ^' -of  .rourntakS  wm  e'xpT^^^        The  following  yonr,  b« J 
■'^S^  ^f^^t^o^  <^^f^  A-'^^'^  thc^sand.h.r.l.„, 
'3e^afish4rc».^xported,andth  exports  have  gone  on  u. 

picKtea  "r'^*,  .;;-L,_  ....  th(>  nrb'sent ;  the  quantity  ot  pickled  fish  tori 
creating  tromthitt  time  to  in.  p^csexiL,  i  J    ^^        , 

1850  beinc  over  ^/?T/-«i«e  thonmnd  barrels. ,    l.ible  J\o.  ^,Am^> 

V     qhtptilafid  value  it-  America«-caught;  fish  exl^orted^  to  all  c.un.j 

"^iS^^J^  No.  8,  whieh  shows  the  whobMpantity 0,^ 
kledfsh^SWcted  at  t^e  various  fishing  towns  in  Massaclm  ef    J 

,^S'to  i8f  i^iusiv^  '^:,:^Tc::^^^^:5z:^X 

fisheries.  i„.r,.tn  «fitemeht  No.  9,  of,  the  tonnage  of  vtwi 

^  ited'T'hl  fisherL  1  "  TInited  States  for  the  year,  1S43, 
Stdusiy^S^^gtUc  U.u.ge  employed  in  the;  cod  bhe, 
malelSSertrahd  o^^^^^  «nder  twehty  tons  burden  mlhoco 
£w  andalsSccrister  toW  in  the  whde  fishery,  to^e  her  mJ 
'  Se  a^^^alft^  of  the  whole  country  lot  each  peruxl,  by  wh, 
the  aggregate  lonna^  /-  ^^^  relative  tonnage  in.ead 

or  employment  Svithin.tlie  true  injent  andlneaning  J^^the  32djJ 
^ r  .1    \  ,.:  ..f  i-ypq  tV,n  intlioritv  to  ii^snc  licenses  K>r  the  macKemiu 

Srto.h?boiuV«  t^  v-e»eUm  the  c^-*,,,  M 


inclusive,  and  the 


f-   Doc.  136. 


633 


ducting  the  time  emploved  h  ^n  i      .  \  ^^^ 

has  been,  Lt  withrthe  A.i'^"  ^"^  ^'"P'oyed  TThe  1       '^  ^"^ 

anil  the  collectors  ffenoriHvtl.       ''''•",* '"'''fe^^'-''  to  .holnofoS.   ? '^  """^ 

aifpear  from  the  legal  history  o^  the  fi^  ^  '''^-  ^A^ould  thereZ 
from  the  construebons  and  ScSr^r\"''^^^^'>"4«Jlowancrind 
cers  whose  dlitv  it  f«  tn  ..^      "'^^ynriing  of  them  hv  Ih^      "^^^es,  and 

.evi.io8.  The  fe^^/lAt  on??'"  rl'-^,"'"'  ^^at  the  wSetv^r"''""  "^- 
ages,  instead  orJlTZ^'  !  '^"'^"'^  '^^  Proceed.tffc  f't''"^""-^^ 
,evaded  by  a  hX^nu^hT?^  '''':^''  ^^  ^.e  ere  v  tXl   f""^  ''""y- 

ermennow  derive  mnnh  -r  1"  'tisquite  doubtfiil  if  *r  '"^"^e  ^'gi- 


Uout  of  tli  tn-nsurv  r    i"T-'"^^«t  'i-"'n 


^ „.  ,.^  iiuusury  ]or  fishin 

portance  to  cherish  this  branch  of  ;A,I     ,  "  ' "     ^  ^ ^fe'^--"  «  fi 
kta„yth,ng  should  be  acLptXSf '^',  '^'^  ^^'""J''  ""tt 

amsostron^y  impressed^irK      "-'^  '"^^"^  '^^  proLritv  buf 
Jed  inthe  business  Vould  be  beLttl  n"^ "'''&"  ^hat  thV.e  Wsfimpf      " 

-bounty  claims,  that  I  d5  not  Sk*  ^  "  '^'^''^  ^'^^''"^^^h  C  vS 
ie  epartment.  .  ''«^«'«»e  to  urge  its  consi^Feri^n  upoL^ 

^-itedj,r:!:is!2^7^s';:>'™r^  / 

»tmued enforce,  with  the, nodiTrcatS^^'^^^^  / 

fete,  ac,  restored  the  dZ  tZZZf^""  '"M^JS^ 

I tiavP  th,,    :  ^^ ""^^  '"-ide.  '*"'/« J 9,. accordmff     . 

|J  nave  thus  summany  traced  fh«  j  •  .  -  --^  I  .         "   ^      . 

hubject.  in  order  to  shcfw  the  sh  J"''?'"^'  7ne#ation  in  regard  m  " 
as  preparatory  to  giving  a  co^d^!;.'^  P" Wic  Iftention  givS  to  if    ' 
eminent  as  bounties  undithe^?-'"''  "^'^'^  o^^he  sums  nil  h' " 
'appears  thaMbr  the  ve4'nd;rr'^"''^«fCongres.s.^^  '^^    • 

g  "  was  paid  .:  StLt  Tsfe.'"  ''^'^'  ^^^^'  ^'^'^  --  k  '       • 
Kk  employed  ui  tlie  fisherie*    m  ft-     ^»M:^  and'  Slfo  000  f^  ^ 


,-fit. 


i:  1 


L,j,„„  ?.'  lS>9>the  sum.  Said  iino,*,l^ilJ*''*«  opera- 


Doc.  136. 


Ji& 


W^^ 


,»< 


It  18 lo  10U.1  a...-  'rr^.  _/\.n,i  all  the  imrticuhirs  rcliiting  lo  iuro*i.| 
to  day,  -X^^S^e  .tC^ot^^^^^^^  flcts  collatcl  are  co.nnu.nK  J 
ness,  and  at  the  close  oi  uit-^  ro^nective  porta  w  K'nC(^  licenses  wcrej 
"  detail  '"„*'i-t^\™  "^e^^^^^^^  F„Wu.rv  J 

granted.     Uncier  mc  ui^t  .     ,  rjreviouslv  to  the  vensqi's  ilBpanl 

ure,  setting  torth  "^^^.f  ^;7^^  .  „,._  reirarded  here  as  a  neccssiiTj- ptef 
&c.,  and  such  a  f  ^^^.'^^^^^.^^^L^^^^  of  the  vessel,  to' J 

requisite  ^o  the  ^^^^  V'^^^^^^^^^       requVred.  as  directed  by  in  J 
'■  sworn  to  by  ^^e  master,  nas.  i        j      j.^^.  ^,„^|„<,  g^i    ,J 

XbfsSe^.  e\tlc:ir'!:^plieclin  the  liquidation  of  alia.  J 

the  bounty  during  the  Pf  ^'^^J  J"'     •  ^^^  ^^.  ,,xaiuiri<Hl  and  stated,  J 

•   ^'^T^u'^'cf'^^S^^-^^^^^^  or  strengthen  ll.M 

ingonthis  subject,  out  "•'^J  cnhniitted.     The  extent,  cliarad 

and  value  ot  the  tisnents,  m  •  j^^  aT)pear  in  nn  examiM 

of  the  BriUsh  North  American  pro^nce^^^^        I 

^^^"  "^IS^I^^^t^  Kng  on  the  (  sberie.  J 
an  exanunation  ol  tie  ex     ^        ^j  ^    American  lishennen  p«ri^ 

strictions  and  »^^,a™^^^^^  It  follows,  therefore,  that  to  ^ 
their  busirifess  will  ^^^f  P^  ?"\etween  the  United  States  andtbc 
anything  bW-g^-^^^  ^  y'o^X  pirt  of  the  British  govc« 
provinces,  a  "^^^l  j^^^^^^^^^  ^^^^  Jrst  take  'place.  So  long  as  our  c,M 
m  regard  to  the  tisnerics  in  business  from  t  uur  vessels  i" 

are  c°)mpelled  to  <=""f  ^',^f  ,^^^*J^SS  to  and  on  any  c,f  tho.1 
open  sea,  and  the  «"]f  "f  ^«  J^^^^^^^  fishing  stations,  and  canrj 

inVbited  or  ^^'"^f  ^^^''^'^f "f '^'  ani  American  vessels  arc  ckJI 

their  employment    f^r^f^^Liwrence^h^^^^^^  of  Canso.  the  shoref 
free  navigation  of  the  bt.  Lawrence,  uie  j^,^  ^y  ^^^^ 

ries.  and  other  ^^-ff-S:^Xmi^^^^^  <^^™"^  ^''f  ^ 

of  tliese  treaties,  it  is  b^M^^^f /*^'".,  ",^*'.u_  commerce;  of  the  colon 
^.easures tending  toadditionalb^^^^^^^^^^^^ 

.eitSr  ^W  a£^c!\s  ^turned  by  the  collec. 
,    the  several  ports  therein  named.  ^ 

'!_  r^g^oM  HQ^^»'  •^'^  •^''"'^  ' 


«1. 


H.  JDoc  im. 


685 


Tic  following  statenjem  shoWs  the  allownn^^   .  '         ,  " 

ie&heries  and  bounties  on  S  ed  W^       ?  TT^""  ^^P'^y^'^ '« 
[aO,tD-June  80,  im  :  ^        "*  ^'^^  exported,  from  January  1, 

>      -        . 


Years. 


I'd  3l8t  December,  1820 

Do. 1821.!!* 

Do. 

00. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do: 

Do.. 

Do.. 
Do.. 
Do.. 
Do.. 
Do.. 
Do.. 
Do.. 
Do.. 
Do.. 
Do.. 
Do.. 
Do.. 
Do.. 


..-. 1822.... 

1823... 

1824.... 

1825.... 

.., :.1826 

". 1827 

1828 

1829 

i--i83i..:. 

1832.,.., 

........ 1833. ... 

,..1834....! 

........1835 

....... .1836. . . 

1837,....! 

...1838 

1839 

1840... 

....:...184i 

.1842 


[mos.  to  June  30, 1843. 

Do..... 1844. 

rendingJune30,1845. 

Do.- 1846. 

Do 1847. 

Do... 1848., 

S" 1849.. 

Do. . . 

Do.. ..!"■' 


.1850. 
.1861. 


Allottranc;«tovM*olrf    tUmmu-n  «»  pick- 

«1  {^7,834  03 
170,0.52^ 
149,81)7  83 
170,706  08 
208,924  08 
198,724  97 

215,859  01 

200,185  55 
'  239,146  20 

261,069  94 

197,642  28 

200,428  39 

219,745  27 

245,182  40 
-  218,218  76 

223,784  93 

213,091  03 

250,181  03 

314,149  49 
319,85j?  03 
301,6a«)  34 
355,140  01 
235,613  07 
109,932  33 
249,074  25 
289,840  07 
274,942  98 
276,439.  38 
243,432  23 
286,703  77 
287,988  75 
328,265  01 


od. 


SI  1,168  71 
11,107  80 
11,158.  30 
10,988  50 
10,162  80 
10,560  60 
13,640  40 
8,879  20 
9,026  23- 
9,007  60 
9,073  10 
13,406  20 
14,392  00 
13,284  43 
10,802  21 
9,536  80 
6,731  80 
7,360  42 
5,474  30 
4>743  60 
4,953  90 
4,760  40 
5,629  30 
3,316  05 
0,663  60 
4,174  20 
5,540  60 
<i,488  20 
747  80 
68  40 


30  00 


7,725,373  13        241,936  35 


[reasdrt  Dbpartment,  ^'  ^®^^SE,  Acting  Register. 

^t<^»  Ofce,  August  11,  1852. 


>.     ♦ 


'  t 


i    ( 


r 


r  ■-■-■■■ 

1  ^• 

i 

,   »  . 

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«■  ■ 

>  -. 

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't 

■  -*■■  ■ 

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m 

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iii 

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■;,-: . 

iiiLA  i-i.ii!i<iM;. 

tiLikJiiiili'  '                 ^ 

.  .'  ■>■ 

^ 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT.3) 


•     5 


1.0 


1.1 


2.2 


III 


14.0 


IL25  mu 


2.0 

1.6 


p.  J.*" 


\: 


\*^ 


^^i: 


4 


ISdmces 
Corporatioii 


23  WIST  MAIN  STRUT 

WiBSTER,N.Y.  I4S80 

(7l6)t72-4S03 


^^     a\    -^r\^ 


•t?f 


^.  <.  \  I,  ^,  'j^itJm^ 


/  .>, 


^ 


.-■jT 


/ 


V 


IV* 


^    » 


r'  ^'.^SiJtftij''* 


•*^' 


■S^'uS^i- 1  ^. 


^  rf  .  ..    .■  SI*, 


«,> 


\'" 


H.  Doc.  136. 

/mpor<»  of  dried  and  pickled  fish  tWo  the  port  of  f^^d^^^  th,j 
^  vears  ending  June  30,  from  1821  to  1851. 


686  . 


Year. 


1821  . 

1830  . 

1840 

1843 

1844 

1846 

1846 

1847 

1848 

1849 

1850 

1861 


15ned  fish. 


Quintab. 


Value. 


6 
.    37 
675 
169 
125 
684 
430 
13,822 
20,774 
723 
7,013 
3,424 


$13 
389 
3,937 
1,989 
1,340 
3,933 
2,798 
22,42# 
48;262 
2,861 
16,244 
8,463 


47,782 


111,643 


Pickled  fish. 


Barrel*. 


87 

361 

7,846 

9,667 

26,047 

21,322 

17,598 

41,466 

72,419 

34,697 

66,886 

92,312 


Tslte. 


379,587 


m 

170,d 
194,9 

m,% 

199,1J| 
322,71 
189,61 
301,9 
473JI 


2,126,11 


P.  GREELY,  Jr.,  Coto. 


Collector's  Office, 

Boston,  December  17, 


1861. 


,«* 


% 


»^ 

% 

^v.^ 

54- 

* 

- 

• 

\ 

*• 

i^^i^afc . 

iKinng  the  J 


Pickled  fish. 


V»l». 


87 

m 

361 

2,5! 

845 

76,1! 

667 

39,7) 

047 

170,oi 

322 

194,91 

598 

155,31 

456 

199,17 

,419 

322,n 

,697 

189,5! 

,886 

301,« 

,312 

473,111 

,687 

2,126,1 

Y,  Jr.,  ColM 


^ 


V'^^J^V 


9> 


I? 


00 


Q= 


1 

:  ::;::§  •  •  •  «  S 

if.::  :p----?M 

s 

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5  5 


:^2 


r 


^ 


e42 


186 


(O 


3 :3  :9S 


2  :g  : 

;2S 

?:  ."2 

•  •    •» 

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¥11 

n     «  .' 

•   * 

■    •  • 

HI 

■'^^S'^'''--' 


i 

1 

V 

5  :$  ri- 
ot ;(?:.;  : 

^i 

-' 

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i' 

is 

.  •  V  •  I .' 

Ij 

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•  •!»  ■  ;  I 

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•  • «  •  ■ . 

o 

:  :  ;s, :«: 

"5  5» -J  o -•  3  o  in 

•^  Irt  u^  d  t-t  ^  t^  t* 


:S2  •    -• 


I  00 


.» 


s 


»-    5^ 


2« 


I* 


H.  Doc.   130. 


a.       § 


S!^ 


.^'^ 


«4t 


m 


■^  f.i 


K] 


*  • 


i  ^^1 


-.'  1' 


t-OOCDQQSOS) 
en  —  •B35SM5'* 


Si 


i    « 


:;M 


Sl  i  lliiil 


c* 


LS 


Si 

il 


•7!  ja 


'Gbij 


eu 


eto 


S  c 


-T   « 


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>*      .k 


w^f»W'' 


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„^    .; 


m 


644 


n 


s 


H.  Doc.  136. 


3 


a 
> 


Wm     at  ak     «• 


V  ©f 


erf  ut  uf  uf  <-7 


f^  t^  Ol  O  w>  CO 


5J5f  : 


Alt 


CO  Oi  0> 


■3 

■a 
Q 


9 


'Sr  2 '^  «  0>  01 M 
■•tr     ojen 


o»  o  o  t;  ■-;  o  o» 

u^  O  »0  O  OQ  A  ^* 


>«OOeOQQIM«0    •«lg| 


erS 


SCO 

a* 


3 


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tcoo 


85 


CO     o>to*o  t-s« 
oT    eoof 


g-J  t— OI  o>  O  00  " 


=S  ::   tl 


S?SS  :  :":2i 


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ctSj     »-■-"•* 

CO        »^"^ 


3 

a 
"3 

Of 


c-ogj 


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I 


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8.S 


©too     w  — 


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^ 


i:§ 


$!S 


s.s 
6  a 

a. 
0. 


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t>.:r 

I! 

c 


^f  III  nil. 


*=  ■_  «  _ 


:::J 
■^ , ... . 


a  3  s.-S'C  B.2"CC  C 


cf  •o 


tSS  :Si 


: ;S8  : 


eicf 


I     -«»i-iC9>- 


I  m   M  •    • 

I '  r  9  a   *   •■ 

Is  .S8  •  'I 

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18.3  dS   ■   ••■ 


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m 

!««•« 


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»0)  CO 


R8g  :  :SSS5j 
5}Sf  :  :     s  ■l:»:'';«:§5 


Doc.  laef. 


C3  w>  0>     •     •  [fl^ 

*    *    •     •  • 


P  Q «~  oo  rt  I- o  •«r  (ji  ifl  .(-irf; 


8* 


5,126 

7,053 

70 

•   -     76 

S^"      :  i 

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5  to- 
rs 00  P5 

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out 


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ti.ir 


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ail  'S  •] 

hi 


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646 


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52; 


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u 

3 


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H.'Doc.   136. 


8 


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5' 
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M  m.io         w  t~  o  o 


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of     ^ 


mo— •-'to  t*<o 
'w  9  ot  lo  o  e« '« 
r- ^i  ^^  >rt  ffi  oj  o> 


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m?iao(N<o 


!1 


>: 


■  —  w«  ^^  »^  «^  ^r-^/  «^  (_j  07  ^^  w'j  «^4 

'  o»eoHo<o>oO"-Qcfaaot~o 


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•—us     mcopo         >rti—o«ou5 


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1111 13|  iillill  i|ii?lsMyteJji-i 


oqf 


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:  ■     •  ■  •              •  •.':.•"»-•  "^  • 

••■                    •  ••!-         *•  *• 

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H.  l>«c.  IW. 

j^o.  11 — Continued. 
DISTRICT  OF  PORTLAND. 


Penonunation  and  iwmes  of 
TeRsels. 


MMtewof    [Tonnage.  No.  of 


None  given. 


49  86 


Scbooner  Regulator *j 52  08 

Schooner  Waahington....-.-- "      gj  2I 

Schooner  Delight  in  Peace.— «« 3566 

Schooner  Elizabeth j ^^ 5229 

Schooner  Triumph  -               ' 

Schooner  Hickory.  - 
.Schooner  Caledonia 


AnHKint  I 

(tflllH. 


8 
10 

8 

6 
12 

8 
14 


$600 
800 

1,000 
600 

1,600 
400 
600 


None  -  - 

:  Totji, 

...do.. 

'..M 

...do.. 

...do. 

...do.. 

.  ...A). 

...do.. 

.  ...do. 

...do.. 

....do. 

...do.. 

....do. 

DISTRICT  OF  BARNSTABLE. 


Meters  of    tonnage.  Number  of    Value. 
Denomination  and  name.       Mastewj.!  unn«      ^^^^^^^^ 

veuela.  l  .  I  I 


Schooner  William  Gray. 

Schooner  BeUe  We 

Sehooner  Rival 

Schooner  Nettle 

Schooner  E.  M.  Shaw-  -■ 
83»oaller  Franklin  Dexter . 

Schooiwr  Hamilton 

golMKNieTOr^ton.. 

8oho6oerT«ler»I*  --" 

""SwTeaielalBtUidia- 
trieti  p«tiai  k>« 


ufl 


57  08 
103  82 
47  76 
66  92 
82  20 

63  13 

64  22 
78  22 


$1,000 
3,000 
1,400 
3,000 
3,000 
2,200 
2,500 
3,000 


.do. 


663^ 


19,100 


DiamCT  ft-  PORTSMOUTH. 


Seliooner  Balleniw 

*]9«liooner  Banner 

B^iwnBr  Barungtw>—     -- 
SelioonerHarveat  Home.. 

Sebooner  WelUngton 

gehooner  Oscar  Colea  .... 


Denomination  an< 
of  vessels. 


Sciiooner  America 
Sdwoner  Maria... 
gekoooer  Elixa  . . . 


Denomination  an 


"   ft.    Doc.  136. 

^"  ^—Continued.       v 

DISTRICT  OP  I^AMAQUODDV. 


6tf9 


Denomination  an^  uamea 
of  vesaelB.' 


Schooner  America . 

hclwoner  Maria... 

Sekoooer  Eliza  ... 


"leS"'     ^"'»"«-- Number  of 
crew  lost. 


None  given . . . 

do 

—  ,.do.... 


Value  of  Value  of 
vessel,     outfits 


43  SI  I  9 

46  61  8 

54  00  I  None 


tim        $400 
600  1        400 
1.200  300 


Total. 


$1,100 
1,009 
1,^ 


RECAPITULATION. 


■v 


Denomination  «.d/n.me.  of  vo^iels.       [Number  of  I    Tonnage 

'    vessel^.    '  ■ 


.of  Gloucester 

iA  of  Penobscot 

let  of  Portland.. 

let  of. Barnstable, 
of  Portsmouth . . .  ^ 
of  P^ssamaquoddy 


Total. 


629  49 
696  01 
369  54 
563  50 
328  00 
143  91 


19,^ 
14,400 

5,600 
24.100 
16,200 

3,600 

83,266 


.J 


22 
66 
43 
47 
17 


219 


CoiLiOTdR's  Orrioi,  P-  OBEELY.  Jr.,  OMtUw 

Diilrict  of  BoMm,  and  Ckarlulonm,  Jun^r,  1,  ]852. 


:4 


M. 


it 


»  ? 


•V. 


•    t 


J.  *, 


•a, 


^[ 


Mt^ 


^r 


Hie  recenl 

jit  Newilbund 

IjDUii'estfng  at 

J  lows,  that  th( 

liUovance  of 

loo  the  deep-s 

lliare  fish,  cau 

Iflnderthe  stin 

lind  cured  tiy 

Dvement  on 

[citefl  mich 

I  affecting  { 

se  in  the 

5r  that  1 

i  which  i 

:  project  of 

I  20th  Dece 

!  and  Comn 

;  and  Coloni 

itiobal  Assen 

i  a  variety  o 

nbodied  here^ 

I  It  is  set  forth 

paid  1 

JBiusive,  for  th 

ftrage  of  3,9C 

leiy  annual!)! 

i  to  the  nat 

mce  trains  u 

lissaid,  who  V 

Itheseaon  boi 

IThe  proposec 

^i  it  having 

>  a  report  the 

Ithe  3d  day  of 

vyeoed  law  re 
fjhejmple.     , 


PEWLEMEN: 

)ofthe-projcc 


-r 


H.    Doc.  186. 


661 


PART    XIII. 


FRENCH  FISHERIES  AT  NtWFOUNDLAND. 
I   The  recent  movements  in  Frnnnn  ' 
L  Newfoundland,  and  exported  to"  fi^^f^      '^ ''''""^'''' ^"  *'*»  *^"ght 
inte^estfng  at  the  present  time,  because  ^£"ll  ?"?"*''.'  "^  singularly 
tows,  that  the  chaSiges  which   ake  pTacelS    ^/"""^'  '^'^"^  ^^at  foil 
Lllowance  of  those  bounties  are  Sited  ^^  '''?  P'-^^'^"^  year  in  the    - 
L  the  deep-sea  fisheries  of  the^S  l^;''''*^''"^"^  ^  P^^^Prful  effect 
bTefah,  caught  and  cuVed  by  ci^^s  of  pTn '    ^''''"^'''  ^«  ^«  ^« 
lender  the  stimulus  of  a  large  Fountv  tn  .  '  ^"^.T"i?"«^">«^ket8, ". 

LdcuredKy  our  ovyn  citizens.     S'a  1^^'"  ^"''  '^"  ^^^^  <=^"g»^t 
Lvement  on  the  part  of  France  hi  'W'''"^  ^^  unexjfecTed- 
W  m»ch  interest  among  the  fishe™  of  f.  ^  m^''*'^  attentiolT  and 
b  affecting  an  important  branch  ofT,   in  1    !  ^^  r  ^"^^^^  Stales. 
iange  in  tHe  policy  of  France  wiuLr   ^     V  ""^  ^"'"  P^^P^^.  this 
nonler  that  tile  whole  m^ter  mav  be  Hr'^A  '^"'7'^^^  ^^^^"gth.' 
francewhich  grafted  boundesfo^he  seafi«h^  understood     The  law  o 
ie  project  of  a  new  law  was  ^hZt^T't'^^  f'''''  *«  ^'^Pire. 
"h  20tt  December,  1860,  by  Seur  i^.l"  \''-"^^'  ^^«^™4  «« 
cand  Commerce,  and  MonW  Romn.^n^'  ^'T^'"  °f  Agrlcul- 
e  and  Colonies.     At  th^sj^e  dm^T>!^  ^^'^'^*'''^"'  ^'"^'«ter  of  Ma- 
toal  Assembly  an  able  r^rt  ^'th     f  ™'"'«t«JV"^'"'««d  ^o  the 
d  a  variety  or  iLresr/iEipy>      ''^'^''  [''^""^^  of  France, 
Bbodied  herewith.  °  ^^^t'^tical  returns,  translations  of  which  are 

p4S'VXlf  dTaS^^^^^        ^'-^-  "f  State,  that  the 
pve7forthe^c«l  fishery  o^v   h?d  "'"'^  ^''"i  ^^""^  ^^^^  *«  1850. 
Kof  3,900.0?0  S      feo^"^,  T^"^  '°  '''«  ™«^  ^nua^     ' 
fean.ually>,ountS  IMtrthraS^r^e"  ^*^^^  -,  ^^'^ 

1^  to  the  nauon  was,  therefore.  338  frames  rSf^'n.  J/  "^^  u^  ^^- 
,  mce  trams  up,  in  this  manner  \h]l  TTi  ^i  "™  ^"'"  ^^*^^  «»«• 
lis  said,  who  would  costThTn:.-        ^"^u^'^^y  seamen  for  hernavy, 

Jeseaon  bo'Lrd  veSsitwr^"  ""^'  "^^^  ^^  ^'^^  ^^  ^nunTd      "  ^ 

t  a  report  th^erS^;™:^^^^^^  .  " 

Itlie  si  day  of  May  185^1  TtJL^  il-  '^'*^"rV  •  ^"^^^^  ^he  chairman, 
I  J      May,  i«51,  a  translation  of  which  is  as  foUows : 


f,»«  ' 


'  ph:i» . 


A^' 


.  „,  "'"«-"  IS  us  loiiows: 


.iiKi   c 


If; 


1 


ymi-.c 


*■<». 


>j 


4r. 


...  ^ 

H:  Doc.  136. 

J  Commerce,  has  devoted  itself  to  the 

Wthe  Ministers  ^ffJ^fj^P  "Attention  which  its  importance  demanded. 
skd  examination  With  «^ /^c  attenti  ^^.  ^^i^^.^^^  ^^^^  ^^^^^j.  ^^^^ 

It  has  heard  delegates  from  "^^^^^^^^^  „f  the  rern.u-kublc  d.- 

equlpped.  It  has  consulted  J^  f  ^^  J^^^  ^^  i^^u  ^s  the  deliberations  of 
c2ssFpns  held  by  the  Counsel  ofJ,tate^^^^^^  honorable  Mr.  Ducoe,  its 
the  commission  tormerlyappoin^^^^^^^  ^^  si>eak-as,hc 

president ;  dehbe^ationsjliu^h  serve  ^^.  ^^  ^^^^^^  ^^  ^    ^^ 

Lsis  fbV  this  P^"J«^Vvr  m"  sslu  sThe  Ministirs  of  the  Mannc  .ul 
feet  un^«>^^t^,^7,S/D?re^^^^^^  of  Customs,  that  we  lay  before 

Commerce,  and  the  yirecior  v? 

you  the  result  of  our  labors.  thought  for  a  moment  that  the 

^  Your  commission,  messieurs    ^a^o^  ^ho  j  ^^^  ^^  ^^^^^  ^^^^ 

encouragement  S^^^^^f^^^^^^  f;!^one  form  of  industry.    Unquestm- 
exclusive  favbr  or  P^^^^^f  ,^°^ '^rti^^^^^       «nd  the  commercial  actmty  I 
ably,  the  industry  exerte^^^^  of  employn.nt 

arising  from  it*,  becomes  a  vtr^  ^^^^  consideration  apj 

-^S^&  euch  indu^i^^         ^  ^ 
at  the  ^^'^^^jt^XS^  and  bounties,  can  be just,fi^ 

intervention  «V^^- Tnf  rreneral  and  public  interest.    It  is  not,  there-' 
"    only  by  consideraUon«o    general  mia  p  ^^  ^^  ^^^^^ 

fore,  a  commercial  ^^^^m^  H w-a  law  conceived  for  the  advnnc. 
sembly,  but  rather  a  ^^^^ime  aw     a  .^  .^  .^  ^^^.^  ^j.  ^, 

ment  of  the  naval  p^wc^  1  '  , '  ,^^^^^^^^^^^  granted  to  the  great  lishe^ 
only,  that,  in  our  opinion,  the  «"'^;";;'«^^^^^,a  on  the  thnn.  most  mA 
ries  ought  to  be  maintamei^l.     h  r'l"^ '  ^^  f  ..^r.     The  niemorvof 

^a^t^e^  of  Europe,,  must  c^ntm^^^^^^ 
her  history,  the  genius  ot  In  5^>™^^^^     ,       .,j  ,/f  the  continent,  M 

^^^SXC^fherWn.^^^^ 

irreparable  injury  to^bc^^Xl^ii^K^^^^^  ^^^n 

ment  of  naval  power.    T'-ea  es,  ^"^  ,  ^^^^hle  objectH 

of  time,  haye  «"f  f  ^'^^1^/.^  AmScans,  coal  to  the  English;  and 
freight.    Cdttdn  belongs  t"  the  Am^  ican^,       ^^^^  ^^^  ^^^^^^^^  ^^^^  ^ 

the  a>resent  moment,  "^^^^^'V^^''^^^^         and  less.  1 

,    tant*navigation,  seem  to  be  ^^'^^Vj^^^^i.  ^^^^^  i„  order  to  preserve  theJ 

The  great  fisheries  ^'^^^ '"^"^ZZZiCX^e  rece\yU  even  at  J 

we  must  continue  the  encouragements  tftg  ^«  j^       J 

nods  when  a  commercial  and  ^  ""^^  JiX^^  abundant 

OU9  hopes  oi  our  maritime  *^nl;«tments.  ^  ^^^^^^    . 

and  in  numbers  so  important,  for  the  service  oi        «^^ 


H.   Doc.  136.  i^ 

Thus  it  appears  from  the  crew  liQta    r 
nambers  olmen  employed  bv  the  rmtl''  7""  ^V"^^  ^^^*  ^^^  avei^ge- 
L  commercial  vessei/are  as  KJlows         ^^'^  ^Jogrammesof  tomia^ 

For  long  coasting 

Forforeign  voyages. .]"' [ 6men*_ 

For  short- coasting. ..... ."         * 8    «'. 

For  fishery  on  the  Grand  iiaiik's ^*     " 

Forfishery  at  Iceland:  13    « 

For  fishery  at  8t.  Pierre' imdMiquVlftn ?''     " 

For  fishery  on  the  coasts  of  Newfoundland J?  *  " 

These  figures  clear  y  prove  the  ,.nn»:^      ki  ' "; 30    «•    .- 

Ibrs  in  the  developmenn,7ou  "r^Z"  ^^^  "  ^'^^^  ^^ich  cod-fishing 
Lsary  to  confirm  t?ie  fact  yJ     C   "^^^^^^^^^^  ,  «'  "  >-er«  n^ 

ho.2,  appended  to  this  report.  estal«es  flm  7h    -""^"^  '^^  '^^'  ^^^b- 
Itune  population  in  the  districts  in  which    h  ^"^^-f  a^e  of  the  mam 

L  been,  on  the  average,  durn/thrn?A^  T'^^'  ^«  fi««d  out 

Llaw  which  we  call^jCyo?  o  nS  /^S^f^  ^^e  prevalence  of 
Ipercent.;  whereas,  in  throther  d  strT^?.  Ji,  ^       ^'^,  ^''^  twenty-sa 
Ifcorteen  per  cent.  "^"^*'  ^^^  P'^^S^ess  has  not  exceeded 

England,  notwithstanding  th*»  iir..r,««« 

Sm;  the  United  States.  wferS^  ^^^F  ^»«"1«^  P«8i- 

asmuch  as  they  are  carried  on  ,mrT  .1    •   ^^^  economical  and  iasy, 
Palways  favcJed  thl^et^tir^^^inTr^^^^^^  ^^  ^olS' 

te  to  ref.s,  ,,pp,,  ^ 

Usent  in  a  condition  vx^ry  SS  •'  u>  ilm  J  '"'"'^  ^^'Pf^^^^"  are 
I  There  was  a  time  when  Fmncl^^L^^^^^^  ^y  ^^""^  "vafe- 

[The  same  treaties  reserve  to  us  the  rioht  ,.r  «  u- 

[tonly  at  determined  points  and  distances      W  "^  "^"1"  '^^  ^'^^- 

hteblish  ourselves  on  the  northern  r.?!-  J^^  !'^^  «"Jy  permitted 

Unthsof  the  year,  and  tha^X^.^''^       ^^"^'^^^^ 

titations.  ^      *      "*  "'''^  '^"'^'^"^  constructing  any  permanent 

JMonibesoutfierncoastof  IVpwr      II  "r/°"'  pennanent  habita.- 
pe  climate  an^the  ferdlitv  J  Z''' "r^'  ^'^^^J^  by  the  mildness 
b  out  with  them  l,,y'^  ?^n  ^^y^V"^  ^'^^''  ^^  obliged^tO 
TOTor  the  coltrucS^^^lfer?'^^^ 
«is  necessary  for  subsfstence  iTf  T.  '^'^'"''  .*"^'  ^»  «  ^^^^d'  ^ 
ht  portion  of  NewSnlnd  .?  J^'  *''^  «P«™t'°ns  of  the  seaami. 


r ..:: 


f  ^ 


Ei»J    * 


jfriM 


?*5iUr  iit- 


I*  r 


*t 


t 


■.ji-^v  '.'I- 


'  ">  '. 


r  • 


i^ilpi 


V 


-/  ' 


i»., 


g^w  ,, 


-/ 


H.  Doc.  1^6. 


064 

-are  ^asy  and  economical  along  the  vast  range  of  coasts  they  possess, 
''^,Tc:::^^:^'of^'^S^^y  m  position  can  be  reada,a, 

fisljenes  can  be  sold  at  prices  grt,Auy  "'  nmfluctions  will  1* 

«vi-  and'the  great  marts  to  which  we  carry  our  productions  wiu  be 
^  Sm  dosed  against  us,  if  we  do  not  counterbalance  the  disad- 
^a^s  pi  o?r  situation  by  means  of  prudently  considered  encourag.  , 

l^iS^rri^l!^:^^^ 

twr^tkmTthe  preservation  of  the  great  fisheries  assumes  a  degr^-S 
S^JSncemo?e  serious  when  they  are  viewed  as  bemg  m  fa^J 

"T^h^t  r  i::ir?a7e  7r  enrolment  for  the  navy  arising  ^t] 
veieWcHn  the  fishertes,  has  .f^i^ed  the  hopes  wh.^  induced  the 
L.«TUlation  to  impose  certain  sacrifices  on  the  treasury. 

3   That  in  disadvantageous  position  towhich  the  treaties  have 
«Led  our  shipmasters,  the  tishSies  can  be  mamtained  orjy  by 

iSn"f  :  iS'^^r^ce  o^thTsaTrffices  Jo  Xh  the  State  has  sub inhJ 
^d  to  coSer  whether  we  may  lcK>k  for  --l^XSTaf  i 
.  assistance  asked  for  from  the  new  clauses  of  the  proposed  law.        | 

BOUNTIES   OX   VESSELS   FITTED   OUT. 

"We  fish  for  cod —  ^      „     j 

On  the  Grand  Bank  of  Newfoundland ; 

On  the  shores  ofthe  same  island; 
.On  those  ofthe  isles  of  St.  Pierre  and  Miquelon; 

In  Uie  Icelandic  seas ; 

And  on  the  Dogger  Bank. 

We  fish  with  or  without  drying.  ,     ,    i     j-  » 

F^rhen^  without  drying  is  carried  on  in  the  Icelandic  seas  on 

Do^rKk  and  on  the  Grand  Banks  o^  Ne^^fo""^?,"^ Jt 
S  Es  salted  on  board  the  fishing  vessels,  ^d  each  v  s^dk  ^ 

it  to  France  as  soon  as  the  cargo  is  ^^"^Pl^^^-T,^,^!';^^ 
eoMsh,  which  is  consumed  entirely  m  France.     This  descnptioni 
tK  emnlovs  far  fewer  men  than  the  fishery  with  drying,  and  y 
^:SnZ^^rfirnoZ\hundani.    Fishery  with  drying  is  pract. 
S  Se  Grand  Bank  of  Newfoundland,  on  the  shores  of  that  island, 
<«  those  ofthe  isles  of  St.  Pierre  and  Miquelon. 

The  cod  there  taken  s  dried  on  shore,  either  at  ^t.  rierre 
xi-„..!l.„.  ..^  tW  coasta  of  N^«^f""ndland  where  that  privilege  I 
I^S^to^^ir  Thi:  Xy  c^dis  not  sparingly  consumed|^ 
STs  nrinciuaU  v  exported,  with  the  aid  of  bounUes,  to  French  coM 
?nd  CgrlS  either  direcdy  from  the  fishenes  by  the  fcb 

''t^-r.lT::ETJ^o:^^^^^^^    beenlujnished- 
.jimtdSg  the  period  from  1841  to  1S49  the  returns  of  the  Fr«. 


LsiSfi-^ 


-  jr-T 


;oasts  they  possess, 


H.  Doc.   136. 


665 


fijheries  have  been  annually,  on  an  5,v«ro  i 
pammes:  of  this  gross  amount"  ^  oJoonf'i.  ""l  ^^'^O^'OpO  kilo- 
France,  17,000.000  have  been  Verted  ?  .1  ''^  ^^"  consumed  in 
Uuntries;  and  that  the  exportation  Wko  ^  colomes  or  to  foreign 
Lrtions  fh,m  the  seats  of  fishei^  an?r  "J"''*^^  '"  "^^^^7  ^qual  pS 
Lt  two-fifths  of  the  returns^f 'o"r  &Zr^'.  P''''  ^^T^^^^^  ^^^ 
narkets  from  which  the  competition  nf'"^'  T  ^^^^'^  exported  to 
dodeus,  were  it  not  for  the^a  rafforjed^"^      ^""'^  ^^''^  «««"  ^^' 

tteprK^esoftheEnghshandAmeScoH-  ""^^^^^  of  bounties;  for 
Ihe  mtes  of  our^  fish,  owing  to  the  Sr.n.  ""^.^^^^ays  be  lower  than 

[fed.  We  shall  proceed  to  t^Z:ilTZ  T  l''^''  "^  "« 
Itbis  exportation  be  stopped,  our  eonln^  7  r  ^"^^  ^^  ^^^  case,  and 
Ljdibe  reduced  to  a^mos^TnsiSSTnlr''"'^  ^  '^'^  ^^heri^ 
L  seamen  would  be  deprived  of  one  of  .>=''"'  ^"^  °"^  enrohnent 
Ine  encouragements  given  to  the  cod  fisheVv'nrf  1^'^'*?"'  ^«s«"rces. 
I«  the  number  of  men  in  every  crew  and  infnK  '^''^^^  "^^«  ^^"n^es 
Lof  the  produce,  counted  by  t^'^ntTofZfT  T  '^'  ^'^P^^*' 
lloonty  varymg  according  to  the  desuSon  nf  t J  '  ^"^  *^^  ^«""t  °f 
I  It  follows  that  the  bounties  ontCll^J^  ^  u^  '^^'^«^«- 
Vyed  in  both  kinds  of'Sing^t  wTth'^  beneficial  to  the  vessel. 

,  .^nses  of  the  State^in  the^ccS  fireriZT  '^^^''^  ^'"^^  1^41,'  Z 
kerage  of  3,900,000  francs  ^'^''"^'  ^"^*^  annually  reached  the 

I  The  cod  fisheries   employ  332  vessels    47  nnn  .        .      , 
ked,  according  to  the  ffovernmpnff'       'v^°  ^''"^  burden,  and 
&e  men,  therffore,1s  ^anZal  chapel'' ^  '''•'''  "^"-    ^ach 
f«it  has  been  said  that  if  the  Cntt  Sd  on  fh""''""  '^^^"^  fr«^^*- 
■«re  discontinued,  the  fisheries  necessSv  fol  tK  ^^P^^^^^'""  of  Ash 

elf  would  still  remain;  anditi8inrLvyf^'''V''''''^''SofFranom 
thepnxluce  of  our  fisheries  that XhM^'/-'  ?'^  ^^°"t  «"e-third 
Wvy  a  sum.    It  is  no^  LerefoTe   12  00^?  '^'""^^'^y^^rly  with 
t  ?"'"'^r.  ^Wch  cost's  us  Sl^e  mnff.  '''^^'''  ^"'  ^^^  ^^^  part 

H;ot  the  thirlVf  that  numbeV  whrirnfif  t  ^^'''"  ^^''^^  «^^J°«^     ' 
^'   In  fact,  the  op^raTions  Tf  thffl    -^  '''^  '.^^"«^««  «f  t^ 
^  a  single  whole.    ItTs  le  elit^^^^^^^  ^^  indivisible,  and 

« in  our  markets  which  Inl  bS  f  e'StdL'^r' '^''*^"  ^  ^ 

fa  It  not  true,  if  the  hnnutL^AA      ^"?,*}""ig  out  so  many  ve»- 

"ies^and  toTor^gn''^,^^^^  ^n  the  shipments  to  tha 

eorthe  fisheries,  tSsfStPr^nll"*^*^  pi^poFtTon  of  the  pro- 

hdthatconsequemrthereu^o^b'''^''  T^'T^  closed  agaW 

M  and  prices  lowered  r^  """''  "^^^"'*«  ^'°"ld  ^  ^"^ 

te:S:"Tl'^^^^^^^^^  -^;;.«tate  of  things  can 


■'  T 


'\', 


^ :. 


■ »:    I- 


U  ■' 


T7 


/!' 


y 


•    if 


^*^ 


666 


H;  Doc.  186. 


.ould  .ease.    It  -y  ^e  said  ^^  it^hTroit^rTat  tol^l;: 

?r«arver^  dearly  for  French  fish,  or  else  admit  foreign  cod 

CJe  We  observed,  messieurs,  the  fisheries  without  drying,  the 

.^Lnf  which  are  more  simple  and  the  returns  larger,  employ  a 

operations  of  ™  ^"^^^  ™Xrs.    But,  again,  the  vessels  In  use  tWth» 

much  «n)^er  number  ot  ^^^J'  ^^^^^^  j^.^^s  necessary  for  the  nav- 

rS'onf^m^tn^l^^^rna^^^^  said  of  this  fishery,  that  if  it  prep.J 
igauon  01  inein,  au  j  .inWoTS.  the  elue  of  the  navy.    Itis 

fcu,er  men  for  f^e  sea,  it^.r««  bet^^^  ^.^ 

C^mLT^X  'Th^^^^^^^^^^^  anchor,  and  sends  out  her  J 

et^erday ,  Tnlhe  heaviest  seas,  to  set  and  agmn  take  up  the  hnes.  Of » 
^^ndsoffishery  itis  the  rudestand  most  exposed. 

Tt  would  seemlt  first  that  the  encouragements  given  o  it  hould  be 
eaial  to  those  g^ven  to  The  fisheries  witli  drying  and  the  island  feb- 
Sef  stace  on  t£  one  hand  its  products  are  abundant,  and  more  cap^J 
S^UTng  to  their  quaUty  of  sustaining  compeUtion  against  foreign  pr^ 

rrSaf  the  larcaS  alftas  its'end  the  encouragement  oft^ 
Se  in  codfish.  This  branch  of  industry,  ns  we  have  already  sta^J 
S„dd  havVno  title  above  any  other^o  require  sacrifices  on  the  part d 

rp  if  it  did  not,  ^^y£:^^:irzx^:^^ 

^SdtyTetjkaJo^^^^^^^^^^  which  furnLies  the  njostsi 

^sTtiiat  which  b?st  justifies  the  highest  encouragement     Now  t^ 
Sherv  on  the  Grand  B.iik,  without  drying,  is  the  best  school  for  sm^ 
but  k  is  hicontestable  that  the  fishery  on  the  coast  ot  NewfoundW,  J 
vSl  a?  St.  Pierre  and  Miquelon,  otter  a  readier  and  more  eftcad 
means  of  recruiting  the  navy.     As  to  that  which  is  earned  on  upon  tj 
SiTo?  Nrwfounfland,  witl  drying,  jhe  bounties  on^^^^^^^^^^^^ 
it  pniovs  have  not  been  altered  since  1816.     It  has  always  Deennia 
at  fiCfrSper  man  for  each  of  the  crew.  .  The  law,  moreove^H 
Les  on  all  vessels  fitted  out  with  this  destination,  the  obh^Uon 
Krkhifi  at  least  twenty  men  in  every  vessel  of  less  than  one  hu 
SSs  buS   hirty  men  for  a  vessel  from  one  hundred  to  one  bund. 
S  ESht  tons;  and  fifty  men  for  a  vessel  fronS  one  hundred. 
Stteiltfns  upward.    It  is  this  fishery  which  employs  the  lar 
S„mW  of  vessels,  and  which  is  mosjt^ favorable  to  enlistments.  In] 
yrng  men  from  ^^^^^    to  eighteen  years,  ^^^o  otherwise  wouMne 
Ce&ght  of  navigation,  go  on  board  as  cubm-boys  or  p^M 
n^rl  make  twveral  voyages.-  They  are  empl^ed^in  the  work  asm- 
Zi  irwtefi^^e  s^STear  they  go  out  m  a^fishj 

^ats  e^ry  morning,  and  retm-n  ^-^y  ^f  ;;^^"f '  ^/^jj  ^  3 
are  formed  eraduaUy  to  continued  navigaUon.  After  three  year., 
yc^ngmen,^?  they  W  passed  the  age  of  s«te*3n  vears,  a^^^H 
ind  Llong  for  tfie  remaunder  of  their  lives  to  tBe  manomej 
Syond  question,  these  recruits  who  so  largely  sweU  our  bstsare 


i 


j'i^^^A 


H.   Doc.  136.  ^ 

first,  but  very  imperfect  sailors-  rh^r. 

three  voyages  required  previous' to  bSn^ir^", '"'"^. '^^°' ^^^^^  the 
fc  sea  as  an  emplovment;  but  the  nTmbev  S't  ""  -^^  "''^'  ^^^^  "P 
to.  has  been  statecf.     And  is  it  not  eySpn...    /''^'^  ''  "'"^'^  ^'^^"e^ 

hea-board  would  enter  less  readily  upon  th  ''"'  P"P"I«tion  on  the 
place  of  the  excitement  and  interest  wD.  t  '''''^^''  "^  ■''^«'"^"'  ^^  in 
mes  offers,  they  had  no  prospect  buT    at  IrrK^'T"'"^"*  '"  '^^  ^'^- 

Instate?  *^      ^     :  ""t  "lat  of  embarking  in  the  vessels 

I  The  government  proposes  to  vn.,  t^  "^-    • 

Ifrancs  a  n.an  for  the  crews  of  vessds  emT^'T  ■SS^^'^'y  ^^  fi% 
Idtying,  whether  carried  on  upon  flu!  ^""^  "^^'j  ^"^he  fisheries,  with 
[Pierre,  and  Miquelon,  whereTe"co  ;,  ot  Lf  ^^'T?-^'  ^^  «* 
Lalogous,  or  upon  the  Grand  Bank.  We  W^  l?'?*?^  ^^  ^'^^S  are 
feol  tlus  mode  of  fishing,  even  when  it  il^T  ''""^"^  *«  '^^  ^iftcult- 
■diefish  caught.  ^  "^''^^  •'  i^'lirosecuted  without  dryin<r 

We  give  entire  approbation  tn  fh«.  .  .  ° 

The  bounty  on  the  fi«hin  " vl  .1         P^°P"^^'tions. 
hd  at  fifty  francs  per  man  for  eacTof  2'"^  '"  '''^  ^'''^^'''^''^  seas,  i, 
J,1841.     We  havi^  retained   hL  a  .o  on  thi;''^'  ''"'"  '^^  lawof  Ju„e 
teursthe  Minister  of  Commerce  andTLvr      '"^^on^mendation  of  mes^ 
Lore  suitable  for  the  formaSf  intreS^ri    ^'^  ''A^''^^  ^"  ^-'h' 
lewloundland  the  ship  is  laid  up  and  SisrSil   J    ''•   .^^^^^e  coast  of 
[.sat  anchor;  in  Iceland  it  mJs    neerbeS  ^" '^  «^»"d  B^nks 
b,  and  on  a  sea  continually  stormv  nnd  Iv  .    i  ^''^J/''^  •■''"^"g  floatinir 
M  with  hand-lines,  from^a  h uS   o  !  h.fn  f     7^'  I'f'^'S  is  Prac? 
length;  the  fish,  instead  of  be  ng  sal^d  in  K  ^"^  ^^'^  '"^^^oms 
N  in  tuns  brought  from  France      Thi  ''""''  '"  Prepared  and 

«  dried ;  this  fishery  only  ZnishJs  the"    '"'"'"^  f"^  ^^'^'""^  «re      ' 
^ce,  and  thus  it  rec4ives^no  benefiron   h.T'\  ""^.  """«"™^d  in 
enumber  of  vessels  fitted  out  not  h'w.'n     ""*'"'  ^''''  ^^P"«ation. 
h-le  to  conclude  that  ^^^7 S^S^^^^^^^J^ 

p^^!^:^t^^^^^  We 

h  to  this  fishery,  carried  on^in  the  NorTh  t     "^  '''"  "'"""'  ^^^ich  is. 

bounty  ori  di^.  codfish  sent  VoreF^tCl"^  '"  '^^  ^?^"  "^  1^41, 
^e  where  the  fi^sh  is  caught  or  from  tL  vv      ,   ''"^'.  ^^''^^''''  ^^m  the 
[^francs  per  quintal.     iVe  law  p^ono'eTr  7'"  '^u*'^^"^'^'  ^^  ^^^^ 
h^r  quintal;  and  we  annrovr7       ,     '*''^"^^  ^^'^  ^""""nt  to  20 
|la.^ignsabountyofl4fiStheo    nnl""'^^^^   .'^^^  «^™«  J«>^  or 
Wcountries.     A  decrefof  AutsTsi  184s""  codfish  sent  into  trans-    ' 
r^'  The  present  project  Dronof^ftn       i     '■  '""'^^"^  ^^'^  ^''^^Y  to  18 
«!;  sent  to W  FreSch^  '23     w"  ^t' ''  "f  ^  ^^  ^^^*  ^^^^^'^^d 
bffi-conceived.  and  lilcX^ J^'^^  t^^f^PT""^  »     - 
P'^™^-    In  factrtL  diminuti^Jr    7^  ^eneficiaf  effects  on 
^  on  exportation;  to  ourToCaJ to?  ^•'"''  P"""  'l"'"^"!  ^^  the 
mentauon  of  two  francs  in  favor  of  r'''^«'''""«'  together  with  an 
^countries,  will  tend  to  W^ne^^^^^^  *?  ^^  ^»««t- 

^moment  when  the  politicaTand  clJ'^ ,  "^/'^^^.*^  *«  "«'  «*  the 

^-^  us  to  apprehend  a  dirfXrLTnr  ^^     ^"^  ^^'^^ 

o  U4  uieir  oramary  consumption*. 


-^    ^ 


/v    ■•«^* 


r 


.^•i 


r^ 


668 


H.  Doc.  136. 


The  sacrifice  on  the  pnrt  of  the  treasury  will  not  be  augmented;  for  a 
considerable  quantity  of  codfish  was  re-exported  fi-om  our  colonies, 
after  having  cnjoyed'the  bounty  of  22  francs.  The  shippers  would  no 
lonaer  have  aA  interest  in  overstocking  our  colonial  markets  with  their 
pnSuce,  since  the  bounty  will  be  no  higher  when  sent  there  than  when 
sent  to  Cuba  br  Brazil;  and,  at  the  same  time,  the  exempUon  from  aO 
duties  in  pur  colonies  guarmities  ihAt  they  will  always  be^  sufficientlj 

"""^^lie  prohibition  to  send  codfish  to  ports  at  which  there  is  no  Frencli 
•consul  forms  piu-t  of  the  law  of  1841.  In  order  to  prevent  abuses,  t)« 
shippers  are  oWigetl  to  Ihrnish  a  certificate  proving  the  good  quaky 
their  fish,  jind  its  exact/veight.  It  is  important  to  the  mterest  of  the 
treasury  that  thes^  certificates  should  be  made  by  a  government  officer,! 
who  would  be  under  the  influence  of  responsibdity  not  telt  by  raen 
completely  unconnected  with  the  administration.  There  is, ^moreover, 
no  port  of  any  consideration  at  which  there  is  not  a  French  consi 

^Thls  commission  has  considered  it  its  duty  to  admit  our  colonies 
the  western  coast  of  Afi-ica  to  the  benefit  of  the  same  bounties  accords 
to  the  West  India  colonies,  and  has  especially  had  Senegal  in  viewn 
colony  too  often  overlooked  and  forgotten.    The  government  has  acceptj 
«d  this  addition  to  the  proposed  law.  ^  .„  c- 

The  present  project  estabUshes  the  bounty  of  16  francs  on  export 
tions  t6  European  countries  and  to  foreign  States  on  the  Mediterranea 
-which  the  law  of  1841  had  established  at  14  bancs,  and  a  decreet 
1848  had  raised  to  18  frarfcs.     This  reduction  in  favor  of  the  treaai 
we  do  not  consider  Ukely  to  militate  agaijist  our  exportation  to  tho 
countries.    In^pcurrence  with  the  government,  we  include  luscai 
in 'this  category;  but  we  except  from  it  Sardmia,  where  ancient  ai 
well-assured  relations  permit  us  to  reduce  the  protection  to  12  franc?.! 
Upon  the  whole,  messieurs,  the  scale  of  bounties  which  we  aboj 
propose  to  you  promises  the  treasury  a  saving  of  300,000  francs,  H 
vided  that,  in  spite  of  our  fears  of  its  decrease,  our  exportations  of  c 
fish  remain  equal  to  what  they  have  been  during  the  last  ten  years. 
The  second  article  of  the  p^jposed  law  retains  the  obhgation  it 
«ich  vessel  shall  have  a  minimum  of  crew  proportioned  to  the  size  J 
die  ship.   This  measure,  which  was  established  in  1832,  on  the  requj 
of  the  shipmasters  themselves,  is  at  once  preservative  of  their  interei 
«nd  those  of  maritime  enlistment,  the  essential  object  of  aU  the  prw 
tion  to  the  fisheries. 

The  Minister  of  Marine  has  declared  to  us  that  the  minimums 
peared  to  him  to  be  judiciously  regulated,  and-that  there  was  no  n« 
iitv  for  modifying  them,  the  administration  having  had,  thus  lar.i 
f^ion  to  complain  of  any  abuses.     The  conitnission  has  thereforei 
proved. the  romimuins^Jia, tliey  are  now  established,  addmg,thatMj 


the  course  of  the  term  which  you  propose  to  fix  lor  the  duratim 
law,  the  necessity  of  augmenting  them  shall  become  evident,  tiiegq 
crnment  shall  have  the  power  to  prqvide  for  their  increase. 

Tho  vessels  sent  to  the  fisheries  without  drying,  having  salt  on  i 
thatistosav.in  Iceland  and  on  the  Grand  Bank--are  never  8ub)ecte<i| 
jUie  ordinance  respecting  minimums;  they  embark  at  their  own  pie 


r   •  < 


A   Doc.  130.  ^^ 

I  Mch  number  of  men/aa  fh«-  ""^ 

Ung  and  fishing.     ;J'heir  crews'Sri^  '^^^  ^^"^  ^^^visable  for^avf 
J  DO  need,  like  the  v«»«»i„  c  i-     ^®  ^<^ss  numerous  K^^  ""^«^  iQr  navi- 

Ete alike  Jthfrir  ^^^'  but  all  the  m^n beinTS,?  ''^^'.1"  ''^^ 
Ibring  back  to  FrZce  L  ''^^^"^-  ^^^se  ves3  ^r"^'''  "^  "''"- 
Con  the  cha^Srw&^2'''"^  P^^^^^e  of  Ihet  fi^  •^^'"P^'led  to- 
fcg.  have  mZ  im^^  ^  ^\  ^"'  ^^P^^ially  for  L  fiS" -•  ®^^^^^' 
ImyMrt  of  therc-irlT   ^""[P^^'ned  of  the  absoLl         u-^'^^  '^'^^''^^ 

L unde;stoof  that  ^L^'^T^^^^^  '^^^^^  fo coE  ^,^ f  «^«^«  'hem  at 

I  Meirs  tiTe  Ministers  of  r  '^        rmnou*/ 

W/to  view  of  the  ca  °  ,*^r"""-'^«  "ml  the  Marine  l,n  / 

raodBank,  withmif  /i^,r-  "^e^iaie  warehousm<r.     Th«  fi„k        r  ^^ 

H-^  is  to  say!  Chou^f  't  '^^  *''"  t^'^ty-five  without  h.in 
WdtotheSbhstf"^^^^^^^^    -ade  fc^e  voyag^Hre^rj 

Km^  ^  i;^«P^^  -W:  young^t/!?trt  "'  ^  '"-^"er  ^ 
K  P^®°  °^  above  twentv-fiir^^'         "  *^®  bounties  were  ar! 


Fjf^fore,  that  f/^  StrH  I      "^^"?^^°  the  navy. 


f  . 


■-I 


JtJ^rig^t- 


>«S?  boun^*"-*"*^  "'"'""'>"'  «oWe  .5ch  me;;  S"; 


i 


1  :i:  ■,:;■; -i:"^ 

-W 

■^^^pp 

*?      vl      t         _           '"'';' 

^ 

'•  "■'■' 

;    * 

T  V-.      -"^'g-  :--'i*?-^»' 

*i^2^jij 

llife^ 

'*: 

^^1 

Hf^g 

', 

*"''  wBH^^^^^^^^^^HI  ' 

^^H 

HHB^ 

^  H^^^^^^^^^^^^V ' 

1 

''"''  T^^^^K'^ 

|H 

Rp^ 

i 

'  IM^K. 

^H 

Hf'H 

1 

^  i^Ji^^^Bt 

H 

m 

6*30 


H.  Doc.  186. 


n^  * 


"iKr^!^ 


.ies  allowed  on  the  exporta^^J^he^-^^^^  ^—Tth^t^^^^^^^ 
ri^ht  is  accorded  by  rfje  laws  ""J/^^f^"/^^,  ^.Lg  Voyages  r^\he 
."^J^^roricrnrthlt^^^^^^^^       an  officer,  to  be  deeded  capableo,] 

^^X^^Kth^^rt^l'^^c^r;^^^^^^^^  f^  P7»^^ 

foreign  voyage^, -d  the  ma.^^^^^^  „,  ^,J 

tested  strongly  against  this  prov^ionft^  J^  I 

«,t  runinously  on  the  ^^^^^^"^^.^^^^^^        ^^st,  are  commanded  by  tlj' 
vessels  annually  sent  to  ^^J^ J^^; f  Ji^borious  navigation-i 
masters  of  coasters,  who  quit  that  hard  J^^^^^       ^^^^^^l    i„  ,^^ 

they  find  an  occasion  to  J^^f,  ^^^  "  ffic^^^^^^^^  Icelandic  lishen« 

it  is  our  opinion,  messieurs,  ^^^^  ^^^^^^f^J^^^^^^  otall W 

require  practical  experience,  and  the  endurame^^^ 

toVhiJli  mariners   .^^»^«,^^;:^,^!^ne.?rof  opinion  that  it  is™ 
accustomed  from  theur  childhood,  mid  we  •'^^  ^^"P        ^^.  ^^^  y 

advisable  to  depnve.^J^lrtlxS^^^^^^^^^^  are  lor  theL 

reaching  a  station  which  ""'^'^^J^Pf^X  to  reconcile  the  securityo 
part,  -different  to  acqm^^^^  ^^^^^ 

<:onditions  with  reference  t«  dat^  ^"^J^^^^^^^^^^^^  of  hispr 

words  :  "if  he  shall  r:^«^^^"J'fj2e„^^^^^  A  mrL 

fession  as  -f^^^^  ^t^^^^^ 

rial  decree  oflS^^^^'^.X  new  law  will  only  confirm,  by  render. 
ing  vessels  obhgatory;  t»*5^"f^,^^\L  fourth  ^  reproduces! 
legal,  a  "^^^f  ^^^^^^I.^'Sfof ^^^^^^  18^2,  addi,^! 

j,rovi8ions  ol  the  ^^^^^^f^^i^^tien^^^^^  have  the  power  ofixingi 
ft  a  provision  \rJ?^^i^^^%S3  remain  on  the  'fishing  ground. 
period  durmg  :«^^^<^^.^^*\;f^^^  ^  it  is  advisable  such  periods  slw' 

r  flEma»'8  operauom,  in  regard  u,  the  tou„t.as.  | 

SPCOMD  HEAD. 

The  ^cond  head  of  the  prqec,  pre^nted  by  the  govcr-enl. 
to  the  salt  to  be  used  in  the  "^nf '"»•      .  ,.^  evamined  the  pr«> 
Yo«r.omn,issio„  me,s,e„,..^as  'J^^^Vy,.^*^  '       ^'j 

under  th.s  ''«"'>1   '' !XS™S  of  S,  and  several  JeM"*^ 
^anufectures  ofAe  Mfere«  kmd  ^  ^^^  ^^_^ 

_     the  puttittera  of'tysels  intereMeu  .^^  i|ial.pH 

liberation,  the  <:<'''™'?'""?^°™^^fSre  of  solt,Vith^ 
-■''™^.';°^\rvr3S;d"1strmlr„t  engaged,!.^ 

•  I 


Ki^.J 


H.   Doc.  136. 


671 


jue  of  the  various  kinds  of  «nif  ♦    k  ®'^ 

this  reservation,  since  the  governmpn/"l''P"^,'^  ''^  ^°Wi"g  ourselves  tn 
presentation  of  thn  r.r^,-    p    .^"^""lent  has  declarprl  t^     ""^feives  to 

k  »  prove  as  wdl  for  suctfi  Kfe""''  ""'  "  «h^l  be  nee™" 

The  second  head  is,  therefore  r^!    !  P'^^^^"*.  uiaciure, 

'-^8,  which  is  usdess!    S  yoi  wll?/  "^  ^^-^"--tment  of  the  law  of 

'^X"K;„Tji2^  1""*" "'  ----^"o^ 

ek^Jerein  me„g„Sl  teS  j",'  ^^=<"»Wy  of  r^ee  pa.,ed 

ttJ™«,5.te£:;&>«^«-^yof  January.  XS52.  „„,,  ^ 
"like  as  follows:      .  ""'''"™g™ent  of  the  c«l.fi°hOT 

BOTOTIES   TO  IHB   CKEW. 

terj;;„iir^j:;j^fisheHe.i„^^  ...^  .„o„„ai„, 

telToVr^''  ■■"  "■<=  ^"O^-e-y  on  U.e  Grand  Ban. 
I  For  each  man  emplovetl  in  ,1..  c  u 

ployed  .n  the  finery  „„  ,he  Dogger  Bank,  15 

fe?''^'""«™'-™-^^  'he  plaee 

pes  in  America  or  India,  or  to  thp  P        u^^  ''^  ^""^e  to  French 


'g 


iif* 


;1i«'' 


..j«8WH"^' 


'Y. 


i 

'4, 


,ir 


•  i 


^^  *> 


672 


tL  Boc   186. 


Atlantic  countries,  from  ports  in  France, 
America  or  India,  or  to  tran^-At^t^cou^^^^^^^ 

Without  being  warehoused,  P/^^'^^rted  d Ject  from  the  place  wher. 

4.  ,^tr'fr^,°m\t';Ti:^??t^^^^  A^S^^  ^^  ^"-"^ 

Siqie.  twelve  francs.  ^  „        ^      I 

BOUNTY  ON  COD  MVERS.  ^ 

„-^  Witst-'isxis  Sf fir  ■ 

f  v^nnties  itwiU  be  8jii»tbat  there  ani 
From  the  foregoing  state  of  boup^««'^;  ,^^  fighefe  of  Ne^  E<^ 
soml^ounds  for  the  fears  entertamfc^^^^^^ 

land,  ?hat  the  cod  ^^^^g^^^^^^  ^tVof  the  tnited  States,  with  the. 
troduced  into  the  P^"^^'^  "^ff  fr^cs  on  the  French  qumtal  metnq» 
vantage  of  a  bounty  of  ^^"^l^^^^  a  half  pounds  avoirdupotsve, 
^hich  is  two  hundred  ^^^  twenty^  r-^    ^        h^^dred. 

nearly  equal  to  two  dollar,  jper  A  ^^  ,,,^^,„  ,^^ 


arly  equal  to  two  «o"^"^^/ ;-;;ai  too;wbat  our  fishermen  obtaini 


their 


LViTcd fish  f  ^"l'"'"^^^;' rwS  ite  French  pro.e«Je.b 
Tn  order  to  show  Ihe  extern  "    .  presented.     Theji 

di^^ea  fisheries    the  MowmgT^^^^^       to^/eP-rl'i:: 
translations  from  ^^'^^^"iemWy?  and  have,  therefore,  .the  high«to 
mission  of  the  Nauonal  Assemoiy, 

ficial  authority.  „      .. 


I 


I 

i 


s 


~^* 


.1- 


^  ' 

§- 

•« 

' 

§ 

Q 

^ 

i 

•5      -7 

1 

t    1 

V 

1 

1 

1 

om  ports  in  France, 
ixteen  francs, 
rom  the  place  whew  , 
•  Algerm,  per  quintal 

..     "         ^ 

bring:jnto  France  M I 
twefvisr'  francs. 


=t 


le  semi^hattbereanl 
Sherman  of  New  Ei^ 
irfouncllandwiUbei 
d  States^  with  the  i 
ench  quintal  metri 
unds  avoirdupois,  ve 
al  of  one  hundreds 
ur  fishermen  obtain  f 

i'rench  prosecute  thi 
presented.     They  i 
,  the  report  of  thee 
herefore,  the  highesto 


■.!»£#»' 


-fn 


^:^*,^' 


0*74 


H.  DoC'  ^*^* 


No.  2. 


'  1847.      1    . 


Place  of  1W»«7- 


CoartofNewfonndlana.;! 
8t  Peter,  and  Mlquelon-, 
Grand  BwA.  (dried  fidO  • 
Snod  Bank,  (green  fi.h)J 

Iceland 

Dogger  Bank  .-•• 


1842. 


323,650 
10,450 
89,250 
51,780 
51,200 


1843. 


Prane$. 

307,860 

9,600 

66,260 

58,-410 

68,950 

360 


1844. 


Fra*e$. 

311,600 
17,500 
63,450 
49,320 
75,600 


1845. 


Frane$. 

333,600 

3,060 

82,400 

43,410 

66,-150 


1846. 


Franci. 

333,300 
2,550 

107,000 
42,360 
72,900 


1847. 


""369,8 

m 

35i 


Total \,^'^' 


505,420  1517,370 


*-ir"..''.5^2^'^^«^-'----- 


1848. 


Totalpaidintheyearli;---;-;::::-;... 

K:'.'.--'-do'-'/..1850 

Annual  mean  of  eigbt  years.  1842  to  1849. 


>4»     -', 


>•    .■, 


I*' 


•        «, 


/      .. 


"i/  aMktt- 


■  \-r.' 


f  ecMcZ*  employed  « 
t4, 1646, 1846,  a» 

S.         1846. 

1947, 

tcs.        Franei. 
500   ,  333,300 
050          2,550 
,400       107,000 
410         42,380 
;l50l      72,900 

369,S 

3,; 

Si,: 

3,610      558,110 

584, 

fn 

«^ 
531 

" 

H.  Doc.  186. 


S  *  V      I         "I  "-i  o  «  3  258  2?  ■="  ^ 

A  o       '  -  ^ 

■nojid  a»j 
-roni » iiuiiridiiQ 

•l«4<n  pueaao 


s§; 


I  r  «  «    V 


S" 


s 


»  »^  ^  g  £fo-»Cujt,- 


o< 


s 


§§isii 


s 


S3 


»-*        ra         ^ 


"  i-i  -1  rt      i-r     ef  I  ^ 


^S« 


#T5 


^ 


if 

■ti'  - 


f'  '-.i- 


■•■ 

•  *b 

.     ^1 

/:■  ■ 

«  » 

» 

'   '•■     ■^ 

•     -•'.■  ti 

-.. 

f-ii 

u'^  Jl^lfl 

'■•  *i 

'll 

Wm 

.^f^ 

w^^ 

f  fr 

*.*''*>H 

■  y-  r.# 

"'^^1 

1  '1 

1" 

j'i'^fl 

m  i'  .  ! 


i  • 


•  f  J 


is 


Kd*'?: 


•f 


;i'  "  Ifj-l'i^ 


u,>A£^.-U,.u,..  . 


o 


Ofi' 


676 


•pno*  1SJ9190 


•gjtofl 


H.  Doc.  136. 


2  fe  S  S  S  S  J*  §  ^  3  s 


■gptraq  n9W0 


1 


4) 

I 
g 

1 


r-l 


rsf  rt-^-,,"«     «     § 


H 


S 


I  ?D  QO  I-  CO  M5  S 
I  S  OT  M  00  S5  o 


»»' 


•ir»oi»  iwOTSO 


siiSisSgiSi 


,^*rH        .1        9» 


s 


iXoa 


to  ad -w  »  g  S  *' **  *  **  S 


I 


56  I  «S5i8ISII§i 


uf 


isigiisSss 


\«-.i^    ^   « 


■I"?o?  nMeai)0 


K-  Doc.  IBS. 

(N  2}  =;  «^ » t-  *•  o- 1  ^- 


elf      j   Sl2||y8.fe-5«V|^ 


J" '"''"■■    -     w     5 


9»    I  S 


iifgiSiS??"^: 


of 


-i* 

r^M- 

.^ 

^  fKi 

> 

'  r-  '.-.;■  f 

■ ' 

l.^'^l 

^'  1    ■  ^  w 

'  r  ^:w 


i"  -f 


i 


i  *'i 


67^* 


'T3 

■1 

CQ 


O 


•pja)  IUI8H90 


•sXoa 


n.   Tfoe.  186 

■I  I 

!  ^  S  f5  Sjg  S  «  ?:  e*  5J_  p. 


0 


1 

u 

(S 

o 


4) 


<5 

in 


c»  1  >ft 


1  -OTUi'J  8ure:>dflO 


.iiSSiesSIlt 


r-Tr^        r^        « 


>  ^  O^  ^  I 


)  ^  <Sp  ^  ^ 


•i«w 


pwnoD       «  cT  in  g"  «  S '''  •"'  *""  °'"  ^  |  ^ 


•eXog 


rH        CO  1-1  ' 


•gpoaq  noMO 


iiiiii^llgs^ 


8«   « 80 


r^F^-J'-<   " 


O 

{: 

1-1 

S 

1-4 


§ 


s 

»» 


s 


1 


ssiissisiss  ! 


.t 


•8 

-gnm 

•m 

V. 


H.   Doc.  136. 


^ 


•»pnBq  naajQ 


58  ?3  s  3  z:  SR  s*  w  sp -« 


.1 


I 


t»  «  ^  „"„"„- 


a  §i^^§^S3SssT^ 


■8?0Ild  JO) 


T»^ot  [U9no£) 


ipiiiiiS^g 


0>  00  i-l  Si  < 


§! 


3« 


-spiraq  a»aj{) 


I 

S 
1 


«©»        »^  CO  „-„-„-„-       CO        uj- 


I 


li 


"  "-i  0*  OS  ©  is  eo 
i-i 


§Si^^i«ii5s 


■•»ond  J9» 

■•«ni»«niwjd»Q 


li§Si§iilsS 


1^ 


e-wki 


■^  ''  v     >       < 


il-.MIn 


-f . 


ti 


III** 


-:^-,--^r 


em 


H.  Doc.  186. 

No.  4. 


s-i  .^f  ^Tfififf  rnrl  erDorted  direct  from  the  place  wherf 
paid  thereon,  in  the  years  1842  to  1850  inclusive. 


Yean. 


1842  •• ••• 

1843 

1844  ...; 

184d  •••••*• 

1848 

1847 


•  •••*>•••• 


Total 


Annual  average •  ■  j 

Average  of  preceding  penod 

1648 

•J849 .....■• 

1850 

AveraKe  of  eight  years— 
184a  tp  1849 


?  o 
•a  °- 

a 


>> 

>« 

a 

.<. 

0' 

5 

ft 

ge  quan 
f  cargo. 

s 

50 

Kilogrammes. 
6,366,U43 
7.943.37.7 
7,591,477 
9.538,033 
9.H6«,153 
9,MC6.996 


50,675,078 


8,445,846 
6,46K,024 

5,838,693 
5,275,637 
5,544,399 


7,723,550 


Francs. 
l,400.5i9-30 
1,747.542  94 
1,669.684  94 
2.0!)8,367.26 
2,171,313.61 
2,051,760  72 

11,139,098.82 

1,856,516.33 
1,808,099.94 

1,284.512.35 
1,160,640.14 
1,219,767.86 


1,693,030.35 


Kilogrinlm 

76,ti6»  j 
7J,2I3 
86,380 
79,43) 

i-m 

74, 1» 


48I,3I» 
1Q4,S3< 


57,9Ul 
51,81(1 


tf '   im^,    *>,.  •-.   vi.iA.  A     ^^^^-^^^£^ 


^'  Doc.   136. 


J^^o.^6. 


est 


mum  of  thequantitii  of  ^ri»j      .  ' 

\mehouse  in  Fra,Lff^'^  '''"'  "/  ^mch  cnuh 


il  arerage 

"fe  01  preceding  period  i 


.j^«'S'"yMrs-1843 


3.759,988 
4.3811.036 
4.382,355 
5,37-2,286 
3.  696,. ^.54 
2.977,965 

833  I  ...A    24,'^;^ 
131  I       '      I  "" — ~ 

68    4. '194,800 

' '      3,580,050 


2.456.812 
3.'fi2,766 
i.  936, 387 

3.773,547 


837,156.76 
963,607.92 
,  964.118.10 
1> '81, 902, 92 
8I3.J97.88 
655,152.30 


31,019 
30,0(ia 
25,33! 
26, 590- 
33,911 
36. 616 


87 

119 

94 


129 


22 
22 
22 


9<K),855.98 
914,431.00 

536.098.53 
695,^08. 52 
426,005.14 


829,630.00 


30, 53 J 
52,645 

28.239 
26,611 


"^     /: 


Kill  '     ipfh,^ 


29,758 


if.:t:^k^;V$n^  X 


682 


H.  Doc.  136, 

No.  6.. 


toim,vudvsite%nd  amount  of  bounty  thereon. 


Yewa. 


^8 

9 


184S«  ...•••. ....•• 

1843 ^ • 

1844 

1845 

1846 ♦ 

1847 • 


Total. 


Annual  average..  ••.•"•  •.*  V ' 

Average  of  preceding  period, 

1837, 1838, 1B39 


1848. 
1849. 
1850. 


Avemge  of  eight  years — 1818 
to  1849 '• 


44 

31 
47 
19 
83 
3 


a 
I 

O 

I 


JVonea 
16 
.  16 
16 
16 
16 
.'16 


166 

~873 

17 

31 
41 
87 

39 


Gf 


2 


Kaoeromnw*. 
766,913 
385,027 
634,873 
331,287 
761,863 
47,909 


g 

< 


2,827,871 


Franea. 
133,340.96 

61,604.32 
101,579.52 

37,005.92 

121,898.08 

7,655.44 


16 
16 
16 


J- 


471,312 

276,423 

556,504 
863,679 
661,838 


531,007 


3  0 

a 


> 
-«1 


451,994.24 


ICtiogranma, 
17,4291 

]2,m 

13,5071 
I!!,li3l 
33,13(1 
33,954l 


'  75, 330.70 

50,688.00 

89,040.72 
138. 188.72 
105,894.16 

84,902.96 


113,6071 


18,7(8 
14,31] 

17,95| 
21,» 


'* 


*1 

. 

% 

'^ 

'             J 

h 

■*' 

'                                                        ( 

m^'s^-^'^.  ^*-,ll' 

r 

, 

^■■T— !%"»•         «r*-^   -n 

^ 

^ 

^ — _ -^ 

^H-  ■                  ^ 

- 

:jforteifrom  tk 
in  the  years' IS^ 


X    " 

Jt 

s 

5  • 

a 

g.jn 

1       - 

d 

% 

> 

' 

< 

nes.     ■ 

ICdmmma. 

240.96 

\i,m 

604.32 

1%4» 

579.52 

13,507 

005.92 

12,173 

898.08 

33,  ra 

655.44 

23,954 

994.24 

118,607 

18,7S 

14,51] 

17,91 
21,0 

.  18,* 


H.  Doc.  136. 


^  (O  .4  ^r  C4  o 


1-100    * 

r- 

•> 

•or-    • 

er> 

Sa  : 

12 

2 

•n-«    '• 

ui 

m 

SS  : 

o 

>o 

^^  1        1 

o>io^ 

A           M 

«r-S 

00 

« 

^ 

Pxus 

^•♦^ 

CO 

'^■^! 


I  in 
I  m 

o 


m 


00 

au 


to 


CD 

n" 


g; 


to 


ISO 

-eij 


em 

Is 


S  : 

* 
•» 

•    « 

i: 

§ 

1-4  t 

00 

ffi.. 

o, 


:  1  "- 


I-   •■:. 
8>    - 


H.  Doc.  'ase. 

No.  9. 


e85 


J»  account  ofihe  dmount  or  hn 


«« 

sr 

I  gS' • ' 

wfe 


Cod  fishery.     I  Whale  fi.hery. 


3.S95,885.I8 
3.928,518.16 
4.079, 2fi0. 84 
4, 765, 646,96 
4.48j,53l.36i 
3,760, 6if8. 58 
^.4A446,01 
3.644,a57.33 


Francs. 

356,845.54 

461,455  25 
527,938, 6!» 
224,  602  76 
296,611.06 
277,845.40 

69,948.40 
i90, 821.58 


Toial. 


31.381,314.42  p^;^^^, 


Annual  aveWe  during  the  above  ^,„)..  /  ' 

T  *       ^""«'"y"".  4,826,172^8  fmnca. 


Frant$. 
3,652,130.78 
4,383,9/3  41 
4.607,199.53 
4. 9.90, 249. 79 
4,778,142.49 
|»038,513.98 
3.62.1,394.41 
_3|^83S,778.85 

33,809,383.04 


„         _.  1  -     ,     — ,  ■,'«-w,ii<.ooiranca. 


Rf:"::"::::::::::::;:;:;;:-::::::;::::;:::;;;::; ^si^.». 

I       Total...  


^«fl«». 


• «.63l,c 

^"^ JZfi!!^ 

*" sisogTssTS 


^*>^    lit. 


ti  *f   '  itir'  ' 


4*'       , 


( 

■; 

i  = 

■  ' 

,   » 

■  ''* 

W»'' 

A     ' 

w 

fiJ<i4-iS*, 


6- 


9*    ' 

'  m.  p 

T-'-- 

.  Wt 

1 

« 


H.  Boc.  186. 


667 


APPENDII. 

the  internal  and  domti.ic  commerce  of  2^'''"^"'^^  ^"^^  notice  of 

I*"  t  ^f  "It  of  these  work^^'connexion  w?rh '^'  ^^^'•'^  ™«^  ^  «^d 
channels  ol  irade-our  navigable  Ss^^J  !^"^  our  urmvalled  natural 
terand  direction  of  this  commSce^^  hs'"!"'"^"'  t^e  general  charac- 
presenl  and  prospective  magnitude  •'  the  fJ^f''''''''?  development,  and 
advancement  of  the  wealth  and  prosDcri.v^fT'' ''  ^'^  "^^^^^  i"  the 
km  thai  some  of  our^eading  Sfb S  tn  T"  •  ""^ '  ^"^  t^^*^  ^«- 
trade-forms  an  apprcSriate  sooue  to  K  •?"'"  ^''"'''iP' ^^d  domestic 

'IJe  great  faciirulsTbicrrrtff- rt^b;^^^^^^^    ^"  tlais  Appendix" 
of  the  country  for  a  vast  and  extended  domnfr    '"P^^raphical  features 
hn  at  an  earl^yr  period  of  its  h"lrv      rf '  ""TT^'  ^^^«  ^^'^ 
JWASHmoToi.  discovered  and  prediS  ,/       ^^'""derful  sagacity  of 
Jkve  wuhin  a  comparatively  few^vctfl^       result  which  the  people 

IW,  N  Y.,  and  from  thence,  over  the  rnS^  ""'  '^"^  P"^^^^"^  «ite  of  . 
lEne  canal,  to  the  waters  of  WoJcrec^  ^4  •  K  ?r  ^'^"P'^'^  ^^  the 
kand  from  thence  to  the  sour^s  of  L  4  T  "'to  Lake  6nta- 
bowinpxpres^ion  to  this  glowLrthotht  "^"S-r"'  ^'  ^""^  '^^ 
•^e  and  extensive  view  of  The  vaff  inffi  '  •  -^  ^  contempla- 
iiales,  I  could  not  but  be  struck  with  ?ln-  "^^^S«ti«n  of  the  Umid 
^rjace  of  it.  and  with  the^weT  o^  fh  u  T' 'f  '''^^T"  ^^  'i™' 

:^rtoimpi^^i^^^^^ 
tercrnS;!^^^^^^^^^^^  u..  the 

hnues  have  been  improved.  Sid  nrtrnp  .1  ^  f  '^^'^i'^-  ^"^  natural 
h^  the  free,  rapicf  and  e£p  m  f '^^^^^^^^^  ^^^"  construe^. 
htrym  every  direction,  and  tKrSclr  1  /''^'^"''^'^"^tional 
konof  the  country  are  broucht  int.? r^v     •  ^"^  ^^"^"'"er  in  every 

h   By  opening  Ly  acceT  otXsTh"^^  dTf""  ""^^"^^ 
[fuiees  has  been  stimulated  to  an  S     5-     ^^^^^Hment  o£our  • 
h  obtained  can  hardly  be  better  ^DrS'^r'l^"^''""'     ^^^  ^^ 
hng  paragraph  from  the  Sbrated  IS       ^"i?^  ^"^P^^"^  ^^^  ^^ 

krti.  Walker,  of  ISlT-'iS  in  whi  S"  '"'^  ^^P*'"  ^^  tie  Hon. 
l"Tha«„i       r^         io*/— 43,  m  wmch  he  saVs* 

Ikwe,  of  wMch  at  wTsO^K  ono       "^'  '"="""§  »2.8SO,000,000 


M?j 


'v-V^' 


Vt 


e88 


H.   Doc.   186. 


-%'• 

^1''': 


K'l    .. 


i'. 


the  area  and  the  greater  the  variety  of  climate,  soil  and  products,  thi 
fcore  extensive  is  the  commerce  which  must  exist  between  the  States, 
and  the  greater  the  lvalue  of  the  Union.     We  see  then,  here,  under  ilu 
system  of  free  trad4  among  the  States  of  the  Union,  an  interchanjjc 
products  of  the  anqiial  value  of  at  least  $600,000,000  among  eur  twe 
ty-one  millions  of  people,  whilst  our  total  exchangtps,  including  impor 
and  exports,  with  all  the  wor^d  beside,  containmg  a  population  ofHjg^ 
thousand  millions,  were,  last  year,  $306,194,260."  Bisio 

The  following  tables  will'  exhibit  something  of  the  pn)duction,s  m 
value  of  the  country  in  1860,  and  of  its  corhmerce  with  foreign  niitiai 
in  1861.  These  tables  have  been  compiled  from  various  authentic  m 
official  sources,  and  may  be  relied  upon  as  the  heare^t  approximati( 
to  correctness  that  can  be  had  under  the  present  system  of  procurii 
statistics. 

The  following  statements  show  the  trade  and  commprce,  populaiii 
•treasury  r^eipts,  &c.,  of  the  country,  for  several  years : 

Average  yearly  imports,  1821  to  1826,  mclusive,  specie 

omitted -  -     $74,554,3j 

Average  yearly  imports,  1821  to  1826,  inclusive,  specie 

included  ..l -  -  -,-       80,878,3 

Average  yearly  impgrts,  1848  to  1862,  inclusive,  specie 

omitted ; 176,247,1 

Average  yearly  imports,  1848  to  1862,  inclusive,  specie 

included - - 181,966,i 

Average  yearly  exports,  1821  to  1826,  inclusive,  specie 

omitted  ..../. 69,439,^ 

Average  yearly  exports,  1821  to  1826,  inclusive,  specie 

included \ -  -      77,491,^ 

Average  yearly  exports,  1848  to  1862,  inclusive,  specie 

omitted 166,760,1 

Average  yearly  exports,  1848  to  1862,  inclusive,  specie  ' 

inclirded , 176,9* 

-Tonnage  in  1821 l,298,958t^i 

'Tonnage  in  1862 4,138,4411 


Avera, 


Li 
Average 


r«». 


' 

* 

I     ''; 

■A       ■ 

. 

%. 

.1 

;        4 

!                  J  ' 

.■ia 

i 

*• 

• 

t 

4 

|H 

■     k 

.' 

. 

Si 

'  .  •' 

-■ 

t!?^^^^^^H 

,.;;,>_:, 

'■■'""^ 

',r      . 

*                    ^ 

..iw. .  ^Wnm^A 

,.i    . 

46 


I  and  products,  ihq 
between  the  Stales, 
len,  here,  under  thj 
I,  an  interchanjic  ( 
30  amonc  eur  twen 
3,  including  impon 
;  a  [Kjpulutionol'i 

:he  productions  im 
with  foreign  rwtioj 
irious  autlicRtic  an 
ire^t  approximate 
jystem  oi"  procurij 

mmprce,  populatioj 
ears: 


H.  Doc.    IBS, 

__^^^^yy^^      and  other  source.. 


em 


Year. 


jpecie 
specie 

-  ^   ■  •  • 

specie 
specie 
specie 
specie 
specie 
specie 


S74,554,;]J 
80,878,^ 

176,247,1 

181,966,i 

69,439,;| 

77,491,8 

,155,760,1 

175,94 


...  1,298,9581 
...  4,138,4411 


llSOO. 
I18IO. 


Average 


■-♦-.. 


K. 


Average 


Pf»  cent,  in 


rut. 


•"♦... 


IT 


CurtbiDg. 


«9.080,9U 
^.583,309 
^^'005,612 

^13,004,447 
17,589,761 
,^9.^88,433 
^7,878,325 
20,098,713 


Total /h,„„,,,,^^ 


^21,928,391 

|4.«24,441 
^.465,237 
29,032,508 
1M14,967 


«24,S44,H6 
28,526,820 
3l,S65,56l 

33,948,426 
21,791,935 


'-•-•.. 


«23,747,864 

31,757,070 

28,346,738 

39,668,686 

49,017,667 

J*2i339,326 


^52,025,989 

.56,693,450 

59,663,097 

47,421,748 
52,312,979 
49,728,38^ 


'«»»«Mto«  receipt,. 

'Wtoma.       ^Wp"      "^^         ~~~~— — — 
L^    •""""•  ^<'«Me  for  10  yew.. 

I>583,309  ) 


15,005,612  5 1 


.\ 


<» 


I'    I 


^l»922,3giy 

^[•--(Decrease.) 


13,499,502 
39. 


'.668,686,  1) -t-lSSf  + 


fv^) 


»   ■i^. 


1 

■I  4 

,1 1 

m 

■'V'« 


690 


H.   Doc.  136. 


\ 


§ 

o 

rH 

.s 

8 

«o 

1 

00 

«» 

« 

ttf 

& 

f. 

T-l 
©1 

if 

Pan 

o 

a* 

o  o 

to  W3 


o  w  2  2  Ss  S  5n 
o  t^  o  c»  ■«?  «2  55 

CJO  rl<  lO  »0  •<*  O  >0 

(N      • 

»H       ! 

(jf  00  l>  «J  05^  t  ^ 

OJ 

-1-  (N  <N  I>  t-  2J  2 

00  <o  i>      ^■** 

rH«0  <&        ^  rH 

r-t                       r- 

O  O  O  <N  t*  ^  O  O- 
,OC0Wt*O«OH 
S  «0  W0S,Q0t^<NO(»^ 

'■o^oroO--(N«H^ 
lO  <o  cf  l^ 


O      .  «  ^  VS  W  «  l-,  O  tH^tIJ  «  TJI  O  CB  ^_  «CD 
rH  tH  0*         a  r-{  rt  fO  Oi         iH  tH  CO  >0 


OJ  CO 


(9       00  C 


C90  lO  lA 

J  •  •    I    • 

IN  A  0)  O 


«00  ,j( 


;i3  S  s 


>  O  O  «  ^  tH  O  o 

» CO  eo  t*  o  «o  o  H 

>  w  woo  t^<N  O  00 

r  TjT  05  00  »- of  O  H 

>  (N  «0  <N  t-  ©»  t*  t* 

)  •*  Oi  U3  (N  OJ    ^ 

lo  <e  cf  i> 


JlW^OOOi-lCJOB 
HOC*         i-t  rt  CO* 


5«oo«oooo 

5  ifl)  O  -^  «5  00  0001 
D  WCOG^thCJWO 

n  lo  'it  o 


^  ^  (O  *ii  a  >uiO 

irs  «  <N  (N  t-^  t^QO  0_ 

fT  tC  cT  i>  —  f^sJo" 

t^  .-<  Ttt  OD  U3  T)t  «  0 
l>  (N  W  t^  OS^  (N  «  0^ 

n^ d^ n  ^ (f)t^^o 

rH  OJ  «5  WHHWl 


QO«Ot*Wt»WfflO| 
O(0iCC4C0O>0  0l 
00  »0  C  "N '^'^*^ 

>o  »  CO  i>  w  MS^' 

CO  O  O  t>  0*  0)  hi 
t^«S  O  00  '^  «S.HI 

«5  00  <0  OOOOOU 
OS  O  Tf<  «  O  05  « I 


'1  0- 


n  .£f.2  0 


9)^1 


\f8Bt 


H.  Doc.  ISe. 


On  the  ist  of  June,  1860,  the  popuktioti  of  the  United  States  was 
23,263,000,  and  the  rate  of  increase  during  the  preceding  ten  years, 
wiA  ai  average  immigration  of  160,000  per  annum,  was  shown  to  be 
Xut Three  and  one-fifth  per  cent,  annudfy.  At  this  rate  of  progresj 
Se  inhabitants  had  increased  to  26,237,000  on  the  Istof  January  1853. 
But  durinSe  intervening  time  there  had  arrived  from  Europe  990,000 
SliWantl  which  was  614,000  above  the  average  for  the  same  lengt 
S^Sne  durbg  the  previous  decennial  term.  This  excess  being  added 
to  the  naturaf  incre^e,  and  to  the  number  of  immigrants  who  had  ar- 
rived  upon  the  average  before  mentioned,  the  result  shows  that  the 
noDulation  of  the  Umted  States  on  the  1st  of  January,  1863,  was 
26:841,000,  representing  an  increase  of  2,678,000,  somewhat  over 
eleven  per  cent.,  during  t^e  thirty-one  months  preceding.  This  increa* 
of  population  is  probably  greater  than  the  raUo  whicli  ought  to>  as- 
sumed in  estimating  the-advance  of  the  country  m  respect  to  its  prop, 
ertv,  productions,  and  material  resources  m  general.  Ten  per  cent 
may  be  adopted  as  a  truer  ratio,  and  upon  this  basis  of  computation 
and  comparison  the  foUowing  tables  have  been  prepared.  I 


the  United  States  was   ■  ^^'^'i^^ionofrealand'n^  ^        '  6fi» 

le  preceding  ten  years,  ■    /ortAe  years  eB//;«„"r"**^  ^^^  o/Me  inA^L:. 

mum,  vrss  Shown  to  \^  M     'the  atelg^'^^f^^^  h  ^^Sp,  ij^^*«^«5»  «/Me  Unit^  Stat^ 
it  this  rate  of  progress,  ■  ^  ^^"'  ^  ^^'i  ^rthabitant     ^^  ^^'  ^852,  to^efA^^? 

be  1st  of  January,  1853,  ■  ~^ — 

;d  from  Europe  990,000  ■     *"•*«  "d  Territoriea    (True 

rage  for  the  same  length  ■  W  ^ai*'ue'ft^*^~''N«'''-e««mated/p„    ,  •       I       ^ 

his  excess  being  added  ■  ^-      ^"^ue  ia  1S2    rS'i""«M  A^«n«e  real 

RQimgrants  who  had  ar- ■  •  I  -I  JanuarTi      """PerBOft. 

3  result  shows  that  the  ■- !___  1853.       '     J  eS*^ 

of  January,  16^3,  was  H k|^_  I  y^« — 1___ |  (  dividual."*^ 

'8,000,  somewhat  over  ■Kwaipahfre I    ♦122,7^'^7I  I 

•eceding.     This  increase  ■  i«™<»>t .".'*.' .■."""       ^S65!i,'83&        ,^'^^.328|      ^9  „ 

iowhic1.oughtto>a.|£r^-.----..^  ^:»         I^Sa^i^       If-'il  « 

lis  basisof  computati^lSj;;^;--; W^W  ''li^M'^W  ^        m 

I  prepared.  ■w.iwe :: f     ?2a,496  ii5        ^'^•'^l^  ^^^^i-^^—  m 

,fl«MSia 288,257  694  ^f^-'^SO.SlQ  asJ'!^  300 

'"■«..,        22,868  270  ^'9«8,285       1  m?r'^2  487 

-'       228,95,  ,X         ^?'«24,765  sS'Sf  26» 

ea. /       233,^  7^^  ^1^-243  m'S^  293 

5740473  ^'^'^V       574  g?  »4  , 

201,246,686  201  ^'^27  232(590  245 

301, 628, 4M  S'^?'354       l,m  9i|  188  ' 

^''26^180  ^•f^>301       1  OBo'sfil  '98 

59,787  2S      ^'B'B    <m'm  ^ 

202, 660  aw  oS^'^^'980         44?'^  259 

137^247;7W  ?Jn'Sl'«»  945' n,  «0» 

42,066,5^  26,086,101  21^'^  I  199 

feiTitonr >-*^,7bl  57.372  '  '^ 

«T«nitoiy...  986,083  1  Ai*^"  6,744 

f  the  preparation  of  the  for      • 
:Tu  >^«  be^n  stiS^^S^^^ment,  the  ta 

^^  «»re  ranid%«?°"f^'  °^  course,  S  SL^  u  ^''  ^*^«  ^eea 
and  Der^Si?^  "^«n  oiSers.    Thpr«'  f„T^_  S^tes  have  advanced 


i---7!\ 


*  personal  nmnAr*«.~'"*°*     ^"ere  is 


.;  Hi  WW 


^Vl! 


'.'i 


't* 


h\ 


V 


:.-^^ 


694    ]ik  ^*  '^***  ^^^•» 

«rty  ahk  wealth  among  the  urban  and  rural  population.    It  appearf 

from  the  census  that — 

140  cities  and  tbwns.  6f  more  than  10,000  inhabitants  each,    ^  ^^^  ^^^ 

To™  j;.4  rrgeTo?lr200-  inhabi;;;tV(e;toted):  l !     I'.Uoiooo, 
Total  population  of  cities,  towns,  and  villages  in  the  United    ^^^^^^^^^ 

States.. ----- ■".!'.'.'."....   19',263',000 

Total  rural  population ^ __|__J__ 

•  -^3,263,000 

The  four  cities  of  New  Yor).,  Philadelphia,  Baltimore, 

.  and  Boston,  contain  a  populaUon  of -       .^q^' J  J  J  ""^ 

Amount  of  real  and  personal  property  -•----•;■  ■  - ; ;       »7«2,000,000 1 
Average  amount  of  real  and  personal  property  to  each 

individual  in  the  above  cities  ------ • ',  ,°A 

Aggregate  amount  of  real  and  personal  property  owned  .     J 

Ty  residents  in  cities;  towns,  and  villages $2,812,000,000 

The  averagdibnount  of  personal  property  owned  by  each  inhabit 
of  citbs  and  towns  appears  to  be  $166.  If  the  average  among  tl.e 
rnrS  frerpoiSion  be  about  the  same,  it  follows  that  the  aggn. 
lat^dStribSamong  that  class  is  $2,660,000,000.  The  total  ainoM 
Sfred  and  l^rsonal  property  in  the  United  States  on  the  1st  June,  1850, j 
therefore,  maybe  thus  stated: 
Value  of  farms,  plantations,  live  stock,  farming  imple-        ^^^  ^^^^ 

ments,  materials,  &c -- Vr'A,'""'"i       '      '     ' 

Personal  estate,  other  than  above,  owned  by  the  rural     ^^^^^^^^^^ 

.    RS^and%''ersonVl*p^^^  in  cities,  towns,     ^^^^^^^^^^ 

ui^'stE'smd 'state' stocks  owne'd  in  the  United 

Stales,  representing  public  property  and  not  taxed        1OO.000.0 

Total  value  of  real  and  personal  property  of  the  Uni-     ^  ^^^  ^^^ 

ted  States  in  1860^ ........--.- • '  -  ■        'onJioga 

Add  10  per  cent,  for  increase  oi  prices  since  June,  1860        907,  *,J 
Add  Id  ^r  cent,  for  increase  in  the  amount  of  property ^907,136,« 

Total  value  of  real  and  personal  property,  January  1,   ^^  g^g  ^jj^ 

1853. ■ "j 

The  subjoined  table  is  designed  to  exhibit  a  general  ym4 
^culture'of  the  United  States.    The  -ggjCXSiesIr 
-    crops  art  firaltM«fteated,  and^ncxt  the  sey^^^ '  ^^?^  ^ "Jt-^^i^ 
institute  the  fixed  capital  «£  the  T«"»tural  interes^^  J^b^' 
thought  proper  to  assign  one^urth  of  the  v^ue  ot  l.v^  stoc^J 
column  k  «mual  production,  as  that  is  probably  the  rate  oty^^ 
create.    The  remLder,  togetiier  with  the  v»lue  offerms  and  to 
implements  and  machinery,  should  obviously  be  reckoned  asq 


.it  a  general  view  of  j 
jate  quantity  and  va"* 
Uemg  which  are  sup, 
iral  interest.    It  nasi 
alueof  live  stock  to 


H.  Doc.  136.        '       '  ^ 

fa  ascertaining  the  avera^- «.•       ^  *  ^^^ 

£un-ent  for  jlnuaryy/lfl  ^'""^  f  ^'°P«'  '^^ose  of  the  N.«r  V   r  t, 
fi«n  of  fifteen  per  cenfK'u''^''^  ^^^n  taken  an^f  J^^      .°^^^rice 
«tion  and  commercial  tf?^  '''^"  '"^de,  to  cover  etn    ^^**"S«o«  there- 
aiep^rturefromthfsrnf^fu'-     ^^'^^^-e  spedaldr?  "'^'^  *'«"«?««- 
«he  tehle.  ™  '^''  '^'^«'  they  are  noticelin  theT""",' ^^"^^*  ^^V^re 

in  tue  remarks  appended  to 
ToAfc  ,A«p,„^  the  amount  and  value  nf.j 


*j 


Vbett. 

?r« 

J  indiiBooni. ... 

■Orti 1.'; 

BiM J 


J  Tohicco 

I'Cotton 

I  vooi .........";; 

1 9^  and  beani 

I'lmh  potatoes .', 

I *eet  potatoes..' 
|B«lejr ; 

JBoekirheat 

JOmhard  produce..".". 

iTWae V;,-- 

Ijttoeof  producfl  ;;•.::::::•«»".«»• 


bushels 

do. 

do. ..I 

do. ..I 

pounds. 

—  -•-..do. 

■•> do... 

•* do 

•  -- -.'bushels. 

• do... 

■-•'•  —  do... 

do... 

do.. 


Quantity 


^43, 000, 000 
1^.607,000 
652,000,000 
161.000,000 
236,843,000 
,  £83,000,000 
1,290,000,000 
68.067,000 
10,141,000 
97,500,000' 
42.085,000 
5,683,000 
9,900,000 


Price. 


•1  00  per  bushel.. 

S;;:i-;:: 

^  --..do.. 
3  40  per  pound! 
6  ...do.... 
10  —do..., 

s«— -do..:: 

&  per  bushel.. 

S;;;.t , 

?V do... 

50-:. .do.. 


p«.auc;-of •i.;i;iS3rnl: .,  ""'"•«^'^"r"^^p;;--^---- 


iBatter:...  -  

ICIieeie. ...:::: pounds. 

|£m^"o"ti;r"gra.;-^;;i,i-;" 

popi.. do.. 

■flnnp : pounds 

lu.  __ ■ • tons., 

bpfe^: pounds. 

toe  sugar.. ^''••- 

'"IWlCi  "•••---•uO.. 

•uMdioi'ey:::; fc 

Jdidaughte^    •••••^^"J* 

f:^ ::""" 

■•udeggs  I 

'of  farms.  > 


344,592,000 
116,083,000 
15,228,000 
.974,380 
8,487,500 
4,231,000 
39,000 
15,420,<J00 
39,675,000 
2r2,339,000 
13,970,000 
16,500,000 


Total  Taln«, 


•143, 000, 00) 
13.880,230 

^l,200.0fl0 

70,840,000 

'•8,0^,688 

.,16.980,000 

•129,000,000 

29,033,800 
8.118.800 

73,125,000 

33,668,000 
.  3,408,800 

.^.950,000 

19,000,000 
■  „  500,000 
50,000,000 
68,918,400 

6.964',;280 


iJH 


i 


20  per  pound.. 

(.ofijl^P^'' pound.. 
|l  Jb  00  per  ton 


6  pei-  pound. 

5 do. 

4  --..do.."" 
25  per  gallon:: 
'0  per  pound:. 

.;: ■ 

' - 


■  .4'. 


II,033.75« 

719,270 

5,304,000 

988,800 

10,89&,000 
3,448,500 
3,750,000 
133^000,000' 
^20,000,000 
:*-    2,000,000 
2S,000,0CK) 
110,000,000 
167,760,000 


'^'^'^'^^n^plorfHiin^rmiZZ 


13,914,864,000 

503,250,000 

■:•*■■      181,880.000 


•^  price  atat^niay  be  ton  M»i.      .  .  " 

-"J  be  too  high,  «,d  the  qu«.tity  undented. 


4,599,364,000 


•r! 


606 


mm 

m 

-:'i 

4 ; 

■'•  ^' 

•1 

i" 

j 

f  I 


m 


BiR>|j|ilK8  UPON  THB>GHtiorLTtrSAX.°  TABUbV 


1.  The  crop  year  of  l§49,*to  >^htch  the  returns  of  the  Beventh  oensv 
apply,  was  reported  nearly  all  over  the  country  as  a  season  of  **  short! 
crop."|^  J^vestiffatioQS  undertaken  by  State  legislatures  and  agricultu  ' 
societies  pi:o)(e.  th«it  Uie  aggregate  production  of  wheat  reported  in  ._, 
census  taoles  was  below  the.  average  by  aj^jeast  30,000,000  of  bushekj 
That  amount,  has  been  added  to  form  a  oksis  of  comparison  for  asce^ 
taining  the  crop  of  the  past  year,  as  given  in  the  foregoing  table, 

5.  The  quantity  of  tobacco  assumed  as  the  production  of  1853,  eiJ 
hibits  an  increaj>e  of  more  than  forty  per.cent.  on  that  of  1849.    Hht 
result  is  ascertained  &om  commercial  statements,  and  circulars,  the  i 
curacy  of  which  there  is.»o  reason  to  question. 

-8.  The  cotton  crop  of  1862  i^  estimated  at  3,226,000  bales  of  ^ 
avera^  weight  of  400  pounds,  and  t^»e  average  price  for  the  year  ij 
assun^l  at  ten  cents  per  pound.    The  quantity  will  probabhr  exce 
that  ^ven  in  the  table.    Aole  statistical  writers  have  made  cafculatioi 
showing  the  probability  of  such  an  increase  in  the  production  of  tiiJ 
g^at  staple  as  will  bring  up  the  crop  of  1860  t»  1,720,000,000  poun^ 

4.  The  census  returns  of  1860  showed  a  small  decrease  of  the  p5tatii 
crop  as  compared  with  1840.    This  was  owing  to  ^the  disease  ca 
the  potato  rot.    That  disease  is  said  to  be  disappearing,  and  it  is  < 
sidered  safe  to  assume' the  production  of  the  past  year  as  about  equal  J 
what  it  would  have  be^n,  had  no  such  cause  of  retrogression  occu 
during  the  course  of  tKe  late  decennial  term. 

6.  The  census  tables  undoubtedly  present  an  estimate  of  the 
crop  very  far  below  the  truth.    In  the  State  of  Ohio,  the  ^intage  i 
1849  yielded  more  than  the  whole  quantity  assigned  to  £he  Umted  Stat 
Since  that  year,  numerous  vineyards  along  the  (Sbio,  in  Missouri,  and  els 
where — some  of  them  of  large  extent— 3iave  been  brought  into  a  ca 
dition  to  add  largely  to  the  production  of  the  country  m  this  artid 
California  and  New  Mexico,  also,  reported  as  producing  more  thanj 
quarter  of  all  the  vane  of  the  United  States,  must  become  fertile  i 
'Oistricts. 

6.  The  value  of  theproduce  of  market  gardens  is  much  anderstatedil 
the  c^sus  returns.  Tne  class  of  produce  coming  under  this  dea_ 
lion  includes  the  whole  of  some  nighly  important  crops,  as  beets,  t 
nips,  carrots,  onions,  parsnips,  melons,  tcMnatoes,  besides  numei 
mmor  productions  which  are  separately  of  small  account,  but  coll 
ively  amount  to  a  very  large  sum.  The  estimate  in  the  table  is  a  r 
erate  one. 

7.  The  price  of  hay  in  New  York  at  the  end  of  the  year  1862, ' 
between  twenty-five  and  thirty  dollars  per  ton.  But  the  Quantity  j 
thb  bulky  article  entering  into  the  trade  of  the  country  is  relativel;! 
small,  and  the  expense  of  its  transportation  to  a  marKet  is  so  conl 
erable  in  comparison  with^it&^ori^inal  value,  that  the  artoHttyauc 
$12  60,  or  less  than  half  the  selling  price  in  New  York,  has  beeoi 
sumed  as  the  average  in  the  country  at  large. 

8.  The  item  of  the  value  of  hides  and  peltries  is  a  very  imj 
one,  amounting  doubtless  to  many  millions  of  dollars;  but  it  is  | 
sumed  to  be  included  in  the  value  of  animals  slaughtered. 


.■\^i, 


H.  Doc  I3«.  „„ 

pTbee«in»to,fo,       ,  69", 

Mm  the  ft^  k^?  "'^  f  "ransfer  to  mSi!^     ^  «»*=eptiblo,  in, 
^  tte  .»i,or  CrufSer„t'/''  '^'-'fi^X^ei?:?^  ^ 


X/- 


*  « 


ill  '^'  '    i 


M  f  j 


n 


.<•!: 


t**H 


*   *• 


698 


fi.  Doc.  136. 


The  foUomng  ttatenurUs  thow  the  nvmbet  of  num^actwring  esteMish 
in  the  United  States,  the  amount  of  raw  materiaU  used,  the  capitali 
vetted,  and  the  total  value  of  products,  according  to  the  census  of  1850,1 


Nuneof.StatM. 


Yalasofnw 
materittl. 


i  Ci^iUd  inveited. 


Maine 

New  Hampshire.....^.. 

Yenaont .1. 

llMSMhOMttB — 

Do fisheries.. 

Connecticut 

Do fisheries 

New  York..., 

New  Jersey........ 

Do fishenries. 

Pennsylvania. 

Delaware... 

Maryland 

Virginia 4,iU. 

North  Carolina 
South  Carolina. 

'.Georgia 

\<ilabBma 

'Mississippi... 

♦■Florida 

"Louisiana 

•Texas..  „ 

'Arkansas 

*Mitaouri 

"Kentucky 

'Tennessee. 

•Ohio.. 

•Indiana 

•Illinois. 

•Michigan. 

•Iowa 

•California '.. 

*  Minnesota  and   other 

territories 

•City  of  New  York 


413,555,806 

12,745,466 

4,172,552 

85,856,771 


23,589,397 


134,655,674 
21,992,186 


87,206,377 
2,864,607 

17,386,734 

18,103,433 
4,805,463 

'  2,809,534 


220,611 

2,4*5,073 

399,734 

286,899 

12,408,457 

12,458,786 

4,757,257 


114,700,452 
18,242,114 

5,001,377 
83,357,642 

5,682,650 
23,589,397 

1,986,300 

99,904,405 

22,184,730 

109,678 

04,473,810 

2,978,945 
14,753,143 
18,108,793 

7,252,245 

6,060,565 


9,347,920 
8,986,142 
6,221,348 
2,093,844 


47,664,594 


547,060 

5,304,924 

613,238 

338,154 

9,194,999 

14,236,964 

7,044,144 


7,917,818 
6,128.282 
6,443,316 
1,256,410 


29,407.754 


Value  of  II 
product 


|24,« 
23,161 

8,571 
151,11 


9,111 
U 

i,« 

23,1 
9,« 


NoTK. — The  chief  production  of  California  is  gold. 

The  amounts  set  opposite  those  States  marked  with  a  star  a 
official,  and  the  revision  of  the  table  now  going  on  in  the  Census  | 
may  slightly  vary  them ;  but  the  increase  or  dimunition  will  notl 
considerable  as  to  affect,  in  a  material  manner,  the  deductions  r 
it  is  our  purpose  to  draw  from  the  statement.    The  aggregatej 
above  table  added  to  the  total  productions  of  agriculture  for  iH 
year,  and  the  value  of  horfie  manufactures,  given  in  another  | 
the  census  statistics,  will  give  us  a  condensed  view  of  the  total 
value  of  the  productions  ofindustry,  including  st&mtsse^&ti 
1852.    The  statement  is  as  follows : 

Productions  of  agriculture $1,769^ 

Productions  of  general  industry,  1860 1,030,1 

Increase  of  productions  of  general  industry  in  1862. .    '    103,l| 


m^adwing  esttMishtt 
riaU  u*ed,  the  capitdi 
r  to  the  cetuut  of  1860.f 


>niia  is  gold. 

Eirked  with  a  star  i 
g  on  in  the  Census  J 


^'  Doc  136. 


69» 

«27,606,000 
2,760,000 


'  ™«»ufacture8,  I860*, 

•"5  of  home  manufuctures,'i862 

fee  itpracticable  ,„  bWng  wiihi '  's ' ' " '  =^'SlSi|g 

«.«!  .nqurjr,  like  ,h„  o«f  7^'™ ''•»  =oope  of  a  generJ^^^^Tf 
■  leading  to  valuable  result,  i,        ^°""'''  e^vartelvof  ^ 

exhibiting  the  value  of  A         ■       ' 


reon  endiiij>— 


«30. 


21 
.1622 

-lesa, 
-ia24. 

.1825. 
-1826. 
.1827. 


—  .1829 

—  .1830. 

—  .1831. 

—  1832. 

—  .1833. 
...1834. 
-.1835. 

—  1836., 
-.1837.. 
...1838:. 
-.1839.. 
-.1840.. 
-.1841  .. 

■  1842 


^ue  of  domeatia  | 
produce,     &<. 
exported.         "' 

♦43,671,894 
49,874,079 
^J',  155, 408 
60,649,500 
66,809.766 
52, 449,  Kip 
57.878,117 
49,976,632  ' 
55,087,307 
58,524,878 
59,818,583 
61.786,529 
69,950,856 
80,623,662 
100,4.59,481 
106,570,942 
94,880,895 
95,560,880 
101,625,533 
111,660,661 
103,636,236 


[•'■"•30 \^ I  77,686,354 


rail  interests, &{t 


.1844 

—  1845... 

—  .1846.... 

—  1847.... 
— J848... 


■1849 
.I860. 
-1861. 
•1868. 


99,531,774 
98,455,330 
101,718,042 
150,574,84^ 
130,803,709 
131.710,081 
134,900,233 
178,680,138 
154,930,947 


Population. 


9, 960, 974 
10,283,757 
10,606,540 
10,989,323 
11,252,106 
11,574,889 
11.897,672 
18.280,455 
12,543,838 
18,866,080 
13,886,.%4 
13,706,707 
14,127,050 
14.547,393 
14.967,736 
16,388,079 
15.808,422 
16,228,765 
16,649,108 
17,069,453 
17,612,507 
18,155,561 
18,698,615 
19.241,670 
19,784,725 
20.387.780 


Valued* 
capita. 


•4  38 
4  85 
4  44 
4  63 
594 


4 
4 
4 
4 

4 

4 

4 

4 


53 
i  86 
I  09 
89 
54 
46 
60 
95 
554 
6  71 
6  98 
596 
589 
6  10 
664 
588 
505 
4  1fii 
6  17 
487 

yM» 


*^P^'^^^^^^»iJiiiii4^ta^^ 


21,413,890 
21,956,945 
23,846,301 
84,850,000 
25,000,000 


7  81 

608 
600 
680 
7* 
6  19 


'»»'et,8l4,000,fiMiuiefc 


iii^siii^ 


w 

^^^iHI! 

V  •  *«i-W»? 

'-;  "li^^Ell^^^^^H 

i' 

>j.,, '  ' 

»>     -    '^^tt^^^Hi 

.f 

'  "':*'■•;  ..  1 

'1  l^"i''^i"IY^^n^H  ' 

■M 

^ 

.-,,*.-               f 

M«'i^>«''€^  .'       '  a^H 

1 

K^ 

W|    ■> 

W' 

,*  .       . 

i:-- 

•     . 

1^ 

^ 

if 

41 

•   \"     '*•• 

*, 

•» 

1^ 


«.   Doc.   1811.  ^ 

Per  c«i*.  i$ierea$e  of  d»me$tie  export$. 


Yean.    • 


1821. 

to 
1830. 

to 

1840. 

to 
1860. 


Amoant. 


$43,671,894 
68,624,878 


{,896,634  ^ 
),946,912  ) 


113,896,634 
136, 


Per  cent,  inoreaie. 


34+ 
94 

.  20  l-5ti 


Exports  of  domestic  produce  for  several  years,  with  amount  to  each  in 


Yew, 

Amonnt. 

Population. 

Amount  to  eieki 
vidoiL 

1830 

$68,624,878 
113,896,634 
136,946,912 

12,866,620 
17,069,463 
23,119,604 

$4  64  10-1 

1840: 

6  67  2->| 

I860 

6  92  1-»| 

The  following  table  has  never  been  pubhshed ;  it  shows  that  thl 
ports  have  doubled,  per  capita,  with  *an  increase  of  the  populatia 
about  two  hundred  and  forty  per  cent: 


m 

188 

m 

1831 

isaj 

183S 

183a 

1834 
1836 
1836 
1837 
1838 
1839 
1840' 
1841 
.^.     1848 
»»J«ie30,1843 
TJ«iie30.,.1844 
1845 
1846 
1847 
1848 
1849 
1860 
1861 
1868 


l^'^'fUcoiuumed 


ft'  ." 


rf^uuttiyuiitti 


iUM^k^^iUiilftdi^Hi^liHiittl 


-  .% 


'•'5«!::"' 


Per  cent,  inoreait. 


*•  Doc.  iflfr, 

f  tashibiting  the  value  of  f^  •  '  ^^ 


84+ 

94  3^tl 

.  20  1-Sti 


Ifm^ialkag— 


nberao. 


Md  on  hand. 


§ 


t^  amount  to  each  in^dh 


pulation. 


866,520 
069,463 
119,504 


Amount  to  eiekii 
viduil. 


$4  54  lO-H 
6  67  W 
5  9S1-! 


ished ;  it  shows  that  thef 
crease  of  the  popu 


•<»,585,784 
83,841,541 

80,549,007 
96,340,075 
8*.  974, 477 
79,484,068 
88,609,824 
»^,  49a,  687 
JO,  876, 980 
103,191,124 
101.029,866 
108,118,311 
1*8,681,338 
149,896,748 
189,980,035 
140,989,217 
113,  W7, 404 
168, 0«,  138 
lW,14i:519 
m.  946, 177 
100.1fl8,087 
,64,753,799 
1«B,435,035 
1  If.  854. 664 
l«l.fl9l,797 
"6,545,638 
,^HM8,988 
147,867,439 
1^8,138,318 
^419,005 
358,613,888 


te  308. 488 
'^.886,208 
2^,543,622 
as,  .'W,  157 
*'.590,643 
84,539,612 
83,403.136 
81.595,017 
16,658,478 
14,387,479 
80,033,626 
84.039,473 
19,822,735 
5  312, 811 
80,504,495 
81,746.360 
81,854,968 
18, 468;  795 
17,494,585 
18,190,318 
15,499,081 

11,781,638 
§,558,697 

11.484,867 

15,346,830 

11.346,^683 
8.011,158 

?^i[^'315 
13,088,865 
14,951,808 
81,743,893 
17.273,341 


141,283,836 
60,^339 
50,035,645 
55,211,850 
«3.  749,  438 
60,434,865 
66,080,938 
66,914,807. 
57,834,049 
56,489,44i 
83,157,598 
76,989,793 
88,895,5^ 
103,.2ft8,52l 
189,391,247 
168,833,675 
119,134,255 
101,264,609 
144,597,697 
88,951,207 
118,447,096 
88,440,549 
68,801,102. 
96,950,168 
101,907,734 
110,345,174 
138,534,480 
133,8(«,6l3 
134,768,674 
163,186,610 
801,675,718 
195,339,941 


-| 

9,960,974 
10,883,757 
10,606,540 
10,989,323 
11.852,106 
11.-574,889 
11,897,672 
18,820,455 
18,543,238 
18,866,080 
13,286,364 
13r706,707 
14,127,060 
14,547,393 
14,967,736/1 
^,&79 


15,388,„.„ 

15,808,422 

16,228,765 

16,649.108 

17,069,453 

17,61i,607 

18, 155;  561 

18,698,615 

19.241,670 

19,784,725 

80,327,780 

80,870,835 

81,413,890 

81,966,945 

23,846,301 

84,250,000 

84,  aw,  000 


\^'^''''»»«>»^inthe  United  State,  for  ^     i         ^ 

L  toeachi^Z^^'^'^^y^r.^y^thanumnt 


Tiv. 


Amoont. 


Population.  Amount  to  eMk 

I      indJTidnal.     * 


<    \1 

^675,099 
107,141,519 
164,034,033 


12,866,520 
17,069,453 
23,119,504 


$3  85i+ 

6  271+ 

7  09J+ 


.' «''. 


702 


H.   Doe.  186^ 


V    1:1 


.      ."1^^^ 


:i»- 


^« 


'*^PI 


The  preceding  returna,  and  ihose  which  immediately  follow,  arej 
sented  to  illustrate  the  chief  object  of  the  report,  which  is  to  show! 
value  of  the  productions,  and  the  rapid  increase  of  the  inland  " 
changes  between  different  parts  of  the  thirty-one  States,  and  the  i 
tance  of  this  inland  trade. 

*  It  is  a  natural  characterLstic  of  the  North  American  peonle,  influe 
by  that  stern  spirit  of  co-operation  which  has  so  signally  contrib 
to  their  present  high  position,  to  examine  with  interest  the  resulij 
their  labor  as  exhibited  in  the  advancement  of  its  material  or  a 
lectual  strength.  With  the  progress  of  the  former,  whether  of  c 
merce,  manufacture,  :^r  agriculture,  {here  will  be  a  corresc 
increase  of  a  taste  for  literature,  art,  and  tte  Sciences. 

It  is  gratifying  to  observe  that  no  one  interest  outstrips  any  oth 
teregt,  and  that  if  one  section  of  the  Union  is  prosperous,  therein^ 
responding  improvement  in  another  section ;  and,  in  contemplatiw 
happy  ptate  ot  the  confederacy,  we  are  proud  to  believe  that  "a 
has  never  been  imagined  any  mode  of  distributing  the  produce  of  g' 
try,  so  well  adapted  to  all  the  wants  of  man,  on  the  whole,  as  tk 
letting  the  share  of  each  individual  depend  in  the  main  on  thatl 
'  vidual's  own  energies  and  exertions." 

The  principle  of  private  property  has  never  yet  h&d  a  fairt 
any  country  but  this,  and  in  no  country  where  such  conclusive)! 
are  furnished  that  the  piinciple  should  be  universally  applied. 

Doubtless,  the  successful  application  of  so  just  a  principle  is c 
owing  to  two  causes — the  perfect  equality  and  protection  oflal«r,^Biia... 
that  prohibitory  clause  in  the  constitution  preventing  any  Statef 
levying  taxes  on  the  produce  of  another  State ;  and  although  it  ha 
egatea  to  Congress  the  regulation  of  the  "commerce  with  fore^ 
tions  and  among  the  several  States,"  the  federal  legislature  hasi 
left  the  latter  totally  unfettered  and  free. 

Since  the  publication  of  Mr.  Walker's  celebrated  report  in  18 
in  which  he  estimated  the  internal  trade  of  the  country  at  three  i 
sand  millions,  already  mentioned,  various  causes,  obvious  to  all 
conspired  to  greatly  extend  its  area  by  increased  facilities,  and  i 
its  value. 

The  railroads  have  increased  from  five  thousand  five  hundred  i 
costing  about  one  hundred  and  sixty-six  millions,  to  thirteen 
three  hundred  miles,  costing  four  hundred  millions. 

The  imports  and  exports  have  increaised  from  three  hundredl^^ 
four  hundred  millions ;  the  tonnage,  inward  and  outward,  from  6,fll^Brk . 
to  10,591,046  tons ;  the  tonnage  owned,  firom  2,839,000  to  4^ 
tons.   The  receipts  into  the  treasury,  exclusive  of  loans,  haTeino 
from  twenty-six  to  over  forty-nine  millions ;  and  the  Califoma| 
the  whole  of  which  does  not  appear  in  the  published  returns—)' 
mercial  phenomena  of  a  commercial  age — -nave  also  added  a 
miHiCT»  to^e^  natbnal^^ioromercer  and,  more  than  any  eva 
last  forty  years,  have  invigorated  the  navigating  interest  of  tW 
try,  and  to  a  great  degree  had  a  powerful  iimqence  over  tk^^»,^. 
mercial  marine  of  the  world;  the  whole  contributing  to  " 
internal  trade,  and  enabling  the  United  States  to  own 
two-fifths  of  tiie  tonnage  of  the  world. 


!%»-»■« 


•  r.'W- 


H.  Doc.   186» 


aediately  foUow,  are! 
ort,  which  is  to  show! 
lase  of  the  inland  i/ 
ne  States,  and  the  i 

erican  peoole,  influe 
s  so  signally  contrib 
th  interest  the  resu 
of  its  material  or 
brmer,  whether  ofe 
¥iU  be  a  corresn 
iciences. 

ist  outstrips  any  otb 
prosperous,  there  i«tJ 
ind,  in  contemplati 
id  to  believe  that  "l 
ing  the  produce  of  i 
,  on  the  whole,  as  i 
n  the  uiain  on  tbatil 

rer  yet  had  a  fairt 
'e  such  conclusive) 
irer sally  applied, 
just  a  principle  is  c 
d  protection  of  laborj 
reventing  any  State' 
;  and  although  it  1 
immerce  with  fa 
ral  legislature  hasi 

[>rated  report  in  18 
le  country  at  three! 
Luses,  obvious  to  all,l| 
>d  fiicilities,  aodi 

usand  five  hundiedi 
ons,  to  thirteen 
Uions. 

nm  three  hundred  I 
d  outward,  from  6,71 
1  2,839,000  to 
e  of  loans,  bare  in 
and  the  Californiil 
blished  return 
ve  also  added  a 
re  thaa-any  eya 
iting  interest  of  thej 
il  influence  over  i 
iontributing  to 
itates  to  own 


I  mland  trade  nioves  in  a.  n'mi- .  «  i 

rtthe  North,  which  fj^  ^^  i^^  f^  "f  ihe  import,  are 

m,  were  as  follows :  ''  ^°'  ^®  years  1826,  1840, 


r  •,»  V  i 


wm 


^*v:r 


704 


M,  Doc.  186. 

Tonnage  inward  and  outward. 


States. 


Maine 

New  Hampshire  ..i 
Manaachmetts  ■ .  -  • 
Bhode  Island .....  ^ 

■Connecticut 

New  York 

PenngylTania 

Maryland 

Virginia 

North  Carolina 

8outh  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

Alabama 

Louiaiana 


1825. 


Inward. 


696,097 


Outward. 


1840. 


Inward. 


684,398 


1,599,859 


267,388 

\ 


I 


355,492 


Outward. 


1851. 


Inward. 


1,396,194 


602,305 


865,859 


3,779,526 


717,909 


h 


It  is  stated  in  another  part  of  the  report,  that  the  resolutioDO 
Senate  referred  to  the  trade  of  the  lakes,  and  as  the  trade  of  the  1/ 
sip^i  valley  would  be  justly  entitled  to  a  separate  report,  mlyj 
statements  would  be  given.  r   u     i  if 

The  intimate  connexion  between  the  trade  ot  the  lakes  i 
Mississippi  river,  and  the  construction  of  various  lines  of  raili 
canals  to  facilitate  the  transporution  from  the  river  to  the  1 
from  the  lakes  to  the  river,  the  circuit  made  by  the  chief  articles  J 
ports  and  exports,  the  importance  of  the  ba8in;^f  the  rivers  Olr 
souri,  and  Mississippi,  the  increasing  value  of  the  exports  of  the  s 
portion  of  the  cbnlederacy,  particularly  to  thfe  navigating  interestj 
"North,  render  inaiecessary,  however,  to  notice  the  chief  outletid 
national  products,  as  well  as  the  chief  inlets  for  the  produce  rfl 
countries.    Although  the  materials  are  not  at  hand  to  give  the  ao* 
detail,  it  is  hardly  necessary  to  state  that  no  regort  on  the  uiteni 
in#ce  would  be  acceptable  to  other  portidns  6f  the  confedeni 
failed  to  notice  the  commercial""  importance  of  the  Southenii 
States,  and  their  great  commercial  mterests. 

Irhe  adViantages  to  be  derived  from  the  facil^^s  nowenjoyedl 
travelling  public,  and  fbr  transportation  of  produce,  areofil 
character  Jthan  the  additions  they  make  to  the  wealth  c^tb' 
In  case  of  an  unfortunate  war,  particular^  with  a  mantune . 
-which  our  coipmerce  with  the  ocean  Ihignt  be  impeded,  the 
intercommunication  ai&rded  by  the  rivers,  canals,  lakes,  andii 
•would  still  be  enjoyed,  and  the  domestic  trade  and  commercei 

Mo  be  oflBptqaratHt^^  unmolegted.  __„ :,,     1^:^  , ^ . 

As  great  int^t  is  now  manifested  as  to  what  portiraiof! 
of  the  valley  of  the  Mississippi  shall  seek  a  softhem  market,  tW 
ing  notes,  prepared  in  part  by  Mr.  Mansfield,  of  CincumatJ 
found  very  useful  and  interesting  by  those  eii^ed  in  thatPl 
.the  western  trade.    The  line  of  separation  reierred  to  in  «k 


-   , 

fi. 

• 

I  outward. 

1840. 

1851.    1 

rd. 

Outward. 

Inward. 

0* 

859 

1,396,194 

3,779,526 

^tH 

305 

865,859 

717,909 

' 

port,  that  the  resolution^ 
,  and  as  the  treule  of  the  J 
a  separate  report,  -pnlyy 

le  trade  of  the  laiesi 
»f  various  lines  of  raili 
cm  the  river  to  the  1 
lade  by  the  chief  articlejil 
B  ba8in;><)f  the  rivers  T' 
lue  of  tlie  exports  of  the  s 
to  thte  navigating  interest  j 
I  notice  the  chief  outlets/ 
inlets  for  the  produce  ofl 
lot  at  hand  to  give  thear' 
at  no  report  on  the  inten 
ortidns  df  the  confeden 
tance  of  the  Southern  i 
;rests. 

Uie  facil\|ie8  now  enjoyeij 
on  of  produce,  are  of  W 
e  ^  the  wealfh  f^'kr 
lam  with  a  maritime  pf 
night  be  imqpeded,  the  i 
^ers,  canals,  lakes,  audi 
do  trade  and  commerwl 

'  as  to  wfiaTportiraof 
ek  a  softhern  market,  t 
dansfield,  of  Cincinnati,J 
iiose  engaged  in  that  | 
ation  reiened  to  in  **" 


if-  Doc.   J36.  ^^ 

dividing  the  northern  from  th^         l  ^"^ 

„  stationary,  but  varm«  fi  southern  trade  ;«i  h,r  « 

mg  to  the  southward.       '^^''  "^^-^he  general  tendeL^v"  probably" 

NOTKS   ox   THE    XMOU^X   ^^„   ,,^^_  "  ^ 

The  competition  between  the  soutir  °""  ''''^""^^• 

n,  or  lake  route,  to  the  oppT  f  """.'^^n,  or  river  route  anr?  .1, 

..atesas  to  excite  much  Jm'  ''""  '^^^'«me  so  strX  .n  ,7  ^''^"o^h- 

H  of  determining  in;°'"'"™r'lly.    ButC  if '  ^/f^' 

K'«  yUctx  depart  li-om   Ci '^f"'  '?  '"''=  the  UadinlZntZM 

^'omt  C««a/,  isiji. 

— ^f»-/- — 

^°''«-  I  I  Toledo 


isses. 


.  -lbs. 
■  '■  do. 
..do. 


Beceipta 

1.145,481 
134,225 


^"^ 1,279,706 


Clearance!. 

1.673,243 
4.301,418 
3,097,662 


Receipts. 


66,157 
1.711,652 
,686,847 


3,076,468 
772,248 
315,343 


9.132,323     2,464,556  FIJ^, 


ll^o^iy^e  river  than  f?om  j^lX''  ^/^'-^-.-"ch  Cg^ 
*^-.^.HWious  ports  of  thp    nl  •         ^"  investigation  of  The 
g«lua,Mian,ic„Vnty,le?y,S^    proves  that\he  count^ 
P^edo,  and.the  coUntr^somtfo^l'f/^^^^P'ncinnuti,  is  supplied 
^^ana],  about  nipeLv  mi  1  r'     ".'"  ^'.'"c^nnati.     A  poUt  on_ 


.41 


¥        • 


*»- 


;,'♦ 

HHI 

(  . 

-P 

1 

\  » ■  1 

T 

.y  if 

H 

,   i 

''|-|ii 

h 

W 

P 

-rl-l 


,1  ■■- 

^'"1 

l-l« 

y 

29,812 

187,618 
132,844 


n; 


Total 360,174 


1,912,204 

1,874,274 

669,246 


10,162 
6,066 
7,760 


4,246,724 


23,967 


CleBnual 


647^ 
2,025,71 

1,828,8 


3.  M'tuhngum 

ImprovemerU,  1861. 

rmar. 

Articles. 

Ha 

Keceipts.            CleuiK* 

:?■■■■ 

.f.^rr^^ lbs. 

840 
3,000 

m 

■=V/Onee. .  • 
Su^ar  ... 
Molasses  . 

do. 

do. 

98(i| 
1,557, 

T'^-kf  ol                           .  .  •  • 

3,840          3,17^ 

1  otai.  ..--.--■-*- 

1 

M     » 
I 


It  aDDeaxs  from  an  exatnination  of  the  statisucs  of  the  interi«r^ 

Soli^;^rernd"L  far  as  Newark,  Licking  county,  a, 
Ses  from  Portsmouth  and  160  from  Cleveland. 

ThP  Muskingum  improvement  extends  to  Dresden,  on  m 
caJal!  and  tiLeriesVe  suppUed  from  the  Obo,  at  Hannar, 
as  to  Zanesville,  Muskingum  county^^^ 

The  following  tables  show  the  aggregate  of  the  abow  are 
specLly  shipp^d^through  the  southern  and  northern  ports  of  01 

On  the  Canals. 


From  Toledo  and 
ClereliDd. 


■■i.% 


.  3^'ifc    'f* fc' ,  ,^     ,— 


^ 


'^ 


^^:' 


t- 1 


Coffee... 

Sugar. . . 
*^  Molasses 


-—-  -  -  —  pounds^ 


do. 
do. 


Total 


I 


2,646,622 
1,246,622 

9,481,436 


Fmn 
Huutl 


161 


wm 


^Tf!"^*^ 


61. 


•a 

«•  Doc.   136. 


PoFtflmonth. 

8. 

Receipts. 

Cle&noM 

)4 
74 
46 

10,162 
6,065 
7,760 

647^ 
2,025,7 

1,828,8 

24 

23,967 

4,501J 

ent,  1861.                      | 

' 

Hannar.         1 

w 

Receipts. 

Clearuet 

« 

840 

986 

). 

3,000 

1,55J 

-• 

3,840 

3,115 

statistics  of  the  interior  I 

canal,  that  the  supplies] 

k.  Licking  county,  ab 

jveland. 

ids  to  Dresden,  on  the! 

«n  the  Ohio,  at  Harmar.f 

jgate  of  the  above 
uid  northern  ports  of  Ohiij 

als. 


From  Toledo  and 
CleroiHid. 

FromO 
POlW 

ft  KflR  VfQ 

2,9 

• 

2,646,622 
1,246,622 

7. 
6, 

9,481,436 

16^ 

-.,i 

Innce  the  value  of  il,™,.  ?  "^  supplied  from  thp  nu-     ■ 
loiio.    From  co„°aSU°^^'''"'  '^"'^^  tt"  ,".7- "f^^riy 
:ha«.p?ign  coun^.'l;^,  r/W'^ough  Pi„r  M atf^^^  ^  ' 


[be  feUowing  a,^  ag^^™',  ^f™''  "early  ^,e  "ame   *«""''  '"  ™" 

—  j^  ,i 


»'. 


lour,  and  wheat  reduppH  t^  a 
hk  and  hams  . .    ,   _      ^°  ^o^^-  -barrels, . 

Jfrd do. . ..[ 

Ive  hogs do. . .  j 

Tm .V ' ". JVo. . . ' 

iskey busheJs 

barrels  . . 


■At  Cincinnati, 
Portsmouth, 
&  Harmar. 


468,462 

66,321 

21,897 

74,000 

711,125 

^79,873 


At  Cleveland 
and  Toledo. 


1,598,567 
56,567 
33,945 
4,761 

3»561,0g0 
58,777 


reference  to  the  y^„uv 

'%  of  Hoar  and  sr^n^*^"  '""■'"  -'Ohio,  .herefdS    ,», 

,  Jgh  the  nver  nortq      a     u  '  ^"""als.  provigion«  nn^^^L-  I  ""^  ^e 
K  woof  an,y  r^       /."®  immediate  Ohio  vX  ^    ^^®-    ^othine 


^ 


"1£i 


ft 


J1!J 


\    ? 


■  I 


■A 


*     )      ! 


■,  ■'^-: 


I   . 


# 


7(>8 


H.  Doc.   136. 


The  followinff  table  of  the  imports  of  lumber,  from  the  exterior  to 
the  interior  ports,  wiU  shdw  the  tendency  of  that  article  at  the  presaa 
dale  k  nuiSt  be  observed,  however,  that  the  amount  is  a  merel 
fraction Tf  the  whole,  because  the  lumber  .imported  into  southern  pb 
is  almost  exclusively  brought  from  the  Alleghany  region,  down  liej 
Ohio;  though  recently  lumber  has  found  its  way  through  1  olcdo  anil 
Cleveland.  **• , 


^ 


Cleveland feet. . . 

TaJ/edo . .' .do  . . . 

Cmcinnati dp  . .'. 

Portsmouth do  . . . 

Harmar -  .do--.  -  • 


Lombet. 


9,674,436 

8,610,951 

2,860,463 

29,850 

159,196 


Total. 


Lath. 

TfankH 

97,33^1 

1,915,200 

. .  *  ^.  .*. .  - 

vM^ 

I 

H^HI 

21,234,884 


1,916,200^ 


100,S 


T  '■   > 

^  It  seems  from  this  that  six-sevenths  of  the  lumber  imported! 
State  by  the  pubUc  works  for  the  use  of  the  interior  comes  in  byti 

I^  foUows,  then,  from  the  above  facts,  that  two-thirds  the  coffees 
six-sevenths  of  the  lumber  passing  over  the  public  works  forconsur 
tion  in  Ohio  are  imported  through  the  lake  ports;  but  that  three-foit 
the  sugar  and  molasses,  and  nearly  all  the  tobacco,  are  imported  t 
the  river  ports.  Sugar  and  molasses,  the  products  of  LouwJ 
distributed  from  Cincinnati  through  thcc.Northwest,  even  to  the  f 

of  the  lakes.  ,  ,       „  ,     «  ,       •    _l 

Of  the  produce  of  Ohio,  three-fourths  of  the  flour  and  grain  Ml 
ported  through  the  lake  ports,  but  more  than  l.hree-lourths  of  theij 
tard,  and  whiskey  through  the  ports  of  the  Ohio  river,  as  will  be 
by  reference  to  the  principal  exports  of  CincinnaU,  as  connected* 
the  above  canal  receipts.  •        i    Jl 

Should  the  question  now  arise  as  to  the  comparative  value  «■ 
exports  of  Ohio,  it  appears  from  the  foregoing  tables  that  the  expji 
flour,  and  wheat  recfuced  to  flour,  amount  to  2,067,029  barfeb 
reduced  to  grain,  W,336,146  bushels  of  wheat.    But  the  exporj 
Sandusky,  derived  from  a  very  fertile  region  of  country,  ana  I 
Milan,  have  in  some  years  amounted  to  600,000  barrels,  iBJlJ 
wheat  reduced  to  flour;  while  there  are  also  large  exports  ot  g"" 
the  Pennsylvania  and  Ohio  canal,  and  from  various  small  portso 
Ohio  river.    The  total  export  of  wheat  may  tlicreforc  be  set  aw 

lillions  of  bushels,  or  to  thifefr  Hulhon^^ 


entiivalent  to  fifteen  millions  „.  — ,  — 

of  flour.     In  the  years  1860  and  1861,  the  wheat  crop  ot ' 
equal,  in  the  aggregate,  to  66,000,000  busheld.    The  consurap 


»1.. 


iskey. 


iber,  from  the  exterior  to] 
that  article  at  the  presentj 
t  the  amount  is  a  mewl 
ported  into  southern  Ohitj 
jghany  region,  down  tliel 
way  through  Toledo  aiiill 


^'  I>0)C.  136. 


70^ 


wo  millions  of  neonl^   o* " 
lannum.    We  have  S«n       ^''^^  ^"s^iels  eafch  i^r^^ 
M  ^^    •'*"^"' as  the  result  nffK'^^r^^enitiillionsnf^r 

Exported....      •-.. *  /bo  ««« 

to  on  hand  .V."  V ' ' - -" "  '  l^lo  non '?°^  ^^^^^^s- 

7,000,(|o       « 


V'\ 


.'-.     ('' 


Total. 


36 
61 
63 
60 
96 

;84 


Lath. 

Trabff.H 

'i.gi'e.aoo 

97,32H 

...  *  /l -*-  -  - 

!■ 

.  €5,000,000 


1,916,200^ 


100,9t 


It  IS  possible  that  t h^  «.       •  ====== 

i.  hanffalf  short  of  th.^^''"'''^  consumed  mav  pv.  r^ 
nth  ai,  averagrcroD  nfl^."^  ^^"'"edrKh^""?^'  ^"^  the  stock 
q.luson  handVXt  it^^'"'  ^"^  ^«'n  in  Ohk,Th;'  "•  *""«  '^^en, 
^I»rt  of. flour  and  "hi  K  "^"""^"^^  «f  an^exoo^^'t' !  "^  'V?°'  ^  ^arg^ 
Weign  count^fes  lllloT^^r^^''  ^'^^  K  S fs'f 'i  '^^ ^^"^ 
port3  a  quantity^f  wheat  ^nJfl  ^"  ^'^^^  that  the  State  Lnl-^^^IT^^ 
«Frt  of  1850.  -^  On  an  t  V        ^""'-  ^^"al  to  double  hi     u^!''''  ^°"e 

btrgeqjy.'''';'^  "pons  five  „,„,•„„,  „f,, 

Of  animal  provision.   ,1.     r„  ""'">  and  of  oals 

irk.  nf  all  ^« :_ .  • 


.'■I. 


e  lumber  imported  intotl 
e  interior  comes  in  bytl 

it  two-thirds  the  coffee  a 
public  works  for  consiir 
(orts;  but  that  three-foul 
jacco,  are  imported  throi. 
products  of  Loubianai 
)rthwest,  even  to  the  f 

the  flour  and  grain  uieMw'nsidering  the  a^iculr „roi         " ' ^f  " '      ^^,000      «« 

■r.  and  wheat  reduced  'W 

:^: ■----*.":::' 3,0001000  bai^u 

600,000 


k  of  all  descriptions 

^■';--f> •::' 

•raojl-.-do... 
*' do 


300.000  barrels. 
100,000      « 

30,000      U 

50,000      u 


Ohio  river,  as  will  be  j 
[icinnati,  as  connected i 


ncinnati,  as 

3  comparative  value  flfj 
ng  tables  that  the  exp( 
It  to  2,067,029  bartel 
heat.  But  the  exporU. 
egion  of  country,  and  I 
600,000  barrels,  im 
so  large  exports  of  graj 
1  various  small  ports  fl 
tay  Uicreforc  be  set  doi 


so  large  exports  of 

1  V(   ■ 

to^ttece  millions  ol 
he  wheat  crop  of  Ol 
isheld.    The  consump 


'  'H 


«se... 
»r... 


•^ . . . 


■  •  .tt . . 


^'??  WO  pounds. 

■      300,000  fcarrels." 

100,000 

30,000 

■••--•        50,000       " 

—  •■10,000.000  pounds. 
^  •  •  •  8.ooo,nnQ  ^ 

1,600,000      «« 


« 
« 


<( 


300,000       .. 
300,000  barrels. 


»,.   ■• 

""^'y ;i::::*" 

J  market  value  of  fh.„^ 300,000  barrels. 

«  "P  ^e  total  to  fuU  thirty  TmZ^'^t' "°'  ^""'"-rateU 

.J    luuon*.    The  manufactures  of 


--'f-': 


^ 


f 


h 


I  i 


•M 


*|t 


i, 


'<*  i 


'      t    I E.  Bi  I  ill 


-   -fit' '  'T 


i  I 


i 

I 

'  !•'  '', 
1  ,■  if. 


N     * 


.'    \ 


i  - 


'.> 


0f 


ik 


H. 


,h 


Cincirfniiiti  fcd  other  §^vns  ext^rt^Ho  f^kn  cobles  may,  be  W] 
d^n  at  ten  "1111111006  |^  Jadditio«.|'j|p  that?lh|^agpegate  export  of  [ 
things  pi'oduced  wholly 'ij^in  tlii|^^(^te,  anO,  loU .  ^ibroad,  Wy  be  J 
sajety  estimated  at  fi^ll 'm^ 'miIliotl«pr  a^num.    Th|.(i|i.de  ofj 
however,  ^^onsists  not%lj|.of  its  oWn  ^i>dmfi,*'^^V^Mvhe 
articles  iii^rteALJind^,  of  ait^e  locaPrifeag  ^^  jpwrt 
"  "'  "  the  various  towns  ^^^ipoidft'flf  ^^^ 

imountjf* tb,  one  htfndred|«aii|  tisvd||i^  mtuioss 

^»'  may  be  attained  by'»Ci#SKreration  of  "the  I 
it^  the  most  material  articles  for  the  port  of  I 


1^ 


i/dr  1846  andl860,  with,  ike  per  cent,  of  increm^ 


Beir ,'. .  i .  .barrels. . 

'  Butter. ..........:.  .kegs.  - .  - 

Candles . ,»,.  ^.boxes.-. . 

Cheese  . .  .>. ... V-  •  ^-boxes. . . 

,  Coffee . , y.  1  .saqks  — 

Flour .l^rrels. . 

^Irqn  ....  . . .  i .tbns  . . .  l 

'  Iron. w ,  .pieces  . . 

Lard.-. .".  .kegs 

Xard  oil barrels . . 

Pork barrels . . 

Pork  in  bulk ...... .  .pounds  . 

Soap ^ boxes. . . 

Sugar .hhds 

Salt  ^ barrels. . . 

Merchandise packages. 

Merchandise tons  , . . : . 

Molasses tons  . 

Manufactures^- pieces  . . . 

Tobacco. .  -l^TOg n'^<is 

Whiskey  ^t^wnHprs.  .barrels. . . 


1845. 


■f 


31,498 

28,510 

3,157 

4'?,689 

-  13,037 

194,700 

i>238 

2^37 

248,753 

1,650 

71,633 

404,426 

2,708 


4e^ 


r^SS^. 


%- 


23,603 
2,106 
9,046 
7, 

133 


''     fi,87l^ 

63,475 

113,412 

122,006 

38,158  > 

390,131 

9,776 

162,365 

•223,245 

26,110 

224,254 

4,753,963 

21,633 

13,000 

36,759 

1,181 

{60 

10 

t03^ 

>78 

tflgeii 


'Decrease. 


This  table  demonstrates  that  the  ej^port.; 
increased  more  than  two  hundred  per  cent. 


IncniN." 


7per-cl 
90 
2,900 
140 
200 
100 
.800 
600 

1,400 

200 
1,000 

700 


GincmnaOJ 
t  five  years. 


^ ge  _^ 

pweFand^  tenden  cyiriticreaB^^ 

18  undoubted.  There  are  many  smaller  articles  not  included  in 
above.  The  total  value  of  exports  from  Cincinnati  is  therefore  estii™ 
at  above  thirty  millior^s  of  dollars,  and  tl^ggregate  value  of  its 
lo  be  sixty  millions  per  annum.  W^S 

Of  the  exports  from  [Cincinnati,  aPfarge 


I  manufactured « 


Is.  ag^eg^te  export  of 
a,  sold.?ibroad,  may  be 


Hi  Doc   lS$i 


fcwlu6h  Cincinnati  exrPoWo 


;  vf^jpercent.  of  increau. 


«r 


63,475 

1^,412   2 

122,005 

38,158 

390,131 

9,776 

162,365 

•223,245 

26,110 

224,254 

4,753,953 

21,533 

13,000 

35,759 

a,181 

360 


InCT8«K,' 


7per 

90    « 

2,90ff   " 

140   " 

200   » 

,  100   « 

.800    » 

600    " 

1,400    » 

200    " 

1,000    " 

700    " 

1,400   •' 

400   " 

180  • 

175   " 

200   '• 

90   " 

of  Cincinnati  J 
it  five  years. 


r-^'^-i-smimm 


by''colt0|^^ation  of  tkl 
al  articles  fbic  the  port  of  J 


l« 


manu; 


ifacturedi 


LIIinnficture8afi,en,Ti,: 

BbOen,   engine*,    machined    „ 

llUmfiictnrMofle«eher,vixV 

Xt^^S.'"t''»'-''«^.t™n*.re-| 

t  m^'  "^  •^PP*"  "<»  «n,  X'.  ■"•' 

te?™'SKSir^f  ■•■;■••• 

I  Roar  aod  feed  ..    

nS?«»,""  •wuiufww;;;^^*- 


\ 


f  -i 


#5,547.900  I    330per«t 


4,427,500 
2.589,,650, 

.2.356,890 

'IT 

4,6^,000 


130 

HSir 

150 
1,300 


4.191,920  I  3,000 
65 


51^ 

5,895,0tfb' 
l;846,540 
355,937 
1.690,000 

2,4S8,000 
35,739,337 


200 
100 


pe  above  classification  does  ri^77T7~  -— — ~^ 

Giy  tTT^^T^^^^^^^  --'^^cal 

nj  local.    It  inckdefe^»-^.L«'JpP*^^^^^  *^*'-' where  the  result 

■^exported.  #f^*^ '*^T^ W^ctures  of  whS^^^ 

^Cincinnati,  the. destination  of  th  H^-  ^  '^  ^ 

I         ~ , a^  <* 

New  O^eanltiia     tt     • 


p3MconT7 


:;j: 


!HBBPW»WI 


7^ 


*  • 


'  ■>,-'3».V-?=t- 


^^  •»!  "    1 


♦  1 


H;  Doc.  136. 


712 

This  table  demonstrates  thai  of  the  produce  of  Ohio — ^beef,  porU 
Mrd,  flour,  and  corn — nearly  the  whole  quantity,  as  exported  from  Cin 
cinnati,  goes  down  the  river;  a  small, portion  only  bp  the  river;  a 
but  ^  small  fractional  part  northward  by  canal  or  railway.    On  i 
other  hand,  coffee,  sugar,  ^nd  molasses — productions  of  the  South 
tend  northward.     Sugar  aril  molasses  are  carried,  through  Cincinnad 
to  the  borders  of  the  lakes;  while  coffee,  as  we  have  seen,  principa'^ 
imported  from  Bostpn,  Philadelphia,  and  Baltimore,  finds  its  way  i 
the  lakes  to  Cincinnati. 

The  result  of  the  tables  hereinbefore  adduced  is  to  prove  th 
the  trade  of  the  Ohio  valley  originates  in  and  is  controlled  by  iti 
All  the  produce, of  Ohio,  from  a  line  running  through  Piq(\ia,  New 
Dresden,  &c.,  tends  to  the  Ohio  valley.  All  the  tobacco,  hogs,  cau 
salt,  and  lumber  of  Kentucky  and  Virginia,  for  one  hundred  andf 
miles  south  of  the  Ohio,  tend  to  the  Ohio  river,  and  by  that  route  mo 
to  Cincinnati.  All  the  produce,  of  whatever  kind,  concentrated  int 
Ohio  valley,  Ibbks  for  transport  to  the  Ohio  river,  instead  of  passi 
northward  by  canal  or  railway — in  the  ratio  of  ten  to  one.  The  ai 
cles  of  sugar  and  molasses  will,  in  future,  be  supplied  to  Ohio  audi 
diana  almost  exclusively  by  way  of  the  Ohio  river.  The  consiructi 
of  railroads,  by  facilitating  distribution,  is  augmenting  that  tcndeiK 
and  thence  the  business  of  distributing  in  Cincinnati  is  greaUyoni 
increase.  For  the  same  reason,  jnuch  of  the  coffee  whicl^  has  hen 
fore  beei=i  bought  in  the  North  will  hereafter  be^imported,  at  £ 
hands,  from  Brazil  and  Cuba,  entered  at  the  portpf  Cincinnati,! 
distributed  by  the  jobbing  houses  of  that  city. 

Cincinnati,  being  the  most  prominent  city  in  the  valley  of  the  I 
deserves  a  more  specific  notice. 
f-  ■" 

CINCINNATI,   OHIO. 


This  is  the  largest  city  west  of  the  Alleghanies,  and  is  situated] 
the  northern  bank  <Sf  th«  Ohio,  in  latitude  39°  6'  30"  north,  and  lo^ 
tude  7°  24'  25"  west  from  Washington.     Its  site  is  just  opposite! 

;  moiith  of  the  Licking  river,  which  comes  into  the  Ohio  between  \ 
port  and  Covington,  Kentucky.    It  is  distant  from  New  Orleans  a 
1,460  miles;  from  Pittsburg,  455  miles;  from  Loaisville,  1320* 
and  from  the  mouth  of  the  Ohio  about  600  mile^  by  the  courf 
the  rivers;  from  Baltimore,  600  miles;  fi-0rii  Philadelobia,  600, 
from  New  York,  660  miles,  by  post-route*.     The  population  in  J 
was  750  persons;   in  1810,  2',640;   in  1820,9,602;   inl830,24,» 
in  1840,  46,338;  and  in  1860,  116,108.     This  exhibition  of  ma 
in  population  has  rarely  been  equalled  by  any  city  on  the  globej 
there  is  very  little  doubt  that  the  same,  or  a  greater  ratio  of  auj^ 
tation  will  be  preserved  during  the  present  period  of  ten  yean^»«n . 

.^qg8&  previous^  to  1660,    _' 1:  ,. -t-t 

The  numerous  railways  in  process  6f  Bonstruction,  and  aln 
operation,  which  will  be  tributary  to  her  bumness,  must  have  a  j 
beneficial  and  prosperous  effect  upon  her  growth.    The  Ohio  audi 
sissippi  road,  which  will  connect  her  with  St.  Louis,  the  next  | 
western  mart  in  point  of  size,  by  alm^t  an  air-line,  cannot  but  be' 


■•^^ : 


duce  of  Ohio— beef,  pork,] 
tity,  as  exported  from  Cb 
ion  only  lip  the  river ;  an 
canal  or  railway.    On  i 
irod  actions  of  the  South 
arried,  through  Cincinna 
we  have  seen,  principa 
Baltimore,  finds  its  way  I 

idduced  is  to  prove  th 
and  is  controlled  by  itselij 
ig  through  Pic(Ua,  Nev 
11  the  tobacco,  hogs,  caiti 
,  for  one  hundred  and  f 
ir,  and  by  that  route  mo 
jr  kind,  concentrated  in  t 
io  river,  instead  of  passiaj 
o  of  ten  to  one.    The ! 
>e  supplied  to  Ohio  and  1 
lio  river.     The  construcli 
augmenting  that  tcndei 
Cincinnati  is  greatly  on  ll 
he  coffee  which  has  here 
liter  be^ imported,  at 
the  por^j^  Cincinnati,; 

ty-  ^.. 

y  in  the  valley  of  theOal 


ghanies,  and  is  situated 
J9°  6'  30"  north,  and  Iflj 
[ts  site  is  just  opposite! 
nto  the  Ohio  between  T 
int  from  New  Orleans  a 
from  Lofltisville,  132  mi 
600  mile^  by  the  cou 
■drii  Philadelobia,  600,i 
K     The  population  in " 
50,  9,602;   in  1830,24,8 
This  exhibition  of  ina 
■  any  city  on  the  globe; 
a  greater  ratio  of  aug" 
ent  period  of  ten  year 

:onstruction,  ari3"alrt", 
biwiness,  must  have  M 
;rowW?.  The  Ohio  aixil 
Lh  St.  Louis,  the  next^ 
I  air-line,  cannot  butbt* 


H-   Doc.  136. 


713 


dvantageous  to  her  business  interests  h^ 

m  of  country  which  has  heretofore  h'^S^  °P^"'°^  ^°  ^^^  »^ade  a  sec- 
TXT  '''•'^^'^  »^°  cities        ''  ^'"^  "'^  ^«^^««  fo  "markets  of  such 
A  lull  description  of  this  and  nil    tu 
.g  to  or  from  Cincinnati  will  be  found  ri^^'I  ^^  ^^"^^  ^'^"^e^  lead! 

TcT"'"^^  to  suci,  improvements         '^""  P'"  ^^  ^'^  ^^Port. 
Ihe  commerce  of  Cincinnaf.-         P"^®-,  ^     ' 

«eson  Ohio  commerce,  and  ;v^ll''be  !!oroT/"-,?  ^^^  ^he  preceding 
Iwing  tables,  is  immense,  em braciW  .T^  /"^^  '""strated  by  the  foP 
Inandnianufactures.  TheWver  ".  .hi  "•' '^'^t'^  ^^^^^y  of  produo- 
faljout  SIX  hundred  yards  in  wfdCi^^^r 'J^''"^  '^'  ^"^  ^^  ^-^^d. 
kto  high  water  is  about  fifly  feet  in  l  ""^T  ^"^  '"ange  from 
kumes  so  low  as  almost  to^foevent  the  n  '"•'^^"•'"'"er  the  water  Ts 

amers  above  the  city;  B^xieritw  h  "^^igation  of  the  river  bv 

vented  a  few  weeks  n  midwinter  .""^^"'^y'  except  they  may  be 

The  succeeding  tables,  J^ep^ed-v^J^^^''^^  '''^'  y  '"ay  be 

H''"^^.^"«'""^»''  eBrtheL^'''"''""  of  the  Chamber  of 

kthe  quantity  and  character  of  theTrHT""  ""^  '^^  ?"*"  '"  detait 

P  during  the  period  of  five  yelrs  pas;?^  ""'".^"^^  ^"^o  its  com- 

1850-'51,  ISsL'ls  1848-'49, 1849-'50, 


1848-.49.     ,849-.50.     ,850-.51.      ,851-.52, 


1,476 

80,242 

311 

179,946 

4,035 

51,518 

4,467 


22,109 
348 
27 
2,094 
87,460 
3,067 
7,721 
7,999 
9,519 
21,995 
414 
344,810 
5,504 
4,346 
281 
143,265 
9,058 
74,961 
515 
147,352 
4,504 
447344 
4,908 
18,146 
1,059 
38,317' 
878 
33,868 
19,209 
11,161 
,23,766 


6,445 
801 
15 
324 
137,925 
5,565 
3,674' 
7,487 
2,545 
49,075 
718 
649,227 
3,688 
453 
97 
165,940 
8,55| 
67,170 
4^ 
201,711 
2,041 
231,859 
a432 
U,527 
l4»0 
11,^ 
1,169 
/  34,946 
25,712 
12,062 
30,280 


111,257 
31,037 

8,259 
11,043 
2,727 
50,9761 
6971 
489,195 
5,508 1 
1,047  1 
74, 
205,444 
7,168 
.91,177  I 

441 
146,691 
5,956  j 
!,772  I 


71,188 
1,609 
1,145 
71 


14,137 
10,203 
13,780 
4,036 
131.014 
653 
653,788 
8,640 
874 
46 
241,753 
12,776 
95,738 
431 
135,118 
10,544 
511,048 
Vl» 


13,254  ■ 
8,132 


1-    <■  ;. 


"<  I 


•f: 


"/■-.'^l 


714 


'•#« 


ii'^ 


rv*Da6.  186* 

STATMENT— Continued. 


Article!. 


Hide*,  green . 
iSingV.'.'.V 


*k 


Hw^v^N 


IbB.. 

bales.. 

boxes.. 

bead.. 

ipg bales . . 

and  steel .'.pieces.. 

andsteel bundles.. 

Irbn  and  steel... — ...... tons.. 

Lead plg«.. 

Lard bbls.. 

Lard ke««-- 

Leathert,r* bandies.. 

Lemoni  .^'. bexes.. 

Lime..., 1>W»- 

Liquor . .;' hhds  &  pi(>e8 . 

Merchandise  &  sundries  ..pkgs. 
Merchandise  &  sundries  ..  tons. 

Molasses  ,...' bbls.. 

Malt...-fe hrub.. 

Nails »..*.....'. kegs.. 

(Ml..; ait .bbls.. 

Oranges boxes.. 

Oakum .'. -..bales.. 

Oats  -  - <...!.  bush 

Oil 


cake '- -M'%8"-!?? 


-S 


10,829 

8,038 

4,191 

49347 

645 

197,120 

34421S 

827 

39,-607 

37,978 

41,714 

6,579 

3,068 

<  6X364 

il»6 

381,537 

7,308 

51,001 

7,999 

59,963 

6,618 

5,007 

1,486 

194,557 


'l^ 


Pork  and  bacon ...... 

Pork  and  bacon  .^ t^frces . . 

Pork  and  baconWKia t,*;^"  -  - 

Pork,  in  bulk. .  .l^m  ■  - ■  .2«bB. . 

Fotirfnes * bbls.. 

Pig  metal..... '.|; ton"  - 

Pimento  &  pepper . .  jgiM*  bags . . 

Hye ..-.(ifi^^buBh.. 

Roaini  &o .^..rtj^L.bbls. . 

Baidns .....: boxes.. 

Rope,  twine,  A^l^i. ...pkgs.. 

Mce tierces.. 

Sugar *..hhds. 

Sugar "'•^'■l 

Sugar -— Hl?^ 

^§#d.flax ^.-j...bbls.^. 

«bSMd,  grass oo...; 

Seed,  hemp do... 

Salt...: " sacks.. 

8alt...v '^>W«-- 

Shot... ?.......'. kegs- 
Tea  pkg«-. 

Tobacco - hhds.. 

Tobacco ° bales.. 

Tobacco .... boxes  &  kegs.. 

Tallow i...bbl8.. 

Wines bbls.  &qr. casks.. 

Wines baskets  £;boxe8 . . 

Wheat bush.. 


Wool ...ISSBi. 

Whiskey.... bWs.. 

Tarn,  cotton pkgs.. 

tarn, cotton bales.. 


2,931 
4,051 
1,229 
14,815 
2,473 
2,251 
2,272 
570,813 


28,774 

18,761 

2,960 

58,176 

238- 

187,864 

29,889 

1,768 

45,544 

28,514 

48,187 

6,975 

4,181 

61,878 

4/176 

68,582 

837 

52,591 

29,910 

55,893 

7,427 

4,317 

1,423 

185,723 

1,767,421 

M78 

^465 

44^^ 

9,249,380 

17^i69 

15,612 


T^943 

170,436 

6,403 

288,095 


•tr- 


,;^^,960 
^,365 
22,685 
f  ,675 
1.847 
'28,869 
5,928 
510 
76,985 
76,496 
818 
7,412 
3,471 
1,311 
12,463 
1,829 
2^683 
2,101 
385,388 


14,181 
14,453 
3^46 
60,902 
-      799 
186,838 
55,168 
2,019 
49,197 
34,173 
63,327 
9,680 
4,183 
56.482 
5.802 
308,523 
4,540 
54,003 
41,982 
83.073 
5.049 
6,819 
1,799 
191.924 
27,87p 
7,564 
2,358 
43,227 
13,257,560 
3,898 
17,8W 
2,568 
5a,397 
12,349 

3,556 

26,760 

'13,005 

2,467 

,  15,570 

4,432 

314 

110,650 

114,107 

1,447 

9^2 

3.213 

887 

17,772 

1,225 

6,874 

4,296 

328,699 


165,419 

5,568 

262.893 


25,484 

18,691 

;   3.83» 

'"« 

225.0& 

66^9 

2,570 

59,413- 

36348 

31,087 

,    10,399 

3,377 

57,537 

1.465 

^9^)70 

61,490 

21,356 

83,761 

6,764 

9,302 

1,739 

1^ 

64J77 

1,188 

31,S95 

14,631,330 

/ 19,649 

16,110 

2,027 

44,308 

12,511 

1^648 


186,678 

3,494 

174385 


'"r  29308 

18,584 

3,612 

20,319 

4,104 

68 

50,474 

79,358 

1,567 

7,821 

3,701 

1,697 

19,945 

3,688 

3,401 

5,060 

388,660 


244,014 

5.577 

124,594 


/ 


U 


16i 


M 

'f 

srcea 

mo 

men 

to/ 

mer 

rou 

1861- 

^6% 

hgk 

%■» 

*. 


'Wf 


led. 

^ 

1 

349-'50. 

1850-'51. 

185l-'ttJ 

Bi.'     'f.. 

14,181 

25,424 

54X'| 

14,453 

12,691 

!>^l 

3,546 

3,832 

60,902 
-.     799 

"'<^ 

1^ 

186,833 

225,0^ 

lU^ 

56,168 

66,800 

2^10 

2.570 

lOJIM 

49,197 

59,413- 

/  S'l'SB 

34,173 

36348 

63,327 

31,087 

9,680 

10.399 

ujsfl 

4,183 

3.377 

nlfl 

56,482 

57,537 

5,802 

1,465 

308,523 
4,540 

M^O 

54,003 

61,490 

41,962 

21,356 

83,073 

83,761 

5,049 

6,764 

6,819 

9,302 

1,799 

1,739 

liifl 

191,924 
27,87p 

w 

7,564 

6,277 

2,358 

1,183 

43,227 

31,S95 

J,257,560 

14,^1,330 

16,5i!sH 

3,898 

y  19.649 

17,2H 

16,110 

r    2,558 

2,027 

23,397 

44,308 

12,340 

12,511 

■» 

m646 

'^  i^^l 

3,556 

»%7^ 

26,760 

^"29,808 

'13,005 

18.584 

2,467 

3,612 

-,  15,570 

20,319 

4.432 

4,104 

'  314 

68 

110,650 

50,474 

114,107 

79,358 

1.447 

1,567 

9,802 

7,821 

3,213 

3,701 

887 

1,697 

17,772 

19,945 

1,225 

3,68» 

!^Ki 

6,874 

3,401 

44296 

5,060 

<tflRfUiA 

IJLiIHiyigtf- 

1,277 

1,866 

186,678 

244,014 

3,494 

5,577 

174,885 

124,594 

^-  the.   136. 


It  will  be  observed  thnt  tu 
kbie  comprise  the  whok  ""^     ""  "'^'^^^^ 


715^ 


hhe  value  of  these  imn^'  ^^  V''"^^  "r  railwav  hv  ^  J^""^^^'  '^^'^ 
d  sundries,  was  eS  '  l'  l^^^T^^^"^  oTZ'klm^  ""'  T^^^' 
isum  of  $24,715  Si'''??  •^"'"  '^«year  cndiWA.         '^^^^''^nclise 


p 


f 


?jr  V 


tree 


Kf  amount  of  $32,146  4nn        ^f^ncts 
amount  to  $fi6,86ll73i'  '"^'"^  the 


— "■"'«"™-"".eUe,,w„„,dgi,, 


upon  the  basis  of 
iakes,  would  eive 
aggregate  import  Com- 

' 'if  ^^  principat  articli.j,  ^r"^  ^  ' 


pi-'6l4^ 


49,  1849-'60,  m^^^^ 


.S'a 


5,824 
3,022 
12,523 
9,XJ2 
1,680 
3,333 
1,272 
24,398 
23;} 
15,910 
7,176 
3,060 
121 
55,134 
39,640 
97 
4,009 
18,909 
55,617 
5,229 
267,420 
3,824 
8,317 
6,922 
2,387 
378 
1,040 


7,731 
43,0251 

7,081  J 
6,2701 
37,521 
130,5091 
9.650 


17,760  i 

2,2741 

212 

7,073 

39,€70 

10,930 

192 


3,519 

3.302 

7,558 

6,625 

2,469 

7,355 

964 

24,393 

4,322 

9,:«3 

57,248 

1,179 

106 

86,902 

67,447 

30 

1,896 

22,030 

73,637 

4,246 

98,908 

5,380 

1,850 

7,597 

2,528 

468 

564 

1,164 

62,865 

11,225 

54,075 

36,245 

5,767 

38,192 

170,167 

16,984 
.1  ayn 


8,0ftf 
5,038 
19,937 
9,356 
1,832 
8,735 
3,258 
3^,185 
5,789 
8,212 
20,137 
2,148 
25 
121,755 
113,412 
440 
5,138 
38,158 
63,804 
7,268 
390,181 
4,095 
17,480 
4^426 
2,830 
599 
638 
3,112 
48,079 
12,459 
108,255 
44,110 
9.776 
30,391 
71.300 
26,110 


25,878  j 
743  I 
5,0231 
54283 
23,529 
22,477  I 
193,581 
13,448] 


:%,098 

963 

11,707 

19,823 

304220 

20,708 

122,086 

2,9741 


20,015 
9,02a 
1.611 
7,934 
3,00& 
31,395 
10,543.  ' 
12,918 
51,231 
92a, 
71 
150,68» 
121,787 
1,840 
.  8,810- 
43,654^ 
644}79> 
9,16» 
408.211 
7.876; 
6,4ia 

7,587- 
944 
554 
3,616 
142,82a 
31,775 
172,409 
36,368 
11,32* 
47,86Si 
115,845 
24^ 


^ . 


9,377 
48,86ft 
1.601 
2,718 
23,844 
43,93» 
34,398 
131,660 
3,»]S,9f3 


.t 


m 


'rii 


•■% 


Pii;npipifPM9impipnp!< 


■  ^p- 


716 


Hv  Doc   18& 

STATEMENT— Continued. 


AitiolM. 


Pork 

Soap 

Sheep..-' 

it. 


.  boxes  ^. 
..pkgs.. 
.boxei. 
..head. 
..hhda. 
..bblii. 


1847-'48. 


ia4&-'49, 


Salt - 8«ck».. 

Seed,  flu...... ,.bbl«.. 

UerchMidiae pkg«-- 

Morchandise tons.. 

Liiquurs -  bbU. . 

Manufacturei pieces.. 

Produce - ,pltg«.. 

Starch boxei.. 

Tallow bbl«.. 

Tobacco kegs  and  boxes 

Tobacco ..hhds 

Tobacco ..bales.. 

Vluegar bbls.. 

Whiskey...... bbls.- 

Wool bales.. 

Wool lbs.. 

White  lead kegs.. 

Pieces  of  castings No .  - 

Piecei  of  castings tons.. 


759,188, 

5,556 

11,095 

1,400 

11,559 

39,656 

5,057 

8,785 

341,363 

16,848 

9,364 

42,412 

28,8--« 

8,177 

5,682 

9.352 

3,812 

123 

2,753 

186,509 

2,-i93 

7,037 


1850-'61.     1851-'34J 


210,049 

21,466 

10,913 

94,904 

17,609. 

7,904 

4,975 

7,497 

3,309 

126 

li888. 

136^11 

1,109 

10,230 


9,650 

29,609 

8,301 

333 

615,641 

11,109 

11,798 

56,810 

10,327 

9,491 

4,311 

6,905 

4,847 

•77 

2,404 

179,540 

2,156 

16,841 

40,294 

54,399 

2,385 


4,753,953 

6,2r2 

21,663 

460 

13,000 

28,585 

7,144 

443 

349,181 

10,350i 

19,297 

22,103 

13,958 

14,109 

5,92r 

18,345 

2,856 

160 

3,756 

231,324 

2,725 

4,836 

50,857 

36,266 

1,121 


A  glance  at  the  table  of  exports  will  satisfy  the  observer 
exports  are  of  the  same  articles  as  the  imports,  and  that  the  major] 
of  the  property  here  noted  is  merely  in  tratuitu,  passing  through  I 
commercial  houses  of  Cincinnati  on  its  way  to  a  northern  orsoutlr 

destination.  .         ic  i 

Many  articles,  it  will  also  be  observed,  are  much  modified  ml 
shape  during  their  stay — such  as  pork,  lard,  whiskey,  tallow,  I 
These  tables  possess  much  interest,  as  showing  the  course  of  trail 
this  point,  as  well  as  exhibiting  its  nature  arid  character  moref* 
than  can  be  otherwise  done. 


PITtSBUBO,  PENNSYLVANIA. 

The  city  of  Pittsburg  is  situated  in  the  western  part  of  Pen 
nia,  at  the  head  of  navigation  on  the  Ohio  river,  which  is  formed  M 
point  by  the  union  of  the  waters  of  the  Alleghany  and  Monong^ 
It  is  in  42°  30'  north  latitude,  and  80°  2'  west  longitude ;  230i 
from  Baltimore,  and  297  from  Philadelphia;  200  miles  from  » 
burg,  and  226  from  Washington.    It  had  a  population,  with  its  siih 
jn  IKOQj  of  1,565  persons,  and  in  1850.  of  about  83,000.   The* 
merati(>n  of  the  inhabitmitsortbe  city  proper  ^^      in  1810,  W 
1820,  7,248;  in  1830,  12,642;  in  1840,  21,116';  and  in  \m\ 
its  suburbs,  83,000.    This  number  for  1860  includes  Alleghany  r 
upwards  of  20,000  inhabitants,  and  some  smaller  places  in  ther 
jWleghany  county,  of  which  Pittsburg  is  j^e  principal  town,  m 


h. 


.'/ 


^r  ■; 


!/.' 


inued. 


1849-'M. 


1850-'61.     1851-'34 


2,310,699 

•    3,451 

17,443 

"'"9,660 

29,509 

8,301 

333 

615,641 

11,109 

11,798 

56,810 

10,327 

9.491 

4,311 

6,&05 

4,847 

77 

2,404 

179,540 

2,156 

16,841 

40,294 

54,399 

2,385 


4,753,953 

6,278 

21,563 

460 

13,000 

28,585 

7,144 

443 

349,181 

10,3501 

19,297 

22,103 

13,958 

14,109 

5,927 
18,345 

2,856 
160 

3,756 
231,324 

2,725 

4,836 
50,857 
36,266 

1,181 


latisfy  the  observer  tkl^ 
)orts,  and  that  the  major  p 
irantitu,  passing  througli| 
ly  to  a  northern  or  soul' 

are  much  modified  in  I 

lard,  whiskey,  tallow,! 

Dwing  the  course  of  traikj 

e  and  character  merer 


IliVANIA. 

western  part  of  Pen 
river,  which  is  formed  «t| 
Alleghany  and  Monon 
2'  west  longitude ;  230i 
hia;  200  miles  from  ft 
a  population,  with  its  suh 
of  about  83,000.  The! 
oper  was,  in  ISl^?^' 
,  21,116';  and  in  1850,' 
50  includes  Alleghany  c 
smaller  places  in  the'" 
ke  principal  town,  h" 


ition,  in  l850„of  138  098  h.    •  .  ^**- 

.^llT'^  «  Vg«r  cy)itkliJi"?Sf '*'""*'  1840,  nearly  ^7.000 

'esent  at  least,  it  offers  ereahJ^Xi  ^'"^"3^  ^xi  evidence  thn?    . 

m  «uiy  other  point.    eS  ^  "  ^''''"""'^  ^«  '^at  bmndi  ofir^S^l;!* 

thimhera  pleasant  sitcf  and  if  "'^  ''7  ?l"<'lly  between  the  two 

S;  J    ' '°  't"  '"«•  »»d  'he  c£„„'"-,"'%«'y  ""t  trifling  ei! 
Hibiitg  owes  her  great  mowth  ■„    f'™-^™<y  of  good  ir„„  ores  ihM 

Umn^,  of  western  pSllafrntn'r^,  ■  ''"''•'■'rn  the 
Bin  and  from  the  lake<?      Ti.  "^/^r^   '.  ^^^^  the  Ohio  and  MioajJl'     • 

ton  with  the  first,  td  J'':.^^\l^S  f^  ^^^  ^^^ 

^ocanaJs  give  her  access  to  the  htt  Jr     .n  .  ..^'^r^'  ^^^  ^^e  and 

1 '"  '^  ^^^  State  west  of  ,he  AJleSe/  r  V^^^^^X  portion  of  the 
kver.  Pittsburg  is  about  lotZf^^X  ^f '^?'  ^^^«^  connexions 
k  projects,  which  will  soon  be'^^n^o^i^f.^f^Mrom  numerous  S 
^™^f"«y[T^nia.  These  are "Snf  '"  ^^^^ «  P««wns  of 
^St^^his  report,  and  itfs  tCfore  L^n''"^  ^""^  '"  "««^her 
under  this  bead.      One  of  »>.«'  unnecessary  to  describ.^ 

fcectsis  the  Pittsburg  and  Oleanr^n"''''  '^^.P^rtant  "of  aU  ^ 
^of the  best  agriculfurd counties bS.^^       ^'?  Pass  th^gt 
lenothadaccesstoa  market,  sufficemt  ^'^^^i^."^  ^hich  heretofofe 
H  varied  resources.     ToCtTtt^th'^^^^^^^ 
H  «  *bout  to  be  built  fi-om  ^Til^ft^ 
fn.    This  road  will  connect  thn^!^'  ^^ 'P"*  ^^  ^^ake  Erie,  to 
l^alswith  the  western  tSi^^f^:^  *^'  I^*^  ^-^^^C  ' 

Ion  on  Lake  Erie.    Buffalo  win  ^!^^^^*«™  terminus  of  navL  ' 

Wg  and  other  poSs  oPfc  W  ^'^^^  'V"'  ^^^  ^-^^i 
_'od?,too,  which  eVdovs  suoprinr  ^7  ""  ^^  ^  '^""^ct  it)ute,  and  bv 
H.  Railway  tr^K  Sfae  j^fdl^f /  «ver  a],  others  in^t^ 
rolJow  up  the  quarry  indTfinftelv  .1'k  *^  ''"^  ^°  ^'^^  ™'^. 

Mmment  or  cartage  iTreajS  ^^^^  by  such  a  mode 

Hot  fie  done  so  ea^^.     Sre  4^"*' V"'?  ^ 

-^when  arrived^at  thelScSS^''-'^  ^^™  "^^«  ^'^ 
j^f^atirom the  ears  into  (he  rnaT  ;ro!,i         °^  »stead  ©f  ijeifflr^ 


'  I' 


'"-*-. 


,1  "fair  •  'i  'j.i"'i 


*    4 


./.  . 


"^m 


H.  Doc.  136. 


YT/ 


hand  bv  xvliich  to  exhibit  the  exact  value  of  the  forraeV;  and  the  ca 
S^t^u^ns  are  but  indifferently  kept  ataBVtime  Below  such , 
Euc  dSrSe  presented  as  could  be  procurecT  mdicative  of  the  cha 

^  '^^^trt^  I't  in  operatic^  in  Pit^|f^^g^ 

^hirt^two  furnaces  and  forges,  with  a  ^^Xf^^ii'^S'  T L 
<^piil  employed  in  manufactures  was  f^^^^^^  at  $2,^84,694..  The^ 

i^«P  of  the  oort.  in  1840,  was  estimated  at  12,000  tons.    ^ 

fn  1650  W^ing  to  the  returns  of  the  United  States  census  i 
ghanycou^trhad  manufactures  of  all  kinds  ^employing  capital,. 
jielding  annual  pWucts  as  follows  : 


No.  of 

maoufac- 

Jtories. 


IHttsburg  ... 

Alleghany  city  .  -  - 
Alleghany  county 


819 
120 

388 


Capital  in- 
vested. 


$5,944,383 
1,469,790 
3,441,721 


Valudlf  ma- 
terial. 


Hands  em- 
ployed 


Totak 1,267 


10,855,894 


$5,677,890 
l,f56,018 
2,590,498 


9,424,406 


8,436. 

1,817 

4,400 


.1 


^\ 


14,853'::  16, 


$10,« 

'mi 


■  The  great  bulk  of  the  above /aggregate  ot  nearly  seventeen. 

■  dollars  Sf  the  product  of  industry  is  made  ud  of  manufacture«<,t  vaj 

kinds  of  iron,  steel,  nails,  glass,  cotton,  clotliing,  boots  and  slioes,cJ 

.net-ware,  whiskey,  flour,  and  proviSbn-packing.    Iron,  oi  cours6,t 

,  the  lead,  and  enters  into  almost  aU  kindi^f  ma;?ufactures  to  a  gr« 

*^ Ittfroper  to  remark  he^,  that  littS  reUance  is  to  be  placedugl 
•accuracy  of  densus  returns,  generall\ifi  matters  «f  business xvkH 
'late  to  the  actual  substance  of  men^  intimiU.ely  as  the  above  q« 
".indicate.    Various  motives  instigate  different, perspns  tp  give ra 
'"  susceptible  of  constructions  very  wide  ot  the  mark  ^aitncd  9j1 
Government— sometimes  above,  perhaps,  but  generally  vfcry.far^ 
,|ie  real  value  of  the  property  or  business  undergoin^investi^ 
Business  men  are  proverbially^jedtloue  .of  all  intermeddhng  in  t^ 
fairs ;  and  so,  however  good  the  qbiim  of  the  modd  cr  may  bp,«l 
innocent  soever  the  instrument  eftbfeyediM  replies  a^e  usualj 
<;61ored,  .Is  it  is  supposed  will  best  suVservft  tli(f  inteifests  of  their  r 
^iience^  «uch  returns  should  be  used  under  a  hjjl  viewof  the 
Stances  and  with^many  grains  of  allowance.    I"  ^"^  case  of  W 
*^ajid  vicinity,  aU  commercial  returns, Mtebcompiled,  present verjl 
tferent  rcsiSlts  from  those  of  the  census.    Wat  City  is  well  knowni 
.one  of  the  most  prominent  in  all  the  western  vaBeys  for  the  consrt 
.of  steamera-bothot  wood  and  iron-aji  .j«»t  which  doesnotj 
^^^mpeaf  m-are^census  fetams.  •  It  ts  «ai4:^gjc  numt)e£A 
bfflt  at  this  place,  during  a  seriesx)f  V^^V^.^^^l^^^^^^^ 
,week.     Supposingthis  statement  to  be  C9j«p\^"^J^«^;*^^^^^ 
machinery  and  joiner-work  was  induded^Wder  those  heads,  *h| 
hardly  probable,  there  is  still  the  co.t  of  materfal  and  labor  raj 

■  .construct  fifty-two  hulls,  unaccounted  for,  which,  at  the  moderate^ 


.»■ 


s. 


"t"r 


of  the  former,  and  the  ca 
t  any  time.  Below,  such  a 
ircd  indicative  of  the  cha 

ittsburg  and  Alleghany 
.italof  «1,437,000;  thei, 
ted  at  $2,784,694.;  Thet 

L  12,000  tons.  S 

e  United  States  census,  i 

nds  •  employing  capital,  ■ 


terial. 

^ 

Hands  em- 
ployed 

■if  1 

$5,077,890 
1,156,018 
2,590,498 

^'    8,4^. 
1,817 
4,400 

9,424,406 

r^l4,653' 

.  m 

te  of  nearly  sevcnteein 
>  up  of  manufacture»ol  va 
;lotning,  boots  and  shoes,  ( 
acking.  Iron,  of  course,  ti 
^f  maj^iufactures  to  agres 

eliance  is  to  be  placed  upl 
1  mtitters  ^f  business  whkl 
intimately  as  the  above  qa 
fferent' p'erspns  tp  giver 
of  the  mark  aimed  3t  1 
J,  but  generally  vfcryJar^ 
iness  undergoing  in  vestigi 
3f  allintermeddhng  in  t^J 
of  the  moddlcr  mayb{!,or| 
))red*,.OT|[  replies  axe  usuar 
•rv6  tllc  inteifests  of  their; 
nder  a  fijjl  view  of  the  cm 
ance.    In  the  case  of  Pitti 
telvcompiled,  present verjj 
•fllat  city  is  well  knowDJJ 
stern  v^iHeys  for  the  consi 
ifet  which  d(icsiwt| 

iKpr  of  Sl 

— «r— w  a^'^r^c  abouro 
co^teH^nd  that  the  valuej 
jed^under  those  heads,  vflr 
of  materfal  and  labor  reqiw 
for^  which,  at  the  moderatei 


H.  Poc   TM. 


719    , 

-  :^St^^t±SSl^^^  ^-'"  --^<^~  -  five  hun.     "V 

J?*:%hr^lS.^S  £:^f  f  ^'  ^9^^  ^at  many 

dfflgtheirquotatotheSLSCrclat    't'"'''  ^"'^^'"  '^P'^^^^  ^^     ' 
tisTinthe.twenty-^vfStios^vTnf.V,    r,^''r^^^  ' 

kent  varieties  ofirW  wX  Tn  S         r  AUeghanies-there  were      , . 

r  6f  one  hundred  anTfonv  intoll^S"  °  •  '^"  ^*'°"''"^'  ^^  '^^  «"^-' 
■he  principal,  and,  in  W  Smoir  ^/'^^f  '"vestment  of  $6,887,376. 
Jots  of  this  im^e^ireipX^  rnarket  for  the 

^at^/tf;i,0%r^"^  ^^  ,^'^  P^"^"-«  "^  ^-  fifteen  LS 

teiZ?Z  >'?^'"  '^"T""'^  ^^"^'^'^^  manufactories  is  supplied  - 

fflSr  .  '  located  ypon  {he  several  rivers  which  commuKe 

MrTe^^M^  neigh^nng  farmer's  during  the  winter  season  when 
rlabors^ftotrequlred^in  agricultural  'oc-cupationl    DZinr^he      . 
^and  dehvermg  It  to  the  furnaces;  felling  tr^is,  and  convS  the  '  ' 

rt  e»lve?t^        '"^''"?  P^'^^"^^.  ^'^^  the  BuZltente  Z  Z 
pre  empioyed  m  the  majiutacturo  of  iron,  affbrd  abundant  nml 

&k7^?^"^?*  ^n^^ .agriculturists  of  the  surroundin^nt^^ 
l^ntnbute  la^Iy  th  tf,e  ifkde  and  com;nerce  of  pSZ  ^' 
rb  mtaufaqjure  -of  glass  is  curried  m  by  thirfy  "hree  iifferent  - 

feW;Ss*^^F'i5l;'^t„-  r^l^  leaLoted'foJT,  ^ 
iCerrfnd  Sn  ^7*"^^^^^%  cl'?«ed  among  its  exports,  than  fcj  ' 

l^ger  dn^hioreyaluafeh,  interest  just  descritied.  ' 

Eu'riTt^r.^T'^'*^'?  to- convey  «ome  idea  of  Ae  principal     <  ^'^  . 
puncturing,  in^  conkequeat  commercial,  interests  J  Pittshurff   as        •    ^ 

h^I?n    V^'  r  Tr'^i^  "°  ''""'V.n  limit  to  their  capacity,  Sr  t«  the  >  - 

^?lT^"'"y  (?*-!^"^'1^^"^P"tation:    Wood,«oai:o»es,andS-  '' 


!»  ^'' 


s-i. 


MsQarees,^.atMHii.d  ia  the  Vnost  prSfusten,  and^t  tfelr^fe: 

ESlir«"""r?v:    A^"  *!''^^  '«  wantL  to^consti'tute  PittCg- 
t  Birmingham"  of  the  American  continerit%labor.  " 

InX^'n     '"rr'^'  ''/i  ^'"'^"'S  "'■*'  ^"^ly '«««  important  than 
"wiuiactatmg.    The  enrolled  tonnnge  of  tlie  port  in  1861  was  about 


'^-m 


h.i 


*•!  ■{ 


t"  ! 


t.^ 


i:i^ 


■  < 

-■  '^a 

i 

.1 

y 

'*i'' 


:4-" 


•.  H 


!■ 


♦  f-'   «.   l' 


*< 


J'- 


1 


'1  I 


T20 


H.  Doc.   136. 


17  000  tons;  consisting  of  112  steamers,  employing  officers  and  ere  J 
if  9  588  ^JsSs  Sid  carrying  466,661  passengers.  Of  the  propertjl 
IS  orthe^^eTsteame^rs,  either  as  to  amount,  character,  or  qu  J 

Srno  r™^^  Z  Sr^i^S^cLr 

ri  cormerceof  PittsWg.  asmade  to  the  commissioners  ot  the  S. 

works. 

CrnivaroAive  statement  exhibimg  the  exports  by  canal  of  some  of  the 
articles  during  three  seasons. 


Articles. 


1852. 


Cotton *?- 

Hemp: --do- 
Tobacco,  unmanufactured,do.  . 

Groceries "*>-  - 

Hardware,  cutlery do. . 

Iron — pig ^^- ' 

?'       castings do.. 

««      blooms do.. 

Cast  steel do. . 

Lead do.. 

Nails  and  spikes do. . 

Bacon --do-- 

Beef  and  pork bbls. . 

Butter -Jbs.. 

Flour ob\8.. 

Lard  and  lard  oil lbs. 

Tallow do. 


1,670,922 
1,165,057 
20,490,918 
1,724,070 
433,669 
16,667,672 
607,995 
411,620 
7,364,436 
6,000 
3,033,036 
39,686,694 
10,367 
434,495 


1847. 


5,995,693 
866,509 


1,0^6,138 
3,311,618 
14,777,069 
1,978,822 
246,897 
66,637 
260,910. 
13,836 
649,416 
188,078 
61,760 
12,713,427 
41,226 
747,646 
297,940 
6,319,378 
62,946 


1846. 


1,0 

l,287,i 

24,696,7^ 

1,571,81 


I  2,6 


21,66U 
19 

8C 

2,929J 
29li 


This  and  the  foUowing  tables  include  the  amount  of  the  articl«^ 
cified,  moved  from  and  received  at  Pittsburg  on  all  the  pubbc  imp- 
ments  during  the  years  named. 


nployjng  officers  and  cre\nj 
ssengers.     Of  the  propertjj 
amount,  character,  or  quaj 
o  very  sati^sfactory  mode  ( 
if  ascertaining  its  charac*- 
aation'  of  the  returns  of  i 
e  commissioners  ol  the  Sti 


'nf  canal  of  some  of  the  i 
easons. 


*•   I>oc.  136, 


\ 


1847. 


i2 

>7 

L8 

ro 
>& 

72 
95 
80 
36 
00 
36 
94 
167 

m 

>09 


1,056,138 
3,311,618 
14,777,069 
1,978,822 
246,897 
66,637 
260,910. 
13,836 
649,416 
188,078 
61,760 
12,713,427 
41,226 
747,646 
297,940 
6,319,378 
62,946 


the  amount  of  the  articlaj 
3urg  on  all  the  public  impr 


\  Comparative  statemen/  **«,  ■  '^1 


Articles. 


produce  not  specified..  lbs 
■-  -  .  lbs. 


Fgoods ] 

ceries .  ^ [ 

irdware 

ion-pig ...,";;; 

castings. : 

blooms  .  ■ ^ 

bar  and  shjset.' .' "  "do 

Md  spikes.  :..^jbs. 

bbls. 


-do. 
..do. 
..do. 
..do. 
..do. 
-.do. 

do. 


1852. 


358,231 
43,087 
237,616 
17,102,061 
36,117,244 
17,885,702 
17,457,753 
20,225,658 
814,300 
14,235,693 
15,292,015 
156,500 
32,644 


1847. 


1,257,620 
21,360 
312,239 
9,927,605 
23,201,074 
7,833,925  • 
14,501,693 
21,979,353 
124,662 
14,942,390 
4.397 
15,886,711 
19,926 


1846. 


871,500 

19,080 

386,225 

10,290,99a 

12,651,818 

6,923,856 

10,522,463 

15,410,661 

13,890,707 

575,40^ 
19,60a 


fmeta  showing  the  immrt,  n«^  '«^iures. 


Articles. 

^ulturalproducts,  not  specified.. lbs. 

»»nd'8hipstu"ffi ^^feh. 

^      ' do 

•  — I —  ,do. . . 

do... 

lbs. 

- tons. 

lbs. 

do. , 

^JLj;  •  ■  bush^ls^ 


■-.V. 


ifriiit . 
N.ai4-bw; 


Exports. 


5  106,651 
1,906 
1,961 
902;'( 
400  , 

T.<>07,9224 
58" 
3,166,067 
13,262;] 


wwa^p; 


Nail-.  .\        ""t lbs 

...       ^v«-. 


p.  unmanufactured" 
47 


do. 
--.bushels. 
lbs. 


277,634 
494,064 
3,270 
20,490,918 


Imports. 


358,f31 

1,475 

19,670 

4,309 

14^7 

73 

542,600 

43.087 


-(■ 


t  < 


— r-*r 

.  «  •    At] 


76,8tRk#*       /I.   ■      ■- 


"a!? 


H.   Doc;^136. 

STATEMENT— Continued. 


Articles. 


Exports. 


„,,     .  bushels.. 

Wheat -:  lu, 

.Deer  and  buffalo  skins '  "  "    do. ". 

.Feathers '  j^" " 

Furs  and  peltries - ^v" 

Tfry^ides "■['.".do".' 

Leather j^ 

Wool - .'.'.■cords". 

Bark -  -  -  -  - ^^^^ 

Boards  and  plank -  -  -  ■  ^^' 

Hoop-poles -  - • ,  " 

Laths,  16SS  than  5  feet '^o- 

Sbingles. . .' - "  "do". 

Staves. 'cords 

Wood • iKs 

Boots,  shoes,  andhats. ). ''f-- 

Drugs  and  medicines , ^^^- " 

Dry  goods....; ■ ■■■^^;; 

Dye-stuff§ - "  - "       ^^ 

Earthenware ^^'  * 

Glassware ••■• ^^" 

\Groceries. .....----- '  - "  An  ' 

lardware  and  cutlery.-  -  -  - -----  '«o-  ■ 

AcyioTS,  foreign  .  -  - ,.  - '-  -  'S^^^- ' 

'amts -  -'v-  -- ,  " 

JordageandbaggingM.--.---^-^--^^^^-; 

■»"•-' lbs., 

toneware ■ , 

jbacco,  manufcictured -^^^^- 

^iskey - Sa^g- 

Ashes j^jjg 

.  Cokl,  mineral ^^^^" 

Copper *- ;;v.'.*.do: 

,lroi|,,pig:-.-- -    .  ,io 

castings -  ^ —        , 

iblogms  iind anchors ^o. . 

\bars  and  sheets. •  -  "P  •  ■ 

l\  bars  and  pigs •  -  •  •^^■- 

Nails  and  spikes ^^^' ' 

gteei...--^ :';:::do:: 


Imports. 


9,839  , 
288,048 
390,835 
197,3^9 
190,258: 
62^,412; 
4,108,694- 
170v 
235,272; 
*      6,500! 
i49,40Q 
60,000 
5,000 

2,83(J 

186,981 

412,98 

5,38 

68,73 

1,075,705 

1,724,070 

433,309 

3,164 

33,728 

82,883 

168,4^7 

6,753 

17,O0O 

779,8^^7 

286,957 

9,415 

9M53 

16,567,^72 

607,095 

411^620 

7,364,436 

fl,OpO 

3,033,036 

23,221 


26,00ffi 
237,676, 

144,( 

21,5W 


•2,603,l)( 

42I,S 

'36,11];24 

\m 

4,746,19 

34,987,7(| 
.17,457,1 
.4,J 
200^ 

■  m 

96,1 


2,132, 


6,929,1 


TiiK \..^.-- ■         j^  _ 

Bacon  . . , i .  - .  +  •  r  -  • 

|ef"ndVork.... ■■^; 

Butter Vli-;''      do  . 

Cheese... -.....;  ::-^^-^*;: 


JTish. 


39,686,694 

10,367 

434,496 

399>571 

169 


«k" 


B.   Doc.  136. 

•Articles. 


.  l^-:     I 


7^ 


Flour ^_ 

JLard  and  Jard  oil 
jPried  beef . , 

iTallowand  candles 
"Brick 

^uiT  and  mill  stones 
time , . 

Me l.V" 

Biate  forroolino- 

fton^' 

[gncultural  inj3^,nents 

fumtture !     ,  ""•:■ 

Jils  (except  laJ-d).'". " 

taper  and  boo^s     "  " " 

w -.r." '• ■ 

inirjesf. .~. ._.___•  :  • 

ijap-stone 

■nmstone ]'"  I 

mb  whitinff . ."']"" "  ' 

Mt5  ixleared  ?.  * 

"sengers.  ' .----Jiun 

'untoftolirc'oliec'J     !!T 
'tmust  be  rememberer?  *h^^    ~^i     T^ — — — __ 

r.on  the  lake  wTi.VJ.        ■  •^.,    '^'^"'^  connexion  with  r>\    ^ /^i^^ynio 


(  ', 


./. 


t: 


J"' 
I''' 


i'-i 


"H 


•  I- 


«     '• 


.v  .  •      •     „  r.axr;<rntmn  ^t  2,100  miles  «om 

the  Alleghany  mer  to  the  G^^^^^^^^  Or*  of  thes|  is    that, 

st&nce,  some  great  commemai      g         e  periods,  the  largest 

except  at  high  water  ^vhl^^^^^^^^^  ^^^^  poi^     It  is'also  natu- 

class  of  steamboats  seldom  ascena  a  ^  r  l^^^gt  of  it,  and 
rally  the  mart  of  an  extensive  and  fertil^c^  inimediately  j 

also  of  a  portion  of  .1"^^^^^.  ^^i '\^  "Sfe^  ^^^  Abundance  of  market 
around  the  "falls"  is  «l««/^rtile,  ^^PP^^^ j^Jbeen  more  moderate 
products  for  a  large  P^P^j^^^vJ^Tutlt  has  been  steady;  W  tie 
Sian  that  of  Cincinnati  and  St.  Lou  «, J^ut.  ^.^perate  for  a 

rt^r^Tco^e!^^^^^^^^^ 

ci*y-  1.  Growth  and  population. 


•■'% 


Years. ' 


Population.  Increment. 


Ratio. 


In  1800  ^ 
In  1^0  . . 
In  1820 . 
In  1830  . 
In  1840  . 
In  1860  . 


600 

1,300 

4,000 

10,090 

21,000 

4^*217 


700 

2,700 

6,090 

10,910 

«,2V7 


115  pen 

208  per  c 
152  pero 
109*  pert 

106  per  M 


The  populauon  of  Lo^iUe  (U>  «« J  »  f  ^^^''TS:.' 

the  8amf  rate  ot  mcreaa^-lO  P^^  "^"J- P  '  inhabitants.     Tlie  n 

.„.«  Loui-Uk  -m  -«a.n  '^^^^^  ^JT  a  large  ptac 

•^rtSess   <S:S,ae  B  pow.     So'  «!»?.  Je8er«.nvale  r™. 

S-X  S  tea  to»n  o?conrideraWe  unportance. 

3.  Commerce. 
I„  Mr.C.«eda/«-Hi.tory  of  LodBviUe.  the  con.mercial  b«- 

were:  i6,616hh(l 

-Bugar. . ' • **'.*.''".  17,500  bbl!.| 

Motosscs ' * "_  _  lO^lOOpacki 

Refined  sugar  .* - '  42,600  bagt 

•  Coffee... - '■'" "..       i,2?5tierc 

Rice  .- ■• •"""^"..  26,2501 

60,6501 

'. .  110,260  bDk 

.     60,626  bai 

,:.     70,160  piel 

,     66,360  c« 


Cheese  —  - 

Flour." ; 

Salt ^'i" 

Salt,  Turk's  island  . 

Bagging. ---•• 

Bope  ...•-•••••• • 


,  .^. 


tion  M  2,100  fiile?  fiom 
has,  in  this  vei^  circiim- 
Onfe  of  thes^  is,  that, 
short  periods,  the  largest 
at  point. .  It  is* also  liatu- 
ntry  southwest  of  it,  and  i 
The  country  immediately 
aji  Abundance  of  market 
I  has  been  more  moderate 
has  been  gteady ;  'knd  the 
continue  &  operate  for  a  I 
importupt  ^atistics  of  this  | 


3*  the  commercial  busii 
'  Louisville,  in  groceries,  I 


» 

H-   Doc.  136. 

f  i^^A.-The  agg,e«a,e  ,         '"""^  """■^ '^'-l 

mated  at  jive  million  ^  fs^^S^te  annual  saFe^  nf  a 

j .  .        »  , 

•  -  '3.  Pork  business.  • 

The  number  of  hoff»'^„f  „      ...   -  - 

IshowsaWeandincrea^inrK     ■'     '^  estimated  at  97^  nL.?^' 
Kentucky&vetheirhcJ"tftheTo'-   ^/'^^^^  "«-be  off^S J^^'^^.   ' 
orthreeyea^s,  the  busin^esfhtire^S'^^^^  -^^  in  tll^at^w^^^ 


>'l! 


4. 


'S^<^««^^.  and  navigation. 


Louisville  wnbarkpf?  m  tk  '  \  • 

JDd  still  empfoys  ThrJe'^  steamboat  business  at  «  v.  , 

teistered  at  Louisville  «„  ^'^^Port;  there  were  sirfu  «„^   V  -^        ^^°^ 
^  Albany.         .      ''™'"''«3  are  annually  b,il.  a.  t„„isviUe  and 

(  ^-  ^'^nufactures. 

I  Louisville  is  a  commercial  nnA 

^  «m,utacturing  establishmms  are  «,.^  manufacturing  town.    Hence 
NCmcnnati.    Yet,  they  Zt  Infhf ''' ""'"P^'-^^  ^«h  Pitt^^^^^^^^^ 
^Mowing  are  the  princip^?  '"  '^^  ^Sgregate,  a  large  XZf. 


mdries ;_ 

hpand  candieV." '         |  15 

tegiDjor...  ,            ■; I  6 

penes ^, 3 

ftOD  and  wool *' 6 

%•■......'.'.' ' 3 

land  flour  miOg 45 

"««re ••- -I  9 

26 





^ 


930 
69 
120 
30 
135 
1,157 
47 
446 


0.&C.  .., 


■^- 


3 

1 

11 

8a 

9 


16 
36 
166 
1»050 
64 


*1 ,392,200 
409,000 
184,000 
108,600 
173,600 
941,500 
283,800 
WgtpOO 


^t 


'■^■[ 


140,000 

118,000 

MfkOQO 

l.3W,500 
176,000 


^f 


1.1.    ,      «,  » J  •    ; 


#• 


*  ^  III     ^' 


'i 
• 


726 


.  :"*"  i 


T" 


H.   Doc.   136. 


The  manufactures  of  Louisville  (exclusive  of  mere  kechanical  labor) 
mobablv  amount  in  value  to  six  mimms  oi:  dollars  per  annum-cer- 
tainly  a  vety  good  foundation  for  more  extensive  operations. 

•       "^  6.   Railroads. 

Louisville  will,  in  the  course  of  two  or  three  years,  have  an  extcn. 
sive  system  of  railways.     The  principal  lines  will  be  as  follows,  v.:  ^ 

1.  Lexington  and  Louisville  railroad,  finished;  and  will  connect  at 
Lexintnon  with  numerous  other  lines.  .„  ,  ,  -.i    ,   I 

T  STille  and  Nashvill/line.  This  will  connect  her  with  the] 
pntirp  net-work  of  southern  railroads.  I 

3  J^ouisviUe  and  Cincinnati  raifroad;  which  will  connect  her  ^vith 
all  the  northeastern  railroads.  ,  •  ,        n  to*!,,!' 

4  Jeffer-^onvillc  and  Columbus  line;  which  will  connect  at  Indian, 
apoiis  with  all  the  northern,  Tndi.-ma,  and  m-higan>tTnes.  „ 

6.  New  Albany,  Salem,  and  Michigan  city  line.     This  w.ll  connrctJ 
at  Orleans,  with  th^  Ohio  and  Mississippi  railroad,  anH  thus  make  a 
,    coijin^ous  lirie  to  St.  Lc^uis,  and  will  be  continued  north  to  M.clngaa 
citv  and  Chicago,  Illinois.  .„  t      •      ii       m,  l 

These  railroads,  when  completed,  will  connect  Lom^viUe  mlhk 
most  distal^  parts  of  the  Union,  .md  enable  her  to  avail  hers(:lf  ofk^ 
ereat  commercial  advantages.  ,  u,.J  ,nJl 

Louisville  is  situated  in  the  centre  of  a  large  district  of  IcNcland 
^rich  land.  Its  site  for  buildijig  is  .lipiost  indefinUe.  Provisions  ard 
,  chenpt  and  its  position  for  commerce^one  of , the  best  m  the  >intenorofl 
the  United  States.  Its  growth  is  not  so  rapid  as  that  of  some> 
but  is  very  uniioriiW  so  that  the  growth  in  future  may  ;l>^  fery  cej 
tainly  counted  upon  at  the  same  rate.  Allowing  for  some  decreasej 
the  ratio  of  growth^and  it  will  probably,  in  half  a  centurjft  hayeidj 
a  million  of  inhabitaVits..**  .       ,  .     .    , 

A  statement  recently  published  shows  that  ^here  are  navigatin^.i 
Ohk,  and  Mississippi  riv^erS  an  aggregate\of  269  steamers,  measun^ 
.  60,T92  tns,  and^^which  are  valued  at  S^,8f  ^000,  that^can  ji^ 
through  the  present  locks  in  the  canal  aro/d  the  rapids'lat  Lou.^  IJ 
Ther?  are  also  navigating  <he  same  rixli^.  76  steamers  oieuN 
48,062  tons,  and  valued  at  \5»,7 14,000,  which  ^--^too  large  to  J 
through  those  locks,  and  therefore  catonot  participate  m  the  tiade  o  « 
upper  Ohio,  being  nearly  one^ialf,  the  valuation  of  the  fetearast« 
engaged  on  those  waters. 

Valuattm,  in  1850,  of  the  cities  named. 


I*   V 


St.  Louis. 

'  Cincinnati 

Louisville. 


Estimated. 


;i?27,968,833 
41,848,636 
31,633,904 


True. 


H.   Doc.  136. 


ich  will  connect  her  with 


72T 


Lying  upon  the  bank  o7tlit°fi"'  **^«s6uri. 
merce,  tot.  Louis  is  entiflp,-?  V^  '  ^  "^  made  tr  butarv  t«  k        ° 

\mrs distant,  vet  »  „r,„    ■'     ^'"'"«li  these  ultimate  r«,.if        golden- 
•I the  Mississippi  valfevno',1,  "ntnenst  lesqurees  of  1, ",    *  ^^ 

IJese  ra,hvays-are  extended  beyond?!^  T  '"  ""^  ""  <'"<'■     ^heto      ' 
Ife,  there  ,s  a  territory  belonSr  h '"  ^'"^^  ,"»™tain,  or  not,  Se 
livoKi  becojuinj  tributlirv  t„Ti   T       ""  Pcat  valley  wfieLi„n  .„        ^ 
f.«epreirof  „l,,t'3^r„i^^^';",!'™ss„f  tbis  Ity,  IKJ:™'^ 

K  "ther  city  in  ,|,e  West?  Tl  is  (^e, V'""  ""'  >■  funl  aSeent 
fitness  ofSt.  Louis,  providrtdil        '"'''?"'* '''^^isivt  of  tbafS    " 
f«progress  of  the  mein'^Tr T     1  P""^ '"fill  lier  e„er„ios  ,o„  "f 
Ky.    Her  conneJo  ,Tw  b  o^^^'T™  f  ""=  '-oS?es  „nht 
Ob  ™  ''\'""'y  decided  n°tan™  ■;; ™'  'i"?"*''  CineiUna,    ISd 

tsm^s^:;fctnSlv"5^-K?5^  ' 

■nmerciaP wealth.    It      .iS'        T'  ^"  P^^"^  "<' PopJfSn  a^* 

>  the  mouth  of  thc^  MiWi    ki    '"^"'''  ?^  '^'  Ohio.  20  mi^sb^  •  ■ 

t!v  that  of  the  minol    HmrZJT'T^  '■^?"^^"^'  «"d  4D  mi£ 


^^  V  that  of  the  Illinois     Sf  i  If   Vi  ''""^^P^^  --iffluent 

•^^"'.and  other  ri,^?rs '  froi^  ,^      '  """'^^^•^^^' ^'^^  ' 

""^f  and  Iowa,  wit^.o      VJ     '"""/f  ^   oastwani 

•:.*e  Mississippi  "eo^;^^7«^^l'>^-  streams  ^ 

,'^"-' lands  on  their  hnJl  ^  "^  ^  .    '"''■^  products^ 

h'  products^  r  isuallv  ''    "   '^",  '"'^*^^''^^'«  '^''  m 

Ky  to  theQtl  ren{-S"t:T'"''  ''<'n-cha„dil1 


.i'",!: 


.^*     '     \. 


west,  fall 

extei?siver\ 
.,-»•     Here->^ 
^"^^^^supplies, 


f  "P.<llymcre„si„g  tradf.     TboSS'iSv«l""'  P-^«»  ",- 
„■  '°  unoivef  tlie  necessitv  of  » 


ui.JJiW^.iii„Hip    — 


'  •'^^f.' 


1  . 

1 

r '. 

i     ' 

of 

^28  H.  Doc]  138 

SnlS^^cr  p^ctr^^^^  arul  St.  Louis  is  thus  con- 

?:to.rX  Ireat  receiving  and  distributing  depot  for^aU  the  upper 
■Btituted  *//g^^.;j2ppi  and  Missouri  basins.  To  the  va^tness  ot 
country  oj>the  Mississippi  ^"  '  »  ^  ^^^^  ^f  its  soil,  and  its  rich 
this  coui^y,  there,^re  ^e  ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^  ,f  immigration,  does 

rLotroTeTer'  ate  rS^"^^^^     population  and  prosperity,       | 
T^e  c  tvTs  one  of  the  oddest  Frenph  trading  and  military  posts  in  tte 

Mi^tio^iW  ^^^^^  tMcJ-^tvSSdrb^^  Shet 

16,469  inhabitants,  whereas    n   1850  *^  """^"^^^"ooo  souls   and  an 
less  than  82,744  souls,  showing  an  increase  of  ^^^^OO  souls^  and^l 
■  average  rate  of  duplication  once  in  ^ 

FJtSojBer  population  has  been  doubled  once  in  9j  years;  dunnji 
t>fe.^HKe  in  9;  the  last  30,  once  in  7;  the  last  ^0,  oncem5)y^,. 

-AWBrn^^  ince  in  every  4  years.     Such  has  been  the  v^mo,m^ 
:;^c^Wgrow     o   sS^^  Lm  natural  causes    What,  then,  J 
So  be'S^cfed  as  the  result  of  the  construction  of  ^er  -m^n^ 

IcS  to  numeroTs  deposites  of  lead,  iron,  coal,  and  copoer  orj^ 
wS  a  drc^it  of  90  miles,  equal  to  the  wants  ot  the  whole  M^ 
Zn  v^l<^X^^  which  have  not,  to  this  tmie.  been  brougk^ 

usT   The  lack  of  necessary  means  of  transportaUon  has  heretofa. 
Treduded  tie  successfol  working  of  these  numerous  "unes,  thought^ 
EaveCen  known  to  exi^i  in  richness  rarely  d  ever  exceUed.   1 
complSfon  of  the   "Pacific,"   the  "Hannibal  and  St.  Joseph 
"  s7loSs  and  North  Missouri,"  and  other  projected  rai  ways  ^^ 
is  how  determined,  will  open  easy  -mmumcation  wjth  ^es^^ 
reaions   besides  develop  ng  the  .^resources  ot  large  tracts  oi  coint 
:S\on^'e  other  in SgrLltural  richness    Owingto^^^^^^^^^^ 
nntnrnl  features.  Ihe  hidden  wealth  of  which  will  be  brought  to  i 
rdrende^X;Iuable  through  these  Stupendous  lines  of  internjlj 
^^'v^etlr^eople  of  s/.  Louis  -nfidendy  anticipate  M^^^ 

ation  of  their  present  rate  of  increase  dunng  ^^^^^  "^^J.  ^.^fL^-Xbib— 
her  canacitv  wdl  be  equal  to  the  supportoftiearly  600,000  inhaWi^  ^^^^^ 
when  Lr  mines  may  vie  with  those  af  Sweden  ^nd  Great  Bntmn,^ 
W  manufactures  Id  agricultural  Foductions,  her  r^^" 
tonnage,  and  her  ag^egate  commerce,  may  not  be  exceeded  D.y 
oi"  anv  othei^tegion  of  the  world.  •  v.nrnwn^P"^^'"--. 

rLre  detmled  account  of  the  ^erent  hues  of  P'jbbc  i^^^^^ 
^wpr.«ress  will  be  found  iu«ler^  prQper^ad,^n^th«F 
^^rt,'axid  their  situation  may  be  ascertainedhy  reterencel 

^STuti;1S,"co^^^^^^  annual  statements,  J^le 

sonlething  of  the  growth  an!l  character  of  the  commerce  of  St.1 
during  a  term  of  years.     , 


ointg . . . 


)(luce  and  merchaiiclise  ar- 
either  abqve' or  below  that 

and  St.  Louis  is  thus  con- 
g  depot  for  all  the  upper 
isins.  To  the  vastness  ot 
y  of  its  soil,  and  its  rich 

tide  of  immigration,  does 
lation  and  prosperity, 
ag  and  military  posts  in  the 
)on  for  many  years  as  the  I 
referred;  but,  until  the  last 
In  1840  it  could  claim  but 
nbered  a  population  of  no  | 
je  of  66,000  souls,  and  an 
rears.     She  has,  moreover, 
;n  years  than  at  any  fonner 
)0  inhabitants.     During  the  I 
ed  once  in  9 J  years;  dun, 
I  7;  the  last  20,  onceinSij 
ach  has  been  the  almost  im-l 
al  causes.  What,  then,  myj 
iction  of  her  numerous  mtj 
lexion  with  her  natural  id-j 
I  routes  will  give  hereaajj 
n,   coal,  and  copper  orej,| 

wants  of  the  whole  Mis« 
to  this  timcj  been  broughtt 
•ansportation  has  heretofi) 
mmerous  mines,  though  ^ 
rely  if  ever  excelled, 
nibal   and  St.  Joseph,"' 
r  projected  railways,  wW 
jmcation  with  these  minenl 
5  of  large  tracts  of  co^ 
ss.   Owing  to  these  promi-' 
ich  will  be  brought  tol 
tendons  lines  of  internal  i 
idently  anticipate  a  cd^ 
ing  the  next  ten  years,  r 
)fhearly  600,000  inhabib 
^eden  ^nd'  Great  Britain,i 
ictions,  her  railway  andi 
ly  not  be  exceeded  by  I 

1  lines  of  public  improves 
)per  head  J  in  another  pairt 
certained  by  reference  lo^ 

nnual  statements,  willi 
of  the  commerce  of  Stl 


1.       .  ^-  ^oc.  136.      -y 


Article*. 


ISSi. 


I860. 


"•',-. hxaik.. 

bWa., 

bush.. 

---- do... 

7.&0.  ....do._ 

*•  •...caaka&tcg 

.'■••Jowa&bWs, 
«,6iift....pieggg 

••-■-• -..sacks. 
••— ,..bbl8.. 

• bales. 

--....pigs.. 

hhds. 

bbiT: 

lbs.. 

^Is. 

•  -.hhds. 

bbls.. 

boies. 

sacks. 

bbls.. 

-do... 

tierces. 

••-•-kegs.. 
•CMks&tcs. 

boxes 

pieces 

—  Mfeet. 
'••...  Jf. 
•■■ .. ■ Al. 


1849. 


1.700,708 
793,892 

1.840,909 
7»4,421 
101,674 

15,898 

103,013 

768,819 

147 

216,933 

46,250 

65,366 

603,571 

10,371 

5, 640 

8,872 

90,736 

47,991 

29,^6 

20,864 

15,833 

101,904 

40, 231 

14,465 

37,743 

14,460 

16, 701 

1,564 

6,629 

16,280 

7,805 

1. 


1848. 


1,792. 


535  2,194,789 
412      387 


573. 


94, 
25, 

25, 
5. 

n, 

73, 
29,  i 
61,1 
17,  t 

n,h 

30,0 
1,380 1 


>,383 

^29lj 

i,263| 


,709 
,563 
,290 


314  • 


«99, 693  1,016,' M^ 
243,700      202:3al 


55,508 


57, 380  J 


!>7. 


642 


43,692 


,879 

,8671 

,336 

.902 

,0851 

.5011 

,tm\ 

67,353 

,214 


204,74]"  '"Voe" 
38,809         4J 

2911     3^«'      '2,' 
^       705,718       749 


9, 014  I 
9,3691 

7,806 
62,  097 
29,758 
26,116 

14,8121 
78,842 


,302 
380 
222 
128 
■11,015 
5,735 
4,720 
7],«77 
22,239 
12,671 1 

20,  111  i 


1,838,988 

220,487 

688,649 

?S,612 


177,784 

58,948 

33,853 

730,829 

8,688 


68, 279  f      67 


21,943        21 


77,767 


15,801 

18,8451 


ate 

6, 579 1 


49,321 1         ^'^1        6, 
14,676     ■■"oV 
4,316'         ^■ 


14-,  180 


554 
32,021 
2,150 
8,595 


1,71(1 
63,306 

29,882 
11,603 

5,762 

65,128 
14,996 
26,462 


im-     H425 


283 


188 
7,334 
1,890 


22,137 
15,851 
2,598 


14,730 

11,803 

1,648 


16,017 
13,098 


test;  iit"^4^^^^ 

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IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-S) 


^ 


,« 


>w 


■■y*  * 


••A  H.   Doc.  186. 

i  ggl  26 

Tonnage  of  steamboats  and  barges  was,  m  I860. .... . .  - . .     ^, 

Do -^^^--iT-Volfn ...-- **1'19J 

Wharf^  coUected  in  1860 -y    -_       48^15^ 

Do do lo     .-----  •  ■  ■  * : '^,    ,       |-^      off  the  loss  i 

""^f  Set  »i^- "f  ^°"'"  "^°"'"°''  °'  '""•""^°""  " 
foUows:  ■  ........     J289,75l 

Sugar  and  molasses _. 133,41 

Hardware,  &c  .^ . » 7 100.2I| 

Railroad  iron '"[ 96,1 

Earthenware : 81,i 

Tin  plates,  tin,  copper,  iron,  ficc --       g^^ 

Dry  goods  and  fancy  goods _        54,7 

Brandy,  wines,  gin,  &c. .  .'.^ •  * ] " g^J 

Burr-stones . .  -' 

Drugs * 

....       757^ 
•  .        Total. -. 

.       Amount  of  hospital  money  coUectcd  at  the  same  port. .... 

No  estimate  of  the  total  value  "f  ^^f  .^r^k  ^P' 
•         1881  ha,  been  made,  nor,  ""^•J'^^i^^Z^^IrX  here' J 
8ueh  with  any  degree  of  ^-^VJ^-^y-    ^"^J'^tXand  d>e  fH 

ville  to  WUte  river,  about  ^^^^J^^l^„  ^elve  miles  below  EvansvUle.  F*l 
Henderson,  in  KentuAy.  l«  «»*««"«  Je  Sta^Kntucky,  passing  Madi««Al 
point  a ndlroad  has «^»;?^ytJS2^''suS^llne  about  twelve  miles nprj J 
itogvUle.  and  Trenton,  striking  the  *f"P®r**J°^i^  .ymUes;  and  sufficient  fundiliif 
Xwd  tl.e  wholedi^oeta  Kenttidky  I.  J««J^"3,7t\ 'point  about  centndtoltJ 
Mbiiribedto  g'^d^./u'ert,  Mid  bridge  >^^«^SrOhio  river  Tbis  road  pa«e.^ 
tlon  of  the  gt«at  Illinois  coal  flrfd  lytog  ~«J^  »\  »"^j^  „g„  Madisonville.  is  8J  feet  ttt 
coal  beds  for  about  fifty  miles.  Thejwjt  workable  ^Inne^^^^  when  l«i« 

roofing  and  drainage;  and  the  "»!»•■•'?■«  fK.i;  feet  Mr  mile :  and  the  coal  canM 
ll^Sd  with  grades  on  lateral  n«J- »f  ^^J  ^f  ^S*  ^S^loi  Nashville  and  H 
.  on  a  good  road  for  about  one  cent  a  ^nP«'X„the  stock  to  connect  the  reddue  4 
LviSon  a«  now  deeply  ntere^Jn  ."^'SKJntSy  a^d  Edgefield  compsn,b.»j 
tance  in  Tenneswse,  about  fifty  mUe« i  '"^„*"*  Nashville  her  fuel  at  the  che.jK!*< 
1S»5.000  of  the  stock.  This  road  will  secure  t?„^"7|r ,?;  g,,^.board  from  HonW 
Pa  direct  -mmunicationbgween  the  -^^  -a^-^^^  ^^^ 

portions  of  those  States  with  all   heir  ^^•J";JJJ'„Xm        so  far  as  carryingu* 
ena  be  done  when  the  articles  arrive  "^f^JX*""^.^!  thoroughfares  in  the  U«j«| 
ami  the  road  must,  necessarily.  »»e  ^ff^  £f2rioS3  production,  «M 
embnudng, « It  does,  ^^enrvwioty  of  clhn^t^  ^^^  ^ J  ^^  ^ 

communication  to  ^^ISS^'^^K     tttwSXwm*  U  nearly  "  champagne"  »!■ 
to  M»  grw*  nork.    The  country  over  which  K  paw*  «■"""/ 

and  all  UgUy  agiiodton^  ..  ' 


^-  i>oc.  138. 


I  As  the  rivers  of  the      *  -^"^  '^'^HiOR. 

knver  navigation,  a  fuIW^f  k"*!  ^^«  '"osf  SS,"'^^^*^^ 
Ners  IS  very  desirable,  esnS     ■'^^.  ''"^'"^ss  traX,^'  P"^"  9^ 
V?tonly  the  relative'val  ,!^f  u""^  '"  this  conneTinn"         *^  "P*'"  thoa^ 
«th  that  of/the  lale^buf  «f  '^t  ^^^^^e^ce  o?  the  hI  ^  "  ^^"^'^  «how 
ktpoints  upon  the  r ^e^s     p'  '^'  ^-^^h«^ges  a^^ "!,?'  ^^  ^T?^d 
Kms  have  only  been  r^^.-  ^^^*'  ^ave^beC  hi '    '^'"^'"^  ^'^^^- 
k  in  detail.    It  is  Jho^^Tl^  fro">  a  few  of  the  mn     .^^P^«««ed  that" 
fe  employed  in  that  3  *  ^^'''  ^^"^ever,  to  sStn  ^ ''"P^^^river  : 
>Per  approximate  sLTe^^'  f'  '^^  ^e.t  m;Ss  at  uLn?T"«*  '^^ton- 
fe  character  of  thfS"''  *'/*''«  ^^o^^merce  of  ^K ''^  submitting 
flmng  into  it,  wiJ    h  ^A-  ^^  'he   prinSo^f .  !^-*?^  S^''^*  "verf 

h'f^fae  commit  ^f  the  r"^^^  ^h^wHy  thi'trf  J^^"^     ' 
Mered  of  the  hiSLt  i,?   ^^^'^  ^"'^s.     Th^s  tr«H   f^^   '^^^^- 

n,  who  foresaw  thTneVeTs^tv  oT'  ^^  «"^  "^^^  c^Sil^  ^^° 
i  aug^ientation,  as  wpII        /  ""(  "'^^'^ng  provision!  r^^^^^  ^^a^es-      . 
|o Imve  ever  advocated",  A''^  J'^^  ^hest^of^omm     '  f  P^'^^P^ct- 
t  by  private  indSi  ""'^  P^^^^^  onnt^7ZT'^  authoSties'    , 
I  Calhoun,  in  Ti^ ^W    in  eUerragr "^-«'  -4 

forlmprovixL^  't^.^  ^.""dred  millions   'd^r'''  ''^«'^^^.       ' 

"y'-containing  within Tc  r^  ^'^^"^  future,  whpn^t-     •'     ^^y^'- 
."^e  miles,  lyin^    „  L  '  ^'"?'t«  «ne  million  tWotfi^'^  immense^ 

iB,i  «.« — -■  „^-iette.»  ^"®  attempt  to  reahV*.  tfT  ^^^^opa.  miafii- 

,t  a  point  about  central  M*»  ^  ^  *"'^  magnitude  of  if. 

iver     This  road  paMei««*' trade  on  the  MississinnJ  nnJ   •  a        ue  oi  jta.,, 

■  Madi8onvUle,i88ifeet*«pubhc  concern:     BvS^F      -.  '^^  tributaries  is  now  „ 
he  coal  caw,  when  i"-***  equal  notice  ^^uul  "^  ""^P'^  advance  and  u  ""  '"^"er  of 

mile:  and  thecoalc«i>b.^»g,"ij""ouce  With  the  foreign  tro^„        ,     .      'ts  great  future  ,V 
^:b  if  Nashville  and  f  j«3  ^ore  than  either  as  one  nffu  ^^.  '^^  'radl  of  the  1  Jkl, 
to  connect  the  residue  ^W  wnfederacy.  ^^  ^'"^  of  tJie  main  sourcPQ  «r  *[.  f ^' 

u,d  Edgefield  company  b«»foij^^  =^"^^^8  ot  the  wealth 

her  ftfel  at  the  cheap««"»   ,.  ■       ^  remarks  from  De  Bow'fl  P      • 

i  sea-board  from  iT^jHj^^;  'natter;  '.  The  free  and  If  ^^""'^"^  ^''"^  the  interest  th.t  ' 
the  centre  of  the  greatW»nJand  waters  must  nfl  ""'nterrupted  navitrafjon  I?  :.    *' 

,t  and  West  Morida,  »w  «inUy,  rphev  «W  ?\?  '^''""^'  ^  a  matter  of  I^  "  °^  ^'^^s* 
iication  wai  supply »"  ''*»^i!)e[f  ^v^^iFf  to^thfr pQp„}^  nflfr»»  ^P""'^  ^ntet^sr ta 
&c.,  at  about  as  che.p.«'3  over  which  commeSbe  nn.  i"     °"^  °"  their  banks  aVthT 

mall,  so  far  as  carrying  «««■  Otate  DOWfir*.    o.  ,..    ."^!y^?  "Ot  klUffS.  nrPo,-^„„       xr      *^  ^-'  the 
horoughfares  in  the  Vm 
dtural  production,  anflw 
robUc  is  no*  being  anw" 
I  nearly  "  ch«mpa«M  ■ 


/*  hf'- 


;lr.f- 


tr:  ^ 


*t» 


^ 


m 


feev  nrl  5^^  ^^"^  the  pale  of  envtrn!!^'^^***^^'  ^an  exclude 
hiew^fe^^  '^°»^^i««  which  t^eir  ^^r^"^'  "°''  ^'ianceof 


7812 


H.   DfiK^lSa. 


E  ..-H 


/. 


could  be  allowed  to  deter  the  legiH^re  d£  the  Union  from  approaching 
.  the  solemn  act  of  duty  which  is  involved  here.  j 

The  following  resolutions  were,  with  others,  adopted  by  the  Mem-j 

^"ST^rcommunication  between  the  Gulf  «f  Mexico  and  tkl 
interior,  afforded  by  the  navigation  of  the  Mississippi  and  Ohio  nverd 
^their  principal  tributaries,  is  indispensable  to  the  defence  of  the 
country  in  time  of  war,  and  essential  also  to  ite  commerce. 

«  tL  the  improvement  and  preservaUon  of  the  navigation  of  those 
irreat  rivers  are  objects  as  strictly  national  as  any  otjier  preparaUon  y 

'     tL  defence  of  the  country;  and  thatrsuch  unprovements  axe  deepedl 
by  this  convention  impracticable  by  the  States  or  individual  enterpnseJ 

_    aid  caU  for  the  appropriation  of  money  for  the  ^ame  by  tiie  gemS 

\  ^^Th^'foUowing  statements,  compUed  chiefly  from  a  vduable 
'    useM  report,  aLady  referred  to,  on  the  steam  marine  of  the  inl 
watersraSe  presentea  here  to  exhibit  the  necessity  for  secure  mb 
pavigation,  and  as  having  a  special  bearing  on  the  trade  of  the  Mis 
•aipm valley  and  the  St.  Lawrencebasm :  ,,1, 

"The  order  in  which  the  several  coUecUon  distncts  on  the  lakes  i 
rivers  of  the  interior  are  shown,  commences  on  Lake  Champlain,  fi 
which  it  extends  up  the  ^t.  LaNvrence  river  and  Lake  Ontario  oi 
Niacaxa  river;  thence  up  Lake  Erie,  tiie  Detroit  nver^jnd  Lake  Hil 
ronTto  Michilimackinac;  thence  up  Lake  Michigan  to^«po;Uiea 
across  the  Mississippi  river,  and  down  that  streftm;.«pw  urie 
#thus  extending,  on  a  natural  hne  of  mterior  na-Yigaf ion,'Miich  W 
two  slight  interruptions,  frbm  the  waters  of  the  G^tf  of  St  Law. 
to  those^of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  a  distance  of  nottessthan  2,850  luj 
upon  which  is  employed,for  purposes  of  trade  arid  traM  ^  steamt 
we  of  69,166  tons.*     The  Ohio  basm  ferms  of  itself  a  cross^ 
fjap^e  1,100  miles  in  length,  embracing  simply  the  distncts  onthatt 

7**"ImmedSr^st  of  Lake  Superior  Ues  the  Minnesota  distncji 
»  collector  at  Pembina,  on  the  Une  between  our  owii  and  the  Bn 
possessions,  and  a  deputy  at  gt.  Paul,  on  the  Mississippi,  w^ 
territory  of  Minnesota.    This  iS  a  new  distnct,  and  steambo^J 
nloved  on  its  waters  have  hitherto  been  enroUed  at  St.  Louis,   m 
Se  years  1860  and  1861,  three'  or  four  good  steamers  ran  regulajyl 
twin  St.  Louis  and  St.  Paul,  and  Fort  Snelhnff,  two  of  whicti 
several  large  pleasure  parties  almost  two  hundred  miles  up  we  ^ 
^te^t.  PeteVs)  river.    A  small  boat  (the  only  one  ye  buJt . 
Territory)  has  been  runnmg  the  test  year  above  the  fells  ot«J 
thony,  1,700  mUes  from  the  moudi  of  the  Mississippi.    bttam«i 
earlier  and  later  on  the  waters  of  Minnesota  than  on  those  ot.tMi 
of  the  northern  lakes,  in  the  same  latitude. 


•  Till. ikltuea b trwed  fton  Montred to Lewiiton on ttw "B"'""'"^ ,.^51 
jma^tSSby l-SuSe lint IntemiBttei)  to  Buftlo;  thence <m tk-.^^S 
CTL^Skn  to  CUe^i  tkeooe  by  tbe  DUmI.  and  Mto^jm  "^  <**,  "^  ^ 
Ko^SSSnUWrShS  to*h.Ml-Mwil  »dbytfcrtrfmtothe(W£ 


JLnU^ilLi,  tJ^    'St" 


.'■As 


^-   I>oc.  136. 


^  Gulf  of  M^eo  by  the  Mi..'    •  '  •  *""'  "^^ 


#" 


Mrtrictg. 


^'°!:'"r!™i^!:^«;^i^^  Fofi^. 


I  «o.-or 
Isteamen, 


Total 


'New  dirtricfc. 


I>iatrieta. 


2,789  fe,4«(r.79» 
i.9l3  I  370,000 

"  ■  •  •  •  I 

"j^     24,3io 


V 


'   kr-* 


784 


:||rliDoc.  :^$f^ 


4linary  by  k>w-pres8ure.    All  of  the  river  steamers,  and  all  of  the  feny. 
boats,  haw  high-preflsure  engines:    Low-pressure  engines  have  at  sev- 
■eral  periods  been  partially  tried  on  the  western  rivers,  and  abaiyioneA 
In  the  year  1818,  three  boats  of  this  description  were  built  on  those  wj-  j 
ters ;  in  1819,  seven  boats ;  in  1820,  ttoo;  in  1822,  one}  in  1823,  (me;  in 
1824,  two;  in  1826,  six;  in  1826,  eight;  in  1827, Jour;  in  1828,  tm;k\ 
1829,  three;  in  1830,  <tw ; 'in  1831, /owr;  total,  fort^-seven ;  of  which 
thirty-thl-ee  were  built  at  Cincinnati,  five  at  Louisville,  three  at  New 
Orleans,  and  the  remaining  six  at  different  points  on  the  Ohio.    On  the 
lakes,  except  for  propellers,  hi^h-pressure  engines  have  now  comp'aiu-j 
ttvely  few  advocates,  and  within  the  last  four  or  five  years  very  few  ofl 
them  have  been  built.  f 

"The  highest  of  the  navigable  waters  of  the  United  States  is  LakeSn- j 
perior,  which  is  embraced  m  the  district  of  Michilimackjnac,  with  thel 
St.  Mary's  river.  Green  Bay,  and  the  Straits  of  Mackinac.  FoUowingl 
the  water-flow  from  this  district,  we  reach  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrenoe| 
through  Lakes  Huron,  Erie,  Ontario,  and  the  St.  Lawrence  river;  ai 
the  Adantic  coast  by  Lake  GhWplain  and  the  New  England  imprtvi 
ments  in  one  direction,  and  in  another  by  the  Erie  canal  and  the  Hm 
son  river.  , 

Tabular  statement  vf  steamers  on  the  rivers. 


Places. 


St.  Louii 

Memphia. . . . . 

^cksburg.... 

?»atohez 

New  Orlesna.. 

Nashville 

Evaniville 

New  Albanir . 

Lonurille 

Cinoiniiati 

Wheeling 

-Pitteburg.... 


Total. 


No. 


131 

3 

*6 


113 

18 


61 
111 

46 
112 


Tonnage. 


No.  officers, 
crew,  See. 


81,838 
450 
937 


34,736 
3,578 


15,1«5 

24,709 

7,190 

16,942 


2,340 

i& 

101 


3,958 
397 


1,913 

2,789 

651 

2,588 


Passengers 
carried. 


367,793 
34,000 
46,800 


434,000 
'24,340 


601 


235,661 


14,752 


270,000 

2,400,796 

243, 170 

466,656 


4,287,555 


ATcnpl 


In  order  to  show  correctly  the  currents  of  actual  travel  by  the  wa 

'Of  these  several  lines  of  interior  collection  districts,  with  the  local  nn 

mem^at  the  principal  port  of  each,  the  following  statement  of  the  sev 

lines  is  presented : 


linat  of  tnTel. 


1,  BytheBt.  Lawrence  and  the  lakes ..........  -■■ ......;..,  >^ 

9.  By  the  Mississippi  and  Missouri  riTon , .-. 

S.  By  the  Ohio  and  its  tributaries .' ; 

»  Total , 

I / 


AM 


CO 

III 

k 

Si 


il 


» 

i 


I- 

S 


I 


^ 


B 

m 

CQ 


i 

\ 

(? 

\ 

^ 

/ 

a 
k 

j-Ar..;]'^.^>AwV.ii'ri£^fi£.VA^jii?i 


i: 


lallof  thefeny. 

ines  have  at  ser- 

and  abaivobned. 

uilt  on  those  wi- 

in  1823,  one;  in 

in  1828,  two;  in 

-teven;  of  which 

le,  three  at  New 

le  Ohio.    On  the 

e  now  compaia- 

rears  very  few  rfj 

kates  is  LakeSo- 
ickjnac,  with  the 
inac.  Following 
of  St.  Lawrence] 
'rence  river; 
<ngland  imprti< 
nal  and  the  Hi 

c 

s. 


'aasengen 
carried. 

Avtngg 
diatam, 

367,793 
34,000 
46,800 

8 

434,000 
*24,340 

i 

270,000 

,400,796 

243, 170 

466,656 

M 

,287,555 

ivel  by  the ' 
th  the  local  I 
nentofthesevi 


' 

5amta 

pMMf 

. 

).6U 

m 

3,4ft 

5,86: 

■UHfiiJllWJwWtW 


fc^''^&^^4ll(ii' 


'Si' 


H-   Doc.  180. 


i 

5 

8 
1 

e 

e 


I 


iWl 

:: 

•I'^S 

■* 

f  "^^ ' 

* 

fi  '^i^  I " 

ra       ^     '  * 

B   jf  ' 

^tf 

-^  •-  ' 

ri'f"^ 

'*f 

^1  ♦'  "f 

'f  *r 

7        •  1 

/• 

!,,     -'^ 

.|M 


1^  /H 


;h:' 

■   'it 

li' '  •  ''^ 

-n 

ft'- 

^i' 

(!'•' 

1  *^ ' 

1  i 

i  III 

m 

W!,Z^\ti\f^ 


It 


788 


m  Doc  186. 


It  is  not  surprising  that  a  first  attempt  to  collect  and  embody  this  in- 

formation  shoSd  have  fallen  short  of  complete  success  at  att  pomts. 

ThTwo^der  is,  rather,  that  s6  many  facts  should  have  been  obtaine  . 

t    of  a  feUable  character,  as  are  given  in  the  preceding  tables.     The  de- 

*  ficiencies  are  few  in  number ;  and  had  more  lime  been  devoted  to  the 
coUecl  on  of  this  particular  class  of  facts  in  the  Cuyahoga,  M.ami,  and 
VkSurg  districts,  they  would  have  been  hardly  worth  mentiomng. 

There  are  several  centres  of  interior  commerce  and  navigation,  at , 
wWch  it  would  seem  of  interest  to  know  the  radmHon  of  trade  and  I 
tTavel,  as  shown  by  natural  and  artificial  channels  of  communicauon, 
and  tKoats  and  other  descriptions  of  conveyance  m  or  upon  them. , 
One  of  these  centres  is  at  the  head  of  the  Ohio  river,  another  at  the 
^t  of  Lake  S  a  third  at  the  head  of  Lake  Michigan  and  a  fourth 
orthe  Mississippi  below  the  outflow  of  the  Ilhnois  and  the  Missoun 
river'     The  heavy  commerce  that  centres  midway  of  the  Ohio  vaUc.J 
Though  reaching  up  the  Muskingum,  the  Wabash,  tje  Cumberland,  and 
the  MLSsippifby  natural  streams,  and  back  into  Ohio  and  Indiana  by 
frdfical  channellis  more  direct  in  its  mam  hues,  which  exten  to 
Sburg  in  one  direcUon,  and  to  New  Orleans  m  another.    In  the  fir  t 
and  last  of  the  four  districts  named,  the  number  of  boats  and  men.and 
Sf  amount  of  tonnage,  employed  on  each  of  the  several  streams  to 

•  whicrhe  trade  of  those  districts  extends,  as  wel  as  the  irauUM 
Tach,  are  shown  by  the  following  subdivisions  of  die  whole  number  off 
bpats  therein  severally  enrolled. 

Svbdivision  of  the  St.  Louis  diHrict. 


96 
S7 
88 
49 
3 
5 

131 


In  what  trade. 


I 

o  < 


I 


ToNewOrleani 

To  niinoia  river 

To  HiMOuri 

To  Upper  Miaaimippi 

To  Cairo 

Ferry-boata 


Tom. 

12,575 

4,627 

6,148 

7,038 

658 


31,833 


628 
412 
495 
716 
54 
35 


PreBsure. 


High. 


M. 


2,340 


Low. 


None. 


64,008 
48,799 
57,284 
140,822 
7,800 
49,080 


367,793 


1 


H 


\ 


x.,.....-i. 


[  embody  this  in- 
Bs  at  all  points. 
3  been  obtained, 
:ables.     The  de- 
n  devoted  to  the 
loga,  Mianii,  and 
th  mentioning, 
id  navigation,  at 
.on  of  trade  and 
communication,  | 
1  or  upon  them.  I 
r,  another  at  the 
^an,  and  a  fourth 
and  the  Missouri 
f  the  Ohio  vullei-, 
Cumberland,  and 
ioand  Indiana  by 
which  extend  to  I 
her.     In  the  first  I 
atsnnd  men,  and] 
jveral  streams  tol 
8  the  travel  upon! 
whole  number  off 


R 

s 

11 

Si8 

P 

1 

S 

^ 

a 

■< 

64,008 

48,799 

67,284 

140,822 

7,800 

49,080 

367,793 

a, 


'        H.   Doc.  186. 


790 


^71  Cincinnati                       /  Tons. 

16  Monongahela  riViV *•  451 

8   Youghiogen^  river. ^'  =i'« 

8  (Beaver  river..        I  294 

8/ Wheeling I  20.3 

3  Alleghany  river I  371 

3  Zane«ville..       I  334 

48  8tLoui,,N„i,-^--— ■  „  370 

13  Transient  boat.       '     ® "  ®'  ^l  7 

"  Coalateamers.. '.500 

11  Ferry  8teamer>     |  674 

I  594 


,  '''i^  main  trade  of  each  nf  ♦u       7~-  -^ Ll" 

i  third,  in  a  dSo^  •  '^-  '^"^^^  ^"^  Mic^''^  ^^}^  ^^hlg^n 
fmn  and  that  of  &  ""^^"^l^  ^^  ^«  co3^f  jT^ '  ^^  fi^m 
¥«tions  of  travpl  ?      "®  *'^"^-     The  noinL/llk    ^'^^^  ^"e  and 

Hn«^berof  na^^„'°^®"?^  only  to  incIuSf?^     ^^"P^  ^^  fol- 

^^M>  subdimion. 

Conveyance. 


•*t{v--. 


t        ••••••. _ 


'•'* 

'•^•A 


m.  ofjmmmgtn 
'    •mved  at  and 
departed    from 
BdAIo. 


167,861 

14,300 

,86,880 


Total. 


119,800 
AOOO 


1        M 

*  •■  k 


r 
<  ^ 


f 


•m 

•if 


m 


h 


740 


♦*• 


H.   Doc.  186. 

Chcago  ttAditiium. 


Connjuun. 


JBf  ordinary  ftouoet* ••• 

By  propelliSrt ...'.. '■ •• "■"• 

By  the  Galena  and  Chlcaga  Union  railroyl 

By  the  DlinoU  and  Mlchiian oanal /. -• 

Total 


No.  tf  panengwi 
arrived  at  urf 
departed  fren 
Chicago. 


81,960 

3,900 

71,253 

'42,770 


T>* 


199,883 


RECAPITULATION  AS  TO  TRAVEL. 


^o  and  from  St.  Lodir  . 
To  and, from  Pittsburg. 
To  and  from  Buffalo  .. . 
To  and  from  Chicago  . . 


Total. 


1,656,757 


Showing  a  recorded  movement  at  these  four  commercial  pentres 
the  interior,  (of  the  Jiforthwest,  indeed,)  of  om  million  six  hundred  I 
and  fifty-six  thou^md  seven  hundred  and  fifty-seven  persons  in  the  I 
course  of  a  year,  where  the  resident  population  is  but  217,946.  Nol 
fact  can:  better  illustrate  the  activity  m  our  peqjpile. 

By  the  national  ceAsus  fcr  the  year  1860,  tjie  population  of  each  ot| 
ihe  four  cities,  at  which  tliis  movement  is  shown,  is  stated  as  follows: 

St.Louis..... 77,860 

Pittsburg,  46,601 ;  with  Allegheny  city 67,862 

BufRdo 42,261 

Chicago...... ....,., 29.963 

■^^    Total  of ,  the  four  pommercial  centres ..............  217^ 


i.<^'' 


■■  I    ■    \ 


— ~-Ji'  Doc.  ( 


No.  ^puMngm 
arrived  at  ia4 
departed  fren 
Chioaco. 


186. 

.'88§8  :8  :  rg  :» o 

zj  -  .^     •<©  •«  I  •  •  •  «•• 


■Sv! 


199, 88J 


r* 

Number  of  p» 
■engen. 

466, 6M 
199,eB3 

-- 

l,656,n7 

jrcial  pentres  ofi 

ion  six  hundred  I 

persons  in  tbel 

It  217,946.   M 

ation  of  each  ot| 
ted  as  follows: 
.....  77,860 

67,862 

42,261 

29,963 

....,217,946 


742 


H.  iDoc.  136. 


••8 


-I 


jS  >• 


1 


1 


? 


i 


I 


<§ 


^ 


SmSS 

oto^- 

3« 


SOD  ro  op 
♦  r^-NO 

2  ^    » 


5 


SS8 
I 


ill 


sea 


s 


K 


s 


t 


Thetc 

the  lakes 

ended  on 

mate.   .B 

just  so  irn 

generally 

however, 

interested 

with  refen 

mentioned 

terious  dis 

A  list,  CO 

Ohio  basin 

duction  off 

beenprepa 

inasters  eve 

This  list 

ixNltS  80  losi 

thelen^boi 

depreciation 

I  struction.    ( 

l>y^iw,and 

The  IbUovi 

CtoaMk 


ILm  b^eolliiions 

Tb« 

I  The  losses 
Ikfsting  of  st< 
■ftference  to  Ic 
p  given  at  the 
|»eragelifeoffl 
purance  therei 
/he  history 
Wed  States  is 
|««»nal  advanc< 
^•ftyas  tbei 
'"•eOhioriv© 
^  "WJta  the  ye 

Ben  fairly  introd 

affiregatecan 

»mber  of  boats 

W  tons.    In 

Pl  this  numbej 


H.   Doc.  136. 


Ta 


The  total  amount  nfnrr^^.^     ,  *•* 

the  lakes  and  river«  Af^?^^  ^"«  «'«>wn  to  have  h^  a   \,       , 

■i^tion  oHu  vX'T'  ""^"S  when  W-iToiiSl    "''"?' 


Numbar  of 
boata. 


I     Tow 


ejsj 


of  value. 

•*•*  I  Jf,lOimO  I     3,733,858 
~5,n6,757 


Kiaall 


8>366,oa» 


Ale  losses  su8tain<>r]  tU^    l  ^ _ 

fcooo  ♦     ^^  wcreased  to  210  o^j   u      ^^°^  ^817  to  1834.  thft 

Rtia^iflli''?  --  i^^^^^^^  m„°f  "-"tot 
I  "wnoepiiad  been  increased  to  601.  waters:  in 


*r 


f 

5>  . 


11 


-I 


I*  K., 

,1*  /jS 


f.-' 

1 1 

M      1 

^fc 

w 

'  fit- 

T 

m* 

r 

* 

1  " 

il' 

ft,.  J 

L 

i'J 

It  '"I 


11 


744 


H.  Doc.  186. 


OflBcial  reports  nlade  to  the  Treasury  Department  in  1842,  stated  in 
detail  the  steambokt  tonnage  on  the  Mississippi  and  its  tributaries  in 
that  year.    The  following  table  shows  the  increase  from  1842  to  1851, 

Compamttoe  Btatemeat. 


Dutrktfc 


Ife^  Orleans 

Sunt  Louis. 

Cincinnati 

Pittsburj 

Louisv: 

Nashville.' 

Wheeling 

Vicksburg 


Total  .-i 


1849. 


28,153 
14,725 
12,026 
10,107 
4,618 
3,810 
2,695 


76,083 


Tonnage. 


1851. 


34,736 

31,834 

24,709 

16,943 

16,181 

3,678 

7,191 

938 

460 


136,660 


IncrMM. 


6,683 
17,109 
12,684 

6,836 
10,663 


4,696 
938 
460 


69,769 


Decreue. 


232 


232 


The  year  following  the  real  commencement  of  regular  steamboati 
navigation  on  the  waters  of  the  Mississippi  and  its  tributaries,  (1817,|| 
the  nirst  steamer  employed  on  the  upper  Jakes  was  built  and  launcbeal 
on  Lake  Erie.  In  1819  the  waters  ot  Lake  Huron  were  first  ploughedl 
by  the  keel  of  a  steamer,  and  in  1826  those  of  Lake  Michigan.  Inj 
1832  a  steamboat  first  appeared  at  Chicago,  and  in  1833  there  werel 
but  eleven  small  steamers  on  the  three  lakes  named.  This  date  may| 
therefore  be  Airly  taken  as  that  of  the  real  commencement  of  sb 
boat  navigation  on  the  upper  lakes. 

Ten  years  later  (February,  1843)  a  report  was  made  to  Congress  on 
the  number  and  tonnage  of  steamboats  ibmployed  on  those  waten 
♦♦from  January  1, 1841,  to  January  1, 1843."    Though  this  is  ava 
loose  way  of  stating  a  matter  of  this  kind,  and  does  not  give  the  I 
amount  of  the  steam  tonnage  enrolled  and  employed  in  either  on«  of  tl 
two  years  included — necessarily  overstating  it — ^yet  the  facts  thus  pn 
sented  are  used  for  the  purpose  of  comparing  them  with  those  no^ 
ascertained,  as  showing  correctly  the  steam  tonnage  of  the  year  wh  ' 
ended  on  the  30th  June,  1861. 


'^A^S'> 


ft. 


'iVlC^^Ur-:. 


i- 


H.   Doc.  136. 

Comparative  Statement. 


745 


Comparative  Statmmt, 


9      ■* 


'  m 


tnihkejofthe  United  State. 

a.'^'y- j°  ■?.v;;:l 


i'teriorofthe  United  States.! 


Number. 


164 
^53 


318 
765 


ronnage. 


69,166  87 
«7,96rJSi 


67,601  81 
204,726  la 


I  :>'•> 


746 


H.  Do(^  186. 


The  cost  of  steamboats  on  the  lakes  and  rivers  of  the  interior,  varies  I 
from  eighty  to  ninety  and  from  pinety  to  one  hundred  dollars  per  ton. 
TaJsing  the  lowest  price,  which  is  that  attainable  in  the  Ohio  basin,  asj 
the  standard,  we  have  as  the  original  value  of  the  204,726H  tons  of  I 
steam  tonnage  engaged  in  the  transportation  of  passengers  and  thef 
carrying  trade  on  the  lakes  and  rivers  of  the  United  States,  for  tjiel 
year  ending  June  30,  1861,  an  aggregate  of  sixteen  million  three  hun-j 
dredand  seventy-eight  thousand  dollars;  an  amount  of  capital tliati 
goes  entirely  out  of  existence,  and  has  to  be  re-invested  every  three  ar-"' 
a  half  to  four  years— the  period  of  the  "natural  life"  of  a  steamboat* 
the  waters  of  the  interior.  • 

This  fact  indicates  very  cjearly  the  immense  extent  of  the  employJ 
ment  provided  and  of  Ae  material  consumed,  in  keeping  up  the  stf-' 
tonnage  of  the  United  States  to  the  standard  required  by  the  travel  i 
trade  of  the  country. 


|n 


Jo 


I 


I 


^4^^  ■ 


i  interior,  varies 
dollars  per  ton.  I 
;  Ohio  basin,  ajj 
)4,726i|ton8ofl 
lengers  and  the! 
d  States,  for  t{ie| 
illion  three  huo-l 
:  of  capital  tiiatl 
every  three  i 
fa  8teamboat( 

:  of  the  emv 
ng  up  the  I 
>y  the  travel ) 


■*v' 


748 


V. 


••3 


u 

5 


H 


<n 


i 

i 


■St 

6-C 


a3 


i 


n 


a 


I 


a 


2 


a 


I 


s. 


s 


J 


s 


H*  Doc.   186. 


9  :  :   8 


s: 


"cS  :« 


SS 


CO"* 


M 


S 


CO 


e« 


Si 


h  this  table  w 
"i  their  tonnagi 
in  the  wee 


Boata. 


684 
652 
430 

1,656 


i  built  prior  to  ] 
ilostbydisaste 


1  on  boats,  as  p 
i  on  cargo 

Total  loss . . 


|ftlie765  steam-ve 
|Mes,  and  601  on  tl 
^Je  aggregate  toni 
f  204,726  tons,)  69 
^  the  rivers. 
F*e  J64  steam-vess 
Fpellers,  and  7  ar« 
[Jeeoi  steam-vesi 
'«  are  ferry-boats, 
"average  tonnage 
««pted)  is  437  toi 
eavenjge  tonnage  < 
hcepted)i8  23|^ 

'[average  tonnage  oj 

te  "  19*  to  each 
'15*  to  each. 

;;^era^  number  of 
'^^enwaetoeach 


.Jiji 


H-   Doc.  136. 

h  this  table  we  find  at  tK  "^49 


RECAPITULATION. 

built  prior  to  1849 

'«.'.ydiaaa.e„(„;;;tyiij--;;;... ^^^^ 

736 

Js  on  boats,  as  per  tables  ^^"""^ 

is  on  careo  . .  * .  ^ 

,      ®      «5,643,791 

Totaiross 12,698,529. 

18,342,320 

6BNEKAL  AVEHAQES.  ===== 

^,y )  is  4^„,.  ^  "^  ««™.ve,«b  on  4e  lake,  (fe„,. 
BSTerage  tonnage  of  nil  ^u  •'^ 

kSfl"  "^  """^        ««am-ve»sel,  oa  4e  river,  (feny. 
F8veragietonnaireoftb#.««i-  "^ 

Ey£p«pel£^^  _ 

----^rr^»-»-o^^j^e„ 

P.  ,        . 


19^56  Hi  Doc.  189; 

fraction  undo-  26,  and  those  of  th^  Mississippi  valley  averting  a  frac- 
ixou  over  26. 

The  7  steam  ferry-boats  enrolled  on  the  lakes  measure  0o6|t  torn; 
the  43  steam  ferry-boats  enrolled  on  the  rivers  measure  4,177ff  ions. 

Of  the  668  ordinary  steamers  on  the  rivers,  317  are  enrolled  in  th( 
districts  of  the  Ohio  basin,  and  241  in  those  of  the  Mississippi  v»Uey. 

Of  the  167  ordinary  steamers  and  propellers  on  the  lakes,  31  arf 
enrolled  on  Lake  Champlain,  the  St.  Lawrence,  and  Lake  Ontario;  6( 
are  enrolled  on  Lake  Erie;  and  60  at 'Detroit  and  on  the  lakes  above. 

Of  the  43  steam  ferry-boats  on  the  western  rivers,  31  are  in  theOhii 
basin,  and  12  in  the  Mississippi  valley. 

A  remarkable  equality  is  found  to  exist,  at  the  present  time,  in^tl 
<iistribution  of  the  steam  tonnage  of  the  interior  among  the  several  lile 
of  navigation  heretOTjre  specified: 

The  line  of  the  St.  Lawrence  and  the  lakes  has  69,166|i  tons  of  ii 

The  line  of  the  Mississippi  ivalley  has  67,967H  tons  of  it;  and 

The  line  of  the  Ohio  basin  has  67,60lH  tons  of  it. 

The  17,607  persons  employed  on  the  sleara-vessels  of  the  interior, 
officers,  crews,  &c.,  are" distributed  as  follows: 

On  the  lakes  and  the  St.  Lawrence-  -  -  -  v- - '^<^ 

On  the  Mississippi  river  and  its  tributaries 6,414 

On  the  Ohio  river  and  its  tributaries - .  .8,338 

The  tabular  views  of  vessels  lost  on  the  waters  of  the  interior,  sk 
a  total  loss  of  118 — 76  on  the  riyers,  and  42  on  the  lakes. 

Of  this  whole  number,  35  were  lost  by  tempest,  31  by  fire,  19 
collision,  and  33  by  snags.  All  the  losses  on  the  rivers  were  of 
olass  of  boats  denominated  "ordinary  steamers"  in  this  report.  N( 
all  the  losses  on  the  lakes  were  of  sail-vessels,  schooners  and  brigs. 

The  losa  of  lives,  as  shown  by  same  tabular  view,  amounted  ti 
total  of  695  for  the  year— *28  on  the  rivers,  and  67  on  the  lakes.  J 
statement  is  probably  under  the  truth,  except  as  to  the  Cincinnati 
trict,  which  is  thought  to  have  more  aswgned  to  it  in  the  table  to 
real  proportion  of  the  fatal  calamities  of  the  year.  But  this  infonntf 
is  always  difficult  to  obtain,  and  can  hardly  be  had  in  an  entirdT 
liable  form  without  a  more  determined  and  longer-continued  eiirt" 
■was  possible  in  the  present  instance. 

t  ObAnD  RB8ULT. 

The  entire  steamHoaarrae  of  the  United  State*,  employed  on  tte^ 
and  in  the  interior,  separate  and  combined^  is  shown  in  the  fono 
tabular  view^  with  AiB  aggregate  toiOi^  thereof,  the*  total  nwa 
persons  ei^aged  upon  the;  satoe  as  oracert,'  creWi  tes..  and  the 
imnAer  oF  pweeiigeri,  <HatiiiKut»b«ig  betw^wn^  thestv  coot^ 
ferry-boats  and  those  coftireyed  upoaflteaBhvessels  of  all  other 
^ons. 


^  i>oc.  186.  \  :      'f^"  ' 

^^^  States  suani^rine.  ^^  f 

y-— _^ g       »    f 

I  officera,  *^««wng«r«»        • 

,     _, ^    .     ^       High.  W.  '^^'  '    I     ,>0 

'■laamera I    rco  /  I  1  I  ^  'f 

' ! -____LJ^   I    ''*|      50  j      5.861,845  •      IM^WM. 

RECAPITULATION. 

»ofU«UmtedSute»-i„terior..  212.500  91  ^f  WMj' 

iw. ■ i~— I!L]  ""*''"''*         -lltf^^' 

^'390       I       417.226  08  "'1111' 

'^•'  Hi 

JByfer«y.b<«te.(    Byall^  11  flllj' 

—  J  j  'team-TeHela.  '*  t^ma. 

"•'OtteoMtdkkuMi .71  ~~"       I 

•rflfceinirtor-aiTidon  j     ^'^**'"«|        4,097,910  if^Wf**** 

3%mi07r~7^^,  L  |l|U|t|j 

K  ..J     '  '^■hhR 


}4^  » 


1  _ 


75^  H.    poc*  186. 

MARINE    DISASTERS  ON   THE    WESTERN   WATERS   IN    1862. 

The  annual  statements  of  marine  disasters  on  the  western  rivers  andl 
kies,  during  the  yeajr  ending  December  31,  1862,  exhibit  seriomj 
results.  On  the  rivers,  78  steamers  have  been  lost:  48  of  which. werel 
snagged,  16  destroyed  by  explosions,  4  by  fire,  and  the  remaining  loj 
by  various  other  mishaps,  such  as  collisions,  vvTecks,  &c. 

By  these  disasters  464  lives  were  lost. 

In  addition  to  the  above  losses  to  the  steam-marine  on  the  rivers, 
there  were  lost  4  barges,  73  coal  boats,  32  salt  boats,  and  4  flat-b 
The  aggregate  loss  of  property  attending  these  casualties  is  not  ascerJ 

tained.  c  r^  \ 

On  the  lake  or  northern  frontier,  the  annual  statement  of  Captain  Gj 
W.  Rounds  exhibits  the  loss  of  life  for  1862  at  296,  and  of  property  a 
$992,669.    He  recapitulates  the  losses  as  follows:. 

Amount  of  loss  by  collisions : 1261,1 

Do.  by  other  casualties -  - 730,701 

Amount  of  loss  by  steam  vessels  has  been 1 > . . .  638,62( 

Do.  by  sail do do 359,^ 

'"        Do.  by  Amer'n  do do 907,1 

Do.  by  British   do do ....     (%Vi 

Amount  of  loss  on  Lake  Ontarioby  Steam  .......    $49,350 


Vo. 

*  ' 

Do. 
Do. 

Do. 
Do. 

Do. 
Do. 

Do. 


on. 


do. 


.by  sail 29,589 


on  Lake  Erie,  by  steam 643,470 

do by  sail 197,830 

on  Lake  Huron,  by  steam 16,000 

do by  saU 63,600 


on  Lake  Michig^,  by  steam 


800 


do. 


by  sail 78,020 ' 


78,S 


741,3 


69,( 


24,« 


on  Lake  Superior,  by  steam 

Of  the  229  disasters  here  detailed,  7  occiiR^d  in  the  month  of  ^ 
19  in  May,  24  in  June,  16  in  Jvlj,  16  in  August,  21  in  September, 
in  October,  85  in  November,  (66  in  one  gale  of  the  11th  and  12th,) 
16  in  December.     Six  steamers,  7  propdlers,  and  36  sail  vessels  1^ 
gone  out  of  existence  entirely.     In  many  instances  the  amount  of  If 
as  above  stated,  have  been  matters  of  estimate,  as  many  must  nee 
rily  be;  but  much  pains  and  care  have  been  taken  to  procure, jn 
case,  the  opinion  of  competent  men  who  were  most  mmiliax 
circumstances.  v 

Thege  statements  show  the  whole  number  of  lives  lost  on  the  w 
Teater¥in^852^oha^e  bera:  "^"^^-^ — ^"^ — ._== 


On  the  rivers. 
On  the  lakes  . 


Total. 


; 


7S8 


The  city  of  New  fV.  ^^""^^^^a^a. 

s's«'Ppi  river,  about  lo"n    "',  ''  '^'f^afed  on  fho  I  a  u 

nortA  and  Jong,'tudc  90o  ^''"'  ^^""^  i^s  mouth  infV^"'^  °^  ^^e  Afis- 
the  Ohio;  1,149  /,    ^",  S  West.     Jt  ,„  ar!^^"'.!^  JatUude  29°  57/  q^St 

»  year  ore  devote.!  to  1^','',""'  '""OmZt  l         '  "''"'''emiy 

'earners  may  leav^  I     "^fgnitude  of  wh  eh  h       '  ""^  ^"^^^  trade  iT 

tt^are  flanked  on  pTh'*'^^'"^  ''"^k-     The  M.?- "^^^^^^^  of  sevS 

^rist.  whether  fbe  7?^^"^^  ^  '^---st  t^ttSC?^^^^^  « 
JsfapJes  of  the  vallev  .^  ,'  '''''■"'  o^  cotton  ^f.  ^^''^^^  of  the  aim. 
^  Orleans  are  ]3'  • ''^  ^''^  ''eceipts  of  each^^f  ^'^  ^^^  P^ind- 
«»ly  channel  deSL'""'-^«rg-    HerctolC^^  Th'^"""  P'-^'i"^  i 

;^«portati6noLot^S?/ndsu^''"^"-^^  to7"^^r      • 

«[.  to  market,  and  thni  l^il     T'*'"'  Produced  at  ^  rvl'    °  facJitllte 

^'"^s  wiir  not  W  r   "^""^^  ^^^  ^^a  ofmthlf-   ''^^"^«  fr^^  the 

?  j  wealth  o7e  ZSuT'V'''^  ^^rCetZ  '^^  '^"^^ 
*«heap  transit  to  fhS;":'  ^ut  the  consf Sj'^;^^  r*^.  anj 
«iintenfltDlant*.r<,T  "y^^'^ven,  will  not  onKTk      °^  railways  for 

^^bmion.    hZ  .r""''  "^^'^^  is  eminent    1^*^  ^^^  ^Sth 
«  <^otton  aod  4  '  t    ^"^^^  ^^P«t  of  the  3fc  t^^  °f  exchange   . 

/»^  "advanced'' Sn'T ''^^^"gh^^^^^^^ 

'^«  trade  with  Texa?£''''P^^^'^^ly  if  necesi^    iTt'^^  '^^  i"  the 

JH"  export 3,^«^-o,  '-^J^i  the  GuJf^;  ^'^^--'ao  an  ex- 

•Dpanying  tSiles      sL   u^^,  ^^^ts  will  be  fuNv  .^      "  ^^  ^  ^^rr 
"■^Ohe  vaW^  '^^l' besides,  a  W  l!^"^^"^ted  by  th^ 

,t^^  acquisition  of  Clir     •    ,  ^"°^^ "  generally  byfts 

NotherS;i,^';^-J^tivei,npo^^^^^^^^^^ 


J 


*- 


,"> . 


V 


If,' 


IM 


H.  Doc.  IM. 


In'  ■ 

<1^ 


-T~K-* 


'••I 


befoi«      The  Atlantic  cities,  but  ptuficularly  New  York,  have  received 

moa£«f  tue  California  trade  and  commerce,  owing  to  the  estabhshment 

of  linea  of  extensive  oceon^sttiomers  via  Panama  and  Nicaragua,  and 

the  toany  steams,  and  clipper  and  other  ships,  engaged  in  si^ch  tradt' 

from  those  ports,  sent  aroun5  Cape  Horn.    Sanguine  expectations  arc 

entertained  in  New  Orleans  of  the  favorable  results  to  that  city,  in  re- 

soect  to  the  Pacific  trade,  when  the  Gulf  or  Tehuantepec  route  is  opened, 

either  as  a  route  of  passage  for  shipd  by  canal  or  a  route  of  transit  by 

railway.    Doubtless,  these  anticipations  would  be  realized ;  but,  at  tbe 

same  ume,  the  advantages  of  sucli  route,  it  is  believed, -would  accrue  I 

in  an  equally  favorabh^degree  to  the  Atlantic  ports.    The  capital,  shij). 

ping,  and  seamen,  suppUedby  those  cities  to  the  whahng,  Pacific,  China, 

ind  East  India  trade,  could  not  r?adily  be  transferred  to  New  Or  eanJ 

even  with  the  great  advantagcs'such  route  would  aflord  that  city.  As  the 

recipient,  however,  of  the  vast  and  inestimable  resources  of  the  Missis- 

gippi  valley— which  natural  adyantage  can  never  be  destroyed  by  arti-l 

ficial  communications  from  that  valley  to  the  AUanUc— New  Or  eajuj 

wiU  maintain  its  rank  as  one  of  the  largest  commercial  cities  ol  the^ 

^°To 'present  some  of  the  advaflJlS^s  enjoyed  by  New  Orleans  as  i 
commercial  city,  the  foUowing  extracts  are  made  fi-om  an  aitictepub 
Ushed  in  De  Bow's  iJcj;»cu;  in  184G,  prepared  by  the  present  Assistani 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  William  L.  Hodge,  esq.  Mr.  Hodge  W 
been  for  many  years  a  resident  of  New  Orleans,  intimately  and  pej 
sonally  connected  with  the  business  interests  of  the  city,  was  fully  coH 
petent  to  do  justice  to  the  subject  wliich  hie  has  discussed. 

Mr.  Hodge  says:  . 

t-  'f  No  city  of  the  world  has  ever  advanced  as  a  mart  olx^JommpR 
'^^th  such  gigantic  and  rapid. strides  as  New  Orleans.  / 

"  Her  commercial  life  may  be  said  to  date  after  the  cessioti  of  Loui 
iana  to  the  United  States,  in  1803,  as,  previous  to  that  hjitkoiffloercew^ 
*  insignificant;  and  yet,  in  this  sh^  period  of  about *! 
already  ranks  as  the  fourth  city  dtthe  world  for  tl 
value  of  her  commerce,  bdng  exceeded  only  by 
and  New  York.    The  foreign  importations  of  Na\y  York  gready  mmI 
t^e.qf  New  Orleans ;  but  if  the^  whol6  of  the  foreign  and  cor" 
tre^'of  both  ports  are  taken  intd^ew,  it  might  be  a  pnatter  of  i 
v^l^jii^e  6i#,  and  possibly  the  vaiue  of  merchandise  that  enters! 
le^i'l^BHillf'U^I^C  ^^  Mississippi,  is  not  fiiU^  equal  to  that  wh 
en^l^Hi&^lBandy  ftook.    At  any  rate,  if  it  is  not  now,  it  will 
a  v^^W^i^  J^ot  oid»MBqgal  but  exceed  it,  and  place  New  Orl^ 
the  ffi^9^t»k  of  thc^B^ercial  cities  of  the  world.    •     *     , 
"13be  fifties  and  iconvenience  of  transacting  business  at  New 
leans  are  fiiUy  equal  tq,  and  in  many  respects  superior  to  those  of 
other  place.    It  is  the  centre  of  imthense  exchange  operations,  and  ( 
amount  of  fiinds  can  at  all  Umes  be  obtained  at  the  shortest 
""under  good  letters  of  cretEtTlmdbms  negotiated^  with  great  readj 
and  facility  on  any  prominent  point  in  the  United  States,  or  anjroti 
commercial  cities  of  western  Europe;  and  the  banking  institution 
ford  all  reasonable  accommodations  to  the  local  wants  smd  *^ 
the  cily.      ^  ^         .  .  ^    -»  ', 


r(i& 


*'•  Doc.  130 

c«;i^Ss^rS^"'^'^«  '^  «how  more  aol...v,  ^^ 

in  oriM^^Tr^^'  '^«  site  of  th^  ,^     ■  ^"^  aJJuvial  ^il  of  t  „  •  . 

Jth^clty.     Out$id^e  of  f}.r.  "'*'  '■'^er  below,  and  „         '''f  '^«w.'  ex^ 
.u^.'  which  in  x„4  nW  '^'  ^^^^^f  ZrS^T'  t*^^«  ^W 

hank.'  and  the  water  tadft^  '^'  "^^'^  What  ;r"n"^^  ^"vkJ 
lease  the  levee  is  adC£     .     ^  encroaches  nn  tl   i  "called  'a  Gdlin^ 

Ned  and  shipped.     Thlju''  """^^  ^"^^  of  mX^Zt"". ^^^  ^ater, 
h  massive  pile^fd.-'^J^^^^^^  • 

■^•"^  over  the'  river  "„^"1^  ^^-^  ^n^n  ^^Sto  thet^ '/^^  ^'^^      ' 
west  steamboats  and  Ih-        ^''^^''^  -^«fficienilv  1      '""'''  ^^  ex- 


ated  ah/>i,» •     .*'"> 


/thick  p^^nrnr  tlrl'  '°P«'  ^^J  o„Th:W  '"^T'  ^'^^^herZ 

H  the  whole  surfafeSn'  T  '"  ^^^«  minxes  aftl't '''^^"tices 
[merchandise.  These  'u  ^  ""^^^^  ^"^^ition  to  rece.V  *¥  ^^^^iest 
Ncrown  of  the  Wee  .^  "'^^  "^  ^^  planked  r , ^°^ ^^^^^ription 
^d  solid  by  a  eon«     '°'"^  P'^^^s  150  to  2on  f  ''^  ""'^  ^^^^/ioS 


'.-•- 


"^ 


•  'siir 


ffl 


■  »e  levee,  and  exte');™  »  broad  coiimon  «»2.       °*"' """e, 

K«  "le  very  o^a*  «.  "i- •    to^fiow  to  thos*.  ,«k 

r^«  iigM^es^Mia^WnvenieX^t.^^^"^^^       to  sfcip^ 

h°*"^"«inetthari?^*  ^^  '"'"Facticrblet  1  71  "^^^^^^  ^^ 
Hence  and  ehorml,    ''''^''^^tei  in  the  cifv  .f  *- ^^"^'^  the  vaS' 


!      '■ 

r^ 

i 

( »-.' 


&i-'Ms>'«.i  I 


gljg^ 


.// 


*«»  •».: 


709 


H;  Dob.  136. 


continued  aiJvancement,  Mr.  Hodge  proceeds  to  predict  the  future 
Seamesg  of  this  depot  of  the  commerce  of  the  Mississippi  valley  and 
Se  Gulf  of  Mexico.  He  alludes  to  the  despatch  given  to  \he  discharge 
.<tf  steamers  and  other  vessels,  and  then  passes  to  the  question  whether 
New  Orleans  wiU  probably  retain  her  immense  trade,  and  how  she 
wUl  be  affected  by  the  constant  augmentation  of  population,  and  the 
inevitable  development  of  the  resources  oi  the  mighty  West.  But  as 
Sele  speculations  with  respect  to  the  future  of  New  Orleans  have 
been  for  some  time  past  in  a  rapid  course  of  realization,  it  is  considered 
unnecessary  to  reproduce  them  here. 

The  tables  herewith  exhibited,  presenting,  somewhat  in  detail,  the 
commerce  of  New  Orleans  at  different  periods,  will  show  that^Ir. 
Hodge,  in  his  most  sanguine  predictions,  did  not  over-estimate  the  effect 
whici  time  would  produce,  tUugh  the  facilities  he  then  enumerated. 

The  following  table  will  show  the  value  of  some  of  the  principal  ar- 
ucles  imported  into  New  Orleanfi  from  the  interior,  at  several  penods, , 
during  the  last  ten  years : 


Artidee. 


1851-'52. 


Apples  ;^  J .'i,- 

Bacon , -  -  -  •  • 

Bagging... 

Bale  rope 

Beans 

Butter 

Beeswax 

Beef - 

Buffalo  robes , ■ 

Cotton - 

Corn-meal 

Com 

Cheese 

Candles 

Cider 

Coal,  western 

Dried  apples  and  peaches 

Feathers -°i  -  - 

Flaxseed 

Flour 

Furs 

Henq) 

Hides 


1845-'46. 


1841-'42. 


"JHay.  rr^ 

iPig  iron. 

^  Lard 

/  Leather  . 

'  Lime  . . . 
Leftd . . . 


$61,068 
6,348,622 
780,672 
677,040 
65,980 
411,628 
7,696 
669,667 
96,600 
48,692,222 
7,462 
1,790,663 
263,643 
323,616 
900 
426,000 
4,020 
72,276 
6,190 
3,708,848 
1,000,000 
267,236 
247,374 
160,3eg 


1,860 

3,926,846 

189,300 

62,881 

880,832 


$63,660 
1,671,866 
917,710 
266,061 
66,340 
203,680 
64,000 
680,784 
66,706 
33,716,266 
9,762 
1,666,181 
114,784 
31,383 
406 
131,400 
2,134 
116,176 
6,684 
3,770,932 
900,000 
309,800 
136,496 

37,906 
2,729,381 

61.760 

8,387 

1,982,087 


$46,2741 
621,912| 
783,99l| 
443,14 
21,98 
60,57a 
10,981 
86,51^ 
166,10 
24,425,U4 
7,52 
367,4 
37,! 
14,3 
3,3 
65,2 
3,9 
10,4^ 
9,5 
2,198,4 
260,0 
18,11 
33,4 
65i 
7,(J 
1,138,9 
16,9 

1,063,J 


'i%w.  . 


■edict  the  future 
3sippi  valley  and 
to  the  discharge 
[question  whether 
le,  and  how  she 
pulation,  and  the 
y  West.  But  as 
!W  Orleans  have 
I,  it  is  considered 

bat  in  detail,  the 
1  show  that  Mr. 
istimate  the  effect 
?n  enumerated. 
r  the  principal  ar- 
t  several  periods, 


184i-'42. 


$46,2741 
531,9121 
783,99l| 
443,14 
21,981 
60,d7S| 
10,981 
86,51^ 
166,10 
24,425,U4 

367,4 
37,9 
14,37| 

3,3 
56,2 

3,9 
10,4S| 

9,a 

2,198,4 
260,0 

18,11 

661 


7,0 

1,138,9 

16,9 


fi-   Doc.   130. 


7&r 


Molasses 

Oats ;_; ; -  -i    $4,026,000 


Onions 

Oil,Jinseed.. 

Oil,  castor 

OiUard..._ 
I  Potatoes . 

Pork .'.■; 

Porter  aud  ale 
Packing  yarn., 

jStins,  deer 

Skins,  bear.. 


I  Soap. 
jStaves 
pugar 


347,454 
34,3G8 
19,708 
120,148 
395,192 
456,190 
5,250,541 
4,060 
14,651 
24,950 
240 
67,600 
15,924 
278,122 


Spanish  moss ." ." ^  1  '827,350 


Tallow 

Tobacco 

Twine 

[finegar 

ni^key 

Jindow-giass". 

Wat... 


er  various  articles,  esl 
liinated .  ' 


Total. 


34,976 
26,140 
7,196,185 
18,^28 
652 
1,097,640 
48,127 
129,836 

5,500,000 

108,051,708 


^1,710,000 
202,0391. 
13,958 
31,780 
45,201 
49,514 
160,587 
3,666,054 
1,270 
5,900 
87,280 
960 
■   49,648 
9,082 
147,654 
10,265,750 
8,832 
148,590 
4»144,562 
4,404 
;   675 
9^6,832 
11,324 
807,572 


«450,00a 

337,969 

66,676 

10,67^ 

183,300 


1,542,467 
4,112 
4,552 
32,194 
2,500 
51,240 
5,796 
35,000 
3,600,000 
12,192 
76,065 
3,699,160 
10,790 
1,563 
360,070 
11,044 
337,215 


5,Oipo,ooo 

77,193,464 


The 


3,000,000 
45,716,045 


'=»«:."^^vtr 


valuation  of 


property  from  the 


W-'62             ,  *, 

.'61 «108,051,708 

-'60 106,924,083 

-'49 96,897,873 

l7-'48 81,989,692 

jff-'—f  79,779,151 

90,033,256 


1845-.'46 

1844-'45 ^77,193,464 

1843-'44 57,199,12» 

J842-'43""lvL gO»OH71fr 


1841>'42. 


53,728,654 
45,716,045 


1,063,^ 


-ife 


758 


H.  Doc.   180. 


:StatemeiU  thotoing  {he  value  of  exports  and  imports  at  New  Orleans,  anw- 
aUy,/rom  1S34  to  1861  inclusive. 


Year. 


1834.. 

1836.. 

1836.. 

18^7 . . 

1838 . . 

1839 . . 

1840 . . 

1841 . . 

1842.. 

1843.. 

1844.. 

1846 . . 

1846.. 

1847 . . 

1848.. 

1849.. 

1860 . , 

1861. 


Valua  of  exports. 


Domestio  produce, 
Ac. 


$22,848,996 
31,266,016 
32,226,666 
31,646,276 
30,077,634^ 
30,996,9^6 
32,998,069 
3a,866,618 
27,427,422 
26,663,924 
29,442,734 
26,841,311 
30,747,633 
41,788,303 
39,360,148 
36,967,118 
37,698,277 
63,968,013 


Foreign  mer- 
diandim. 


$2,797,917 
6,006,608 
4,963,263 
3,792,422 
1,424,714 
2,186,231 
1,238,877 
1,621,866 
968,763 
736,600 
1,066,673 
1,316,164 
628,171 
233,660 
1,617,229 
664,649 
407,073 
446,960 


Total. 


Value  of  imporb, 


^ 


$26,646,912 
36,270,823 
37,179,828 
36,338,697 
31,602,248 
33,181,167 
34,236,936 
34,387,483 
28,386,175 
27,390,424 
30,498,307 
27,167,466 
31,275,704 
42,021,963 
40,967,377 
37,611,667 
38,106,350 
54,413,963 


$13,781,8091 
17,619,814 
15,113,265 
14,020,012 
9,496,808  j 
12,064,9421 
10,673,]  90| 
*  10,256,3221 
8,O31,190| 
8,170,015 
7,826,75!^ 
7,345,010 
7,222,941) 
9,222,50( 
9,380,4 
10,050,69 
^  10,885,77^ 
12,958,2 


JStatement  of  the  receipts  on  accdunt  of  duties  collected  at  New  Orleans  fm 
1836  to  the  SOtkfifJune,  1862,  inclusive. 


1836 
1836 
1837 
1888 
1839 
1840 
1841 
1842 
.1643 


$961,366  86 

1,422,341  03 

694,132  70 

726,447  76 

1,227,131  19 

1,143,322  31 

862,268  90 

883,234  86 

386,696  29' 


$867,131 
1,218,435  1 
988,973 ' 
734,578  I 
2,115,219 
1,666,845 ; 
1,961,8591 
2,319,370 
2,282,082 


iw  Orleans,  anna- 


Value  of  importi. 


12 
123 

i28 
•97 
J48 
L67 
)36 

1:83 

L75 
124 
307 
165 
704 
963 
377 
667 
360 
963 


$13,781,809 
17,619,814 
15,113,265 
14,020,012 
9,496,i 
12,064,942) 
10,673,190 
*  10,256,322 
8,O31,190| 
8,170,01! 
7,826,755 
7,346,011 
7,222,94] 
9,222,50j 
9,380,43S 
10,050,68 
10,885,77^ 
12,958,1 


t  New  Orleans  fro 
ive. 


$867,131 
1,218,435 
988,973 ' 
734,578  I 
2,115,219 1 
1,566,845 
1,961,859 
2,319,370 
2,282,082 


^ 


H.  Do<*.  136. 

MOBILE,   ALABAMA. 


Mobile  is  situated  on  a  bay  and  river,  hearing  the  same  name,  just 
at  the  point  where  the  latter  enters  the  former,  and  about  thirty  miles 
from  the  entrance  of  the  hay  into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.     It  is  in  latitude 
30°  40'  north,  and  longitude  88°  2V  west.    The  city  is  on  the  west  side 
of  the  river,  distant  from  Pensacola,  -Florida,  55  miles ;  from  New 
Orleans  160  miles,  from  Tuscaloosa  217  miles,  and  from  Washington 
1,013  miles.     It  had  a  population  in  1830  of  3,194  persons  ;  in  1840, 
of  12,672;  and  in  1850,  of  20,513 :    showing,  from  1830  to  1840,  a 
duplication  about  once  in  five  years,  and  from  1840  to  1S50,  a  rate  of  j 
duplication  once  in  about  sixteen  years.     About  forty  miles  above  the 
city.  Mobile  river  is  formed  by  the  junction  of  the  waters  of  the  Tom- 
bigbee  and  Alabama  rivers.    These  latter  are  both  navigable  for  stemn- 
ers,  and  a  portion  of  the  distance  for  vessels.    Steam  navigation  on  the  j 
Tombigbee  extends  to  Tuscaldosa,  Alabama,  and  Columbus,  Missl*- 
sippi.    Vessels  requiring  five  or  six  feet  draiight  of  water  caii  ascend 
to  St.  Stephens,  about  ninety  miles  from  the  bay.     The  Alabama  river 
is  navigable  by  steamers  to  Montgomery,  three  hundred  miles;  and  byj 
vessels  drawing  five  to  six  feet,  one  hundred  miles,  to  Claiborne.         | 

Mobile  bay  is  about  thirty  miles  in  length,  with  an  average  bre&dthl 
of  twelve  mdes.  The  principal  channel  from  tlie  gulf  has  a  depth  otj 
eighteen  feet  water  at  low  tide,  and  on  the  upper  bar,  near  the  moulhj 
of  the  river,  there  is  about  eleven  feet  at  low  tide ;  and  eighteen  toj 
nineteen  feet  at  high  water.  Owing  to  this  fact,  vessels  of  heavy  draught,! 
when  laden,  have  to  proceed  to  sea  at  high  tide.  'The  tonnage  registeredf 
and  enrolled  at  this  port,  in  1840,  was  17,243;  in  1841,  it  was  15,714J 
in  1846, 22,537  ;  :md  in  1851,  it  was  27,327  tons.  The  tonnage  cntere< 
and  cleared  from  and  to  foreign  ports  m  those  years  was  as  follows: 


Years, 


1841 
1846 
1861 


Entered. 


Tons. 
60,648 
77,190 
66,^84 


Clewed. 


Thns. 
83,276 
97,051 
121,266 


Total 


Tons. 

143,8^ 
174,24 
176,94 


The  region  of  coimtry  around  Mobile,  and  flankiiig,  Mobile  river 
its  variojus  affluents,  possesses  a  soil  of  the  most  fertile  character,  whici 
being  reduced  to  a  high  state  of  culture,  must  look  to  Mobile  as  tl 
depot  for  the  shipment  of  surplus  products,  as  well  as  the  en<repy< J 
all  foreign  supplies,  or  necessaries  not  produced  in  that  section.  Tl 
fgrft  nf  thft  country  is  ]evnl,  and  remarkably  adapted  to  the  cheapj 


tsruction  of  railways.    It  will  be  seen  by  reference  to  page  337  ofl 
report,  that  this  feature  in  the  topography  of  the  country  has  not  be 
overlooked,  and  that  several  very  important  lines  of  railway  are  alreaj 
under  coutract,  and  in  progress  towa4:d  completion,  which  must  larga 
increase  the  commerce  of  Mobile,  nbt  only  with  the  surrounding  coil 


\ 


same  name,  just 
bout  thirty  miles 
It  is  in  latitude 
5  on  the  west  side 
liles;  from  New 
i-om  Washington 
ersons ;  in  1840, 

1830  to  1840,  a 
^o  1S50,  a  rate  of  i 
miles  above  the 
ters  of  the  Tom- 1 
rigable  for  steam- 
[iavi«ation  on  the  | 
Jolumbus,  Missis- 
vater  caii  ascend  I 
be  Alabama  river] 
d  miles;  and  by 
Claiborne. 

average  breSdihl 
If  has  a  depth  ofj 
,  near  the  moulhf 

and  eiglitecn  toj 
of  heavy  draught,! 
onnage  registerei 
1,  it  was  15,714;! 
e  tonnage  enterei 
as  as  follows: 


Mobile  river 
character,  whici 
I  to  Mobile  as  t} 
as  the  entrepot 
hat  section.   Tl| 
to^the  cheapxoj 
apage337ofl 
[itry  has  not  bei 
lilway  are  alrenj 
hich  mtfstlargJ 
surrounding  coif 


,«r«-'«tB„-eai„.    p,,„^^_ 


Other  foreign     U  Sf»f        I 
'       ports,   n    ^-S'ates.         TotaJ. 


ewed. 

Total, 

1 

Vans. 

T»«. 

1 

33,276 

143,8«. 

J7,051 

174,24H 

21,265 

176,9d 

i 

•  Bales. 
307,513 
250,118 

168,  m  I 

230,836 
228,35>9 
13],  156 
206,772 

269,037 

204,242 

3W),089 

185,414 


Bales. 

95,917 

46,  005 

■■«,  973 

63,290 

61,812 

39,293 

66,821 

68,789 

49,611 

53,645 

49,544 


Bales. 
27,048 
26,  ;J73 
11,927 
44, 525 
29,070 
19,784 
20,824 
52,8ll 
18,885 
26,903 
6,919 


ice   of J 


Bales. 
144, 626 
96,029 
111,452 
140, 993 
120,350 
1J6,  674 
115,164 
130,601 
195,714 
1J3,668 
77,  mi 


Bales. 

575, 104 

418,525 

325,541 

539,642 

439,.'-,«l 

306,907 

415,681 

521,238 

465,462 

479,245 

319,038 


!^.,!?^^"^,«"t  exhibits 


"Wvated  durir  .i,    ^^"^y  ^^"^e  evidenc 

t  «^  !^^e  rcfst^--^  ^-'  P^semed  ^ ?«»  °^  the 

^  opening  of  the  Si     ^^^  ^^'nniunicaiinn  ^'^^  '^  «  cor- 

*«  «ports  of  cotton  ^iri^''  T  ^°"bt  TraZ  "^'J  ^  "^^rket. 

'?  of  staves,  JuXr      i*^  observed.    BeSlS^^'^"^!  increase 

'^    The  bus  nl  ; '  ^"^  "^^al  stores  are  .?^  '  ^''"°"'  «  ^^ 

^'^a^foCsT  "^  ^^^^«  ^<i  ^"^KduEl'T  ^°'>S^ 

5  ine  last  three 


I 
4  < 


I  I' 


Atfelet, 


\-"' 


i.'s^»;s(5^j^~i*'« 


^e2 


H.  Doc.  186. 


a,»fc^^  Aamine  the  avanCity  <of  some  of  the  principal  articles  of  imports 
^in1^^  itfoSS  Aig  the  L  Jife  years  end^ng  August  31. 


1862c 


Articles. 


•Bagging.. 
Bale  rope . 
Bacon. .•■ 
Coffee  — 

.  Com 

Tlour 

Hay 

Laid 

liime • 

Molassea.. 

OaU 

Fotatoes. 

Pork 

Rice 

Salt 

Bngar  — 
Whiskey. 


1852. 


17,012 
16,585 
11,500 
28,538 
83,380 
74, 
.26,852 
22,481 
31,027 
18,095 
20,985 
22,014 
15,589 

1,491 
154,351 

6,083 
15,597 


1851. 


30,402 
30,926 
16,637 
25,236 
98,086 
95,054 
,143 
20,021 
23,745 
23,673 
29,121 
16,248 
23,949 

1,832 
128,700 

6r634 
28,868 


1850. 


1849. 


24,901 
22,460 
9,269 
18,928 
79,038 
70,570 
23,189 
10,562 
19,322 
18,042 
12,429 
20,243 
8,016 
1,387 
154,183 
7,760 
21,440 


29,200 

26,679 

6,482 

26,104 

25,573 

52,311 

17,470 

8,044 

21,155 

10,647 

15,290 

19,041 

5,282 

1,169 

131,273 

5,528 

17,895 


1848. 


The  total  value  of  the  foreign  imports  at  Mobile,  during  the  lastrt 
years,  may  be  seen  by  the  figures  annexed ; ^ 


■  Years. 


1862- 
1861. 


Value  of  imports. 


Duties  eoU 


$701,918 
440,404 


Increase., • 


261,614 


$i3i; 


34,i 


This  shows  an  increase  of  about  ^^^^y  per  cent  in  one  ye^^^^^ 
c^ainly  very  handsome,  and  augurs  well  for  the  future  prospecte 
Mobile  in  the  direct  import  trade.  ^^v,.  nnri   nerb 

The  nresent  may  well  be  termed  the  railway  era;  and,  perM 
Ihe^  is^nro"pla^e  in  the  whole  confederacy  likely  to  expene 
Se  benefits,  inLoportion  cto  its  present  population  from  «.^^ 
Movements  than  M^bife.  The  railways  now  "^  F^F^^;' ^^^^^^ 
It  that  point,  must  constitute  her  the  entrep6t  of  foreign  supplies 
very  \axRG  extent  of  country.  •  ,  i 

¥he  linexed  table  wUl  show  the  tonnage  entered  from  ^dclea 

^^r^PrtsTmth^lstrict  of  Mobile,  d«rmg  a  long  jm^  . 

from  1826  to  1861,  inclusive.     For  reasons  explained  else^erM 

tonnage  cleared  best  exhibits  the  amount  engaged  in  the  expon  u, 

ofthatxiity. 


'H    •,.»: 


articles  of  impojti 
nding  Augutt  31, 


1849. 


1848. 


S9,&00 

27,275 

26,679 

27,011 

6.482 

11,3» 

26,104 

26,415 

25,573 

21,506 

52,311 

33, 0» 

17,470 

11,79 

8,044 

10,91- 

21,155 

9,891 

10,647 

\b,k 

15,290 

13,18 

19,041 

29,  l» 

5,282 

11,59 

1,169 

i,a 

131,273 

70,7 

5,528 

7,t! 

17,895 

21,31 

during  the  last tw 


torts. 

DudeaooDMtet 

18 

$131^ 

14 

34,9 

I  one  year, 
future  prospects  j 

era;  and,  perb 
likely  to  experia 
ition,  from  such  I 
rogress,  terminal 
reign  supj' 

i  from  and  clea 

vftfv  gprif*ft  01  V€ 

lined  elsewherej 
in  the  export  f 


764 


H.  Doc.  136. 


.FlORIDA. 


\ 


The  geo-raphlcal  position  of  this  State,  the  peculiar  procluoUons  to  I 
^vhich  its  dimate  and  soil  are  adapted, ^ts  extensive  seacoast,  and  nu-l 
me  ous  rivers  and  harbors,  an^its  valious  and  valuable  resources,  and 
Specially  its  important  relatiO^  in  respect  to  the  commercial  and  nay-, 
i^^Tiltereksof  the  other  States,  render  a  particular  notice  o   u  « 
Ihis  report  peculiary  appropriate.     Communications  addressed  to  the 
unders^nerby  citizens  of  t\iat  State,  in  response  to  notes  rcques|.ngm.| 
formatbn  for  such  notice,  are  pubUshed  herewith:     Some  «f   hd  d.. 
ments  accompanying  these  letters  are  appended.      The  iniormatoD 
S,n"lined  in  these^  letters  and  documents  In  relalion  to  the  internal  im- 
provement  of  the  State,  and  of  its  rivers  andliarbors,  to  its  production 
Ld  resources,  and  its  present  trade  and  commerce,  and  that  anud 
mted,  is  so  copious  that'  it  is  ndt  deemed  necessary  to  make  any  addi 
Eons.     Though  these  papers  are  voluminous,  and  Oiough  there  are  mat 
ters  mentioned  in  them  not  directly  pertinent  to  the  object  of  the  red 
lutions  of  the  Senate,  under  which  tliis  report  is  made,  and  notAvit 
standing  the  undersigned  may  not  coincide  with  the  mtelligent  wntei 
S  rfspects  as  to  some  matters  they  refer  to,  yet  it  has  been  coo 
sidered  just  to  them,  and  to  the  State,  not  to  exdude  any  part  of  he« 
A  paper  respecting  "Mc  GJ/o/ Mmco  «ni  &ra./5o/lfor«fa,  d 
parej  cliiefly  Lm  notes  and  data  furmshed  by  an  intel  igent  and  dd 
linguished  officer  of  the  engineers,  and  a  map  made  by  the    Coa 
Survey,"  to  accompany  that  paper,  arc  also  hei^with  publi^lied, , 
beincr  of  general  tmd  national  interest,  and  especially  to  the  trade,  m 
merce,  and  navigation  of  the  United  States.  ,,.,.,        , .. 

As  stated  in  the  papers  now  pubhshed,  though  Florida  can  fum 
amble  and  superior  materials  for  ship-building  Irom  her  mexhausib 
fofU^,  but  few  vessels  are  built  in  that  State;  and  m  tact  most  ol  th(^ 
employed,  and  even  most  of  tliose  owned  m  Florida,  are  owned  ai 
navigated  by  citizens  originally  from  the  northeastern  btates. 
business   of  wrecking  on   those  dangerous  coasts   and  roots  is 
pursued  principally  by  the  same  class  of  persons,  now  residentso 
keys,  anj.other  residents,  emigrants  from  the  BaJiamas.  who  ha  e 
come  citij^ens  of  the  United  States,  and  by  Cuban  Spamards.   lu 
also  be  observed,  that  intelligent  F^sons,  acquainted  with  thjB  suta 
have  suggested  that,  upon  a  rigorous  exclusioa  by  the  British  impe 
and  coital  governments  of  our  fishermen  from  just  participation  m 
northeastern  fisheries;  the  latter  may  find  «»  ^<>««  ^\ ^^^,^3 
tremity  of  the  Union,  resources  for  sundar  employment,  eq'jaUyF 
ble  to  them,  and  as  advantageous  to  the  confederacy ;  and  th 
realization  of  such  prediction  may  injuriously  affect  the  trade  jndini 
ests  of  the  British  colonies.'  One  great  advantage  of  the  souAm 
cries  irt.  that  they  may  b^  carried  on  throughout  the  year.   Su^q 
-"lion^S  oc<;i$ktion  of  our  hardy  eastern  fishej-men  from  theiisM 
now  used  by  them  to  those  appurtenant  to  the  State  oi  tlonaa,y 
also  be  accompahied  by  a  large  i^creas^of  the  vessels  bu^t  n 
State  by  mechanical  labor  now  employed  in  the  eastern  i^ffH 
'  businefe.    The  injurious  effect  upon  the  similar  mterests  ot  the  ^r 
colonies  can  readUy  be  anticipated,  and  particulaiy  when  it  is  m 


||*:w 


«e  papers.     Doubtless  JC  "'T^'y  »ntl  co4nt  v T  '.   '  ,  ''^  Ravine 

^  at  the  two  no  ms  7  ^"  '^^  ^-^^ensive  foS  ?^"*^"^«d  for  ^ 

^gjof  inferior  Ce  '  t'^^ff '  "^«  ^ompS  f ""'  "«^  '"  Pro- 

«.  by  operating  fro^  k!  ''^?^^' '"  ^^^eTvt '    ^J  "^^^  ^««£i«» 

^rFcuRar  Poi^^tion  k.  ''^i,^^^^  and  ibm  thn^^''^'^^^  ^'^^^  na- 

"^ofFioriSa,  and' tt  Pent'  '''""t^^"  -i  t  ^o^frM^^^"^  ^« 
'fiom. the  depredations  o?'''  '""^^^">  coas  of  thi  r/^'T^^'the 
le  more  generally  subl.v  .''?V''^^«J  enemy  wj''  ^"'^^^  States, 
»««  voyage  that^Iarl  'f  *'^^"^  ^^'ling-vJjselffh  "  i'*"^"'-^  ^e- 
jsco,  andfurther  sonfP  ^''^^^  fr^m  Ariantir  rlw  ■''?^  ^^  cir- 
[frooghthe  ''WinrL""''*^^'*^"^^etC^^^^^  theGfifof 
Rjand  around  Caprlr-'"^''"  ^"d  gSn1h5""\P^««-ge, 
Ned.  thereby  savin?  /"^T"'  ^^'^^  boSndfm"  /i^  ''',"^^  ^^^^  of 

Wwd  i^provemlT,    r  '?"'  '""^h  Points     SjT  ^"""Sas.  and 

"'passage  bva  mnoi  -lehuantepec  shnnU  u        *  Nicaragua. 

J       -ar  to  the  two  p,4s  deS^n'ited  ^-.^^^  of  pr^^^^ 

"»ngst  the  topics  refcr     i      •  ■  "^"^  *^e  immensely 

»^igecrBecomes  on^  ,„,.^i.  Jh,^"^  decrease  of  thZZ^^ 


^'AU,' 


-./- 


W1 


766 


^ia.  Doc.  is<r. 


\    Reflection  upon  the  suggesUons  just  adverted  to,  and  olhers  con- 
tained in  the  letters  respecUng  Florida,  annexed  hereto,  and  the  acr 
Smpanying  statistical  data,  sl^ws  how  clo|ely  blended,  and  mUmately 
interwoven  with  each  other,  are  the  interests  of  the  «»o  V«"«°/e  Bee- 
tions  of  this  confederacy,  and  how  strong  the  bands  are  by  whch  the 
perpetuity  of  our  glorious  and  happy  Union  is  secured. ,  H  the  interest 
of  ine  kind  of  industry  in  one  section  are  assailed  and  injured  by  for-l 
eign  ilhberllity.  there  soon  opens  in  another  part  of  th's jas  emMea 
Jw^ld  for  employment  ot^^a  congenial  character,  to  which  lhat«,o 
Sultry  can  be  profitably  applied.     And  they  show  tha  ,  ujpon  fh^, 
crease  of  an  important  arifcle  of  commerce,  and  valuable  for  use^ 
whole  country,  the  enterprise  and  ever-ready  inventive  talent^of^ 
countrymen  soon  find  new  and  fully  commensurate  means  of  supply 
the  necessities  of  civilized  life  and  the  wants  of  commerce.    A  cheai 
substitute  for  the  product  of  distant  seas  is  obtained  from  our  lUimitabl 
and  exhaustiess  forests,  and  new  employment  in  its  procurement  - 

"^Thl^suggestions  in  the  paper  upon  the -«' Cotton  Crop  of  the  Unit 

States,"  appended  hereto,  andin  relation  to  the  va^pabdiUeso  t^ 

region  of  \his  continent  designated  therem  ^s  the^^atmZmJ 

vet  but  partially  developed,)  and  as  to  the  effect  of  the  tncreasedp: 

duction  of  that  highly  important  staple  upon  ^he  destinies  of  this  « 

tederacy,  deserve  deliberate  attention  and  reflection.     This  topic 

been  heretofore  alluded  to  in  this  report,  but  it  is  deemed  proper 

publish  the  fuller  staUstical  data  in  relatiorf  to  cotton  afforded  by  fl 

paper,  compiled  from  the  best  authorities.     The  mfluence  of  he  mi 

ests  of  that  region,  and  of  the  commercial  and  navi^ting  intereste 

other  sections,  based  upon  and  connected  with  it,  is,  m  the  conduct 

the  government  of  this  country,  conducive  to  the  preservation  of  p 

Vith  other  nations,  and  especially  with  those  nations  that  afford  pi 

able  markets  for  that  product.     The  restramts  imposed  by  se^inte 

upon  those  foreign  governments  which  must  look  to  sucli  products 

the  means  for  employment  of  several  niilhons  of  manufacturing  lal 

ers,  and  hundreds  of  millions  of  capital,  and  as  the  basis  of  their " 

mercial  prosperity,  from  heedlessly  engaging  in  disputes,  or « 

into  collision  with  us.  are  much  more  powerful  and  eff^cUve  m  Ae. 

ervation  of  amity  than  treaty  stipulaUons,  however  formally  and 

^°Th^eTet''ui^  'tables  show  the  value  of  all  our  domestx  ^ 
to  foreign  countries,  for  the  last  ten  f^^^' f„^«,  jj^oo    f/g 
the  annual  average  value  to  be  about  $126,683,000.    Ut  tfle^ 
south  and  southwestern  States  (being  the  region  before  men^n 
the  "Cotton  Zone")  have,  in  the  same  period,  exported  upwai 
$661,767,000  worth  of  cotton,  being  an  average  arnopnt  of  WM  * 
in  each  year;  and  it  is  estimated  that  upwards  of  $40,000,00"   « 
anmipllyus'^d  for  home  consumption,  and  for  manufacture  ipthe^ 
"states  for  exportation.    The  aggregate  amourft  «^POf^^  r* , 
iST,  of  the  c^s  of  cotton  of  1848  and  1860,  f -eeded ^o  thH 
miUions  of  pounSs;  and  the  avads  of  die  exports  of  the  crop  °J 
amounted,  ^ne,  to  $1 12,316,317.     The  same  t^ibles  show  AejJ 
tion,  exportation>  and  home  consumpUon  of  ncej  and  other  proouc 


■  H.*Doc.  186. 

o,  and  others  con- ■thereon referred  to     Th  ^  ^  '^ 

lereito,  and  the  acr  ■  »  foreign  countries  rh.«fl„  k  ^PV^^  Mississippi,  or  wPBf««,  c.  . 
ded.and  inumat^^ljualavpageof^riat^^^^^^^^ 

3  most  remote  sec-lStates,  is  less  thSn  «27  nKnnP^^"''^^^  ^"r the  IsLttenv^       r    ^^  ^■ 
,  are  %  vrWch  the|«rried  to  foreign  cSnV'^K^^\  Mo«t  of  all /h^^f  °  ^f'^' fr«jn  all  the 
•ed.  .If  theinterestjiuKl^astem  Stales  ami  '?  ^^A'"^'-'^^"  vessds  ownp.S'^- ^'^^"^^  ^ 
and  injured  by  for-i^ction.    The  r^um  "1?^^^  ^?  ^'"^^'-^    eCrL';^*';?  ^^^^ 
r  this  vast  empiteaij-cu,  a,*  cluefly  ob".W^?f!l'-P"^^^^««d  with  the^2./^™.*'^^««»« 
r,  to  which  lhat% 
that,  upon  thf^^' 
luable  for  usejjiK, 
entive  talent/»6f* 
means  of  suppl^i 
immqrce.    A  cnea] 
I  from  our  illimitabli 
its  procmeraent 


lereto,  and  the  a(vl»  foreign  countries  chiefly  brSTJf''''^^^^^^ 
ded,  and  mumate|y«jual  avpageof  the  last  exl^r,?o"S'P'"«^^^^^ 

N™  heart,  that  ,h° "h  T"  i'''^"  ">ing»  insnire  i„ 

fk  infinite  and  varied  rJr^f       .^  °^  ^oremn  foe<,      tj        l    °*^^^ 
^of,  and  impreSle7r  ""^^  t'^'^'^  Statf?  render  I  ^^  •  ^?^  ^^* 
«rcial  or  otherTdusfrin?  ""^  ''•^''"'  ^^^  abJad  t'\n^'"'  '"depend- 
.tnctions,  or  /rSS  ^T'^'  ^  '"'^-^  -aSiT f^^^^ 
8  means  and  abilii v  /.?  .     .  H  '^^«^  that  we  havp  wf.l  •    P*'^'*'^^* 
dthey  also  show  Lm?'  '"^  counteract  ^v  Ind  n ^nr^^^^*^' 
pros^rity  of  olcomi."  P'""^^™'^"  of  our^uS  t/"'*'^'^*^ '' 

|%Dear  Sir:  In  reply  to  vour  mn,  •  ^^^shington,  1852. 

hon  of  that  merchandLe    1       '^'^P'"^  employed  in  the  t™ n  ^ 


Crop  of  the  Unitw 
Stcapabililies  of  tl 
^9^Volton  Zm,"(. 
ifthe  hjcreasedpro 
lestinies  of  this  c  ' 
on.     This  topic  L 
is  deemed  proper^ 
itton  afforded  by  t' 
ifluence  of  the  int 
ivigating  interests 
is,  in  the  conduct  j 
preservation  of  pe 
ns  that  afford  pro. 
josed  by  self-inteHi 
[  to  sucli  products 
manufacturing  W 
le  basis  of  their  cc 
disputes,  or  con 
i  effective  in  the  pi 
er  formally  and  i 

)ur  domestic  ei^ 
bout  $1,258,332,( 
3,000.  Of  these 
tl  before  mentioned 
exported  upward^ 
mount  of  $65,1761 
>f  $40,000,000  is  rf 
lufactureinthellnj 

expdfiei  in  18» 
xceeded  two  thoi 
J  of  the  crop  of  1 
bles  show  the  pn 
and  other  proam 


'i-i»3 


h'r: 


the  kind  of  goods  shipped  coastwise ;  and,  of  course,  nothing  even  ap- 
proaching  to  the  correct  value ,  can  be  ascertained  from  the  outward 
manifests.     Perhaps  the  m6st  valuable  cargoes  shipBed  in  American 
ports  aro  those  by  the  packet^ships  to  N^w  Orleans,  from  Boston,  New 
York,  and  Philgdclphia,  and  I  have  no  doubt  that  some  single- cargoes 
are  not  unfrequently  worth  one  million^of  dollars,  and  that  lialf  a  mil- 
lion is  a  very  comihon  value  for  them.     Some  four  year^  since,  one  of 
these  Boston  packets— a  vessel  of  1,000  ton^was  missing,  and  con- 
siderable  anxiety  was  Telt  tor  her  safety,  jmd  from  the  inquiries  made 
as  to  the  amount  of  insurance  effected  on  her'cargo,  and  the  ascertained 
value  of  some  of  the  heaviest  invoices  by  her.  it  was  pretty  well  usmA 
tained  that  her  cargo  was  worth  $700,000.     When  it  is  recollected  that 
the  entire  supplies  of  the  States  on  the  lower  Mississippi,  and  a  large 
portion  of  those  for  the  States  higher  up  th^it  river  and  its  tributaries,  are 
repeived  through  that  city,  the  magnitude  of  them  may  to  some  extent  be 
.  appreciated.  The  value  of  goods  Arriving  at  New  Orleans  from  the  Ainer-f 
ican  AU^ntic  ports,  1  should  think  woold,  at  a  low  estimate,  be  at  lead 
fifty  millirins  of  doUars;  but,  in  order  to  be  perfectly  on  the  ^afesidein" 
this  respect,  I  ^vUl  estimate  at  that  sum  all  the  supphes  thus  received  t 
all  the  6ulf  ports,  including  New  Orleans.  Mobile,^ Pensacola.  St.  Mark^ 
Appalachicola.  and  all  the  ports  of  Texas.  ,      ,     ♦  cr.  J 

The  value  of  foreign  importations  at  New  Orleans  is  about  fifteed 
milUons  of  dollars,  and  for  the  otlier  j)orts  of-the  Gulf  not  less  than  fivj 

iriillions  more.  nvT       /^  i  r    n  .u 

Very  correct  statistical  details  are  kept  at  New  Orleans  of  all  thei 
ceipts  of  produce  from'  the  interior,  wiUi  thequanUty  of  each;  and i 
annual  statement  is  published,  with  the  estimated  value,  based  lipontf 
.-current  prices  of  the  year,  approximating,  probab  y,  as  near,  or  mod 
'    near  to  flie  true  value  thtin  such  statements  usually  do.    Thes6  st 
meats  show  that  the  value  of  this  pMuce  annually  received  at  NeJ 
Orleans  fi:om  the  interior  ranges  from  ninety  to  ninety-five  mUlions  I 
iloUaxs;  and  allowing  ten  milhons  for  the  local  consumption,  it  woul 
leave  eighty  to  eigh^-five  miUions  of  d<^axs  as  the  annual  value 
the  ejporf  trade  of  New  Orleans.  \^  . 

MobUe  exports  little  but  cotton,  and  thelv»«age^eipt  of  wb^ 

there,  is  about  600,000  bales,  worth  at  present  prices  abotrt$22,000,lW 

The  Exports,  including  cotton  from  the  ports  of  Florida,  and  those  Ird 

Texas,  may.  '^^  the  aggregate,  be  safely  placed  at  ten  miUions  mo 

.showing  a  total  of  exports  from  the  American  ports  on  the  uuii 

about  $116,000,000.  \        'h  ^,  i     j„„«„tpJ 

Upon  the  above  data,  then,  the  JWlTementpf  the  merchandise  epteri 

and  leaving  the  American  ports  of  tlie  Gulf  will  be  as  foUows:      I 

^      .       .    _  ,  • $20,000,(1 

Foreign  imports g^OOO,! 

Coastwise  imports - 115  OOOd 

Exports ....  >.  * 

Makfn    atotalof    ....j --- 185,000,fl 

as  tht  afgregate  value' of  the'merchandise  shipped  and  receiveJ 

ThJvf^not  at  hand,  for  reference,  the  record  of  shipping  amj 

m 


f^r 


:     H.  Doc.  m.  _^ 

J  Stwi  the  ocean  at  New  Or]  '    "         ^        -tVv 

M«".  pom  oT'K"ku':^^""-«y  P-»-   to  aTff  / 
Inade  up  in  rounH  fliinn„       •.    ^  Mexica     AJt}inii,vk  .u-        "^^"^  ^"G 

E-j.  four,  wtrlo  ;z™v"^V  "^^^^^^^^ 

Mo<«erecorrf.  „/     .      journals  and   nnV„  '.    y'"'">  the  daily 
mfv.lM^'.u"  """""S  «  the  Cec°  vS"  •n.portation., 

.  ^^^  t^"ly  and  sincerely,  \ 

P'  l>HWor,FB  ANZ.HEWS,  Esq.  ™-  J^-  H6pGE. 

J  —  \-' 

60 


;JJ 


o 


^' 


770 


H.  Doc.    186. 


Letter  from  the  Hon.  E.  Carrington  Cahell. 


City  of  Washinotok, 

House  of  Representatives,  August  29,  1862. 

Dear  Sir:  I  cheerfully  comply  with  the  request  in  your  favor ofth 
lOthlhst  to  furnish  you  memoranda  of  the  works  of  internd  improvd 
mel  ailfor  t™e  imp^^ement  of  rivers  and  harbors  heretofore  unde 
Sken  in  Florida,  ancf  which  it  is  anticipated  are  to  be  undertaken  bj 
^aeZr^  government,  or  by  the  State,  or  associaUons  m  i  ',  andj,  J 
wL  as  to  the  general  resources  of  the  State.  You  can  use  these  notef 
r^^y  manner  you  please  in  your  forthcommg  report  to  the  Tr« 

Sr?is  not,  perhaps,  any  State  of  the  confederacy  that  can  be  moil 
benefited  by  the^  construction  of  judicious  works  of  internal  improv 
ment,  and  by  the  improvement  of  its  harbors,  than  Florida.  Thirty.), 
S  Sve  e^lapsed  since  the  provinces  of  East  and  West  Flondawa 
S  wssession  of  by  the  Umted  States,  under  the  treaty  of  cessd 
ctclurdTnTsig.  V  works  of  internal  improvement,  except  t| 
"King's  road,"  in  East  Florida,mnd  a  short  and  small  canal  H 
coml  ed)  near  Lake  Okechobe,  and  De  Brabme's  surveys,  in  1 
&cTwere  commenced  by  the  British  or  Spamsh  governments  whij 
the  pTovLes  were  under  the  control  of  either  of  those  powers;  a 
since^Jheir  transfer  to  the  iJnited  States,  various  circumstances  k 
combined  to  retard  the  development  of  their  valuable  commercial,, 

rJcultural.  and  other  resources.  «    »»    i     .l  tA 

TKrtifications  then^near  Pensacola,  that  at  St.  Marks,  Ae  forJ 
St  Aucustine.  and  an  old  defence  caUed  Fort  George,  near  the  mol 
of^tS  St.  Johns,  were  all  the  f"il"ary  <ie^nce^^ 
existing  in  the  provinces  at  the  cession.    The  United  States  have  sj 
estabufhed  a  navy-yard  and  works  for  the  repair  of  vessels  of  ^ 
and  erected  other  torts,  and  built  a  naval  and  marine  hospital  near  rf 
ZZT^e  building  fortifications  at  the  Tortugas.  and  at  Key  W 
Sd  ne'ar  the  mouth  of  the  St,  Mary's  nver  an£have  gacedjjef 
St  Augustine  in  good  condition;  but  no  other  part  of  the  extenave 
expo^ef  S  and  seacoast  of  the  State  is  in  any  degree  forufi   J 
^nhereVoper  preparations  made  for  the  construction,  at  an  earij 
^.^^  o^sucfideLces.    The  enUre  Atlantic  and  Gulf  coast  oj 
S^edStatttmp'^sain^^^^^ 

mUes.  and  of  this  extent  the  coast  and  reefs  of  Floridavlirj  St.  Mi 
around  the  Tortugas,  to  the  Perdido,  comprise  upwards  of  1,2W  m 
e^Zd^oye^^l^^tnde  and  7*°  of  longitude ;  ^g  more  than 

third  of  the  whole  coast.  f 

Within  afew  years  past,  our  -cocut  survey"  has  ^ef "  .^^^ 
bill  with  meagre  and  inadequate  appmpnations,  not  at  all  in  ju^ 
portion  either^e  necessitierof  ;the  work,  or  to  theam^nts  ^ 
for  such  surveys  in  other  secUons  less  important  to  the  whole  co« 
No  canal  or  rilroad  has  been  constructei^by  the  federal  governs 
fS;  but  the  expenditure  of  a  few  thousands  of  doUars  {whdstl 
ida  was  a  TeTTiton/)  for  the  removal  of  obstructions  in  some  o| 
rive«  a^d  haSrs/iid  for  two  or  three  partial  surveys  of  imp 


3SSk 


i* 


^-  J)oc.  136. 


routes  of  a  national   h  *        o.  7'M 

made  in  the  SemK       "^^  ^^  theimmeiSpi    '  *?°'  ^^^  unjustly  re! 

««^  «ed  in  that  wS'bvT"'^.  impositions,  pSr^'^"'^"«  «>^  a" 

Utc.t«en8oftheState^T^^y^«ofthefeC^^^^^^    ^od  frauds 

<ln  to  impute  to  her  peotl 'T^^'-  ^^^«  We  f  J^^"'?^"^  though 

.  W  for  ,1ts  protraS  fi^  '^^  P"^P«sed  oriLaln   r  f^°"«  ^u- 

kndreds  of  men,  wome^  .S'^t'.,^'^^  tlW  butcSTif '  .l"^  ^^^^stated 
"terrain  broughl  up^^a^v  t^^"'  thro^ghouTth/q??"^^^^  «^ 
l»fficient  to  pro%e  the  M^tJZ?l  ^^'  ''"i^ens  bv  Saf  !/       ^'  .^^^  *^« 
jated  or  countenancS^  '^'^^^"^^tion.     TholtT  u"«^'  *°  ^« 
of  Florida  have  not  Si!""!'  Hl'^^'-upulous  sInni!!,r_l^o  Wproo- 


fted  or  c^i^enanVe/'^^f  ^^^^--^^^^^^^^^    %^^  ^\r,  oughtTo 
PPlorida  have  Swh  '"'t  ""^^'-^PuCshnwT    '^  "^^^  ^«^e  pro, 
[any  citizen  of  the  Sj^J"  challenged,  exli,?^''  ^f ^"«t  the  p^opl 
1^  United  _States!  tZ^T.^'^l^^'^  PnyS'o?  Sl^-^  !« -i 


hny  citizen  of  he  StarT  "^^^^"geS,  ex  "  sed"  "f ^"^^  ^^e  p^;X 
Kunited  States,  lunl^  "^^'^^^  P«yS  o?  ^^^j  ^^^  in  wffih 
U  and  of  the  feSl  ''^  ^'^"^'  «nd  the  ^^.j?/  ^"'"^"d  «g«inst 
fores  of  Floridian7h,v.lP^^"^^"ts  wilj  veri^ "T^  ^^f  ^s  ofCon- 
M  on  the  mo.?  frif  f  ^^^"  ^^^^sed  pavmfn.^r*''^  declaration  that 

If  attempts"avet?^""'r^«^t«  andX^rediMl!?''  "^^^"«'  o^P^.t 
t  belong  fo  Florid.  ?  ""r^  «  «ny  instlS  K'^^^^l-'^^Pi^ions, 

Wdi  stitjtiee  ""^'t/'ol  theTd^raJi^er^^^^J^ng 

•^  w  LTo?X°riv'""'i^"r  ^«  ^^^^ 

■session  of^w^-hL  n  ^  5  ®*-  John's,  in  S  p/^^^V^^tine,  and 

*»  ceded.  w:?it,::'edtllf  i^"^«  «"-v4S°"fe?"  ^'^  ^^ 
for  tracts  of  sevZTfk"''  ^"tish  and  E*;  t,    •  ?  terntories, 

'^.anainoludinrlofh     v'  '^  *^«  ^est  side  of /^^' f^^*"- 
"""nds  of  acres  pnn?-^  '"^  °^  ^^e  city  of  Ad«I.  i,  •^  Wacbicok 

_'»rd8of  sixty  mSes  from  i"''^"*'«nd  Dog  isw"*  ^''^  adjacent 
[•pwards  of  one  mm!  *^^  ^o««t  into  the  inf^wl  '  ^^  reachinir 
hhich  had  not^i°"  '^?  hundred  tlSnd  °  ^^^^^ed  an  aref 

J'^'^gas,  and  fhl?>     ^P*"*  *«  the  Duke  of  !i      "^^^  »» the  con- 
|'^of^essionS°""K  '?*'^""«n  Ro«^os  cLh  f  °'/^^  C^e^ah^r 
L*il  to  tCS  *^^"^  '^^^^^-tedTrnd  r£^^^ 
Ntbegram..  g'  ^^..^tiH  claimed  bv7hr^!?°"g^ '^"uMed 


I*'       J'      ■ 


1 

l^ 

r 

1^ 

K' 

1 

i 

t 

ii^ 

/^■' 

l^lfr^*' 


* 


112 


fL  Doe.  186. 


r^  ' 


sections  to  below  28°  (N.  L.)  off  the  peninsula,  was  effected  ahout 
iSTui^Serle  treaty^  made'  with  the  chiefs  at  Camp  Moultne  J 
1823     Though  this  measure  opened  a  large  portion  ol  the^count 
to  setdementf  and  when  adopted  was  generaUy  commended,  exp 
rLnce  h^  proved  that  ik  was  iryudicious  policy.     It  has  been  the 
Sc  c^use  of  subsequent  troubles,  and  of  great  sacnface  of  hteim 
Srooerty  by  d^e  peop\e  of  Florida,  and   of  immense   expenditure 
ra^edeml  goLLent;   tlie  responsibility  for  which,  as  befor 
stoted    has  beeS  most  unjustly  attributed  to  the  inhabitants  of  tij 
S^e  '   T^e  measure  referr^ed  t'o  has  put  back  the  State  at  least  afiftj 
of  a  century.    Four  large  bands  or  towns  of  Indians,  located  on  M 
Apalachicota,  remained  there  till  1834,  when  they  were  removed  peacj 
abV,  in  conformity  with  treaty  stipulations,  to  the  Indian  territory  wd 
of  &e  Arkansas.    In  1836  the  Semiiioles,Miccossukies,  and  othertnM 
(cmcentrated,  as  above  stated,  pear  the  fastiiesses  of  the  peninsula,  , 
Stance  to  die  enforcement  of  treaties  stipulating  for  their  em.grat, 
west  of  the  Arkansas,  commenced  predatory  hostihties  that  soon  npenj 
into  open  war,  which  lasted  for  seven  years,  and  was  attended  with  M 
limite^^and  plirtially  creditable  success  to  the  federal  governmenMr 
Tofficers,  eWr  in  arms  or  in  diplomacy.     The  best  measure  adop 
by  the  United  States  during  the  war  was  the  "armed  occupation 
of^  1842 ;  though  the  policy  pursued  by  the  federal  government,  in  I 
execuS>'n  o?  tie  law,Wl  ?he  act  of  July  1.  1/48,  was  p^sd. 
creased  its  benefits.     The  contest  was  abandoned  by  the  Un  ted  Ste 
in  1842,  an  "arravgement"  with  the  yet  unsubdued  Indians  then  hi 
made  (similar  to  two  others  after  1836,  which  they  had  vioated) 
the  general  officer  commanding  the  United  States  regu^  forcd 
Florida;  and  which  last  ••arrangement,"  mdi^egardofthejmj 
treaties,  Stipulated  that  those  Indians,  headed  by  the  chiefs  Arp.arka/ 
Bowlegs,  might  remain  on  the  penmsula.     Tlieir  whole  number.ii 
estimated,  caSnot  exceed  eigjht  hundred,  and  they  are  on  paper  r,m 
to  prescribed  limits,  embracing  many  hundreds  of  square  miles  in  j 
Since  diat  "arrangement,"  repeated  disturbances,  attended  by  bW 
shed  and  the  destruction  of  property,  have  occurred,  owmg,  it  is  aUJ 
by  the  citizens,  to  the  depredati\)n3  of  the  Indians  outside  ot  the  cui 
reserved  for  them ;  and,  on  the  oUier  hand,  asserted  by  those  niD 
to  the  people  of  Florida  to  be  occasioned  by  the  encroachments 
frontierpSpulation  upon  die  Indian  reserv-ation.    The  officers  f 
federal  ^vernment  have  not  restrained  the  Indians  to  Hie  h«nte 
«  mcm.?io«;"  and  while  this  duty  is  neglected,  colhsions  and  coiifli 
tween  the  savagesandthescttlersneartotheines  are  inevitable.  J 
-    Je  now  being  adopted  to  effect  the  removal  of  the  few  hundre^ 
riors  and  women  and  children  yet  remaming  (and  it  is  said  in  ai 
-  of  destitution,)  on  the  lower  end  of  the  peninsula,  and  wluch  ett 
^^  hoped  may^successfid;   but  if  tfehul,  gomin  a^ 
.mwS^s  wilf  certaTnly  bo  taken  by  tlie  S^/tc -government  lo  at« 
«vU,  so  blighting  to  the  prosperity  of  Honda. 

I  is  a  stiiking  fact  in  the  history  of  the  provinces  of  Fbnd 
since  their  first  discovery  by  the  Spaniards,  nearly  thi^e  cen  J^ 
*  half  ago,  they  have  never  enjoyed  twenty  ^W<rf  ««>^7^'.f  "'J 
*nd  tranqiiUity,  undisturbed  by  domesUc  waxhke  conflicts  or  14 


®-  Doc.  ise^ 


lostile  invasion.     Thev  hav«    k  ''^ 

worthy  and  valuablJcvf,       1  ^n^'gration  to  Florfdn  K  !  T"*  P^periy 

N^'e?^^  t?H?-  V'S^^^^    -  -  "  <— 
K  have  bee„  a  seriourt^S«,°gaj.jfed.  for  .e" tal^X^.^f 


^i  'lK«e  wlM^SecTth;  t/';'''"P'i™o?Se  i:„.rH'''g?^- 
<lhepeopIeofX«,i       «'*P''onof  such  re«ri^,P"*"=^  "''''?»- 

fkswere  created  vvithou;  «n.         '^""'^"^'  afso,  tha"  tb^  t    *  ^^? 
The  annexation  of  TexiQfi    *        ,  ^ae  lernto- 

«c-    The  restrictinna  ahnulH  L  c  ^  "f  agricultural  prndueto- 


•WSfi-^ 


^^ 


77*' 


^ 


H.   Doc.  136. 


habitants  for  the  spoUatibns  of  1812.  1813,  l^J*' 'H^^^J^l,?' ^^^^^^  J« 
Zvinces  (then  beUging  to  Spain  were  invaded  bv  the  troops  of  the 
6dted  States;  and  thi  withholding  of  protection  to  tlie  citizens  of  Flor- 
ida  during  the  protracted  Indian  hosuIiUes  which  commenced  in  1835; 
aad  the  refusal  to  indemnify  the  many  hundreds  of  citizens  whose  prop-, 
erty  was  devastated  by  the  savages,  owing  to  the  flagrant  neglect  oi 
the  federal  government  to  fulfil  its  duty  of  afibrding  proper  protection 
to  them ;  ani,  hkewise,  the  refusal  to  pay  others  their  just  dues  for  sup- 
pUes  furnished  to  troops  in  service,  and  for  services  rendered  the  fed- 
eral government— are  all  matters  that  have  been  severely  felt  m  Flonda, 
and  have  all  materially  retarded  its  prosperity. 

The  only  raihoad  in  Florida  now  in  operation  is  the   faUahassee 

,  and  St.  M^ks  road.    If  was  built  about  1834,  by  an  mcorporated  com- 

pany.    It  now  runs  from .  Tallahassee  to  the  seaport  at  the  site  of  the 

Sncient  Spanish  fortress  of  St.  Marks,  at  the  junction  of  the  St.  Marks 

and  Wakulla  riVers,  a  distance  of  about  23  miles,  and  is  m  go(^  con- 

dition.    Between  twenty  and  thirty  thousand  bales  of  cotton,  and  large 

amounts  of  other  produce  and  of  merchandise,  axe  annually  trans- 

ported  over  this  road.    It  originally  crossed  the  St.  Marks  rivef,  ar-i 

ran  to  a  point  on  the  bay  of  St.  Marks,  or  Apalache,  a  short  di 

tance  below  its  present  terminus,  where  a  flourishing  VjUage  sooi 

sprang  up,  but  which  was  in  1843   totally  demolished  by  an  on 

pVeceSented  hurricane  and  flood  from  the  gulf,  by  which  many  hvei 

were  lost>    This  railroad  is  now  owned  chiefly  by  General  CaJL   Thi 

<:ost  of  construction,  of  rebuilding  it.  and  of  repau-s,  has  probably  bee. 

4260,000  ;  but  it  is  generally  considered  to  be  a  good  investment,    li 

is  intersected  by  the  contemplated  great  Central  road,  hereafter  spokef 

of,  it  will  increase  in  value.     The  Georgia  "Brunswick  Company, 

hereafler  alluded  to,  it  is  understood,  desire  to  connect  with  this  road 

and  projects  have  been  in  contemplationXo  extend  the  Tallahassee  rr- 

to  ThomasviUe.  Georgia,  and  to  other  poTnts  in  Georgia,  without  reterei 

to  the  Brunswick  Company.    Such  extension  wUl  add  to  its  importan 

Plank  roadi  aie  being  projected  at  several  detached  points  in  H 

ida,  for  short  distances,  and-one  several  miles  in  length  is  now  in  couri 

of  construction  from  New  Port  (a  rival  town  to  St.  Marks,  situate 

few  miles  above  it,  on  the  St.  Marks  river)  to  the  Georgia  hne. 

A  smaU  private  raUroad  was  constructed  a  few  years  ago,  lei 
to  Forsyth  &  Simpson's  extensive  manufactories  and  miUs,  nearW 
dad,  on  Black  Water  river,  West  Florida ;  but  it  became  usek 

and  has  been  taken  up.  ,      ,    ., ,  ,         -x^a 

In  183$.  a  company  was  incorporated  to  build  a  canal  or  rmlroad 
connect  the  Apalachicola  river  (through  Lake  Wimico)  with  bU 
seph  bay;  at  which  it  was  mtended  to  establish  a  shipping  port  tor 
produce  brought  down  the  Chattahoochie.  and  Flmt.  and  Apalacto 
nvers,  and  from  the  surrounding  country,  and  for  receiving  and 

u 1^ i; ...  .1...  ;.,tjt.T;ft»-    an  A  fin  n  nvfil  fo  the  oitv  "^  " 

' — wardhiK  merchandise  to  the  mterHM*.  ana  as  a  xivax.  lu  w^  v»>.j  y^  i 

Uchicola.  A  road  about  nine  miles  lopg  was  put  m  operation,  bur 
consequence  of  the  diflftculties  attending  the  passage  of  la^sw 
boatsthrough  the  shoal  waters  of  the  lake,  it  wa«  abandoned  in  J 
.and  another  road  running  from  St.  Joseph,  north,  about  thirty  m 
lola,  a  village  established  on  the  west  side  of  the  ApalachMJOUh  a 


I  ^n  with  1 
Nends  up\^ 
^ofdeorgi 

wem  are  n 


.j.-j* 


*.!* 


m^  ■■ 


I  fi-  Doc.  ise 

Jlw^e  the  Chipola  river  wp,  .  '    ■  '^^ 

preMeh  of  tbf  fo!!  ™  excellent  harbor,3v'»r  ""l^'y  ■"■». 

^Ge(i-gia.    Majiv  ^      ''''^  ^^'^^^  "P  ^nSToldZ    '  ^^^^  abandoned, 

homuiucation  aIon»  tl,,  ^TTi     ""'■  and  esnecinlir^S?  .?  4P'»'a- 
k  ".d  coj^ii'  upwSS^^^/H»<^Wc<,r„'^l  Sf r*r  ^^P"  ' 

M>^  some  HT?^^''*'^""' present.      '^™'  J'e'^s  ago;  but 
K/e  O-kr^giSZ"^'!  "'  "he  city  of  g,    A„„,  ,• 

'fi  bay,)  thp  PK^.      I   ^"  *eUow  rivers  hh,.^.    l  „  ^<""o,  the 

if  *^""  ^  «^''y  sis't^ '-''"^  p<s?4a 


••■:  ;f* 


L^- 


,rJ>lMk'-/ 


4-^ 


I 


I '.   > 


TTft 


H.  Doc.  136 


T 


made  navigable  for  steamboats  of  a  large  claas,  th  jy, can  te  made  equal 
Tmostof  the  ordihary  canals  in  operation  in  the  middle  Sta^e8,jo. 
•  -Within  afe>«^  miles  of  their  respective  sources,  m  affording  fccOities  for 
Sr^sportation  of  .produce  to  the  coast,and  of  merchandise  into  the 
V     inS.  ^very  one  of  the  rivers  named,  not  only  at  their  respective  I 
nuriets  to  the  gulf,  buf  with  reference  to  their  navigation  in  the  inl^nor, 
^  k  Septible  Rtificial  improvement,  the  beneficial  effects  of  which 
Wd  be  commensurate  to  le  expense  incurred    The  country  at  large 
:      would  not  only  he  benefited  by  th^  promotion  and  extension  of  the  «- 
ricXral  and  commercial  interests  of  the  conUguous  region,  and^ 
,  de^bpment  of  new  sources  oi  wealth  and  prosperity  that  the  improve- 
mems^ggested  would  cause,  but  the  facihties  for  cheap  and  ready 
■       defence  oTan  extensive  coast  frontier  (now  great  y  e^^  to  a  foreign! 
mSe  enemy)  that  such  improvements  would  atford  would  beoS 
^MBblenutHml  advantage.    In  fact,  the,  federal  treasury,  as  tomo4 
S  theZ  would  be  more  than  reimbursed  for  a^^l  outlays  (if  it  undertook 
the  works)  by  the  enhanced  valu^pf  the  pubhc  lands  m  then:  vicmityJ 
^d  their  consequent  increased  Sales  ^  and  if  undertaken  by  a  Sta^ 
.     'or  States,  or  by  corporate  associations,  and  a  proper  portion  of  the  land 
we^Sited  I  J  of  the  works,  the  United  ^tates^would  be j^nn 
nS  by  the  increased  value  of  the  portiori  retam^d.    O'he  States  o 
Samalnd  Georgia  are  directly  interested  m  the  impr^vementjw 
'    fe  red  to  to  an  e^ctent  quite  equal  to  the  mterest  of  the  Sta^  of  FW 
gjr  years  sin-fce,  thg  legislature  of  the  kst-named  State  durected^ 
Samination  of  the  Ockotockony  river  with  a  view  to  its  improvemea 
and  it  has^also,  at  different  times,  made  exammations  vath  a  viewt 
^e  improvement  of  the  navigation  of  the  Chattahooch.e  andFhntnj 
Sid  it  U  expended  some  mohey  on  both.   Alabama  has  as  yet  done  I 
Stieto.promote  the  interests  of  her  southeastern  counties  mobtajL 
faciUtief  for  the  transportation  of  produce  to  the  g^  through  Flondd 
It  is  beUeved  thattlie  improvement  of  the  bays  and  harbors,  andj 
their  outlets,  to  the  gulf  or  sea,  can  be  rendered  easier,  less  eipensi,^ 
.       Sore  sJbstanud  and  permanent,  by  the  adopuon  of  the  system 
Sg  ""necessary  delta  or  outiets;  and.  mstead  of  repovmgM 
deenemnft  channels  by.  cxcavcUion,  making  porUons  .of  them  jm{ 
^dHSvaWe  obstructions;  thereby  confining  the  waters  to  aj«^ 
channels  as  possible,  and  causing  them  to  force  and  deepen  thdsech 
neK  thSdebouchement  to  the  gulf  o.^  sea.    Esi^^^  V  on  Ae  ,^^ 
Atlantic  cgast,  and  in  the  ^ulf,  is  this  plan  deemed  to  be  tbe  ^^t  ehgJ^ 
Several  different  esominaUons,  reconnois^ances.  i)r  surveys  d^ 
■ "       been  made  bf  some  of  these  rivers,  and  theur  outleff ,  and  report  f 
nishedas  to  their  susceptibility  of  advantageous  «nproy«'??'J' Tj 
ibd  found  by  reference  to  the  pubhc  documents,  of  whicbaH 

Thi^i^iSld  water  communication  from  the  Mississipmn. 
^^i^dle  Florida,,  could  be  obtained  for  st^a^ 
^SSe,^dcoSg  craft,  was  manpears  ago  mam^ 

authority.    The  expense  necessary  to  obtam  suc^  '^^^ 
tion,  by  canalling  bSween  the  nearly  contouousluie  of  bays  m^ 
riming  parallel  with  the  gulf  coast  from  South  Cape  to  the  Jfoffl« 
md  by  <So8ing  the  moutha^ot  one  or  two  streams,  and  stoppug  M 


;^#;  • 


H;  Doc.  130. 


nr 


shoal  inlets,  is  reallv  tWfl-  *  T3 

&ifc,  there  ar^sever  J  '     °  -^^^'  «f  Florida  .L^^^ic  ^^^e«- 
ia  the  navtatio/ Tf     ^'  ^""^  'leepeninff  andhv  r       "*  ^^  improved 

The  sound  beSthe^r^r«'«.^"^««^?C^^^  ^« 

weaves  the  Miami  rivtS'  '^  ^""^^  ^^^inS/at  Cn'^'^t"^' 

iSnakecreek,  and  extend?' -"^f  "^«^'  Arch  crepfc  ^r^   Cape  Florida 

Newriver in  eTHmK''T'^«^es north  n^^^^^^^   ^V°  ?^^«°««'  and 

riverand  inlet  Sf    a  •  "'^^*'  Mosquito  ri3j.V^^^"«a  river 

Jolm'8riveS;rsau  bT''^,-  '^«^bor,?orth  W^f  ^J*^'  Mantan.2, 

kcoast  beti^-een  SouthT  ^-  ^^.^e^etofore  stS  ti^  r«  ""P^^ant 
karly  continuous  Wo^hfh  T/™«  ^loridaTtd  theT"'-  "^  ^^ 
N  steamboats  of  the  mif^       •   '°""''  navigation-  fnr    ^^^^Vpi. 

^-ggested.  (aid  a'^"J^ea^k^S"^  ^^^^^^  ~eTltT^ 
•peFlonda  to  the  mn.,fk    ?  ,     P'lusibilitv,!  nia»  h.    S-     ^  "  ""^ 

■iHlirtymilein*?^! „i    "  '?'«'i  mentioVied    „LY  '''°"»g  securely 
tothesoundsfromTp-n?  •  i*^^  ^^umuIationoftL«\^°!iS^^  ^^e 


F«»«in«v^Lr4.^^/'P^"'  anddeep^n^d  Tl^''"''^^c»Pt 


.  ^ 
'•;^ 


r  -     ■•3 


.  r*  ■■', 


7.  "  I 

"^  i  "Ml 


/if-, 


'liJf    '' 


ifiH 


t 


fofl 

pffujl 

Tie 


It,  Doc.  186. 


theater haz^dou.  experiment  ?f l;"^^^?^ ^"^f  ^cTleS 

i"«r^T.'^frtre'S.'"aSX=:™^1eS.o  in  note  A 
abound  southvrard  are  wrecKea.    a  "c  „nmts 

^U  give  you  valuable  information  o"  f  J^^J^^^^      j^^o  the  sounds  at 
Tfie  clearing  out  of  the  small  str^ye^^^^  ^^^^^^^ 

the  southern  pa^*  ^f  the  penin  ula^^^^^^^  waters  of  the,, 

of  those  streams  by  canals  with  the  ^^IfJ^^ J^  ,      .    •  ^^j-  ^y  ^]^ 
Pahhayoke  or  Everglades,  ^^f '"8^"  ^^^  °//[,KS^^ 

^^/^r^l^th  'iKr  ri^:?  Smm:  It^ing  into  .said  lake 
north,  and  with  the  '"^^"^^  "^^,  ,„i,e_  /the  waters  extending  ninety 
from  Tohopekaliga  lake  ^^  other^,^:,';/^'^^^^^^  only  reclSm  vast 
miles  north  from  the  mouth  of  the  "^^f  ^)  >^^J  ,  ^y^^  overflow  of  the 
quantities  of  rich  sugar  lands,  "^^  f  ^J^JS^^  ^^^Zs  of  facQe  irUerkr 
Wers,  at  certain  seasons,  ^^t  jodd^be  the  mea  ^^ 

^mmunication,  and  also  between  every  p^^o^^hei  y^%^ 

the  seacoast,  and  afford  easy  ^^ .^^^'^^^^.Zment  coastwise. 
auce  intended  for  ^^^-^Z^^JZ^e^olxdhlcLe  dry  and  culti- 
The  extensive  swamp  called  H«J,Pf  "*^^^^^  g^ch,  that  the  cost  of 

vatable.     Mthe  -^"'"tf ^.fu^^eT  Thfup^^^^^  soil  is  light  and 
•  such  improveMent  would  ft^^f,S^.„t."^rth  which  it  i^ 
easy  of  excavation;  the  ^^^str^  ^lltiel  so  oftln^aused  by  caving  or 
is  tenacious,  and  prevents  the  f^fg^^J^^'^S  material  obstnictLs 
sliding.     The  face  of  the  country  '*  ^^^^^^^^^^^  to  the  under- 

united,  combined,  and  concurrent  action.  deepening  of  the 

'      So  too,  on  the  western  ^^if-^^^J^^^'^^^     &utf  with  the 
outlets,  and  the  ^^o"^^^^^/' f^^^f^J^S^^^^^  equally  beneficial 

same  interior  ^^^^^^^  ^^^fX  c^^^^^  Atseenhooi  could  ^ 

The  vast  swamp  called  ^^f  ^P^jll^'^^^^^  on  both  sides  would' 
reclaimed.    And  the  <=o"^Plf°"„fj!'tr°mil  coasting-vessels  and 
probably  effect  a  means  of   passage  ^^  £^  i,^^^^^^       ^avigatiod 
steamers  across  the  Peninsula,  ^^J^y^T^fig^^^^ 

■%^Lprovemerits  sug^sted  in  ^^^ jw o  l^^XJ^^^^^ 
of  commiit  in  the  ydua.We£ocumem8  a^^^ 

-.--^LMolMi  fbuad  in  these^docunwnts.  .      ^^^^^ 


'.I 


3  K-*^ 

#.;l)oc.  136. 


Lerted  to  connS  ^  T~  P«n'«sufa,  variour^.^^^  advocates.    ^ 

ipoken  of  as  Dracf.V«Ki        ^^^^^  drawW  fo„r        x: 

oftbe  noWeSsfl^^r^expenselomTh^^^^^^      \et..  has  been 

A  canal  from  S^e  sounH  ^"^  Weethlocko- 

k  to  lakes  Xh^^j^^  Smyn^a,  on  the  eastern     . 
Neawestofthe  seaooL.     ^^''^■^^ters  of  the  Sf  ?  t  ,  ^^^  of  tJie 
Us,  some  distaSo^f  !!t  °'  fr"'"  ^  point  on  tS'    '"^'^  f  "^^^'  ?  few 

^  ascertained  tobe  thf  '   \*^  '^^  John's  river  ,n^#5^: 

feys,  or  near  WaccisslT^  ^^^^^.  ««  thllir  .    ^  "^^^  ^«  "^^J 

•oa  similar  worT  W^t  ''^^  ^^«  Wcewise  be!?    ""T^'  "^^  CedaJ 

^  the  mouther  ^^:^/^^^«onville,  on  Z  sf  Joff"  ?,^' ,-«  ^-« 

,  several  different  r^-'  ^^  ^  *«  ^^e  same  noin^    '  u""^  ^^^  one 

'5.fmherp7oSSS?,t^^^^  the  w^  S^^-^e  fj^^^  ^ 

3fe.ora  point  neaJS";  °"  ^^^^^^  ^^eekTaLd  on  'V"^^*'^^'-  one 

ed,  havelL'"  ef  hT'^'"  ^^ociations  rbut  nonl^^'J^"^^  ^^^ks, 
M°g  out  Aerchair?  'T^  P'-^P-rfy  '  urveved^?''"'  "  '«  ^^       ^ 
Uutes  of  tw^  of  th       *"^  comm^ciL  "udf  tfn?'''P"'^°'^  to 
"enclosed  to  vou  o^^'^  Ttemplated.^frkgar.W/'^^ticaJly. 

«)nnoissance  w^lT  ^^^^^^^h  it  is  underS  T^  ''^^^  °°  th« 

'  a  partial  survey  oflu">"^«  ^'«  Mexico     Th«^'  ^™"3^' 
,5n.  (Wst  of  SJ%„/  ^^harbor  of  Tampa^d  ^      '^^  °ffi*^er 

"1»«3„7&,S  °f  "^'^Paper  eCrS^  congressional 


b'   ..■  ;' 


f  I 


^•1 

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t 

J^H 

,     4 

J** 

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^^H 

8    • 


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•  ,  I'  • 


780 


D.   Doc  180. 


lion  of  $20,000  wiU  probably  be  made  at  this  sessioij  of  Congress  for 

'''^'(£te':^r^n7^^^yT^^^,  the  completion  of  this 
Whilst  the  certain  Jim  -^t  ^  the  full  extent  anticipated  by 

stupendous  and  "magnificent  project  to  tne^^^^  ^^^^^ 
some  of  Its  advocates  h^  by  many  been  a^^^^  success,)  yet 

seems  General  Bemaxd  d^^J^J  ,^^^^^,^^^^^  hieh  o^der  of  indli- 

pther  disinterested  ^^^j^^^f  £Sge  of  th^e  location  through 
gence,  and  F^f  ^^^^8  J'^"^^^^^^^  the  soils  to  be  excavat^. 

^hich  the  ca"f^^"  i^^^^^eSe^  The  immense  cost 

estimates,  lounucuFi'        •  The  same  observations  apply 

by  scientific  and  ""P^^^^!^  .^^Sw'  that  has  been  suggested! 'if 
to  the  construction  of  the    *A^^^ 

'^mlTy^^aU  ^ftiol  S:  moTimporta^t.undert^ing  of  the  W 
'M7r^::^^etLrthrt^^  Sn£:>ugre^ern  Mexico,  or  by  VeJ 

Sf thte^  teS  and  middle  Atlantic  States  to  participafe  fuUy  in  t^ 
K      fitc  nf  «nph  route     The  proposed  canal  or  road  may  be  located  c 

^fctaKStUne^^^^^^^^  --^  ^'';^J^Tl 

-L  dSs  which  in  sailing  from  New  York  a  considerable  deflexions 
^muftTe  made)  to  the  mouth  of  the  Rio  Coatzacoalo^s,  on  tl||tfj 
S-the  iXus  of  Tehuantepec.  The  legislature  of  Louis.an^mod 
?4  aU  seS  local  consi£ations.  at  a  --nt  ^ssion  adop^^  e^^ 
liMis  asking  Congress  to  institute  examinaUons  as  to  the  Florida  staj 
S^''rd  patriotic  and  enterprising  citizens  of  eastern  and  of  weH 
States  ^±  wle  forecast,  look  to  the  ascertainment  of  its  pracUabM 
STre^riofThe  highest  importance  to  the  general  mterests  oij^eM 
^nfeder^y^as  well  to  the  Atlantic.  soAm,  northern,  eastern,  .^ 

Z^d  ^^^^^^Jt^  rerSi^n^st^'r  itX 
SSKuf  S^e  tr^aSL.  not^l^  with  the  Pacific  generally,  but  ^ 

.^^LtverJoS^'.^^^^^^^ 


< 


ik- 


of  Congress  for 


H.  Doc.  186, 


miles  from  Jack3on^-jj  ^  ^81 

supposed  such  cana   c'     h  ^^  ^^  John's  river     Prn,«  .u-   , 
Santaffee,  and,  by  the  imn   ^  ^«"^'""ed  to  the  niv,!.?,"  *^"  ^^ke  it  is 
of  the  Suwaiie;  to^he  '7^'^^"?^"^  "^  the  naviS  r  T'^"  ^^  'he 
the  expense  is  not  estimJ/'^^"  1^^'  ^"''out  douK    °^  "^^^  "^^^  and 
mvestment.    It  is  bl  eTed  ^^«^  \«o  great  i^^^^^^^^ 
for  to,commencina  aft?'  u\^y  ^ome  persomti!  .    ""  '"Judicious 

marcm  of  the  vast  )lt     A'  ^"^  runninj  nrrlo        ^  STeat  southern 
tkleadj^terlof  the's'V"^^  ^^ied^SSnnr  ^'^i'^^  «°"them 
!  navigation  of  the  St  L  "^\^^'  ^«h  proper  ir^^^'  ^^  directly  to 
Jd  be  highly  benefe'  ^  SuwanSTverr^^'"'"^^  ^'^^te 
lumber,  naval  stores  fn^      ^\^  "^^^ns  of  tranlnn  !  P'^^t'««ble,  and 
reclaim  tens  of  thnnl    J  Merchandise,  and  th^^^f^  '"^""'^  «f '  produce 
Such  work  woulfctf  T''  «^  ^he'ritVtS:°f -^^^^ 
State  has  heretofore  n.Sfc^^^'«^  *«  the  State  of  r"  '^"^  ^*^^°"- 
coBstruction.  ™^^^  i|inamations  and  surveys  iSu""'^'^^  ^^ich 

A  raih^ad  has  been  nr«-        ,  ^        "^  "^  '''^^  to  its 

U«t,  on  which coastd.P^'?^^^  ^'"""^  Brunswick  n        • 
f  ted.    It  is  staged  thlfr?  ^''''  ^'^  «s  Sin^tfonT"'  ?  '^'  ^^ 
Ws  and  commence  sich\T'^'^^"  ^^  "ovv^S  "  ^"^^  ^."""  «di. 
Iswces,  and  som^  mf     .•    ^^°'"'^-     Some  vearo    •  ^  organized  to  raise 

Brunswick.  or^StnTrl  ?"^^  "^^  ^^^  "^^S! 

Icucumstances  not  Sllv  n^  ,'°"*^'  ^"tering  MidSe  Fin  "^^  "^?'^'  ^'om 
|was  postponed,  and  th J  ""^f  ^tood,  the  com^.n  *^^°"^a;  but,  from 
IpubL-r  GnlS  the  n  '^'V**^  «f  the  surJevsT  ""^"^  ^^  the  work 
I  tl-««.  than  ha^b^S'r^/^  '^^^eZ^FZ^r'  ^^"  '"«"' 
fe  great  trunk  or  Central  r^,'^  '^jntended,  and  become  .  """"^  ^^^^er 
Wtto  some  beneTto  pn^  i^f'^-^'^^^ftersAl  o^^^ 
Nat  section  of  the  SfaS  ^^°"^^'  «  ^i"  K^.l!?  "^.^^  «  ^ould 
N  prevent  its  evt^l-      •'  ^"^  "^eet  with  such  f  ^™^^  w«h  disfavor 

y  iitor"lid  S"oT  r  ^  ^^^*«  ^'aT'ltTouir  ''  ^7^^^^" 
^»^t  from  it  the  iuthw  .""'"^  ^'^^"da  raCad  .-rn'^^^bea 
»eft  of  southern  pf°"'V^estern  travel  and  fr«n     '  '^.^Uowed  to 

^toallegedhSds„»^T^  °^«'  seven  reLuf'^^^^^^^^ea; 
[fifteen  feetXuUt     ^H*  '^^«  ^d  good  Who  Jf^^"^  these  objec- 

■  >^«^ue°8l?aWy\"t'^fh?'''"  '^^  '^^  ^tat^of  Florida  i,   • 
L  '"'^xraues.    A  road  can  be 


-I  -I-  --^ 


<fi-r 


f. 


^R  i'i.'*^-'",  < 


782 


H.   Doc.  186. 


f^^at   Tnlin's  to  St  Auffustine,  from  Jacksonville,  thirty-eigbt 
SSef  ^d  fr^Scolatifei^^^^^  mile's.   AU  the  different  sectional^ 
"rests  d-tteTpper^^^^       of  the  State  would  be  promoted  by  sue 
work     La^^r2^?aarSadito  necessary  points  on  the  gulf  coast,  and 
Tthe  towns  where  the  country  trade  .s  earned  on,  n-th  «f  ^    in.a 
road  can  be  made.    These  lateral  roads  could  be  extendea  into  Ala- 
bSnk  aTd  G  "rX  and.  when  it  may  be  deemed  advisable,  connected 
vriSre  raiSs  in  Jhose  States;   and  in  a  few  years  not  merely 
Cidrbut  her  conterminous  sister  States,  will  ^e  'nter  aced  and 
bound  Vether.  and  mutually  strengthened  by  bands  of  iron     Tha 
sug^  cofton.  tobacco,  rice.  S&al  hemp,  tar,  turperjtme,  rosm  and  resrn- 
ouf^Us  Sumber,  and  other  products  of  those  fertile  regions,  cancel 
soLdnv^heaSy,  ^d  safely,  transported  to  market,  either  on  the  gurf 
o? iSucroS  exportation  to  foreign  ports,  or  shipment  coastw  J 
Z  time  of  war  or  of  ^aee;  and  in  tTme  of  war  matenal  md  for  the! 
defence  of  the  coast  against  foreikn  assault  at  any  qu^ter  of  the  State 
c^  always  be  at  once  fur nishea&om  the  interior.    Yet  m  the  constnicJ 
tZ  of  such  work,  the  just  share  of  the  general  improvement  fund  o4 
the  State  due  to  that  siction  detached  from  the  immediate  and  direc 
advantages  and  conveniences  of  this  road,  and  lyinc  farther  south  tk 
hseS  would  be  felt,  should  not  be  expended,  Wsh-.iild  be  ^r 
pulou^^^^^^  for  the  benefit  of  such  section.    The  fitc.bues  sue 

?oad  would  afford  the  federal  government  for  the  cheap  and  rapid  tram^ 
S,rtation  of  the  mails  in  tunes  of  peace,  and  the  like  1-ajihues  giveiifd 
Se  transportation  in  Ume  of  war  of  troops,  munitions  of  war,  and  sud 
sistehce.  would  be  of  incalculable  n^umd  benefit.  The  nver  St.  Johrf^l 
wS  iL  genera^y  spoken  of  as  the  eastern  tenmnus  of  theCentt. 
TaS^SidtextencSorits  mouth  three  hundred  miles  south,  runnai 

nearly  ii  the  middle  of  the  peninsula,  its  ^f'';'^}''^±'''''4)ll 
lakes  extendmg  south  beyond  the  sources  of  the  Kissimme.  Jhe  1 
at  the  entrancepf  the  St.  John's  cannot  ordinarily  be  passed  ^ve 
drawinir  over  thirtei&  feet,  but  inside  it  is  navigable  by  vesselsot  twe 
five  fee?  dra«g#ifex  up  as  Jacksonville,  and  by  those  drawing  twelj 
fit  ^  to  Se#ge,  and  two  feet  water  can  be  had  to  Ldce  Po^ 
sSL^TheuTSeS  have  influence  at  Volusia.  The  trade  oft 
river  at  present  iO^hiefly  lumber.  More  than  thirteen  large  lu 
Z\k  {mUy  steam)  are'on  the  river  above  and  below  Ja^^^JT^ 
principal  to^m  upon  the  river.  About  three  ^^^^^red  and  My  ves« 
Lnually  are  loaded  with  lumber  ax4  produce  on  the  St.  Johns. 
Zntit^ of  lumber  annually  shipped  fro^,<J«  ^V^J?  f  n'^ndJ 
mated  it  60,000/)00  of  feet.  Aneffortwill  be  made  this  fell  todee 
Se  water  on  the  bar,  which  it  is  sangumely  anucipated  can  te  donel 
^  to  idmit  vessels  at  low  water  drawing  twenty  or  twentv^vea 
BBd  by  an  expenditure  of  about  twenty  thousand  dollars.    Should  I 

L  Zp^^tral  road  is  finfshed  to  the  St.  John's,  a  large  and  fl 
ishing  comtnertsjal  city  is  sure  to  spring  up  m  a  few  years  at  thel 
minus  on  the  nver,  wherever  it  may  be.  j 

Partial  surveys  of  the  eastern  part  of  one  proposed  route  ton 
road,  terminating  at  JackaonvSlle,  the  promment  pomt  on  the  bt.  Jflu 


^'  Doc.  186. 

Iiere  made  some  years  «„    u  ^  ''®* 

nver;  and  to  unite  yjSiU         ^^°^g>a.  lower  down  o^Vk^L  *"*'l"mbus, 
lantic  seaboard      O^'f'  -""^^  ^^  the  Georgia  roflrh.      **  9hattahoochie 

f  city  ofP^ieofertdir  "/^^^  -  thrco'mpttion  ojr  '^^^- 

tiie  different  routes  nL!!l    throughout  the  surrounHini         *"^  '"o^^^  at 
deeply  interested  fn^fT'^^  ^°^  «5  and  the  federni   ^  *'*'""^^'  «nd  ox, 

«rty  at  Pensacola--^!!?^  ^^  Protection  of  the  v^llTi  P^ordcer- 
ti^asuryr  would  tl^Tfi^  ^^^  '""lions  of  doUars  „n^J"  P"?'^  Prop- 
inAkbJma  through  wh-i'^i^yth^  enhanced  vSup.t..  ^'  '?«  ^^^^rS 
On  these  poSiVo^  '""^  "^^  '^  ^ould  run  ImJ  .K^'^^  P"^^  lands 

..,ed/Ss'u7:^;rfrt,t^^^^^^^ 

,.ork  done.    I  h^^howr^  "^  *°  P^nSaw:^  S  J^^V^^^^e^ 
the  action  of  Co^'      ^^-''^^'  ^^en  suspended  fo^In/^^'^' ^^  "iher 

BillsmakingsucfSant^h       "^^^  ''*^^°««  al6n/ tS.   the  pubLc 
k  as  yetfthe  assSttoSrv  ^f  ^^^  '^'  S«ndte\  di^Jrent  ^  '°"^^     ' 
H°nofboth  housS^at X    ^  ^^"  ""^^e  to  obtain X      ^''''*"«' 
Connected  as  the  trlfr  Tl  ^^'•^^  '^  the  same  bif    ^'^^""•ent 
K(o^atanyofC|.fc^  atPen 

ffe  to  distant  foreign  or  A^l    *"  "^^  ^^  selected,)  wi^f  h?  ^''' 
R  specially  witl^f^^n^t^  rTe^:?  ^  '""^  ^'''^d^thZ 

^  soon  discover  that  suSiwSk^r'K^^  '^ ''^^  EastXief 
K;  »?^  *""  P'^fitable  succeTrasT?    ^  "'^^-'^  P'^^^ote  Se5 

lAcSS from  sff^^-  '  '    ^^''^  "^^^^"^-*'  ^tSe 

iwh  n.ch  a»;i;ut„ee  as  m?^£SAP^f^^"^^°«^^com^^^ 


p 

1.  ji" 

"■  'ii^ 

■  W'^'^ 

¥W  •,'*'' 

rM" 

i', 

•i^S*' 

•<.- 

■  P" 

» ( 

■r  *  '        -4* 

Im 

**v»lt 


5. 


■;7S4 


II.  Doc.  186. 


J   ♦!,«♦  t^A  fprleral  and  State  governments,  both,  should  encourage 
inands  that  the  tederai  ana  oiaicg  Andrew's  bay. 

the  spe^T  co««^^^^«^f,*i'  for  We  vessels,  and  it  is-a  safe  and  I 
pacious  harbor.     A"^^"^*^"  ;°;^,i-5„,  _rior  Uhe  creat  Central  State  rml- 

and  sperfy  construction  of  the  latter.  of  the  "Stale  I 

The  Slate  l^P?'""'^''  '"'^^.f ' '^^^^^  citizens  from  each  s«> 
SlsSJT  wTuTs^Jpted^tZTn, when  its  ^W  sessi™^ 
tion  ot  ttie  otaie,;  wui,"-  'L,^„.„-„o  fnr  carrvine  out  the  most  ludi- 
held,  d™ -m^;^^^^^^  [LrStlfore  adopted.  Vhe 

Tit  4ifes    an^  inS^^^^^^^  and  jobbers,  pecumaT^ 

schemes,  wiles,  ^^^ ^^^^'^....  \-,ni  ;„  Florida,  (as  sad  expenence 
and  political,  '^T States)  f^^^^^^^  ^nd overcoL, and 

has  proved  m  other  f^^^^f'^S^  citizen.    Attempts,  by  means  direct 
1  bwarted,  by  the  just  and  P^^"f,^  "f  ^;^„  to  the  S  ate  for  purposes! 
and  indirect  to  appropriate  the  lands  g^en  to  t^  P^  1 

.of  "internal  '"^P'^^^^^^.^V  "1^"  i '3  selfish.  J 

available  resource,  ^o  obj^^^^^X  Lt  tt  sTeS  vigilance  d  th3 

^  it  maybe  conjectured,  b«  made ^ butjie    u 
guardians  of  the  pubhc  «"d  general  weal  wi  JgC^j     J 

^lte±r:rthet»deof*e™^^^^^^^ 

^tt„dTSra.sis.a„ce  of  .hose  -h-  ^^jf ^^^ 

rouStJX.-Var^r^d  Sfa'ZteJSnroh^ed'  frl  4 
er  J  SrOffiie,  (nffied  C)  exhibiting  .he  ""■"ber  pi  acres  .rrf 


da 


Hii  Doc.  ise,  J 

•ore?  moref  Iowa,  with  nn  '®^ 

^.078  acres  «o4  thaL  V^U^^^  °*  5,346,660  acres  Z«.,   h 

Kb;  Wisconsin  wtK  *™"'^"'  making  1,225  07fi  i^l^^  ^^,000  m  kd- 
«iVed  2.246,490  rcre3Ahl"''^  ^than  area^f  2,47232?;^  \^^'^^ 

8,577,998  a^res  of  .    ^'^'^ '^^^^^'^^t  LoSa„a  if  "^°«*  f  the  ofher 
,m^  an  those  fands'iLtheT-  ^"^  ^^•«' "  ^^  undSo^^^    '  l^ 

be  afterwards  b^  slid  ^Mh    '"'  """*<=■  ■"»"i<  oM  prl^^,?  Pf'n^P'J  ! 
Mppalachicola  river  but  „    ^       ?'^*^'     ^^^^^  at  A  Hum  R I  i  ^* 


4 


«■   '. 


(jif  *, 


1 1 


im 


H.  Doc.   186. 


few  years,  whether  in  time  of  war  or  m  time  of  peace,  not  only  the 
AtLJd"c  ties,  but  the  entire  vaUey  of  the  Mi8sis8»M».;  can  be  supplied 
bvh^vSh  most  tropical  WuctiJns  with  greater  tacdrty,  and  cheaper, 
Zn  Jy  car.  be  prS^ureS  from  Cuba,  or  from  any;<^her  of  the  We. 
Sdiaislands.    A  tithe  of  the  sum  necessary  o  purchase  Cuba,  if  Spam 
SoSd£  wUhng  to  dispose  of  it.  and  a  fiftieth  part  of  the  amount  ot  6x- 
Stu^  necessary  to^  conauer  and  annex  that  is  and  by  arms  or  to 
S^St  in  any  oth^r  mode,  ionorable  or  dislionorable,  it  expended  byl 
ie  federal  government  (even  as  above  mdicated,  by  liberal  g^^^^ 
M  in  aid  of  works  of  internal  improvement  m  Florida,  would  rende 
S?Stote  more  valuable  than  Cuba,  ever  can  be  to  this  confederacy] 
Such  p^cy  might  also  subdue  some  of  the  covetmgs  and  cravings  manJ 
SS^ohL  for  the  "Queen  of  the  Antilles,''  (as  tW  designate  thaj 
Simd,)  and  obviate  in  some  degree  the  necessity  which  they  insist  no. 
eS  of  its  being  forthwith  wrested  from  Spam^ and  possessed  by  tb 
Sd  States.    War  and  bloddshed  would  a)so  be  thereby  averted. 

The  most  judicious  policy  that  can  be  adopted  by  the  federal  gov 
ernment  witfi  reference  to  Flbrida,  in  my  judgment,  is,  to  transfJ 
without  delay  to  that  State  every  acre  of  pyblic  lands  withm  Us  U 
ders,  stipulating  that  the  nroceeds  thereot  hereafter  resized  by  tlJ 
State  shall  be  Sxclusively  devoted  to  internal  and  harbor  improvemenj 
within  the  State;  the  United  States  reserving  only  the  necessary ..td 
for  light-houses,  fortifications,  and  other  structures,  under  he  conim. 
the  fideral  government.     At  any  rate,  the  transfer  of  all  lands  that 
thL  time,o?  hereafter,  have  been  offered  for  sale  at$l  25  per  ac 
for  ten  years,  aid  tlm  remain  umold,  should  be  made,  arid  a  similar  n-l 
<iould  be  wisely  applied  to  all  the  States  vvherem  public  lands  he. 
No  one,  it  is  presumed,  will  deny  that  the  coa»t  Jronlicr  ot  every  pj 
of  the  United  States  is  peculiarly  a  subjest  of  legitimate  concern^ 
for  the  federal  government,  or  that,  to  a  certam  exi^nt,  the  btatesha^ 
'  Yielded  the  partial  control  thereof  to  the  United  States;  and  that,] 
iome  respects,  it  may  be  regarded  as  the  comman  property  oH 
people  of  aU  of  Uie  States  of  this  confederacy.     The  hnes  of  jurisd 
tion  between  the  States  and  the  federal  government,  and  between! 
respective  State  governments,  as  to  such  coast  frontier,  are  di« 
maSed  by  the  fedefal  constitution.     The  fedmil  governmoit  has 
been  invested  by  the  States  with  any  right  of  property  to  \he  m 
By  article  4,  section  2,  clatue  1,  of  the  federal  compact,  it  is  supul 
that  "<Ac  citizens  of  each  State  shM  he  antUed  to  M  I^l^^';^^, 
futies  of  citizen*  in  the  ieveral  State*  ^  and  it  has  been  held  that  th 
riKht  of  navigation,  of  conmierce,  and  of  piscary,  and  in  fane  o  ej 
usufructuaiy  privilege  of  the  coast  waters,  (not  essenUal  andexcH 
local,)   and  that  are  common  rights,  as  ^.stmgmshed  from  exdj 
riKht8of»>rope»ty.inaState,orm  individuals,  pertam  equally  tj 
Xn8  of^nited  States  of  every  Slate  of  tfie  confederacy.i 
tHtf  di'tinrtlonJi,  fMvnr  of  thdciUgena  oijhat_State  of  which  mM 


is  the  frontier.  Such  police  reffu lations  as  sound  P"W  ™^  , 
necessary  can  be  rightfciUy  estabhshed  and  enforced  %  ^  f  1 
it  may  enax^t  laws  for  the  protection  and  conservation  of  such  »1 
righJ^fmd  to  regulate  the&  u»c,  so  a.  to  prevent  the  ^  «h"se>tl 
Jaws  must  apply  equaUy  to  its  own  ciuzens  as  to  the  citizens 


t....^ 


H.  Doc.   136p 


7m 


.  other  States.     The  irpn<:.rni    •  u        ^  '*^ 

alLandthatofpiscSyW^^^^^^      «f  navigatipn  and  of  commerce  bv^ 
held  for  the  excLive^^rfit  ^f^^.^ '"?^^^^^  ^''<  00^^^^^^. 
my  nghtfuly  legislate  as  to  sue    pri^;? '"'"^"^V   ^"^  ^  other  ^^, 
State;  nor  does  the  federal  ffovSnmft^^^*'"^^^  coasts  of  a  sister 
^regulate  by  law  the  rigLf^S^^'r  ^^^ -"^titutionalp^weT 
cede V  treaty,  or  otherwise,  the  pS"  ^"  "°.^^^«  ^^  ^  State,  W  t6 
lbr«gn  power,  or  its  subject  anv^Z.!    ""•  "''"^  '"^^  ^^her  es  to  a 
Jher  common  right  in  a  Sta^;,  JcS^^,t?v "  "^  'T^^^^  ^^  ^^w  Zy 
Sate  to  a  foreign  power.     To  i/lT.nT^ ""  P^"  ^^^^^  territory  ^a 
which  the  cili;:ens  of  the  Unifed  sS!  ^"^.r^^'^  «"ch  coast  frontier  in 
«/^«^  as  well  as  because  t^s  a  pS  ofl  ''^r  ^i!^*l^  ^^ve  such"^^ 
^^J"*."  (see  article  1,  sectiofi  8,  cfause  1 .  '^'  ^'^^"^ '  *«  "  ^^^ 

tkboundenduty  of  the  fedfWnl  „«  ^'  ^institution  United  StaC  W» 

invested  with  ^  p6W  tSd  S^^™""^",* '  ^^  ^«'  ^^  ^he  clause  bst  Si^ 
Uentofsuchdut^(s:;^Ji|J*f^^^^^ 
the  same  mstrument  con J^Rv'' ^^'J^f '  ^'^  ^«^cle  4,  section  4 ;)  and 
Uu»haU  protect  each  o/SKhe  s£    .  ^^n^^t'tutional  guaranty  thS 
Merd  government  bm^ds  fort^cationf '^^''^^       ^■'"'«*^'^'"  &c.     The 
Uones,  a.d  arsenals,  and  ST^^d^tiT  ^^ips.  Ld 

hnd  custom-houses,  and  it  establLS  r  '!?^'  "^'^  "marine  hospitals 
Jtam  and  Europe  and  to  SSfi^Th  «^ '^^"-^te^mers  toTreat 
lObseiyatoiy,  and  aMilitary  and  N Tvf I  i  .  1  "^  "'^f  ^^  ^"^  maintains^ 
^tabhshment;  sends  shiplt^^y^Zt  tx^^^^^^  hasa  .;CoastSurver 
Ifss.  withm  the  last  fifteen  veJ,  h.  ^"'P^'^^ng.  expeditions;  and  Con- 
Uing  and  pubhcation of  "u ISs  'f ?'?  "^'^^^"^  '^^  ♦^^"^rs  lor  the 
home  of  the  improvements  on  tLe  coasts  ^  '^"^^  «^"  -b><^s- 

iFlonda  above  noticed,  are  as  direcXTnd  fm  J.  ^^'^'^^i  '''•  '^''  *^«^sts  of 
C^yV^'  "/?^/«^e"  and    '3^^^^^^  important  and  . 

Ip«(>»"  as  forts,  shins,  &c.,  can  bfXS  l,*^^Hectlon  ''against 
Ifflsome  degree,  to  tfie  peculiar  eenTn^l-  1  ^^''' ''  '^  ^'•"e,  is  owina.. 
Kandcharacter  of  tfat  secUor^?der  f  r"^""'^"^"^^'-  i"^^™^ 
Ifclegiumate  constitutional  poweV  of  ^  fSfr'""^''^^^^'  to  denj 
|«<fe>r  the  commm  dcfence^^  by  aidilf.nd  n  1  ^-^  S^^^'-nmem  to  -  «r/ 
WmentsinFlorida,is  todJnvtoS  ^"'''"''^"'^  '"^'^  necessair^ 
l-oemnr ««,;«  of  iUlfilhng  suXl  SS^^^^^  ^"^^^  "^^  V^o2Z^ 
|r?  <the  general  ^ovefnr^em  to  '^eS  ^"?-.  ^^'^^t  ^C  obU- 

IS^-*"'r'*"  ^'^trmeof  war,  i  conceded   fn^^K"     PT'^'^*"  ^  ^tate 
|fl«sMuUon  does  not  allow  prudent  and  nl„        *',''J^^*  ^^^^  the  federal 
Ij  by  It,  in  time  of  peacerfTthe  fi  CnT  "^^  "T^^/^^  ^^'•«-        ' 
Wy,  advantageous/and  successfjyv   T.  .  t    T^  ^"^^^  ^^«°omi- 
Mofstrictconstruction'MntoaS         t'^^^S   "^he  salutaij 
N>objecUons  are  made  to  the  mZf/f  .1  T^'^  attenuated  logic  by 
kyutipnal,  because  fi,rsoot,uhTre^r^^^^^^^^^      ^^  protec^Uon  aV 
todotherwise, promote  other  interesr/n?fKo"''^'"^^«  may  also-,. 

,  WW  m  ihe  exemse  of  thTunfJ^nLrJ  -     .    desu-ed  canTe 

^"gress  to  dispose  pf  tL  li/S.?/  l^'T*''""^  ^"thority  of 
«"ple3  with  respect  to  ^untfof  sucSi?  •  ^'  •  TT""^  benefitf all 
^Dtem  the  States  where  ZlnXi-K^^  °^  those  inprave- 

^J^aiuiiajustico  o7uxe  fej:^^^^^^^^^  extinguished.  ^  tht 

tue  leueral  government  re|aming  aU  th«  JHni^g 


T 


{  t 


TO8 


Bt;  Doc.  18^ 


<  1 1 


». ' 


*.  ■. 


unsaleable  at|be  meseni  minimum  price  fixed  hy  it  for  a  series  of 
years  after  th^^  have  been  offered  for  sale,  without  yielding  any  taxes 
for  them  to  the  States  wherein^hey  lie,  not  contributing  anything  in 
any  mode  for  the  malting  and  repair  of  ordinary  high\vays  and  bridges 
through  them,  is  severely  felt  Uy  eyery  resident,  (whether  rich  or  poor) 
of  a  country  in  which  there  is  a  lar^e  quantity  of  unsold  public  lands. 
The  personal  labor  the  settler  is  conlpelled  to  yield  m  this  way,  to  en- 
hance the  value  of  the  property  of  the  United  States,  in  addition  to  his 
other  taxes,  is  an  onerous  burden.    Difficulties  will  -probably  ensue  from 
the  granting  to  one  sovereign  State  the  control  and  ownership  of  lands 
within  another  sovereign  State,  even  if  the  lands  are  made  liable  to  just 
jiaxation;  and  still  gteater  difficulties  will  arise  as  to  the  adoption  of  any  1 
just  rate  of  distribution  amon^  the  States.     Some  proposed  rules  of 
distribution  are  absurd  as  w«ll  as  iniquitous.    By  the  rule  of  popula-l 
tion,  New  York  would  at  this  tinie  receive  33  acres  to  every  one  re- 1 
ceived  "by  Florida,  and  yet  Florida  has  1,200  miles  of  seacoasttof 
defend,  whilst  New  York  has  less  than  150  on  her  Atlantic  fronfer. 
Florida  has  7,671,620  acres  mire  in  area  than  New  York.    She  is 
larger  than  New  York  and  Massachusetts  or  New  York  and  Maryland 
together;  she  is  larger  than  New  York,  New  Jersey,  and  Connecticut! 
all  together ;  and,  leaving  out  Maine,  more  than  twice  as  large  as  all  thel 
other  five  New  Englald  States  together.    Florida  ^as  no  mountains;! 
and  properly  improved  she  willhave  within  her  limits  less  waste  l^-i* 
not  susceptible  of  cultivation,  than  either  New  Hampshire,  or  Mi 
chusetts,  or  Maryland,  or  New  Jersey,  though  neither  of  those  State 
is  one-seventh  of  her 'size;  and  she  would  be  capable,  in  a  few  yearsJ 
if  improved  as  suggested,  of  sustaining  comfortably  a  larger  populatior' 
•'  than  New  York  of  itself,  or  all  the  New  England  States  united.   Pop 
ulation  is  a  shifting  rule,  and  not  based  on  any  just  principle  whed 
adopted  with  reference  to  grants  to  the  States.    If  the  grant  is  iid 
tended  to  be 'given  to  the  citizens  of  each  State  disposed  to  emigratd 
to  and  settle  on  such  lands,  the  federal  government  had  better  makd 
the  grant  directly  to  the  occupant.    The  only  true  and  just  rule  as  td 
rt-ants  in  aid  of  works  for  coast  defence,  or  any  other  national  obje^J 
M  the  necessity  or  importance  of  such  work,  and  the  advantage  that ' 
•    result  to  the  country  therefi-om.     The  policy  of  promoting  the  settle 
.ment  of  an  exposed  frontier  State  by  free  grants  of  lands  to  occupant^ 
and  to  the  State  in  aid  of  internal'  improvements,  is,  it  is  conceived 
quite  as  obviou^,  and  fiiUy  as  strong,  as  any  policy  ofdefcnce,ss\()\ 
fiitm-e  war  with  a  'naval  power,  that  can  be  adopted.    The  expense  i-* 
<urred  in  one  such  war  of  three  years,  necessiuy  to  defend  «iel,2< 
mUes  of  seacpast  in  Florida,  would  probably  exceed  fourlbld aUlM 
is  necessary  for  the  government  to  yield  in  aid  oflmternal  itnprovemet' 
in  that  State!     Our  entire  national  coast  should  be  defended-"! 
foe's  hostile  foot  should  leave  its  print  on  our  shor  s."    The  dishonorof 
vweccsaful  invasion  by  an  enemy  will  l)e  as  great ,  if  the  assault  |)ei 
«t  Cape  Sable  or  Appalachicofa,  as  if  made  at  Phfladelphia  or  Wa 
ington.    Besides,  if  such  improvements  are  mad  e,  the  means  ot  deieM 
ihereby  permanently  estabUshed  in  Florida  will  ;nable  the  federal  go- 
emment  to  providp  more  readily  and  .early  for  otlier  exposed  points,  ai 
to  fiirnish  troops  which  could  not  be  withheld  or  a  jstracted  trom  Jiiona 


H*  Doc   136. 


78» 


mat  the  scientific  am^  aki         •  ^  .  "* 

«4  seryice  ought  to  be  (when  "^S  't'^''^  ^^^  ^^  «  the  M- 

apFopriate  employ  for  them  S  i  nfl  'f^  government  has  so  iSle 

P«;cef  assigned  to  duty  inthVsLS^Tl'  ^"^  ^1""^^^  i^  times  o? 

Mte,  IS  an  ^pinion  becoming  qS'^I    "T^'  ^°''  Public  improve- 

F|dau.hersurv%^:^Jjffi^^^^^^^^^  be  mo'rvrbrto^ 

The  population  ofFlorida,  b^the  1.1  ^^""^  mentioned  aljove. 

Usons.  928  free  colored,  aid^D  309  .T'"i'  ^^  *^"t  47.167  whS^ 
ffCpugresa  will  ehcouratre  anH  ^^^^^  colored  slaves:  in  aU  S7  ini 

Stateby  aiding  and^X^^^r  wo^k^^^^^^^^  --^^ProieSV  of  S^ 
hfggested,  emigration  thither  frfm  Mn^^'H  mdicated,  in  the  manne? 

Kentucky  Tennessee,  Missour^ld  ofht"^^  Garolin? 

mence;  and  by  the  year  1860,  CponuhLn'^'-f/  .^^"  ^P^edily  coi^ 
rr^^J  f  d  wealtfi  augmented  mSfrlTt  "^'^^  •  ^  quadrupled,  her 
lp«^a«^&/Wm,ec^^^«y-,;j,  ^sWl  grater  ratioj  andthemoltZ 
lyieldiDg  to  the  State  merely  the  S  '^^^'^^  '"^pregmble.    By  evrn 

br^*"!'  ^^  ""^  the  "lea^sSewS^^'r^^^  ^1^^  ^-K^ 
Irflabor  m  the  construction  of  su4  woZ  ^T^^^^^^/^' the  employment 

lauch.    Grant  her  «^/  the  Vacant  Tw' '''w^  b'e  enabled  to  do 
IflDal"  she  may  effect  aZZfhotT  •    """^  (excepting  the   '  .hf^ 

Ltesiemand,^now  ort^^^^^^^^     °"«  -terests  or  ZJovLt  M     ' 
I  A  reference  to  the  mnn  nf  pi^  -j  ' 

keaa  of  Topographicd?:n^net1n  TsTr  '''J  *^  ^e"'  ^-^^^  at  ^e 
foses  of  the  United  States,  also  endosed  '^f  X  ^  "^^  ^^^^^  %S-      ' 
Iprards  of  1,200  miles  of  danirous  !pn  K      ^    I    "^  ^''^  *^^t,  with       ' 
louses  in  the  State  than  there  SeTnf:^'^'^'  ^^^^^  a^e  fewer  lifiht- 
SewTork  or  Boston.    Pro^rtv  of   PP"'^?^"5  *«  the  cities  eidief  v' 
kdollars  in  value,  ft  is  e  tSd  nn^  n^'  "^  '^°  ^"'^d^d  mHlions 
kofthe  Florida'coasts,  Xc&"  inl{  ^T'  ^^ng  'a  large  2!    . 

ki  Uje  value  of  te'^l^^u^^^^^^^^^^  ^  -^"  «"<»       ' 

^fs  and  coasts  of  South  fS,  anTwhL  I        1^  '^^  ^^  and 
>  adjudication  of  the  salvage   for  Inhnr  r^"^'*^"^^  ^^3^  Kest 
%  amount  wrecked  eS^re 'orth.  n    '^^  '""  ^"^^  ^^t  p^st. 
My  fo.^  is  not  estimated -nor  ?.  tl    ^P"',  ''°^«*'  ^*^  that  w^hich    , 
^  to.    The.averag^Valt  of  dl  ^he^"^'  ^°''  °^'^"^*^  ^^^^  ad-. 
J^ono^theFloriipoastsaidt^^^^^^^^ 

Ff  W^^^  ^--  the  T«.3uiy  DeT 

,forthfifn„no„«  „_j  V°y°"'  and  to  the  documents  srv.r.Jfio^  :X  ".. 


If  entherewirh  senuo  Vora^dlPr^^^^    ^'^"^  *^«  Ti^^^'T  De-^ 

fc|eton,«^  and  fc^r;,^^g^fe^'"«»t8  s^^ 

P^^    -^        HJryigir  expons  mid  imports,  ancf  other  statistic*. 


K  ■.  ^^ 


iliereby  to  become  residents  of  the  island^  „and  coasts  contiguoTis  to  them; 
and  they  will  be  Ideked  to  ^uticulprly  b;5r  the  inhabitants  of  the  great 
■western  valley  for  the  supt)iy  of  that  article  of  subsistence;  and  other 
sections  of  the  Union,  and  forei^  countries,  may  likewise  be  furnished 
from  them.  They  pertain  exclusively  to  the  State,  the  constitution 
whireofassertsifs  right;  and  they  are  regarded  a^  destined  Jo  be  of  ai 
Much  importance  and  value  as  the  fisheries  on  the  coast  of  the  British  colo- 
nies at  the  northeast  end  of  this  continent.  J*<r 
>  In  addition  to  the  documents  above  mentioned,  I  enclose  yot  a  letter , 
<G)  respecting  the  State  of  Florida  frpm  that  intelligent  oftcer,  J.  C. 
G.  Kennedy,  esq.,  of  the  "Census  Bureau;",  and  also  a  statement,  (H,) 
compiled  from  the  laws,  of  all  the  appropriations  of  money  or  lands 
made  by  Congress  since  the  acquisition  of  the  Florid  as,  in  any  wise  in 
aid  of  public  improvements  therein. 

Though  hundreds  of  invalids  and  valetudinarians  annually  resort  to 
Florida  from  the. North  and  West,  during  the  winter  monthsj  the  State 
has  been  slandered  as  being  insajubrious.     The  letter  of  Mr.  Kennedy 
proves  that  on  the  score  of  health  she  stands  ahead  of  any  other tsovtkeml 
State,  and  is  exceeded  by  but  one  old  State  and  but  two  new  States  of  tkl 
Union.   Some  transient  visiters  to  Florida,  ignorant  xjf  the  ordinances  ofl 
Providence  for  the  preservation  of  health  in  tropical  regions,  and  igno- 
rant of  the  genial  effect  of  the  climate  upon  the  soil,  and  comparing  tbel 
soil  of  Florida  with  the  rich  bottom-lands  of  the  western  and  middlel 
iSiates,  denounce  the  lands  of  Florida  as  "barren  sands,"  as  "wortw 
less,"  &c.     Mr.  Kennedy's  testimony,  founded  on  the  unerring  test  o(| 
•official  statistics  of  facts,  disproves  all  these  notions,  and  establishe 
the  fact  that  in  proportion  to  the  improved  lands,  and  in  proportion  altot 
Aer  population,  her  agricultural  products  exceed  in  value  those  of  any  otht 
State  of  the  Unioji;  and  so,  also,  in  proportion  to  her  slave  population 
ihey  exceed  in  value  those  of  any  other  of  the  slave  States. 
Verv  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

/       *^  E.  C.  CABELL. 

IsEABL  D.  Andrews,  U.  S.  Consul. 


APPENDIX. 

:Statement  compiled  Jrom  report  of  Commissioner  oj  General  Land  Oficti 
to  public  lands  in  Florida,  June  30,  1861,  ami  other  documents  in  t 
General  Land  Office. 

AMawsren »•"'•" 

anrreyed • ,»''^*' 

UnMTveyed *W8 

OfkndforMde -< ^ "'SS'l 

4BhiU l>^l 

4hirTef«dHidnotoftr«d..... J»Si'2 

y?Jiir»erti»odtaM  of  1851. • ^''^'^ 


-y.:^' 


K^'Doto.  136.  7m 

P^Jmadingaf^atof government.  :::; - fig  1,4 

I«MTedfor"liveoak"forn«vy..      • : .7  3,040 

immtiou  for  town  of  St.  Mark's 

2^od  private  claims,  (Spanish' ™g"&;■^ 3QK 

Sinmplands  returned  to  June -10  iR^i'^^^^V 1  aoa  ^ 

I«Kl  »Wm  year  ending  June  30  iWiii&"^*'"''««^'^ted  at.. ^  ^  tfnn  nnn 
•  ""**■                                                                  »'"•'"*'  'anas,  tor  some  years  exceed  the 


stern  and  middle| 
ids,"  as  "won 


C.  CABELL. 


G. 

Ob«su»  OFno«,  Washikotoi*  CiTF, 
Du«  Sir  :  In  compliance  with  your  reoiiMt  T  nn  i  "*****  ^  ^^S^- 

JWto  fti.  office  in  January  kstff  theofficial  rett™/*"!  T^"^  P™*«^  statements^i,. 
■t^^""^"'  ""^  «''«>  «f  other  States,  Mfer  as  is  r*  "'"t'"?  to  the  population,  prodS^S 
iMw.   The  statements  are  genarallv n^irl;"  k  *  f  "^ce^WT to ren'fy  the  compariroMm.*: 

t£b«>nsiderable  extent, ffieSS 

|«^n.  will  not  change  materially  iJy  onl^rSS.^^^^  '"""  *"  '^  "^«-    "^ 

kow  iT^roSaUSd'"  ^T„«  f,'  ®^^'  520 ;  and  o«  this  there  were  In  Iffifl  „„h, 
P^tiH.returSXrSllf^/SS'bei^^^  ''  theiSZ^r^vX^g 

^Hdah^  less  m.proved  lands  th- any  S^te,  except  Bhodelsl^id^dCalifornia. 
1!^  •"»  ocres  of  lAproved  la«ds.. 

♦weoffiirmlng  implements  and  machinenr" •6,!»8,109 

jg;^""— — •■  -  .^r.. f " " •  •:^ "^^^ ^.-^ „_|068.,B6^ ^^ 

£•*"'« 6.7M 

SK ■ 1W,416 

^"••••;- 83.311 

i    IS.8S0.06& 


ftf^     •4) 


h    i 


••"^ 


in 


IIII2         .  i*  Doc.  186. 

Wheat,  bndid.  of. ,— I ' :"::::::::      1'^ 

Ifye,buiheliof....... i ■■■'"'".''.*  .....x- i,936,m 

Indian  oon, budifiU  of - ;^^ gg^jj^ 

OaU,biuhel*of. • [•■•": ;;;'. A...-      1,075,090, 

Rlo«,poniid«(^... *■.**."'.''."*.".'."."". -V-         ^.«U 

o£!MKb^e«ir4oo^  ■':::::::"""^     S 

Wool,  poonda  of ""  ...      13b'«9I 

Pea.aidb«Bi«.bud»eiBof..^ - i;;:;: ::::::     IS 

'  IrWi  potatoei,  buaheU  of •-■•.- .'...,. 7Sj'm\ 

Sweet  potatoes,  buihelB  of...  k " ^  5^1 

Buckwheat,  bwhek  of...  -.  .J..--- • ^ 

Value  of  orchard  produoti,  HI  dollan '"".'.'. '  io| 

Wine, ^ou  of. ••p'", ' 8,721 

Value  of  prodnce  of  market  pardeM ^^'^'i 

Butter, pounds  of. » ;••• '.'.'.'.'.'........  18,0151 

Cheese,  pounds  of... ...- :•• 2  5jj| 

Hay,toniof. -I- 

Other  grass  seeds,  bushels  of. -y-  j^, 

Hops,  pounds  of -J-. !!""'!!! 5I>| 

Flax, pounds  of. .•- 

Silk  cocoons,  pounds  of - ^ 27ffll 

Cane  sugar,  hhds. of  1,000 pounds.... •  ^^i 

■^        Molasses,  gaUcins  of.. .-..--. -^ ••"•• yj^j 

f4^     Beeswax  and  honey,  pounds  ot...., in'm 

,          Value  of  home-made  manufactiites $514' 6«| 

Value  of  animals  slaughtered.               ' 

i       4.Itse«nst^t,mproportion,tothequ^.^^^^^ 

.  S.SlTiSSroth'S^ave'^Sll^'^^Xt^^^ 

5  duces  more  cotton  than  any  «*•»«' State  of  the  V^^  ^    ^    ^  j^  cultivation,  and , 

"inlir^'^tTerXe^ulffirrrpCr 

A^sS^n^^^  S^rfbiu  of  sw^^t  potatoJXS  any  St.teof  *- 
^  Sf^LJ^tfo^he  landto  cdtivstion,  and  slave  population,  and  aggregate  popul»tio 
Union,  m  proportion  'f'.  *"". '"^^^j  ""  '  ^th  that  of  any  State,  in  the  same  way. 

I-  ^"Z^^/ofoi^es  Sr^vS,  plTtLC^  or  other  tropical  froiM 

of  li«  co:S??ror  a^-^^'  ^^^^' "  «^«'  tropicaP productions,  can  be  ,.«. 

^^r^  KftiaSty  in  estimating  the  value  of  the  dilferent  products  of  the  differ, 
«SS^Wtte^2«prJduot8TdHrerent  States;  but,  fiom  a  general  and  hMtycstu. 
SS^fbert  4»tol^  rSteJand  from  comparison,  I  am  satisfied  the  value  of  thejp 

and  to  the  popdation,  slwe  or  free,  "^""j^l^^^^  ^^er  value  of  the  land  and  of  li 

el,  your  antdu 

Florida  is  

wheat,  lye,  or  oats;  "«  »  •Pi^jruTrcotton'^Kol^  824,000  ysid»  of  d 

toVlorida,  which  amounts  to  a  large  sum  annually. 

'"mvSu.honorto  be.  sir.  witi»  great  respect.  your^gKge^tsem^^^^^^ 

Hon.  E.  C.  CABiiLt. _£ " 


■  \ 


1,15» 

1,996,8(» 

66(586., 

1,075,09(k| 

996,614 

45,131, 

83,247. 

136,359 

757,236 

1,2 

10 1 
8,721 
371,4981 

18,01SJ 
2,51ll| 

ul 

61 

%m\ 

353,89!| 

18,9711 

t75,5§)l 

t514,6as| 


•dnceBinorecot-l 
I  prodac«8  inonl 
Illation,  she  pn>| 

Lvation,  fmd  i 
iiIatioD,  thui 

,  except  Cm  _ 
a,  and  MiMonil 
r  than  aennltl 
any  State  of  d 
?gate  popularii 
same  w&y. 
;ropical  £niiU,(i 
can  be  girea  i 

of  the  dLfere 
id  hasty  cstii 

aeofthei 
f  improved  li 

lTBlueoft}K|l 

I  land  and  ofd 
State  ia  ooniidi 

II  be  lealiuiL 
Bmall  quantU 
State  of  Eoril 

90  yaida  of  i 
lomber  bm 


Sufouiio 


H;  Doc.  18a. 


79» 


F. 


I  ytin  Sir:  I  have  «n«ed  a  clerk  to  ooinnil«  fk  «Vu*er's  Ofice,  Aj^  85,  i«». 

19M  ......do......     Jo  -••-.......  ^^^ 

18»,exportatoforeiimDorto * ^'^ 

I BH do......     Jo  f vt^Mn 

c./uwr  ooeaient  servant, 

N.  SAEGENT. 


hnnMnarme  of  the  United  Stat, 


G-uJ/oJ  Mexico,  from  Cape  Sable 


District*. 


iMnk't,  tlorida 

«K»1« 

lUe 

"Orieaiu 

12 

■fton  ....u... .. 

toiStliigo .*■' 

I'otal 

12 

^  ?tZI±r,?r.»'!-?-  9'^^  *  Mansfi. 


Tk  stewaera  at  Appalachicola  are  not  state,! 


eld's  report  of 
There  are  be- 


bans  which  ply  on  the  S  oT  SJ'  2 '^'^  T'^t  ^^  ^^^ 
Missippi  nwr  Boata  beina  Atn?!^  •  ^  ^^  «^^«»  by  them;  the 
ywSisnotgi^ninthfaK  ZT^^'  ^^  of  4eir  report,. 


I^^t.^^l 


re    Vt- 


Ut 


1 1. 


I')  ^ 


f1 
■1. . 


ll 


w 


li 


ti[.  Doc. 

The  Chd/of  Mexico  and  the  Straus  of  Florida. 

Thp  Gulf  of  Mexico  is  the  southern  boundary  of  this  confederaxjy  frn^g 

the  .^Dr.  Ktu^^^^  mouth  of  the  Rio  Grmide  del  Norte;  an^^ 

s  remaSabk  forThe  absence  of  capes  and  of  indentations  m  compar. 

rrnLidLrorr^^^^^ 

following  rtvers  debouch  into  tl^e  same  common  reservoir.    1  he  Ala- 
Sma  Tomb^U.  and  Mobile  rivers,  ^^he  ^ter^,^^^^^^^^^ 
ive  tributaries!  some  reaching  mland  mto  the  Slates  ot  Mississippi  and  , 
GeoS  enfer  the  gulf  throuih  Mobile  bay,  from  the  State  of  AlaW 
The  &1  and  Pas^agoula,  from  the  State  of  Mississippi,  and  the  mighty 

M^i    (appTopltely   styled  ;;Pa.^   f  TSlL^^e /tl: 
different  delfas  through  the  State  of  Louisiana.     SuU  turther  west,  tlie 
sS  chv  ding  Louisiana  and  Jex^,  and  the  Angehna  and  Neches; 
fhe  Trinity  and  Buffalo  bayou,  \through  Galveston  bay;)  the  Braz.« 
S^  BeSdTand  the  Colorado,  (by  Matagorda  bay;)  the  Navidad and 
iTvaca  (by  L^  Vaca  bay;)  the^Guadalupe  and  San  Antonio  by  Passl 
•  Cavallo  •  and  the  Nuecei-all  flow  into  the  gulf  horn  the  interior  o1 
Sxas      The  Rio^Grniide  divides  Texas  from  our  sister  republic  off 
MeSc;,  a^'d  ex  ^ds  from  its  outlet,  (latitude  26°  66'  nortli  hn^ 
.^97°  S  west  from  Greenwich,)  northwest,  as  such  boundaiy  d 
El  Paso  at  the  32d  parallel  north  latitude;  and  stiU  further  northward  d 
h  Sources  ntS  mountains  of  New  Mexico,  more  than  1  300  rrules  ^ 
ien^i  from  its  mouth.     The  cides,  towns  or  Jjppmgp^^^^^^^^ 
CeL  Keys,  St.  Mark's,  Appalachicola  St.  Joseph  s,btAndre^^^^ 
PensacolaT  in  Florida;  the  city  and  shippmg-port  ot  Mobile,  in  AJ 
b2a;  th^  tow*s  of  Pearlington  and  East  Pascagoula  m  the  State, 
Eissippi;  the  city  and  i^rt  of  New  Orleans,  in  Louisiana;  an 
lab  ne  Cit;,  GalveLn,  Houston,  Velasco,  "^'^-^^ft^^;^^^ 
vacca,  Indiinola,  La  Salle,  Saluria  and  Copano,  Corpus  Chnsti,  Braz« 
^nSgo  and  Bmvnsville,  in  Texas-axe  all  situated  on  or  contiguoa 

■^^^JLtSiclnttJ^rk TamauH^^^^^  ^eraCru^^^^^  -J Y^ 
tant  to  Cape  Catoche,  form  the  southwestern  and  southern  2U^^ 
.  The  rivers  Tigre.  San  Fernando,  Santander,  the  Panuca,  anJdieTu 
Jy  Tlmpico  farbor.)  the  Tuspan.  the  Alv^ado,  and  the  San  Ju^ 
•CoatzacuWos,  the  Tobasco,  Laguna  de  Santana,  L^e  de  T^^ 
the  Rio  San  Pedro,  the  Usuoiasinta.  and  the  ^^  .^rancisco.  ^^^^^^^ 
of  less  importance,  flow  into  the  gulf  from  Mexico;  and  thetown^ 
MaS^oSrT^mp  CO,  Tuspan,  Vera  Cruz,  Alvarado.  Minatitlan,  Fn^ 
^^a^a  vSria,  and^Ca^npeachy,  Sisal  and  Menda,  are  all  «p 

"Ilan^t  trtpof  this  c^nU^^T^ 
"=^^  nfin  irresalaFcirciaaf  form,lOT^^ 

ifZr&O  miles.)  and  from  8lo  to  f  ;-f  ^^^^^^l  ^ 
1.000  maea;)  that  the  extent  of  the  coast,  from  Tortugas  tota 
.Catoche  is  ibout  2.700  mUes;  and  that  the  waters  of  the  gull  coj 
:SS^760\(S0^uare  niiles.  Inside  the  S^'^'^^^^SS 
.islands,  close,  tothe  mainland,  except  those  off  tke  capes  of  Florida. 


*  H.  Doc. 


m. 


w$ 


tWJse  adjacent  to  the  coast  nf  v.,^.  '  * 

tade2lo  30Mongittide  87°  mfLlJ^  '^^«^>  *«  Cape  Catoche  ffi 

Ajot  southwest!    Prciectki^^l:^'^^":-^^^^^  ^el^^; 

lienflraJ  mdes  nearertoCano^Po*  1  ^^^^een  these  two  nomt«i  h„* 
L.  flatitude^o  52^YonJ£rde''|™  '^  To'tugas,  ?s  Cw' 
r  island  of  Cuba,  which  island  rlH^^  southwestern  extrSiitvTf 
Uwardhr  and  then  some  580  iS'  '""^^  ^'^  «^"««  nort^  Ld 

MOtb,  and  the  reefs  and  kevs  nrp      L  ^^'^  ^«  ^^^  east.     Cuba  on  th^ 
IsOnautical  miles  dist^tfchlt"^^^^^^  t.^"'''  (betwe"enVAnd 

I  18  more  a  practical  foct  than  ?m/'^^ ''^^''^ts  of  Florida '^ 

IJraco ,  and  that  the  place  where  tS,  \   ,  ^''"J?  '"^^  the  Gulf  of 

F  'n  ?/"^'^  ^«h  those  oHhe  At?.    -^  '^''"'■^'  «"^»"g  through 
rf  each  and  al  of  these  rivers.         ^'  "^''^"^'^  «<^«»".  ^s  the  ti^e  moufh 
J  The  "straits"  extend  from  tho  Tr..,  '         ^ 

\me  length  being  more  than  thrpp?^?  "f  *°  '^^""^^  27<^50'   their 
pugastoCapeWidaifneirlvenr     i  '^^''-  ^""^^  fn>m 

fct;  ^\^^  "T"^  P«"ins?lar  coast  of  te-T  "^'J^^'  «»  the 
fcdeby  the  Bahama  banks,  the  Biminffoi        ^^rj^^'  and  on  the  east 

l»ma.8lai,ds  andthe  MaL-iilk  re^L  fc  TI^^  westernmost  Ba- 
y  11/  west,)  where  their  barrier  on  thif  f '  ^''  ^^'  ""'^h,  longitude 
km  the  "west  head"  ofthe  "Prf  .  ^  /  ^'''^  ^^^^^^  The  distnr^nZ 
^.  longitude  790  05°  vtt)  to  the  F^'^^f  '^^^^'^  (latitude  26oT2^ 
^3'  west,)  is  less  than  seveiy  .SLJ  "/  '^T'  ^"^  ""''''>  i^ongitil 
H.ts,  at  no  point  does  their  S  S;eed  'JJl.^  '  •?'"  ^"""^^^  those 
™ter.oftheplf,comributed  bV  tSTumJI.  ^ '"'^^''  ^^^^n^tnense 
«d  others  of  fess  magnitude,  are  aU  Ued  Tn  ?  "-^'^  .^'^^^  "^ed, 
kerful  currents  coming  into  th«  C  T  ^^^ving  the  gulf  bv  fh*» 

Pjatheast..  through^!  (i^aribtnTo^'^flt  ^"^  '^^^  ^^^^^ 
fboih  American  continents  as  far  south  %.T  a^  ''°^^'  ''^  *^^'«  ^'^e' 
^pe  St.  Roque,  and  even  from  the  "cmator^!^^  beyond 

J^a,  across  the  Atlantic  ocean,  throur  th'  ^^  "^^'^^^  ^'^^'-es  of 
W  vo  ume  of  water  thus  confoed  3  thmf  K  T^  '''^'''    The 
r»u^7j2?"y°^fi^«  miles  pef  hour      A  r^  '^-^'^  f traits  some- 

^sof  the  Delaware,  it  is  widened  runwfj/P'Jf  ^"?  ^"  "PP^^ite  the 
«mues  increasing  in  width  sdMfuXnor^b'T^""'^^^^^ 
Knee  as  a  cuirent,  and  upon  the  tem^"°!?  ^"?  T''  ^^  ^t«  ^n- 
yb  Atlanfc  is  perteptible VhSh  un S  ^  J'*^  fe  ^^^^"  °f  the 

Masitisty^ru^L  fof"^^^^^^^^^  - -^-^^  - 

l^rcial  resources.    No  siJar  rt?iy/g^f"^t"^«J>  mineral  and 

Jf^^^^^^snraraterio^ 

»8  of  republican  freemen,  uneatoalWK       Papulation  of  many  mil- 

J'.o;  modern  history,  ti  3^L^^;  '""^  P".^P?'  »°ticed  In  an- 


•■  # 


790 


^i   Doer.  186. 


iM-' 


maybe  quintupled/and  ihey  can  still  sustain  such  number  m  plenty  L 
Thiir  soi  and  especially  that  of  tjie  great  valley  of  the  Missifisipm. « 
of  surpassing  fertSUy ;  and  their  contributions  to  the  commerce  of  the 
wotld,  through  this  gulf,  are  the  varied  productions  of  a  re^on  spread. 
iiiir  over  18  deorees  of  laUtude  and  the  same  degrees  of  longitude, 
^d  adapted  to  the  diversified  wants  of  nearly  every  other  coua. 
try.  An^  this  great  "inland  sea,"  though  easy  of  egcesa,  is,  atth« 
sine  time,  readily  susceptible  of  defence  as  a  mare  cto«*«m,  by  the , 
States  situate  on  its  shores,  against  any  foreim  intrusion- ihey  may  de- 
cide to  interdict.  The  Mediterranean  or  Adriatic  is  not  equal  to  it, 
nor  the  Baltic,  nor  the  sea  of  Marmora,  nor  the  Euxme,  superior  to  it, 

in  this  respect.  •     1 1_    ^i.        •     .i 

The  relation  of  the  magnificent  project,  conceivedby  the  geniiisof] 

Cortez,  of  making  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  a  great  thoTou|[hfare  for  thecom.] 

merce  between  Euro^  aiid  China  and  the  East  Indies,  and  the  Pacdic 

ocean  generally,  by  ^communication  through  the  Isthmus  of  Tehuaj^ 

tepee,  will  immeasurabfy  augment  the  importance  of  this  sea.    To  the| 

benefits  which  that,  great  man,  more  than  three  hundred  years^ 

foresaw  would  result  to  European  commerce,  must  now  be  superadde 

the  advantages  such  communicatfon  will  give  to  Amencan  commerce  witl 

Asiatic  countries,  and  in  the  Pacific,  not  inferior  in  v^ue  to  that  of  Eur^ 

But  especially  would  such  communication  be  valuable  to  the  Lnm 
States  of  America  for  the  facilities  and;  secunty  it  would  aflTord  totb 
intercourse  and  trade  between  those  portions  of  this  confederacv  bordeH 
ing  on  the  Pacific -ocean  and  those  on  the  Atlantic- side  of  thisconu' 
nent.  It  is  not  deemed  extravagant  to  estimate  that  the  trade,  con? 
merce,  and  navigation  of  the  United  States,  through  Tehvanteptc  ok, 
if  a  ship  canal  there  be  practicable,  would,  withm  five  vears  from  tli 
completion  of  such  canal,  exceed  the  aggregate  value  of  all  the  presen 
external  trade  and  commerce  and  navigation  we  now  have,  large  a 
it  is.  Markets  would  then  soon  be  open  to  our  enterprising  merchg^tsi 
supplying  to  the  hundreds  of  millions  of  inhabitants  of  Asia,  and  t"- 
ricU  extensive,  and  populous  islands  in  the  Asiatic  seas,  not  only: 
tides  of  necessity,  but  also  of  luxury,  from  our  surplus  but  stiU  ca 
stantiy  increasing  stores;  and  our  trade  witii  the  islands  m  the  Pacifi 
and  to  the  foreign  States  on  its  shores,  would,  within  the  same  perio 
increase  tenfold.  We  could  then,  as  to  all  this  trade  and  comraera 
enter  into  full  competition  with  every  other  commercial  power-aa 
even  if  all  were  combined  against  us— on  terms  of  great  advantag 
tiiat  would  soon  obtain  and  secure  for  us  a  permanent  ascendency.  , 
raihoad  across  the  same  isthmus  would  result  advantageously  to  us  i 
the  same  way,  though  not  to  the  same  extent.        '    .         _ 

A  ship  canal,  or  raikoad,  at  either  of  the  other  routes  of  passa^ 
transit  to  the  Pacific,  further  south,  generally  spoken  of,  (Nicarag 
Panama,  or  AtratoV— and  a  railroad  is  akeady  in  progress  at  Panami 
must  advance^5ur  commerce  and  navigation  in  the  same  way  rbutjfc 
not  believed  they  can  he  as  valuable  to  this  country  as  the  "(M/routt 
would  be,  if  put  in  succiessful  operation.  ^  , .  .         i 

These  great  improvements  are  aUuded  to  because,  whichsoeverj 
them  is  adopted,  and  if  all  of  them  should  be  put  into  operation,  md 
of  the  trade,  commerce,  aud  navigation  to  or  through  them,  or  m 


tt-  Doc.  186. 


f^^""- 


79T 


(*%ed.  in  getting  out  of  ?he  Ko^go  ne^^'T^  elsewhere.CK 
The  chief  portion  of  all  oSr  trader      ""  Tortugas  and  Key  West. 

Cuba  and  the  We3t  Indies,  and  Spedallvw^T'  ^'^  '^^^'^"^^n  ^i  h 
van]  islands,  and  with  the  paqfpr«\f^  ^'"n  Jamaica  ancf  the  WinH 

Jough  these  strait,,  and  lik"^  ^  tK^de^"^'  ^"^"^'^'  ^^  P^^^" 
(/Europe  With  those  places  in  ,^:r' ''"'"'"'^'■'^e' and  navigation 
W.    Steam.ves8els,LThd;Vtwr^^^^^^^^  the  homeCd 

gtates,  also  pass  throdgh  the  straits  Sm^.^lM^^'"  '^^  Atlantic 
even  of  the  largest  clas|  bound  IbMhTl^yr^^fc^^^^'^g-vessels. 
Je  Bahama  banks.  The  voyage  throu5Sl^^Hr''^^3^'^'-"«sing 
(the Mpnapassage  going  near^jImatj^^JnSllHi^  P^^^^g^'  of 
metmes  pursued;  but  it  is  sev^ml  hiimJ^Mff^  A«tonio  is 
Intended  with  its  peculiar  hazard?  ^ndnJ^i^^W''  ^nd  » 
other  passage  preferable.  '  '^''  '^^^'^  «y^,  that  render  ths 

f  An  estimate  of  the  trade    oo       ' 

*.w  annually  passing  through  the  SS .?!  "'^V^''^'^^"  °f  ^^«  Gulf 
Uer  trade  commerce,  and  Ligatiol^^^-1^^  and  also  of  the 

Untnes,  above  inferred  to  as  pLui^.  he  1 J^  v.  ^'^'?  ^"^  °^  «*her 
*'rt«Wy  counting  to  $400?Oo7oio  ?r^  ''^T^'  ^""^  ^^^^ed  it 
follars)  That  it  mult  increase,  and  ranfr  ^T^'""^  '"i"'«"«  of 
«,  and  particularly  that  of  theXSi^^  an  immense 

:Florida.andtheisla^U  f^iT,";,^-^^  «nd  navigation,  the  Straits 
3  particularly  the  positio^of^^^^J^^Jf  «^  Southern  Florida 
i^hest  consequence  to  this  countryln^timTofi  TW^i^a,,  are  of  the 
Z  S?'''^  ^  ^"P*^^««t  to  th.e  commerdS  a^I  n  ^  •  "^  ^^P"'^*^^'  They 
lie  Atlantic  States,  and  of  the  AtiJ^Z^.  navigating  int^restaji 
ates  and  of  the  gulf  ports  '%r;™^«eaports  as  to  thoie  of  the  H 

California  and  OregS^h^e^rimStT.h*'^  ''^'  ^^^ 

rests  of  the  ^eat  valley  of  the  Mi^siSJ     U  ^^^  ^gr^^u^tural  in- 

eoutptsofthemilita^andnavTSSnf  J  ''^•^^  important  as 

Atlanuc  coasts,  and  as  points  froTlfu^  ^"^'^^ 

^y  are  essential  for  the  prConTall  n^^     '"*  '^'^  ^  ««^«y- 

tog  interests,  not  merely  fn,  oTu>  or  fmitK  *^^^!?f <^ial  and  navV 

Imost  of  the  West  IncUes,  and  with  ftT""'  l^  ^^^^  ''"^  with  CubJ 

«  fbrther  south,  and  ^th  S^iS^"  WrlcT^T^  ""'  '""'^  ^^^ 

tave  and  valuable  trade  with  the  rich  conn.r"     I P"?'!^*^*  ^^  «" 

mm  and  its  tributaries  being  soon  ^nS?*"^-  '^'dering  on  the 

recent  auspicious  change^T,fthraffS"ofth'."V'  ^"^'^'^^^^^  ^^^ 

"II  "rr  ??°"^  ---'^"-—  "^^  t^^^ 

^^^B=m=w&Wfsr  Uureoaimercpi«Bvtorwi;        f*^*^«t«t  andTB© 
r- Statt.  on  Ae  western  S^  ?f  S"'^"^  ^r«h  Brazil  and  „iu, 


■r       « 


h 


:tf 


r^   f 


'  M'if,\,;\l'.,j.  J  J, 


^ 


0^ 


m^^ 


■'^ 


fv\: 


■ii^iu  v.-m  ^ii 


i'fe 


^'■ 


*  < 


IT. 


798 


H.   Doc.   186. 


lieces'.i^  pass  within  sight  of  these  two  positions  above  designated, 
*SXS^  of  it  through  the  entire  extent  of  the ''Straits." 

T^tugas  is  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  to  the  Straits  ot  Florida  aid  ^ 
the  Caribbean  sea,  and  in  fact  to  the  entire  West  Indies,  what  Malta 
StotheMediterran'ean  and  Adriatic  seas,  juid  the  countries  on  their 
shores.     The  f)ositioii  of  Gih^^ltax  with  reference  to  the  commerce 
Sing  throug\i  the   Gut  into  and  out  of  the  Mediterranean  is  not  a. 
S^mLding  as  is  the  position  of  Key  West,  with  refereiice  to  all  tlJ 
iZiense  commerce  of  this  country,  foreign  and  dpmestic,  and  that 
oTioreign  coiintries,  passing  through  the  Straits  ot  Florida.     The  toru- 
fications  at  the  Dar^ielles.  do  not  move  completely  eontipl  the  entrance 
to  the  sea  of  Marmora  and  that  to  the  Euxine ;  or  the  Castle  ot  Cron- 
berff  that  ot  the  Baltic  through  the  sound  at  Elfemore;  than  the  forts 
nt  lev  West  and  Tortugas  wUl,  when  tinished  and  garrisoned,  andl 
'aidei  by  the  modern  naval  power  of  steam-frigates-the  most  tormida-l 
,^le  eyer  known— control  the  entrance  to  the  Straits  ot  Florida,  .inditsP 

'^Ke'ytwSfi's  one  of  the  finest  harbors  in  the  United  SUates.    TlJ 
largest  ^hips-of-war  can  enter  it  at  any  time  with  facility.    The  anchorj 
agfis  secure,  and  it  and  also  the  Tortug...  are  being  well  forihedJ 
Tortugas  protects  Key  West  on  the  south  and  west,  and  the  latter « 
equallj  essential  to  the  full  protection  of  the  former      As  Key  ^Vesj 
has  a  channel  of  ingi^ss  .md  egress  from  and  to  the  Gulf  ot  Mexico  J 
well  as  from  and  to  the  Straits  of  Florida  and  supported  as  it  .  b 
Tortugas,  having  similai-  channels,  it  would  require  lor  the  blockade^ 
a  naval  force  in  either  thrice  the  strength  ot  the  force  blockaded;  an 
the  blockading  tbrce  must  necessarily  be  so  divided  as  to  prevent  d 
junction  giving  it  eflfective  superiority.     These  two  posiUons  ^v,lll 
formidable  to  Sny  power  that  may  provoke  this  country  to  a  war,  m 
that  has  possessions  in,  or  convenient  to,  the  West  Indies;  for,  bes.^ 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  not-only  the  Havana  and  Matanzas,  but  t 
entire  island  of  Cuba,  and  every  other  West  India  island,  and  the  wh 
Caribbeaii  Sea  and  its  coasts,  could  be  successfully  blockarled  by , 
vigilant  and  effective  force  of  wai-^teamers  to  rendezvous  tliere.  Fro* 
thence  any  point  in  the  region  nanied  could  be  assailed  in  ,9  few  hoar 
Another  consideration  giveaoionsequence  to  this  nosition  with  reM 
ence  to  the  interests  of  the  fradc,  commerce,  and  navigation  beM 
referred  to.     From  a  report  made  to  the  Coast  Survey  office  by 
agent  of  the  underwriters  of  our  Atlantic  and  other  seaports,  it  apjx 
ihat,  from  the  ymr  1846  to  November  1, 1862,  the  number  oCaVmerd 
vessels  wrecked  the  Florida  reefs,  keys  and  coast,  arid  brought  d 
Key  West,  was  252;  and  the  aggregate  value  of  the  ships  and  ca^ 
was  47.932,000^    The  salvors  were  awarded  on  this  property  |7a8,3U 
or  about  ten  per  cent,  average  salvage  ;  and  the  ^xpefes  incurred  w 
$389,360— about /?«c  iter  cent,  more :  amounting  in  aU  to  51  ,lb7,oy/j 

SKorei  JsTssels  and  cargi^es  wrecked  there,  are  not  mcludod. 
esUmated  they  equal  at  least  oncjinh  of  our  own  in  number  and  nU 
Those  vessels  that  were  supposed  to  be^  enUrely  lost,  and  the  crel 
of  which  probably  perished,  are  not  esUmated  in  the  statement. 


H.   Doc.  136. 


799 


l^P^ftl^X^^  -r-^  -c^ed  vessZ 
««.  enforced  by  the  a^m Ay  court  'k1  "'.f?^^"""  °f  ^^  "«^^'''' 
«^  of  Congress,  is  judicio J^dfaW^^^  ^''''  ""^'^^  ^"tb«-ty  of 
1    The  extended  introduction  n    1  .  "• 

defying  the  currents  and  the  st^l-Thp"  "''''^^^^''°"  ^^  «team  power, 
knowledge  of  the  reefs,  and  keT  and  .nT'''^"  "*  '""'"^  ^«="rat^ 
U.rse  of  the  winds;  a^d  theSCd  sS  t?^  '"'■''"^^^'  ^^  ^^e 
part  of  navigators,  and.  the  erectfon  of  fnrTl.  ^''^^*^'  ^^'^  «»  the 

ieacons,  buo^s,  &c.-it  is  hoped  mar  rp'         "f  ^^^^''J  njht-houses,  # 
oD.tbose  reeiS  and  coasts,  and  the  imm'^^T  '^'^  ""'"berof  wrecks^ 
Uiefly  by  .a./em  mercha^S^  or  shin  nr  '"  ^"''^'  '"^^^^^^d  thereby, 
there  will  always  be  ma^  unavddE?r'  ^  '"'"™«  ^^^^^^  bu 
navigation,     rfe  subjectVf  5ev  te  ^^  ^«*^ndant  upon  that 

prevention   of  shipwrecks  an?l  V^l^  .    "'''^"«'   booking  to  the 

LtmctionofpronLyonthereef^rr"'   -^^^^     "^  ^""^'''"  ^f-   anl 
Lends  itself  to  tL  consi^atLt  of  everTTr '^^^  W^«^'  -«'^- 
Provision  for  the  destitute  marinei  caL  unnT.f  ^'  ''T"  statesman. 

Ltes^L^fe^^^^^^^^^  .There  are  no  public- 

laorm,  or  by  having  been  ashori    nl^       sb'ps  mjured  in  battle  or  bv 
Isidcand  Norfolk,  g,  vlrgi.lfon'tho  aT  '  •'"  .^«"«^^«1^'  «"  the  guTf 
Itespital  at  Key  West.  ^Sr™  no  n       ?  ^'^I^',.  There  is  no  naval 
Lrehouses.     Thera.arc  no  singes" of^I'v.]"  '"  r"^'^  "^^^'"'^  «^  " 
|.««««;,«  oy  war.     There  are  nTSlic  ^nnr       "^'^^^V  «^'««'«^«^*  or 
Ik  steamers,  or  other  naval  orl£ar^  .S^r'  "^  T^'T'"' '  "«  -««^' 
Ideposite  them  in,  if  taken  ther^     S.^        ^'''"^  ^?"'^'  °'  P^^^^s  to 
t  refitting  of  vessels.     There  are  non.^H"  ""  ""^^1!^*  ^°^  ^^^e  repair 
Mements,  or  tools,  or  macWnerT or  tackle  f  '''""'^tT'  ""'  ^«'«^"^'' 
oase  is  the  same  at  Tortuga-T  Th.  nV         '  °'  '"''^  "''J^^^t.    And  the 
«  atPensacola,  six  hunSl  l^LaTotlZ^'T^'^'l^l^^^^^^ 
JUDdred  mfles  up  the  Atlantic  cSls!  ^  '  ''"'^  ^"'■^^^^'  "''^^ 

fctT  TtTh  ""^  P"""^""*  ^^^^^^S'^t   demands   a  chancre   in  th 
ppects.     At  the   present   session  r,r  n^.  i^ncuige  m  these 

Uy  thousand  do4s  is  ma?e"?ore3^^^         «n  'ippropHation  of. 
H  purposes,  at  Kev  WeJ ''    1V«     ^'^bhshmg  a  depot  for  coal,  for 

ta  in'  thrfortkcaSs'^ley  &"&" "  ^""T  '"^^'^  pW 

«de.  It ia  believed.  soundSomTdSta^^sffsnS'  ^'"^«^-'K«^ 
Ji  given  as  would  enable  them  tnh«  1      ,  ^"'''',  ^"""""ts  Should 

hKS^Ipr^i^Sr^^^^^^^  ^°  -,-  -dezvous  for  our 

H  and  dock  rer^risTS  t^.^'„^,f„^^^  "^.hty  of  a  public  ship- 
let.    That  port  should  be  rehp^^^fr^f  "^^  "^  '"  ^^^^^^  ««  the  sut 

Jd  materids  for  repairinrand  refC^  BF  shTp:cEandleiy 

[ant-vessels,  iniureJ  InTnv  1?  r  ^.  ""'  f'"P^-«^-war  and  mer- 
[takenin  by "'saivor^'^r?;  n-'t"^  ''T^^  P"'  ^"  there,  or 
tl  would  be  a  ju7and  f  ?  ^^f.^^^^bment  there  of  a  naval  hos- 

tplaoe  for  tl J  United  sJ  "',  ™''^"'"'^'-  ^^  ™^^  '-^  «top- 
-6f      .     r  United   States  mail  steamers  betyveen  Chagrw 


k^ 


i    V   I  ©-^    *      ^    M 


,'M  ^ 


t  . 


S'4    '      I    « 


■  '%♦ 


m*i\ 


'"V    . 


i*   ',H 


." 


j^i  Doc.  i8t. 


iilo 

and  New  York  and  NeW  Orleans,  and  all  others  going  to,  or  re- 

JSrning  from  the  South,  the  advantage  thereby  afforded  of  shipping 

wrckid  ™ods  bv  the  large  steamers  directly  to  New  York  or  to  fjew 

Scans  St S^irnportatt  to  the  insurers  an(H.thers  interested.   The 

Sop'ron  of  the  measures  suggested  could  not  but  result  beneficially  j^ 

the  country  in  every  respect.     To  wait  till  circumstances  of  necessity 

forcrsuch  results-^till  pnvate  interests  ore  constrained  or  induced  to 

•build  up  private  ^abuFhments,  and  provide  the  means  for  making  Key 

West  a  rendezvous  and  haven  and  depot,  as  suggested-is,    t  is  con- 

ceived  shortighted  policy.     Public  and  general  interests  are  nvolved, 

rnrpubUcXf  rnmeWal  aid  should  be  yielded    Key  West  willbecome 

moreCd  Xe  essential  as  a  place  of  depot  for  American  coal  as  the 

Seam  navV  and  steam  mercantile  marine  increases.    If  T^huante^ 

shoukl  be  Lade  a  good  route  of  transit  or  of  passage  to  the  Pacific, 

Sey  West,  being  in  the  direct  pathway  of  steamers  from  thence  to  the 

Atlantic  ports  and  to  Europe,  and  about  rmdwayf  f^^  voyage  to  and 

from  New  York,  will  be  Absolutely  indispensable  to  the  steamers  m 

^'^Co'gtr:^^^^^^^^^^  in  favor  of  Key  West'bejnginadea 

prhcfpal  naval  station,  and  for  ^stabl^hmg  a  navy-yard  thereof  the 
g  tXss.    Besides  those  arising  from  its  peculiar  advantages  of  po«. 
tion  before  alluded  to,  in  time  o?  war  and  of  peace,  the  facility  ot  pro- 
curin^all  kinds  of  naval  timber  chcaplv,  and  also  of  tar,  pitch.  and| 
turocntine,  from  the  contiguous  public  (ibmam  on  the  peninsula  ,s 
•  mSer  deserving  consideration.     At  any  rate,  it  should  be  made . 
Siary  yard  for  the  repair  and  rrjitting  of  vessels-of-war  injure  , 
-bSe  5^6y  storm,  evenlf  it  should  be  deemed  injudicious  to  cmm 
oiS  ships  there.    Large  sums  have  heretofore  been  ex^nded  d 
-Port  Mahonfand  elsewbert  in  teeign  ports,  by  the  Umted  States  f3 
Sar  limited  public  establishments.    If  provision  is  niade  by  lawj 
SwTng\^n  proper  tefms,  the  use  of  such  works  for  the  repair, 
Sing  of  wrecked  merchant-vessels,  it  would  be  highly  advantage. 
to  the  commercial  and  navigating  interests  of  the  A  lantic  seaboard. 
The  superior  eligibility  of  Key  West  as  a  naval  station  and  dejK 
and  the  sSund  policy  of  fcrtifying  it  strongly,  have  bng  since  been  ura 
™  tLTovcrnment  by  officers  of  the  army  and  navy  at  the  heJ 
Zir  prbf^ion.    President  Monrc>e^8  me8sag|e,  Jannary  20^  1823^ 
Setary  Thompson's  communication  referring  to  Commodore  MJ 
W^^eport.  L.  8ta,  Pa.,  tit.  Naval  Affam,p.  871 ;  alsc,  Comnjc 
'Sers's  repi)rt,  November  24.  1823.  tlnd.,p.  1121;  also  Pre*J 
:.  SSi's  executive  order,  April,  1829,  and  Secretory  Branch  s^p 
in  1829,  Sen.  Dhc.,  Ut  »esi.  2Ut  Cong.,  vol.h  No.  1,  p.  37  .  and  Coma 
dore  Rodgers's  report,  ibid.,  p.  «86 ;  also  President  Jackson^smeya, 
U^%&  and^Seiretary'^Branch's  letter  and  Captain  Tauidl. 
ort,  Sen.  Doc,  Ut  .«..  2Ut  Cong.,  vol.  2,  No.  3,  pp.  1,  2.  and  6, 


rtMauiy's^rt.  ibid.,  ^.  116  and^79  to  184;  and  Lieutenan  * 
TV's  qpsays  in  Anthem  Literary  Messenger  oi  May.  1840,  «p.  3  , 
2c.;   an^d  numerous   similar  papers  to  be   fo""^  m  the  pubW 
4oamif»ts  of  Congrew  since  1821,-8how  this.    The  kte  Commo 


..itib . 


®-   DoSx.  136. 

David  Porter,  at  different  times  nffi  •  „  ^^  . 

nations  published  in  the  n^f:  °® ""'^y  ««d  unofficiaflv  in  mm        • 
<!urrence  with  Conwodore  S^^^^^''  expressed  his  une' ^^Tf"""'^ 
importance  of  Key  West  nnJ^^^"  ^"  the  opinion  he Vil?  7°^^  ^°"- 
that  should  be  rZZT  ^^  ^^^ug^s,  and  of  thp  n^i^       ""^  ^^  S^eat 
iiH>dore  Porter  wS?h'''*  "-^^P^^^  '^  those  ^tj^^^'7  fd  meafures 

gle  for  independTnc  "fer  f  ^'^  ^P^Kmei^ointr  ''""^"^ 
settled,  as  a  noint  nf  T    i    P^^"'  ^e  used  Kev  W»  *    '  l     "  "®^  strug- 

to  be  protected  bv  a  cl    •    7^^  Havana  and  Mant-,^  enaoied  to  well 

In  tie  celebraSd'r^S  C^^'"^^  «^^*  ""^i  aS'4  Laf  T^^' 
JV«.  243, 1,/  ,,,,.  24^^!^  Congress,  April  8, 1836^S^  ^^Wde.         . 

War  under  Genera    tT'^^"/ "^^de  by  Genera  rl«  \U^' P""''-  *"'^-  6, 

bodies  all  theZ;l^f"^««"'  ^"^  ^'"^h,  it  has  been  ^^»  ^-TW^y  <>{ 

ms  as  an  ecoSv!.  1   ''^T''  ^^^  g^nerd  sZtZ   ."^""^'^^fed,  em- 

pitions  like  Key  Wesf^'',^'^^"^^^  ^^ans  of  1^"?  ^«^?t  fortifica- 

ottions  to  tht  svste,n    •  ""*  ^^'^"gas  aro  exceD,eH  I'''  'H'  ^*^"°tiy, 

inaiycoastiXSnro"T^'  ^-^  1^^^ -eZ  wut^ tt  r^^^^ 
Mval  works,  m.,  ppTl    Ts  1  '"^^  ^^"^'-    They  aTe  rather  „  ""^T  °^ 
The  opinions  exSsed  n,  /  ^f '  *  "'''^^ 

tothe  United  States  in  th     .  ""  ^^'^  ^^^"^  of%ey  Wp^.      ^  m 
iar^byno  means  pe^iLrlTK"™'"^^  ^"^  PaplKbove""^  7'''^"8^ 
|e^ressedthem.nora;erhe^;'LT^^^^^  ^'^  ^nd  ofer^wEh'^' 

m  of  peace  in  fT    """"' '"  ""^  ^"of  ms  .fl,"^  "S""?  "f  Eaa 
1188,  when  they  we^e  i^^^V''''''''  '™S  i^  herlS""""  '"'' 

'^olmoreimportanceWGreat  rS!^  •        ^^  °ther  Florida  tl^I 

u  h^^^b^^  -^"-^w^crc^err^i^ 


^^^    „„  °.-L        ^°""P*a   nro  "  unh/>Mlil...  ti       ■„    "^^^ 

''  ■  ,1'    .  .    .  ■  V  ^ 


i  !*    ml 


m 

1 

'4 

q 

r 

!:*  J'l 

Ilti 

Hj_ 

802 


H.  i)oc  18^ 


'  J  *  •   ««t  a  ffood  reason  for  withholding  the  means 
••«>rv  creat  extent,  and  it  is  noi  a  5       _™pas;ties  ereater,  for  such  works 

He^dvantages  are  ^-V^^^'-^^'^'' SZ  Z^'  ^  ^"^^  ^^  ^« 
Sxere  than  at  oSier  places.    Be«^^^^  ^^^^^  fri^tes.  (ifesti- 

construction  tess  than  the  aggyegate  remembered  that  our 

mated  at  only  f  <>«f  ^.^^^^^jfei  d^^^^^        the  amount  opheir  prime 
naval  ships  ordinariljr  reqmre  m  eig     y 

cost  for  repairs,  retittuigr  »c.  ,       .^  ^^^^  forts  were  besieged, 

The  objection  has  also  ?eenurg  subsistence  or  other  succor. 

there  would  be  difficulty  ma Wmg  them         ^^  ^^^^  ^    ^^^^  ^^^^^^^ 

It  is  not  easy  to  ^'"^S^^^.^XTneghgence  and  want  of  nrecautm.. 
produced  by  a  course  of  fl«§tantne^^^^  ^^    ^^^^^  ^^  ^ 

with  respect  to  them,  that  it  is  "«;  >uie  y  _  officers.     And  it  is 

Ir^ment^  time  of  war,  nor  by  our  ^"^^^^^^  ,^,,^\ 

denied,  if  such  were  the  .^^^^^^y,^,'^^^^^  (such  as  Bahia  Honda  and 
jacent  coasts,  especially  if  some  ottoe^^^ 

key  Vacas)  nearer  the  capes  are  protectea    3^        .  ^e  supposed 

&d  cai  be  done,^artnflm^^^^^^ 

that  there  w*»  no  "^^«ifj'^^  "^^^^  hi  been  made  in  crude  essays  m 
to  repel  the  enemy.     The  J^^^f  ^^^^^where  re-echoed  thatCubJ 
poUtTcal  newspapers,  and  ^t  has J)een  ^^        ^^^  ^^^  ^^^^  ^.^^^  ^^  ^^  1 
&e  Havana,  and  the  Moro  Cast^^  axe  .^^^^^^  ^^  ^  ^^ 

S^unguished  naval  or  nvd,t^y  "'f-'^^,  ^^ve  value  6f  te  J 

8Uion3,  i.d  of  Cuta,  and  ol  th^  "»2ed  on  undisputed  facts,  a.dl 
UMnpJwrted  by  any  sound  '^'^'^' Xrbr  vievis  ofpolicy  bejondJ 
Z  ireraUy  been  "g^^  «•'-»"  The  Sea7  the  ?IavL  LJ 
t  mere  prelection  of  our  commerce.  "5^  ^  Tortugas  are  fonlJ 
Ldi  as  a  key  to  the  guK  »hen  ^^^  ^f' "    ,erou9     The,  m\ 

wmdwaxd  of  Cuba,  an«.^^-  .    ,      f  the  commerce  of  the  gull  4 

outside  ^e,ir^*fy  ^SiiUrcUnelsof  ingress  and  egwssto  J 
slxaits;  and  they  have  diflerent^an^^^^^^^        ^^  ^^^^  ^^  .^j^       - 

g«lf  and  the  strai^,  whi  e  ^^e  ^vana  n  ^^^^^^  ^^^^^  ^^  ^^  | 
ftraits.  Vessels  bound  to  SJ  "^^^^f'^.'to  the  Flori<la  keys.  Hj 
Ma?:S  tTe  rbldln?re-ally  leeward  Coast  of  Cuba,! 

^?;rsK  which  to  maU^^^^^^^^^^ 

tion  bjaea,  either  m  the  W^^^^^Xforf  been  observed,  Key  WeJ 

beyond  the  Caribbean  r*  *'i^^^  ^SnsTn  possession  of  the  UJ 

.^=^^ugaa  are  the  most  favorable  ^^^  E«v^  officers  areJ 

Slates!    Foreign  statesmen  ai^dmiUtoiy  ana  ^^  ^  ^^^^^^^ 

apprizedof  this;  and  ^l^^^^vXpe  a   a^^^^^     force  wiU  ^^ 
us  and  any  navri  power  of  Europe^  a  lar^^  ^  ^^     d 

with  despalched  by  the  e»emy  to  thf  y  ^^     >^     ^^^^  ^^      1 


lo  conf 


#; 


:-",l 


-.called  puSS"eSl^';,*«-'''-4 a„S°Si*|L'  f  If"""-  "^^ 

(he  of  the  most  „<,„f  i      .  '  Possession  of  and  for- ' 

I'CoaaSarVev*^  tLV  ?"'  P"'''ie  "ndertak;„™  •     i 

fenced  if  iW8»d^r"'*<''''°'wa^Tkl"^^^  "  the 

inn«„^^j  .-     *p»o,  and  are  exfon,].- "  ,*t;ei,  Keys,  anri  nnoo* — 


Ml 


^^S;^'"^'- ^^™efr  ra^^ 


|o  inteUiMQj  man      A 


h  "^^sw'tsTaT-""'  ^-"s^hoCinL'r  r*"""^ 

rwof  thL  li.if  ?  w""  "■  1848.    Th»  »n„i    5  "°  "■"  "PPro- 
L»^^^^^/   ^''  aad  reefe  of  ftonda.  and  iSo^ 


lli 


.  ,1'. 


If  " 


['9  ' 


8Q4 


^^ 


*■*  "  «rl!rS;ifKa    V  ,K,rL„s  of  .he  CO 


*     **• 


the  "  Coast  ourvcj,  y^SLsIfoW  Some  portions  of  ^e  co 
will  be  found  to  ^^^  ^jl^^^  gU^^^^  surv'^ednhouA  the 
delineated  have  not  ^  yet  been  f^^^^^^^^  i#TW»Kres8%  as 


^  as  fijicftf  as 
.r^yedhl^J 


unsurtiyed  hlte4)een 

'  i  fr6m*tl»  l^aftiaTf  or 

lurvey  officer^    The 

piftiiic .  estsibKB^ent 


Attainable  1 
moi 


^W'--^ 


respects  the,^asih  ui  *«-  r,VlVnliii«r.   The 
iMiBwn-from  the  lormer  su^^eys^u    ^ 

>n*^  M  *^,^iM^'Xnce?nd  professionL 

seems  fUch  is  not  the  »s>^--.. 
j3-;.MiiBSW*,Km  these  and  all  similar  ^o1^s^,m  ^  „ 
'^^,'fllKfflKi^i^  Particularly  those  by  ahipweck, 
>*#t#  WM^Bci^ed.    Their  salutary  results  m 

Werceived  by  many,  .^ve^he  n,^- 
from  destruction  by  the  charts  of  hid- 
iroiu  ,u^  fiimifihedbv  the  "Coast 


1^ 


■donc^c 


^     temp/»tsip6sed  mamer,  when  his  ^nip  ^^^  ^^^^  ^^ 

?.i)e6t  tHend,|  ,  .  '      ^*  ' 

!sV    '^.1      '  *  WRECKS. 


fiSL     <^  w,    t'Kn,  been  compiled  from  Sen.  1)66.  No. 242i 

1  The  foUowing  st^tetnentJms  been  gomp  ^^  ^^  jO^. 

Tm  session  30th  Congress,  t>P- 26.  ^6,  ana  i«a  ,^F    ^^  ^^^  ^, 

6en.  Doc.  No.  3,  2d  ^s^."  ^^£9^^^^^^^^  1861-*62,  p.  Uj  andotk 
ten.  Doc.  No  42  ist-session  3^dq^^^^^^^  .;  ^^^  ^M^^ 

^' WerJiers"  in  New  York,  for  1852  "         <  ^^ 


. 


)  ' 


Crst^ars,  whep  there  were  ^^^    ^j        u 

other  nations.    ^P^^^v^t 290  vessels.    TJie  eilMPf^   . 
wrecks  is  altogether  a^t  290  ^se         ^^  i^pB^sh«ta( 

from  «alvag^  b^  ch^g  ^missions,  exchange,  •coming 


^-  J>oc.  13G. 

THE  COTTON  CROP  op  THB  Hvx^ 

"   THB  UNITED  STATES. 


80^ 


^obPCtrialtToS  "'»»*<'  ''"'^^  '^Bpeotl 

retting  to  tEoW^"'  «*"]"*''  'nd  comS  f,L  "  J?''-  ■  T*""  ^'e 

1.  That  indiCL^  S°Z'"  *'  P"'"^''  States. 

TtefiLSrallv.r"'''''?"-''        .  "Js"  sometimes 

dmce  qnalittes  or  ^^  •  r    j  """^  ''™gs  a  much  hiX  *^  'alter 


M  white  th^  s?o»e™dd:"Cl  *  "-«'■>"  Stt 

E  ,•  V  ^"  ^aasons,  uawa^&i  W'^^OO  pounds  to  each 
CS"l  H'-  "'°<^  ""d^rtSf ,™  r,'  agJi-y'  and  with  Zd 
KM,  have  been  produced  Th?h  ^.  W*f  %phnd  cottofto 
fnof  cotton,  and  th»  *?j         ..    '  """"f*  emnloved  In  ■>,        •  •' 


'•1  •• 

L  Jt 

uM 

1 

•-    d 

-<« 

m 

^'i    i  ■ ' 

i.fliH 

ir     i  - 

^'f^PI 

? 

,    fj. '  ■ 

^  products.  *.    ...  .u_  ^^^  «f  tSrymaSon''"''  Potatoes|vtacl 

ates  adapted  tn  .»,J ^i?..,,       *;?. 


mthp  Blln..f  ,S[_1-         .    *v 


bneitfhr  -  .  o^"»'y  cultivated,  and  thfi  nJ^^T  r         ."'^  snort^staple 
f  awnand  for  sea-island  is  not^SI;i^     "  ^^^^  «hort  slrole.  AnJ 

P«<W»atetexnu^  Itis  no|^^^»  "^J  <^ton  ^unbi^s  of  tfi.;^ 
'  wt»cle«  pas^  .off  a^^BJK    i£  lf^  *"  *^  mknufa«tum 


S06 


iL  Doc  idac 


■T 


«iv  cotton  equal  in  ffn^ness,  length,  and  strengUi  of  fibre,  and  of  such 
« SenST  i  the  sea-island  of  South .  Carohna,  Georgia,  and  Florida. 
TWrsuwri^r  ty  is  doubtless,  in  a  degree,  owing  to  tl&e  peculiar  adaD- 
SnoTTeSate  and  soU  of  parts. ^  those  States  to  ^^^ 
^Li  .„♦;«„  «r  ti.nt  tJnrI  of  cottoh;  but  it  is  also  attributable  to  tne  great 
IJt^ntrrgiveK  Us  c^i^S'by  intelligent  and  pbserving  planters. 
^S  tCelves  of  the  kids  of  chemical  and  agqcultural  science- 
s'^ ex^rlmeii'ts  from  year  to  year  for  improving  the  Presses  of 
.^vation.^d  for  increasing  the  exceUfence  as  well  as  the  quanUty 
^S^e  Tod^t;  andwhopUtby  the  [pracUcal  experience  of  their 
anteressors  ofmore  than  hedf  a  century.  •  i     j«     ». 

TheTei^  accounts  exhibit  the  progress  of  the  «  sea-isl^d"  <^^^^^ 
<,rop  of  tWs^untry  from  1806  to  1862  inclusive,  fuller  than  hey  do 
Srog^eTs  of  the^rop  of  "upland"  cotton,  for  the  reajo"  that  the  for- 
mer^haf  been  mosUy  expertcd,  whilst  a  large  porUon  of  the  latter  h^ 
Xayrbeen  consumed  m  die  United  States.  Prior  to  1806,  no  di*- 
Son  was  made  in  the  trea^ry  reports  between  the  »  sea-island" 
aSd"  other  cotton,"  styled,  in  a  treasury  report ^of  1836,  "common 

^  The'treasury  accounts  show,  that  during  the  years  1790  '91,  and 
'92  abo^^S44  pounds  (if  cotton  of  all  kinds,  foreign  and  domestic 
4luST$137,737,  were'eayor^^  from  the  United  States.     There  had 
Se^W^^  mto  the  United  States  previously,  and  during  that  pend, 
SeTS  to  a  considerable  amount.     The  tmpmat^ms  v^^hm  the 
vTSfnamed  were  about  889,111  pounds,  which  valued  a    the  same 
Se  i  that  exported,  amounted  to  $202,014.    The  tmvormtons  of  for- 
S^rtwcoST  during  those  three  years  exceed  the  exportations 
ir,6^7  pounds;  and,  consequently,  either  the  yhole  of  the  do^stic 
crops,  alff  likewise  that  much  of  the  foreign  (and  miported  raw<^tbn, 
^^thrconsumed  in  the  United  States ;  or  a  portion  of  the  domest. 
onms  was  exported,  and  a  greater  amount  than  is  above  stated  of  the 
Sn  mw  coK  was  consumed  in  the  United  States.    ^The  quanuty 
tPZ^rTcotU^  consumed  in  the  United  States  in  these  tl.ee 
years  is?  hoWever,  estimated  in  a  treasury  report  of  1801  at  270,720 
Si.  which  wiuld  hiake  the  .expoij^tion  of  domestic  cotton  m  those 
?^^s  114  663  pounds.    It  is  kiipwn  that  some,  though  hmited  quanU- 
^^ofd^k  mw  cotton  were  "sent  to  Great  Britain  jn  the  yeai^  spe- 
S;  wTL  correct  accounts  thereof  camiot  now  be  obtained  and 
aSr^with  iL  explanation,  it  has  been  deemed  P^PPer  to  s^  J 
Se  expof^ations  for  those  years  as/aretgn  cottpn,  as  m  feet  mostqftheml 

"^The  only  accounts  of  the  entire'  annual  crops  of  the  ^nited  8u 

ibBt  can  d  obtained  are  unoflScial,  except  the  decennial  censuB  s 

jnonts.    The  ^^e^mmercial"  accounts  are  usually  stated  as  from  he  1 

r^.J!Xi.S^  that  year.  "^  ^M^T^  ^^''S^Z 
^  each  yewln  the  80th  day  of  June,  (the  W  day^f »]»«  *«^^ 
^tbe  federal  gomnment.)  and  befcre  the  entw  cro^^^  riie  pwvK) 


^  Doc.  136.  '  ' 

year  has  been  received  in  ,««  i        ,  ^07  '       :     .;^ . 

wch  season.  cloSlnT^  ''•^^'■'  ««Ji«^ates  nZ  Zr^^'^'I-  ^^  *^«  ^J^- 
The  e.po^:7l:iS^^^fs^ ^eneSrcotrer'  ""  "^P<>^ 
-«-  penods.  have  beenf  folK^  ^^^  ^^^^  Unite/states.  within 
Jn  1805,  '6,  and  7 

In  Sfif^f )-■"-•;;;:: ''Z\'f  pounds.    ^      ^     -. 

y    ^S09,  '10,  and  '11  ,   949,oSl  » 

In  1812,  '13,  and  '14  ('v^'l 25,297,867   « 

J"  1815 ■^^(vvax) 11,022,993   «.        «       '.- 

In  1821,  ^22,  and  '23  "  ■ ' 8,449,951       ♦«  ?-      f  i  *^ 

In  1849, '50,  and '51 '■■■ H731,389      «  '    <    ' 

^^1852 28,505,378       u;  t  f 'C 

TbeannuaJexportsofwseaLV'y,;' ^^'^^^5       m"  >  |it^'^, 

excepting  the  yiars  1845  '4fi    !o^    ^"""^  ^r  the  last  «,W.^  I 

the  exports  of  the  ^^nn^.S'  }■'  ^^'  ^nd  '62,  were X„  •     ^^  ^^^^TS,  I , 

of"serisland''cotonh,'"'*^"'^^^-     The  Sa^J"  ^^^V  than  IH^I,^ 

cotton."    The  "emSl    .m  ^?^  ^^^^  so  ^ea"  ar^  ^S  '"  ^^  P"ce«  I      ^  14 

tinued  in  force  tiU  tS"'    l^^  ^«^eraber?2   1807       ^  S  "  ''^ei:  ft'  '^ 

ktoqua..ti^p?oSl'l^^^^^^  |h 

mjunoBshr  affected   f)iJ  ^1     ^^"^  ^"1^7  restored  m  t  ^        ^"tam  ,^    F/  J 

years  I8T2,  ^iTan^f^r^'ri^''''  -^^^0^^  S/^oZ?'/''?'^  f  i^           , 

States  of  raw  "sea  i^l^nVM    ^^"^  ^""^I  consumnrinn  ^  ^"  C"""  *^e  A  I  <.| 

W  one-hundredth  rft^       '^""^"'  «  >«  estimat^n!'  '"/^^  United  kIIII      I 

!« about  100,000 1^^^^^^  ~     '    /^ 

liRPflfk.  cAponea  m  loreicn  ahA  tu^.^  •     ;•        "'nerent  kinds  Af         I  If  ''" 

P  th«  mwrafe  m/ae,  of  <«  sen  iS.  5?,  "'^*  '^  domestic  vessels  .»f«  f   "  ^'  1;    '* ' 

N  m  the  published  reports      ?^"^    ^"^  «^  "  ^ther  colton "  a^pT!         f  I  '  li 

^B'^'^^^-^S!-^^'"^    lift 

S»  *PP?^«'  •"'Ift^Md  dTM^-  »"°^  fi^        H  ^      " 


#   t 


<■  '^ 


■,] 


808 

raised  in  the  United 
quantity,)  may  be  ci 
.A  comparison  of ' 
••all  other"  doip--* 


fab86ryed^.n«ce88arily  limited  in 
upon. 


^JETof  'f s^a-island"  6otton  with.those  of 

.•all  other"  dorpe^^.^^^^^ 

•7  the  former  9W<»unted  to  23.809,7 W  i^una8,|^j^^ 

ter  exported^dpring.  the  same  .I^^^^^^ ji^Tess  thJS  a>«A. 
proportion  of  "sea-island  ^^^^^"^^^iiiililiuanuty.  In  1821, 
andfto  the  ^tire  exportatioa  less  t™^™-^  ^^.V  ^^      ^j^^ 

'22,  and  '^3, the  pronortion  ^^  /f^T^^^^  and  '61  thatprcv 

-^2^m^hS^^r  lftheMar'l852,  ^^^^^ 
port»oi>«gri  11  7^076  tJounds,  and  the  proportion  tg.the  entu^e  «, 

I^^Sn  '  /"  Itt^n  crS^^^^^^  United  States  haB  increased  since 
i7Q0%tE  frapl^  -eCple^  in. history,  by  any  l^roduct  of 
1790 A  with  a  rapioiiy  ^„ jymentatiqn  in  respect  of  quantity,  as 

agricultitfe,  m  any  country.  Its  ^"8^^"^""^"  f  ^^  manufacture  for 
^  fbr.^  Titrj^ctf oT:^^^^  its  ..ra.»  state, 

eayoriaiwm,  and  te  ^"^"^""^^r  ^f/^L^^nce  ahd  value  as  ^  artick 

rilS^^S^tseiuencT^^^^^  -  an  article  of  heces^ 

i  ^-n JtL  Ss  of  employment  to  the  manufacturing  cla»f 

SlVnS  Sf ciaSy  of'oLt  Britain)  a.d  of  tbs  country,  is  db 

without  precedent.  '^  domestic  ^tvUni  cotton  anterior  to  1801.    , 
The  ex^orrnvm  .^f  .^^"Jf  "^^X^^n  for  the  rea^ns  before  stated.. 

lows: 


■^ 


°    Exporis^/raw  cotton  fr^  the^tJnk^  St(Ue$.  i^^ 


YWTB. 


cotton. " 


Iti^06,4.aBd'7.. 

.&fe  1808 ■--•I 

fE  1809, '10,  and '111 
%  In  1812, '13,  jmd '14. 

^Inl8i6 : 

In  1821, '22,  and '23. 

~~^  In  1^49,^60,  afid  *fitT 


**^' 


InlSW., 


.Po 

114,18 

9,G8 

181,012;086 

54,703»407 

74,648,796 

408,560,381 

2,660,716>684 

1,081,492,664 


Pomidt' 

137,992,011 

1^630,446 

206,309,963 

66,726,400 

8^^,747 

443,291,770 

1,693,236,639 


:  The  official  returns  show  that  the  i«<^^ «?  ^^XTb^J 
ijj^ns  of  aU  kind,  of  dome8t»c  raw  cotton,  since  it  h^,^ 


$32,004,001 

■  Oarimpc 

2,220,9| 

Bodoo 

33,274,4i 

■  the  yeai 

-     8,087,69 

■coQsideri 

17,629,2i 

m  not  8h( 

64,638,0i 

Pjgn  artic 

25Q.696,9| 

piaccoun 

S^l      '     Ai'- 


essarily  limitetl  in 


1t" 

[^£jottoIl 

Official  ytiam 

d... 

J^^-^ 

if. 

'■""'.      \ 

2,011 

$32,OO4,0( 

0,445 

2,220,9! 

9,953 

33,274,4( 

6,400 

■     8,087,6S 

6,747 

17,529,a 

1,770 

64,688,(1( 

0,962 

26Q,696,9( 

H.  Doc.  186. 


■;3!^    .' 


a  jMominent  article  nr  f     ■  809> 

^'^r^ttn^S'-ZT'^  ""»^i'y  S'™«  Z.''*?'' 

I«  mamfest  by  tajiiii T.    '      '' '""  "eadineas  of  th7»„™    .    •     """ 


:8"- 


Tean. 


'  cotton. 


Difference. 


Poundg.        DoUarg. 


1111806,  ■»,&  7... 
|iil8<9,'50,^L'51.f 


i,  881, 415 
""6,614 

,m 


1.831,387 

229,080 

^,29,622 

12,521 


^""''-  ^'»"--  fp^i^^dri^ 


6,494,439 

1^.093,362 

184,(^34 


1.506,610 

203,327 

11,340 


1.386,976 
163,243 
400,093 
244,548 


324,719 
25,738. 
18,688- 
12,581 


The  quantities  and  valufc  ^7Z~  ' ~^ 

thetreasuiy  retumsj  Mfce  onJ^^^^^  ^^^^  not  all  been  fonn4 

^4  average  of  mediumX3  ^1^°"  .^^^  formerlj^  v^^  SZ 
&  v^ioudy  estimates  i  but  theTccoiStfnr?."^?'^  ^^^««  y«^«  has 

XT'  ""  ^^?^  '^'  ^^  '7rW5"42  soo"!?!;"^^*^  fr°™  about  $388.. 

|U>e  year  ending  June  30  TsS  1      '^^^  '"  ^849,  '60,  and  '51 

ronadering  thislncreSe  it'  })1^a  /'^^y^^ounted  to  $21S  613  2sa 

'■ycount  "^.  '"Stances  18  gegfer  than  appeaia  S^  - 


■v." 


I^j|— ^=— —         o--^-*»«--'«u  appears  i^ 

^^^fr^L'thXffsta^^^^^  was  destined 

w^  here.    We  rec«,V«^  fi.!  r_^-**^  ^"^^^g"  countries,  aiid  w««  n!j 


I^-Vrly  ^^'"    Wr^eS  tt  Wh^^^^  countrieV^id 
e  It  has  beco«iortatK)n,  and  the  incidenf«l  ol^P®"^  'l"*'^^'  ^ess  the  dmv 


VandUe-in5d;m:a"^^'Sro;i^ 

expenses  ot  storage,  &c.    This  "car- 


V 


Ifr.-* 


1*1    .^ 


■'4 


mi' 


■\'i 


J 


Vft.'. 


«I0 


fl^ll00r^l86^. 


rvinir"  trade  has  decreased'  mow  in  proportion  than  any  other.  Thj 
Slowing  account  of  8uch  »fi»p-«gate  importations  and  ex^^^^  of  dl 
foreiffi  merchandise,  andliewige  the  next  foUowina^count  at  to 
ZeZcZn^  man^/aifuwi  imported  and  «P!«^tf*  "J  ^^^'i:^;.??'^^^^ 
CmlUustrate  thes^  remarks.  T^e  d^rence  «  *«  true  amount  of  such 
W^^tion  can^fned  in  the  United  States,  /he  aceo^nt8  o^^^^^^^ 
tabV  annually  published  by  the  ueasury,  do  not  direct  attention  to 

^4aUon ;  and  therefore  its  true  decrease  or  increase,  and  its  acft«,/ 
tZ^muii  or  ptogreu,  in  ev^  re^U  is  not  manifest  without  clo«e , 

investigation  of  several  different  tables.  -  -    •      „^^i,„„a- 

The  value  of  importations  and  exportations  of /«^.^  merchandise, 
jmA  "difference,"  (being  the  amount  c<nmnutd  in  the  United  States,) m 

certain  periods,  were  as  follows:     ^  I 


Yean. 


1790, '91,  and  '92 

1793, '94,  and  '95 

3796, '9r,  and  '98 

1799, 1800,  and  '1...^.... 

1802, '3.  and  '4... 

1805, '6,  and  •7. ....... - 

•1808  (embargo) 

1809, '10,  and  '11 

1812, '13,  and  '14  (wat). 

1815, '16,  and '17 

1818, '19, and '20....... 

1821,  "Sa,  and '23 

1824, '25,  and '26 

1827, '98,  and  '29 

1830, '31,  and  '32 

1833, '34,  and  *35 

1836, '37,  and '38 

1839, '40,  and  '41 

1843, '43,  and '44 

1845, '46,  and  '47 

1848, '49,  and  '60 

1861 ...." 

1862..., —  . 


Importt. 


Exporta. 


JDlffereDce,  mo.  | 
■nmediolJ.B. 


$83,700^ 
136,456,268 
225,367,270 
281,686,427 
225,999,999 
388,510,300 
56,990,300 
198,260,300 
112,000,000 
359,394,274 
283,385,300 
233,406,502 
361,863,569 
242,486,419 
275,097,310 
384,'538,385 
444,686,656 
397, 179;  828 
273,350,921 
386,461,999 
480,994,686 
216,324,933 
212,613,388 


$3,804,295 
J7,135,3n 
86,300,000 
131,396,598 
86,600,640 
\  173, 106, 813 
13,997,414 
61,211,616 
11,488^141 
43,<)79,W6 
56,600,408 
71.132,312 
82,467,412 

61,656,631 
58,460,478 
63,640,041 
66,064.117 
51,163,918 
29,759,108 
34,704.,611 
49,172,988 
21,698,293 
13,037,043 


480,685,7161 
118,330,9911 
139,067,! 
150,388,8 
140,399,3 
215, 404,  IS 
43,992,5 

100,511,8 
316,314,2 

ISS,  374,1 
179,390,141 
180,8S»,7 
216,636,8 
380, 8^J 
388,632,S 
346,9i5t% 
243,591,8 
360,787,3 
.43i.821,f 

m,sK,« 
soo,5n,« 


The  «  buUion  and  specie"  i^^P^rted^i^'^'^f?  ^^J^f^S 
the  above.    It  correctsSome  errors  (though  trivial)  m  former  tabki 

*'^^Tbe  value  of 'importations  and  exportations  ^^M'^.^^^. 
.of  cotton  and  "diSerence,"  being  the  amount  ayimm^  m  theUnit^ 
.States,  in  pertain  periods*  was  as  follows : 


-!f -V: 


;■,  ,*'> 


/■     h 


v    ./-/ 


in  any  otber.  The 
1  exportationsofall 
trine  account  as  to 
in  different  period^, 
true  amount  of  such 
icbounts,  or  general 
direct  attention  to 
ide,  conaraerce,  and 
-eascj  aiid  its  aetml 
nifest  without  cloge 

hreign  merchandise,  i 
le  United  States,)  in 


iporta. 


Difference,  coii'  | 
turned  in  U.S. 


>,  804, 295 

r,  125,277 

},  300, 000 

1,296,598 

5,600,640 

3,106,813 

8,997,414 

1,211,616 

l,488il41 

3,070,976 

«.  600, 408 

1,192,312 

8,467,412 

il,  656, 931 

»,  460, 478 

»,  640, 041 

56,054,117 

il,  163, 918 

»,759,10« 

34,704,.611 

49,172,988 

21,606,293 

12,037,043 


180,695,  Toil 
118,330,9911 
139,067,2 
150,388,8 
140,3»9,3 
215,404,  IS 
43,992,981 

l0U)9uclfa 

100,511,8 
316,314,2 

aa6,ru,i 

16S,  374,1 
179,396,141 
180,8B,5 
216,63S,f 
3»,8ftl 
388,632,9 
346,9aSt« 
243,»1,K 
350,787,3 
.431,821,fl 
19(,at,l 

ino,8»,i 


)orted«  are  uidudedj 
via]|)  in  ibrmer  tabic 


//■..  •■■//  /.■■- 


foreign 
fMn. 


I — -f- 


«^  good,  mported  and  exported,  ^. 


^9ort,.  Export.. 


811 


^tH.aad  '26. 

|w;«e,«iid  '29. 

|M'»,ud  '32. 
m'34,n)d  '35. 

m'sr.uid  '38. 

■-*,'#,  and  '41.. 
,'48,uid  '44. 
„,'46,and  '47.. 
)8,'4»,«iid  '50.. 

1.«a««  •«••  •,.,, 
'— • 


iDiiTerenoe,  «ob, 
aumed  in  U.  a 


♦86.391,495 
^.753,307 
28,674,440 
34,352,203 
5173,215 
36,626,258 
33,160,701 
26.178,789 
42,586,782 
54.886,149 
28,164,442 
1».  689, 496 


•5,863,132 
''.112,628 
5,646,493 
7,640,409 
9.0^,209 
6,602,600 
3,287,810 
1.560,166 
1.661,891 
8.214,361 
677,940 
991,784 


120,528,363 
28,640,7185 
23,087,8i|7 
26,811,794 
24,lQ4,00tf> 
29,023,658 
89,881,891 
24,698,633 
40,924,891 
58.070,788 
21,486,508 
18.697,718 


I A  reCerence  to  the  more  detailpri  «.  .  " ^—-^ 

VViXd^n?^^'^'"'"^^   have  hutattt    '"'^'^^'^'''''ofom 
krisnJZ^Jj     ^f"  °^  this  countrv-  kiiSf  ^SS^  useful  to  the 


Yj 


^-  » 


"  1 


I  m. 


m 


ikU 


>iin    I. 


0 


kf 


•^  •!   ♦'! 


k'v  ^^t--^ 


.  A^ 


PU 


K'^' 


r-^  -^    ■  ■,- 


.r  .  ^"  ' 


812  B*  Doc  lae.  u 

E^^^io^  of  3orne,^^_c<^^ 


Years. 


In  1826  

In  1827,  '28,  and 
In  1830,  '31,  and 
In  1833,  '34,  and 
la  1836,  '37,  and 
In  1839, '40,  and 


Value. 


'29 

'32 '" 

'36 " 

'38 

'41 ■    ■■ 

in  1842',  '43,  and  '44 • WW}       ll',955i93l 

In  1846, '46,  and  '47 U    15,385,751 

In  1848, '49,  and    60 ._  J        7^241,21 

Inl851 ~     7^72,15: 

In  1862 


$1,138,125] 
3,429,103 
3,6H070| 
7,477,1^ 
8,846,962| 
,9,647,186 
9,093,110 


c  r  ^„,-««  "raw"  cotton  consumed  in  the  Unii 
Though  the  quantity  of /^^'^    Suctinrtbe  exportalions  of  si 
States  is  readily,  ascertainable  by  deducting  i  ^^^  ^^^ 

cotton  from  the  i^^^^auons ;  and  togh  the  vai  _^^      ocessTlnd 

riLr:LTe'r ty  *T?rX"f  iSeaUc  raw  eSu.„  L^ 

in  this  country.  ..nnsumed  in  "household"  or  ''hoi 

In  the  first  place,  the  quanUty  consumea  m  ^^^^^^  -^  ^ 

made"  manufactures  ^^."^^"y  fi^^'^ii^^SlCplied  throughout 
,sumed  in  the  infinite  ^'^l^^^  ";^|^,,fX^^^  hL  to 

guessed,  ^jthout  very  cerw^  southern  shipping  port, 

f'  °rfct  isUeS^^e  accou^^  cannot  be  ascertaineiT  1 
by  sea,  before  it  'V^^'V"^  irt^  ^he  Atlantic  ports  are  very  high, 
rates  of  msurance  rom  the  ^;^."  ^^  "^X^^f  t^^^  of  these  to 
shoul4  be  some  «"^^"\by^^"=h  to  j^^^^  ..Aome^mod."^ 

The  last  census  returns  state  {he  v^ue  01  ^^^ 

factures  in  the  United  States  to  be  J27,6H,679.^  ^^     '  ^^ 
North  CaroUna,  South  Carolma,  Ge^^.  ™^;,,tSey'lide  H 
Arkansas,  IjEssissipp,  I^'^^^^^J' J^£'  SuSi  "he  a^egate  of  \ 
of  *14,636,000;  being  more  ^^/^Xf  tKholTwh^  iSpuM 

equaUing,  at  11.31  cents  per  pound,  66,372,0((Kpouii|  ^ 
"'ZTutS^i^d  U.at  7.600  bile,  of  m  lta.>i,A  «« 

jfc  ■  .-<     .        '  •'• .      ,    . 


lain  yean  and  •periodi. 


^ 


H:   Doc.  136. 


»„ 


Value. 

$1,138,125 

3,429,103 

3,6H070 

7,477,1^ 

... 

8,846,962 

9,047,186 

9,093,110 

11,965,932 

^    15,385,75! 

7,241,2ft 

7^72,15 

•(Misumed  ia  the  Unitf 
e  pxportalions  of  su 
lup  of  the  foreig^man| 
similar  process,  and  | 
r  of  raw  cotton,  (of  f 
Lis  well  nigh  imposslbj 
jtic  raw  cotton  comuK 

'household"  or  "ho 
and  that^hich  is 

Applied  throughout  t 
L  18  grown?  has  to 
S'fciuantitjr  destroyed  1 
uthern  shipping  portj 
ot  be  ascertained.  Tj 

ports  are  very  high,! 
\e  extent  of  these  k 
I  the  ^'hom-'nutde'^ 
h  Of  these,  the  Stati 
la,  ^labama,'Tenne 
Kentucky,  Jnade»pw4 
h  the  aggregate  of  tH 
hole  white  t)tflpulatioi|' 
.  a 'principal  njaterial 

;very  ^ip&s'i  ^"^  "^'jj 
ieredexfr^4gantto8 

90  lbg.''iBach,  otS, 


613 


I  rf  pounds,  are  annuallv  irto*      j  '*'  ,**' 

Lf£e  crop,  as  above  sfaS  \  S  vT^J  ^1  "«^  P"*  into  the  ^.ount 

The  second  item  is  the^n„nt^  valued  at  «339,000.  -^ 

of  cotton  in  the  United  StS."toi"SS^^^^  do„,stic  manufactories, 
[^course  must  b^ad  to  unoffickl  staSm^nT^'r^'  ^'^^'^  approximately. 
L»«mierciaJ  accents,  that  cannot  hpnfv,"'  ormanufacturers,  and  h 

Je  more.autheii^.  but  m1Z2i:^ZZ'^'^  imperfect  ;^axid  to 
J  the  last  census  returns.     The  <JnZT.  ^V^  accounts,  taken  from 

aanufactones  in  the  United  StSjv:«.''*^-'^«  ^^  ^^e  couon 

tober  of  manufactories  in  th  "tt.     .  *^'*^^"^  «^^«"^ent : 

hmof  coal  used.;..,.  '.^'^"^^ '"  288,558.000).. .;,. '.         g^^  ^^^ 

y^^^^l'^^^^^^^^^sed'. • 121.'099 

^V- -    "^'^   ^"'P^^W-M;;-  -^Sho]  ■  femaieV''*'''''''' 
f^;^_  per  .^^Mm;!;;: -  S653;778;  •  JemkH  '''''' 

Mue  of  entire  products" .'. J, V  " " ' '" " —  -  $1,357,192 

r-The  miantityV  cotthn  .r,«.^  •" " I61,869.l84 

fch  estimtfte,  as  to.the  cotfL  /3     •  I  i°  ^^'S^  ^^^  lbs.    It  is  believpH 

ftose manufax^toi^s  is  -JlaUyZ^L,^'''^  ^f.^^e  cotton  used  ih 

?  aveiU?g  450  p6ufds!\hat  the  orh^^'"^^^'  ^^^  '^^  ^^t  five 

.  Ae  >^^,'' Xi^cJuaing  .^i^/^i^f  censu.  account^  relating 

tr^S^te*^^'^  thebaic!  aT«'^f.4,^l""Pl«{:d.'')  thou^ 

lake  the  above  imRmon  of  th«i»«  k  i  ^  *"^  ^^^-  each."  does  not 

ale,  incorrect.    T^&^LS^^f'&l' l^r^'"' ''.""u' ''^'  "^^^ 

atements  and  estimates  in  this  paper  ftlm  F^Tk^    k*'^"^^  ^  ^he 

Nycomparisons  to  be  made.^^^  '  ^^^^^P^^"  ^he.  above.)  ||pnable 

W^^'?^^:r^7%T^'r''  T  -^^^  -  ^-^^en  in 

k&c.,  and  13.ko  b^aWba«4^^^^^ 

Rvalue  of  domestic  w#6Uen  mfn.r  f^    ^^  ''^"^^  ^^  $61,869,184 

k  of  fmestic  iron  mSc"u^rf ^1,T^'  '"^''^  ^'  «43,207,655         . 

fc  of  1177.9^  banX^Vle  i^ij^^^' ?  f  *'6^^^^  The 

|".ufactured,  i  not  statef  SlLniS' wlS^  r'l^^8«"°"«  °f  'Sm, . 

(cotton  manufactories. it  iillSe  ISn i    Ti?^'  °^ ^  ^*»<*«  empl«,yS 

1,286,804.  Thewooliyn£n,£nf  ".^  %^*^n«"sfeturns.,aSgui*  to 

khands-inaU^gX^ 

t.r.„  m>i.Ul5,torigfn.J.yny^^^^^^ 


J   ' 


,.-.i   ,rT..  ""^^  annual  waces  nrnmint  *^  «i/r  ««^. 


M  distilleries  empby^^^^^^^ 

NgivenI      .  np^oy  0.487  hands,  the  value  ol^^hose labor 


|(.' 


.H 


11.' 


«f 


,-6*-' 


r 


I- 


f 


,"'-7     ," 


HLDoc.    196. 

)  of  ihi 


814 

iS67  134,760,  is  the  value  of  the  domestic  cotton  manufactures,  made 
In  our  own  cotton-manufacturing  .estabUshments,  and  consumed  in  the 

United  States.  .  .  .    .     /•  ^     r    *v 

The  value  (and  afterwards  the  quantity)  of  raw  co«on  for  th^se  re- 
spective portions  of  the  domestic  cotton  manufactures  ot  the  United, 
States,  may  be  ascertained  by  a  deduction  of  50  per  centum  of  the  value 
of  the  manufactures,  for  the  cost  of  manufacture,  wastage,  profits,  &c, 
and  calculating  the  quantity  corresponding  to  such  value,  at  the  pnce 
for  that  year,  of  fair  "upland"  cotton.  The  correctness  ot  this  mode 
will  be  verified,  as  to  the  year  1849-60,  by  reference  Id  the  items  in 
the  census  account  of  the  manufactures  of  cotton  above  given  ot  the 
value  of  raw  materials  used,  and  "bales  of  cotton  used,  and  "value 
of  entire  products,"  and  to  the  expenses  of  manufacture,  as  set  lorthml 

that  statement.  i  •    ,i,    i-'„;*^a  q.  . 

The  quantity  of  domestic  raw  cotton  consumed  in  the  Lnited  fetate^ 
in  foreiin  maimfactures,  has  been  estimated  by  a  similar  c^cuiatm 
with  reference  to  the  "difference"  between  the  importations  intcand 
exportations  from,  the  United  Bti.te?,  of  such  foreign  manutactures 
b^re  mven.  The  enhmced  value  of  the  foreign  cotton  mmiufacture 
is  stated  at  100  per  centum  more  than  the  raw  cotton,  and  mcudei 
fi-eight,  insurance,  duties,  and  all  other  expenses ;  and  the  cheaper  lab 
in  foreign  countries,  and  the  higher  value  ot  the  sea-island  cotto 
generally  used  in  such  manutactures,  and  profits,  &c.,  have  also 

considered.  .       ^  ,  .    ^^  „    »   J 

The  foUowing  estimate  of  the  quantity  of  domestic  "  raw  cotton  cai 
sutned  in  the  United  States,  in  domestic  and  in  foreign  manufectud 
and  in  "  household"  of  "home-made"  articles,  &c.,  for  the  year  end. 
June  Ist,  1850,  is  beUeved  to  be  nearly  correct. 

Consumption  of  cotton  in  the  United  States  in  1849-50. 

In  domestic  manufactures— deducting  value  of  those  exported  fro 
value  of  entire  manufactures,  and  also  60  per  "*-nt.  J>;/ost  crfm- 
ufecture,  profits,  &c.-about $29,000,000=266,638,000 1 

hi  foreign  manufactures,  (from  domes- 
tic cotton,)— deducting  from  imports, 
($20,108,719)  value  of  exports  «i< 
same,  ($487,107)»|18,681,612;  and 
60  per  cent  for  cost  of  manufacture,  . 
dutiVs,  profits.  &c.,'  &c 9,840,800-  87,087,000 

^t  uSfc  bT^^  ;">46,840.800    410.097.^01 

The  total  consumption  in  cotton  man,itfactwes  same  tinie-for«>' 
domestic-including ' '  home-made,"  amounted  i.,  more  than  $82,000,« 
upwards  of  three-fourthi  of  which  were  amU  »»  f^  United  btotes. 

Fractions  are  equalized  in  this  estimate,  aijd  the  value  stated  atl 
officiat  average  valuation  of  all  cottoo  for  that  year*.   The  cottnu 


imsm 


sin  1849-'5D. 


0,800     410,097,000 


A   I>oc.  136:. 


which  the  foreien  mar^tr  '  '  8T^ 

compsed,  being  moX.^^''^"'"f«  consumed  in  the  T^nit.  i  c 

butin  such  cas?Tvni^^'l?^^<^'''«s value shoiLu^  ^^""^^^  are 

proportion  to  qunntLtdf-  '^'''^'^  <^««on  o,^^^^^^^ 

values  of  "  sea-ishny»       ,  P"^*^'  ^  make  th^  ^^^         °®  reduced  in 

tr^u^acCS""'    ^"^''"Pi«ncI''should\eTp?s:r^^^^     ^^^• 
The  domestic  consumption  of  ^'''  ""  *^^ 

a  M  crop  increles  i?^  ^   "^^^^^^  ^^^o  addT  to  tt  ^^  *°  *^"^«  «*  "ew 
.  Similar  difficuE  exist  with  -n^umption;  an* 

iJty  and  value  of  t},p  . .    *  •  ^""  respect  to  the  asr^r^B  • 

^  of  e.u-a,a&^  .i:t^:  °f--  -r.™  srch  rf '"^  '>°-- 

jbtitem  IS  the  ouanfiV^r  „    i      ,  ^"'P  ^re  adontPH'     .    "^  Various 


dm.    The  valufsLtL  f""  1°'"'=  '»  not  olw™l7,      t^^-^ry  returns 
"prices  current"  of  tJ^J^       '  "  erroneous,  bv  r^f^L    ^     ^  *^^"'  ^^ow- 

Weles,,  m,hTn«^  1'^''  ^"'•"'<=-    SumI      T""  o»'  this 
yi..mi.the",if^7^he^aasu^pri4ttd"f^'^^^^^^^^ 

Bkerof  acresof  S  f„   *,*"  >"'■<'  ""P"  is  bv  ™,-      ■     ^ 

t^i«o^tr^.»"^i'ir-:^^^ 


f  "U"  &^""S'".  ^"e^iCt."  Wcou'^n'T''- 
fhe  foi  ow  ng  I'a  o»  ^„.-      .      .  «  are  prone  to- 

".cnTide'!""'--  ""'"'^  ««A.e  e's^^fr^^^r  a^o^ 


"I*    '" 


,» 


".,     ^•-. 


.'.  -ji'-yLf 


\>r>J 


-     -IT"     " 


gl8  H.  Doc.  136.r  , 

Entire  crop  of  IS^^-'dO. 

Used  for  manufectones  in  the  ^"^^^'^ggg  559,000   "  =  32,607,000 

States    .•..•---"•"*'*"*'*"'* '  r  ' 
«fl(««cAoii,''  6^'«A<)me-maie''  manuta^^^  ^^  =7,500,000 

PesttoVed^bf^orotherwise,andnot     ^^^^^^^^   ..;^-      ^^^^^^\ 

received  in  market _>J 

Entire  crop  of  the  UmtedState^  in  ^g^J^^^^^^^^   u' ^112,^30,600 1 

FracZ^-qualized  in^U  ^t^        ^;:t::Sd 

to  and  including  1862,  i3  ^^^^^f  „f  ^he  production  of  Cotton  a 

The  statement  m  the  ^^  JS  Tndbg  Ju^e  1,  I860.     The  daj 

the  United  States  is  for  the  y^^J"^^^  J'^  ^        ^^  ^^^^  J 

specified  was  before  the  ^'^f  .  °^  J^^^^^of  the  crop  of  the  pre™ 
Pertained     The^t^tem^^^^^^^^  of  •«  V- "  '^c.  ^ 

STe-rgr^^^^  Tf^^Hre^ndin^JuS^^^^^ 

:SS^:^.  being  more  than  ^^^-^^.^.^i:"^^  ^  th^sern  ofT 
aifd  the  quan^ty  ea^^d  "^1861  (of  ^J«  |J°P^^  ,^  ,„ 

--  927  237  089  pon^-   T;^^^  Z^n  of  YsS?,  of  . 

•  ^VS  "o^r^'^.f  ^^T^Sough  its^«,/t.,  owing  to  the  h^bpna 
°        L^Lk  was  more  ihmt^^^^  The  ex™, 

received  for  it,  f^^^IJ^"^  020,666  pounds  »nore  than  those  oN 

^^  *%^ifl?o^  i^fvItS  value  wa?  «6;687.649  less.    The  eayort.] 
.crop  of  1849;  and  yet  itBvalne       ?      .      ^^^^  stated,,  927,237,d 

the  crop  ^fJfX^^^Jued^thetreaBuryaccountsat $112,31^^^^ 

'^^eSdetTe^'c^lirrelurns  of  the  cotton  crop  of  the  seajonofj 
•       liw  a^Tment  from  the  same  returns  is  giif^n  of  the  are^ 
*'''?^^«^'T,rc3S^«>tton  for  sale;  the  area.o!  acres  of. mpro 
Zi  t':aSf::S"§»e  population  of  each;  which^may  be.sefc 
rftference  and  comparison.  ,      ? 

"  ' M  ■  ■  t -r-"'™^ '        g 

^  N  •/'■      ■      ."*    (  I 

'-■  •_.«■■•■.  '     ' 


0  lb8.=$71>984,600 


)0    "  ==  32,607,000  ■ 

^.     §■ 

00    '«  =     7,600,000  ■ 

a. 

00    "•=        339,000 ■ 

£ 

lOO 


««  =llM30,C 


.  the  values  estimatedl 
■  all  cotton,  that 
1  cijpp  from  1790,  un 

roduction  of  Cotton  i 
5  1,  1860.    The  da 
860  could  have  beei] 
B  crop  of  the  previom 
of  ^^  exports,"  &c.,  fa 
The  treasury  accouiitj 
ig  June  30,  1849,  (r 
,602,269  pounds  w« 
in  the  census  retur 
of  the  season  of  18 
was  a  very  short  en 
jeasonof  1839,  of  V 
mng  to  the  high  pncj 
ious  crop.    The  er- 
more  than  those 
9  less.    The  expcrul 
)ve  stated,. 927,237,« 
icounts  at  $112,315,3J 
1,093,230,639  pound/ 
»p  of  1860;  and  by  I 
,732,  or  $24,349,5861 

jpofthe  season  of  19 
18  isgiif^nofthei 
ea  ot  acres  of  imp  , 
wliich^  may  be  usefitj 


:' ■"*,•- :^.: 


,  ^'■.  .4': 


■-.^"iih 


..(V 


818 


H.   Doc.  136. 


.  1.    TT  '.J  RtntBS  now  amounts.- to  upwards  o\ 

^e^t  statements : 

^  ,  7  J  «r  1 851  •  and  exrmts  of  all  countnes  m  1852. 

^^^Cotton  crop  h,/  tlm  vmU,  of  1851 ,  ana     i         \  ^^  „ 

l#   '  ,  ..0  000  000  lbs*  .1,093,2^0,639  lbs.  exported, 

nked  suites..... ..-1.350,00«^^^^^^^  q^    '      ^_   " 


^       .  f^.                      .  40,000,000  " 

i^gypt,  &c :  -  -  -  200,000,000  " 

East  Indies..-. 3  100,000  " 

^,.West  Indies. .  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  ' ,00,000  " 

•^  Demerara,Berbice,  &c.  q^O  " 

Bahia,  Macelo,  i^c. .  -  -  J  J     ^  qoO  " 

Maranham,  &c .-  ^^'           ' 

Pernambuco,    Aracati,  ^^q  u 

Ceara,  &c -•-- 

Brazil,  China    and  all  ^  . 

other  places ^     ' 

Total.. -.1,899,800,000 


25,000,000    " 
150,000,000 
3,000,000    " 

600,000 

11,000|000 

9j000,000 


11 


25,000,000   » 
40,000,000    " 

_  1, 

1,366,730,639   «' 


« i 


m^-:;' 


„ii  tV.'it  ;>«  pstimated  to  becij.. 
The  first  column  of  tV^«  ^^J-^^Thouth^^^^^  a,« 

sumed,  m  the  -o""tries  named^m     n^       .^  ^^^.^  honT^cotton  manj 

various  domestic  uses,  ^/J^^^^^^^^^^        other  countries.    Inthe  secoif 
factories,  and  likewise  f^.^X  to  contigu0us  foreign  countries  for  nj" 
column  is  estimated  the  «^P«^^  .^  ^^^'^  eS^   &c.     In  the  East  Ind 
ufacture,  as  well  as  the  expoUs  to  ^  ,    ^^^^  ^^  ^^^ 

such  exportations,  to  ^""i^g'^^^^^XLuher's  History  ot  LiVer^c 
gtated-^An^Enghshwriter,  m  1824,J|m^  ^^^  ^^^^^^  ^   ^^ 

p.  116,)  says,  with  ^^^P^^tl^?™^  and  indirectly,  nearly  «^ 
P,res  are  "estimated  ^«  f,£y^fT^?ountry.  AverylargepJ 
tenths  pf  the  i«^"«««f  PpP^f fo"  °^ternal  consumption.  parUcuarly 

nloved.  One-tenth  of  the  350,000,UOV  tner  •>  j  f  p^gaOU 
Sore.  The  United  f^S^i^w^le  mLins)  to  Chin.  J 
of  domestic  cotton  «»^»"J^2eL  J^  China;  but  our  imports  «» ( 
ftcpierly  procured  some  ^J^^^^'-^^^paratively  nothing.    The  j 


£^ 


^4' 


uuu'tliciu  w  dcrrPBRinc-       .  g^  {^y  aupieheimiiiHi-by^', 

There  is  not  now  any  ««7^' Xrinteresfs' of  the  United  Stal 
lural,  oommeirciat,  or  »^n;'^^^2  J^^   of  this  conteW 
successful  coinpeUtion  With  th^«^^^^^^^^  ^ 

^y  other  country,  mthepr^duction^^^^^^^^.^^^^  ^    ^     ,^ri 

i-rom  the  day  our  «depeiidence^M      J^  ,^i,  but  fe* 

liU'  within  a  iew  years  ^t,  her  leading  si« 


,  authorities,  sustain 


^;   Doc.    13^. 


:, dimm«h  and  ni^veS^,?^^*  and  devoted  evervr     ,  ^' 

'^'^^^^.(h^^itrt^^^^^^  power  to 


I  m«t liberal  »ta,"l?™i''°''«i«ened  anH  ,£ff'  ^''««?  »««.     Tfe 


most  liberal  statesman  r^^i*^n«d  and  saLnT  ^"^^  ^f'^tet.     Thp 

overrulecf.    !„  Jav'^.  ^^^P^*^  such  doHpv  /    ^^^  councils  within  » 
negotiators,  it  wt^a^mnt?/^  ''^*'  -^XS^'  "«'  but  he  was 

heexpc«-tationtoan5,pTof.h^^^  SLT'^  '«  ^3^  th^ 

wn  raw  cotton !     0»r  •  ^  ^o^d,  even  Jn  ^       '  '"^  '"estrict  ug  ;„ 

fjre  importance  and  valu?ri°'-'  "  Ss,  did^nT" '^^^«^«'<>f  o^r 
^^  then  recently  emblrked      *•  ^'  P^o^ucT ti  h  f  2    ^PP'-^^iate  the  " 
ever,  not  only  Wsaw Xf  .o?  f  ^•^^tivation^  ir^h'  ''""*^'  ^^'^h 
Theseprovisionswereofrn       "^h^'osfjfletheenfi     "?  ^^^^^ity, "how-    ' 
states  Senate,  befor^th/tSf '^^P""^^'*  ^o^  'he  tST,^"  its  mfaney. 
fication."  If  the  liberal  fni^'  '^""^^i  "advise  ^nW       ""'^  ^^  the  United 
JaD  adhered  to  by  Grear  «  .^'^^'eounsels  I?Mr  P^^^?^ "  to  its  'Sv 
h  P^^^Perity,  l^Ti{'^C^^  '""'^  ^-"^d  hl-^^Ldv^"'  ^f"  ^^"P^^ 
I'd  greatness,  in  a  muU„         ^"""^  elements  oTcf,''^^  i"' wealth 
I  would  not  Iiave  bSn  r^'?*""  ^^^g^ee  than%f  '?^"^'^.  and  power 
le  certain  destiny  ofth^^  '^'^"'"^"t  to  her  "hat'th"'  ''""^  ^^^^^nd 
t-    We  shom^  Itf'i  rf  3^  -ould  the'U^;;"^""^^^^^^ 
►rebadourcommercei^^rMK^''"^^^  *"«es.  before  Y    ^"^^'^  ^^^«le- 
k  occurred.     We  sScflnf  2^^  ^ ^ia  ions    Th,^'  ^'^^  ^^  ^812, 
Agricultural  ana  comS^^l"f>^>^«  had,  bef^e  anH  ^^'^''"'^"0 
pral  restrictions  and  rT    ?  ^  interests  fettered  «.^^.^'"^^  the  war 
H%  %i«Iatif  on  ?£'^^^/'"^  «"  the  on^^^^^^  by  h^r' 

h  Britain  has  not  rell.!,  ''^^''     t^"tii  wltWn    '  r""^  ''^''  ''"^-  ^oun- 
l«onm«restsof°heS?i''''^"^heml  an^  se^^  >'ears  past, 

Nf  of  every  meanaTk  ^^e  has  used  everv  ^v  •  ^^P^^ial  objects 
Ifae  southern  sS!ffi*'lP^««essed,  to  crel^7  ''^'^°"'  ^^d  avS 
[to  relieve  hSr/wf  '^''  ^^"^deracy  ^L^T^'^'^"  ^"d  ri^ 
h  °^  en^ployment  fo?r^  ^^P^nden^e  u±"  "ho  ^"i^''"  «^  ^^t^! 
K'^'dinWSw  ?  ^^^^ng  ^lasSn  .r  ^'^*^«  ^^  the 
r  cost  iXr^ZTS^"^-  She  expenmeL  p  ^^""^^cture  of 
Mtil  she  ab^Lhed  ,h^'^  •^"'«"'««.  4h  T  !h  '"  "'  ^"^tivation. 
h««  to  tho^rwliteT"'^^'«"of«dome^^^^^  of  slave 

htice"  labcJ!^^  jfjf  ,heen  held  as  'S  '''"l"^^'; « those 

pt  quarters  of  f },«    i  !7  *^"^  of  her  numpmr.o  ^he  tried  the 

B  °f  a'  ttbft  *- the  cCraX&  i"  *» 


-  ^■■'■■'. 


vr-,,  ,n  rh..  .■/.  "-■"^^teg  wtfh  |,nr      p.;:     7. '"  JQ 


I*  7-^^— -— _______^-""'^'"   apprentices,  <jooi;#.«.    r-u-   '^^' 

HWofthBEagjjrr; ---^ — ^^<^lies,  Chinese, 


f   * 


,  J 

^^ 

E 

'5 

•i'" 

-,t 

i 

V 

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»-'■/■ 

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^ii 


tt^.-***% 


820 


H.   Doc- 


136. 


eonvicts,  a.d  sla.es,  ^^^^^^^^^^^  ^'^'  ^ 
her  efforts  to  induce  f.  eul^^^^^^P  ^Siberal  restrictions  and  wrongs 
Sad  no  right  to  complain,  ^f^^l^^^.^^  ^o  little  ill  feeling  towarSs 
done  to  us,  we  had;  and  they  en„enae^^^  ^^^  ^^^  ^^  ^g^^,  have  urged 


and  manufactures  "f  ^av^rably.    1  ^^^  ^^^        ^een  solely  deten- 

United  States  has,  !;«^/^^r^f j^^  „ot  been  in  apyi^stance  the  firs 
Hive  and  countervailing.  >  We  have  n  ^^^^  constrained 

nrpUUiberalandinjunous  me^^^^^^^  ,,        per  self- 

in  past  times  to  enact  and  entorce  '^^^^^^^^^^  to  the  war,  but 

defence,  against  her  J^^^e^J^^^  ^^^^^^^^  by  measures  adopted 

since.     That.  ^'^'^""l. ''^T'l^JZo^^^^^     and  able  statesman,  Mr. 
under  the  admmistration  o^  Jhat  pr  ^.^^  countries,  is  because 

Peel,  and  that  they  now  ex^t  t^etvvecn  t  ^^^^^er,  or  re- 

cLat  Britain  felt  that  even^  a ttempt  ^o     ^^^^^^^  ^^^^ 
strain,  or  otherwi^  injure,  ^^e  t^^^^^^^^^        .^     „f  ^      i^g  ajamst  the 
.v-ould  certainly  ^^cod  upon  her^elt.     i^^  and  against  aSVantager 

natural  laws  governing  Uadeand^c^^^^^  expenencod 

given  by  ^e  supenot  ^^^I^^^^^l^  fo"  the  productJon  of  an  article  ffie 

Ind  effective  (because  ""l^f^^J^Xrof  ^  !?  T      \ 

cotton,  and  the  folly  and  P'^esurnptwn  o       j  ^^  ^^^  ^^^^^^ 

JorUf  an  exclude  anS  selU  monoFly  ^^^  .  ^^^  ^ 

fully  Remonstrated  in  the  former  cou  .^^„  Ji^  ^alung  cotton, 

us.   V  is,  perhaos.  b««\f?,\^;'   ^f  w^  K'^^  "'*''""  '1 

to  "toot  the  YanWs  out     ^^^^^^k  ^onneaing  the  ^<=°^"^"^.?,2 
of  the  United  States  is  the  mam^^nk^^.^^  ttade^etwlen  them  y^^^ 

Tote'eii^^^^^^^^ 

And  the  efforts  to  mdu^e  to  the  Pf^T^J'      .^      t  Britain.    Ffad 

\ — - —  ■         '     ''      'r  •'  _^  ,     „_,  .buBlve  and  denunciatory  oCl 


ly  tb«  feelings  and  motim 


Ike  Tm-kish  Sultan,  ^d  _„„    .      "  841 

been  tried  in  Mpv."  • ''""°"  o^'  the  allies  «f  1^^  ^"^  ^"^  ^^^  commerce 
of  South  wfeHnH^-  ^f"^'-^^  AmeriL  i^I'"SV"  ^«27' «  W 
different  pa,?:;rthc"Ej^^^«  ^'"P- ofB^il •  ^^  &'  ^^P«b«« 
My  and  conclujveivt.^'^^''^"'^  in  Africa-  r^^"  *"««'  ^n 

cjmate,  and  lab^of  1  ^^^  ""^'  ^^^tablighed'th^'^,;''"  ^T  has  been 
of  that  vast  rerion  of  tW  """"5'^  ^n  ^-uccessfuJIv  .  ''''^''  «^«>n8, 
styled  the  -cl^Tofy     '  ,?«nfederacy  which  Sl?  K  '"^^'^  ^"^^  ^hose 

that  region  insist  that  ThSll      ""  '"'^^^  ^ntelhW co Ln    f  ^''^P^^' 
so  much  attributable  tn  in        ,■''  rnerally  concS  '^''"^  Planters  of 
oftbechmate  in  tha  ?^'^^.'^al  diffeieJ^S^  '"P^f^ority  is  „ot 
like  latitudes,  as  it  Ts  i  f^"',  ^'"""^  ^hose  o? sever  J  t'  ^««in^iWity 
combined,  and  chUn     ^?  '-^^^^^mtages  afforded T^ff  ^'^^^  countries  in 

Zone,"  and  to  tU^y     ^  servitude  existin/tK        u  ^""^  that  patn- 

skill.  and  energ^^V  tK^"^^%-ce"^^  t^^  ^''•^  "^'«-     "^ 
,  constantly  imn?6vina!^'"'"'''^^n  planter^aS  !    .u ''P^'^n'^e,  and 
^uent  menL7S!2TT  "^  ^'^^''^^tion  pursued  hJ'lt  ""^^^^^  ^d 

^na,  TeSL'ssee":L7Arr'  ^'^^^^P-^^ns  ofTht  s'ta^eTf  ^^«'»- 
^  of  the  State  5fFS>  'H^^«  below l^o'Jor  h  1  ^"f  ^^^ 
m  all  of  the  Sfnfl   Vm  ^bove  ilie  27th  mr^H  ,'''?"  ^^^itude ;  and 

34  Vrallel  of^r^^^^^^  between  l^jf  of^Ar^^  ^^^*"d^^ 

"pwU  of  four  hundrh  """^f  •  ^^e  region  desrrSC5^^^°  ^*^°  ^^ 
Ftions  are  mounta^H  '"^  ^^^^  ^^^"Snd  squSe^ii:'  ^u  ^^^  °^ 
ke  than  two/tSa  fro m ""'  "^^^'""^  "^ith  wX  an^t''  *"?*  ^^^ 

'  cotton,  but  t£t  wh?  u    "^^"^^ '  and  the  qua^flf  ^^^-^  "°^  appro- 
[.Ithit^rot^^^^^ 


) 


'V.I 


^it-- 


*, 


•""Ho  product  of  such  a  SJllC    ''""^''  »"' 


if. 


4 


\o 


-r 


'». 


•■4( 


Wi  ' 


l:n*  ^» 


♦l"^'. 


I-  i*S 


>*J®' 


V^r.x  ■■  ^t. 


H.  Doc.  1»K 


'^^S.*  ' 
^  ' 


EHimUe  of  crop  in  1862,  and  of  cr^  Cotton  Zone  fnay  ^oduce 

i  V-       n 


Florida 
Texu  :- 
Aikaniaa 

Iiouiiiaiuk. 

Soath  Carolina 
Ifiniinppi 

Georgia. 

Alabuua 


t 

I 

■1 
I 


80,000 
100,000 
100,000 
200,000 
220,000 
310,000 
650,000 
740,000 
750,000 


aft 


2O,0O0 
25,000 
25,000 
50,000 
55,000 
77,500 
162,600 
185,000 
187,500 


m 


,3^50,060 


787,500 


160,000 

200,000 

200,000 

400,000 

440,000 

680,000 

1,300,000 

1,480,000 

1.500,000 


k 


& 


•  is 

1^ 


6,000,000 
10,000,000 
3,000,000 
3,000,000 

2,Q0O,0pO 
200,000 
6,000,000 
3,000,000 
6,000,000 


2*8  . 

311 

•S        B 


6,300,000 


39,200,000 


750,000 
1,250,000 
375,000 
375,000 
250,000 
25,000 
750,000 
375,000 
750,000 


3,000,000 
5,000,000 
1,500,000 
1,500,-000 
1,000,000 
100,000 
3,000,000 
1,500,000 
3,000,000 


4,900,000 


19,600,000 


T    «!,    .>,r.i^^ifete  of  the  number  of  hands  employed  m  the  cul. 
•  ^^-      «f^MBR?U  be  noticed  that  nearly  two-thirds  of  the  sbe 
^  ^^^^n'*^  ^^KTs  within  the  »  Cotton  Zone"  are  excluded.    Some 
population  of  m«teswit^^^^       sugar-cane,  rice,  tobacco,  and  otk 
are  engaged  m  fm  cuiw^aiuju  u       ©  ^  ^j    ^^  ^^  employed 

products ;  others  ]^rocure  ^^^^«^  'ome  domestic  servants ;  an'd  with 
on  steamboats ;  some  are  ^f  Jl^^S  atror  infirm,  and  the  women 
them  must  be  included  those  of  adva^ed  age  ^^  \^^  ^^^,^^       \ 

and  children.    Many  of  thes«  doubtloes  contnou^^^  ^^^^  J 

when  living  on  plantauons,  ^^^^  ™^., ^^^^^^^         a  large  number  ol 
in  various  ways,  than  is  g^^«^;^5y  .*^;i"  '^fo^  „„  agr^^^^^^ 
slaves  living  in  vjU^ges  /owns,  ^^  ^Ues,  ^^10^^.^^  8^^  ^„^^,  ,f  ,^\ 

whatever.     It  should  ^so  ^e  «^^f  ^^^  agLultural  labor  in  cult> 
States,  upwaids  «f  ^^J  P^'^i^lS  clizens;  who  cultiv       their  .m^ 

::^trerei^re^^^^^^  ^«  --^H 

nt  hands  -.estimated  at  J.  a       g-^^^^^^  ^^  ^H 

and  the  land  is  e^tm^fed  at  eight  acres  ^^^^^i^y^i^owing  theeJ 

for  each  acre. :,  A  '^f '^^f  ^^^^^gS^V^^^^        «  Cotton  Zone.'^ 
tire  areain  acres  ofeach  of  the  f^ates  wit»^^^^^^  in«,chof? 

other  Stales,  and  the  area  <^f  ^^^^^f^^^^^^^^^    ;,  necessary  for  con,™ 
.States,  and  the  population  ot  each  tree  B^^^^^^^^^^ 

son  with  the  above,  ^'^'^f'^.f^'^^^^^^^^ 

It  will  be  seen  that  the  "Cotton  Zone  ^^^^'^^  ^^^^^  .^„  ^f  cW 

mon  than  collM. 


m^ 


"m" 


e  may  produce. 


3'— 

V 

■9.      ° 


3,000,000 
5,000,000 
1,500,001) 
1,500,DOO 
1,000,000 
100,000 
3,000,000 
1,500,000 
3,000,000 


4,900,00019,600,0 


imployed  in  the  cul- 
ro-thirds  of  the  slave  I 
ixe  excluded.    Some 
!,  tobacco,  and  other 
nills,  or  are  employed 
ic  servants;  and  with 
ifirm,  and  the  women 
te  to  the  cotton  crop,l 
stracted  from  cottonj 
A  large  number  of| 
i  no  agricultural  lab 
rtions  of  some  of  tb 
lultural  labor  in  culti 
I  cultivate  their  sn 
•"  is  not  "degrade 

r  bales  for  each  ha 
ihand,  or  200  pound 
817,)  showing  the  ed 
^e  "Cotton  Zone," anj 
'  lands  in-aachofsai 
[lecessaryfojr.compa 
iered  undprstandingi 
en  the  necessity  occa 
lultivation  of  cotlon,i 
number  than  the  cga 
irginia.lSfissomH^ 
ase  for  a  long  time. 
ve  population  of  tl 
estiniated  as  foUowsJ 

ii  they  cultivate  other  pn 


H.  Doc.  1^. 


Maryland . , 

Jfgi'i^a ;;;•" - i  74,077 

Missouri 63,82S 

J«»;"^ky .*.*; 2;6U 

North  Caxolina  .. .         |  9,736 

'*'""                            ,  27,196 

TotaL  — r--- 

Jjorida ^0^,3^8 

?«a8 --      925 

Arkansas ;_,_        • —  334 

Louisiana ".'.".'*.""""* 68^ 

Tennessee '"' "     17,537 

South  Carolina  .. .' 6,271 

Mississippi ,......" •'' 8,900 

I'GfOTgia '■' 899 

|Alabama... )  2,880 

I  2,272 
Total  aggregate.. 

-       '  207,986 


,    These  five  first  namc^  a*  ^  ~  " — ~ 

ton  Zone"  derives  add  Ind  cow/':.'  ''''?''  ^""^  which  the  "Cot 
ff  the  demand  for  "raw  cotton^' .r  '^ST'cultural*  labor  by  emL,t^^i' 
M  increase,  as  so^^eSi^St'nf '''  ^--?^-cme,  Z  S^' 
lie  case,  upon  the  extension  nff     ^  '"'''"'  anticipate  will  erl^nl T' 
4e  East  Indies  and  fK^  a  •    .*'"'"  "^^nierce  to  the  pSr>  f  n^-  ^^ 
U  American  'r^plfe,  fSf^r  ?  P^^^^^^'  ^^  ^  tr  'l^ 
Novating  cotton,  Ld  S  consS  /  ^^^""^ .''^^^d  of  those  enga^dS 
hjson  with  that  necess^r;  ^'g^^^^^^^^^^        '^Indian  conV't'^o^? 
)thercrop,s-the  decrease/cost^  ST    ^""^^^"^^O'- hemp,  riee.  and 
titivating  cotton  in  the  "  CotSJ  ^nn    '"P^°'*  ^^^^e  labor  emSovedln 

^on^-thehealthfulnessor^ufh^i^ 

a^ds~the  et^ual,  if  not  greater  cement  ^?u"~*^^  cheapness  of  Se 

f««l^a>^f  finds,  andthf^aterSS^y  "^^ 

E  T'^''V"g  to  inducSe  eCLfe^  ^'"'^  itscultivak-?aTe 

teri  "^''^^  '^^  "^^t  few  yea  f  foThf  ""  't  ^^^  Spates  above 

[Co  ton  Zone."     Though  the  cotton  rr.  ^*^^,f°"thern  portions  of  the 

N  the  lands  settled,  it  will  remn?n.,'     [  t^e  labor  once  removed 
K,«olong  as  th;  derand'SfiersVch'"^'  ^"^  *^^  '^-P^  "«!  in-' 
h|e  annual  product  of  JtS?  the  t^^j^  o£L_- 

f^to  SIX  time^its  presentvSlrlanTv     m,^  ®*^*^«  can  be  auir- 

fctv  '  r^l*  ^^^»  the  cultivation  Lot^«  ^  ^^"^  P^^*  «  should  be 
P'onsofthe  "C/rtton  Zon^  »  .^^ -^^  ""**^^  «^ended,  and  toall 
N  and  more  tCndg^S  dZ:^^nTi  ?»,-«»^t'de«^a.f 
t^«^ofanyuntoward^e.on,TorTff^^^^^^^^ 


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IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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23  WIST  MAIN  STMET 
WIBSTIR,N.Y.  145M 
•>^f'(71«|)  173-4903 

,  - '       I     ^  ■    >     ■ 


A%^ 


4 


s 


c^ 


V 


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824 


H.   Dog.  18«. 


Kreeate  crop  injuriously,  and  consequently  the  average  supply,  and  the 
prices,  will  become  more  reeular  and  umform. 

'^  The  foUowing 'table  of  afl  the  exportaUons  from  the  United  State. 
since  1789,  up  to  and  including  1862,  will  be  found  useful  m  estimating- 
the  value  of  the  cotton  crop. 
Expirrtatioru  (specie,  S,c.,  included)  from  the  United  .State,  *ifu:e  1190. 


Years. 


1790, '91,  and '92 

1793, '94,  and '95 

1796,  W,  and '98 

1779, 1800,  and '1 

1808, '3,  and '4 

1805, '6,  and  7 

1808,  (embargo) 

1809, '10,  and '11 

1812,  '13,  and  '14  (war) 

1815, '16,  and '17 

1818, '19,  and '20 

1821, '22,  and '23 

1824, '25,  and '26 

1827, '28,  and '29 
1830, '31,  and '32 


Total. 


Domestio. 


$59,970,295 
107,125,277 
185,441,400 
243,753,227 
205,982,267 
305,446,134 

22,430,960 
180,278,036 

73,310,674 
222,149,764 
233,115,323 
211,833,799 
253, 117, 367 
226, 948 '184 
242,337,034 


Foreign. 


Im'34:and'35:: ^1^3^ 


1836, '37,  and '38. 
1839, '40,  and '41. 
1848, '43,  and '44. 
1845, '46,  and '47. 
1848, '49,  and '50. 

1851 

1858 


354,569,032 
374,966,165 
300,238,060 
386,783,744 
451,685,671 
218,388,011 
209,641,625 


157,166,000 
90,000,000 
99,141,400 
112,456,629 
120,381,627 
132,340,321 
9,433,^46 
119,066,480 
61,822,538 
179,069,799 
176,514,915 
140,701,487 
170,649,955 
165,291,553 
183,876,556 
252,530,942 
298,514,915 
323,812,247 
270,478,958 
358,079,133 
402,513,683 
196,689,718 
197,604,582 


•3,804,2$ 
17,125,2n 

86,300,000 

131,296,598 
85,600,640 

173,106,81? 
12,997,414 
61,211,6IS 
11,488,141 
43,079,975 
56,600,408 
71,132,312 
82,467,412 
61,656, 631 1 
58,460,471 
63,640,0411 
56,054,1171 
51,153,918 
29,759,10 
34,704,611 
49, 172,  J 
21,696,5 
12,037,0 


From  the  foregoing  tables,  and  others  contained  m  this  paper,  or  anj 
nexed  hereto  it  appears  that  cotton  and  domestic  maIl^factl^e8no^« 
constitute  more,  than  one-half  of  the  exports  of  the  United  S^s  o 
agricultural  products  and  domestic  manufactures  thereof.     1  hey  con 
sutute  more  than  two-fifths  of  the  total  exportaUons  of  all  kinds,  in 
eluding  "products  of  the  sea,"  "products  of  the  forest,'  as  weU  as  th 
"products  of  agriculture"  and  "manufactures,"  "bulhon  and  specie,J 
&^.     The  statements  from  the  treasury  books  show,  with  reference  J 
"erpartatimr  how  fax  behind  cotton  every  other  agricultural  produj 
is,  as  to  ite  increase, beyond  the  necessary  consumptionof  the  Umttl 
States,  since  cotton  has  been  cultivated  for  the  foreign^ket.    U 
erally  a'country  does  not  export  any  but  its  Wi«  productions,    va 
as  the  increase  of  some  of  our  other  agricultural  products  besides  cd 
ton  has  been,  such  increase  has,  in  but  few  seasons,  exceeded  the  >• 
creased  wants  of  our  population,  constandy  and  rapidly  augmen 

^it^m^^U  in  Annexion  with  the  tables  hereinbefore  given, 

noticie Seimportatidns  and  exportations  6f  bulUon  and  specia    n 

folbwiag  is  a  statement  thereof  since  1821  r 

<*> 
'•    ■     :      ,      V 


)ply,  and  the 

Jnited  States 
in  estimating" 


tince  1790. 


Foreign. 


•3,804,295 
17,125,2n 
86,300,000  1 

131,296,! 
85,600,6401 

173,106,813 
12,997,414 
61,211,616 
11,488,141 
43,079,975 
56,600,408 
71,132,312 
82,467,4121 
61,656,6311 
58,460,471 
63,640,0411 
56,054,1171 
51,153,918 
29,759,10" 
34,704,61« 
49,172,8 
21,696,2 
12,037,0 


!  paper,  or  aii\ 
ufactureB  no» 
iited  Statea 
»f.    They  con 
F  all  kinds,  in 
as  well  as  \ 
n  and  specie,| 
th  reference  f 
ultural  produ 
of  the  Unite 
hiarket.    Ge 
luctions.    Va 
jts^besides  < 
^ceeded  thei^ 
ily  augment 

efore  given,. 
1  speotek    T| 


BuUion  and 


H.  Doc.   136. 

coin  imported  and  exported  nnce  1821. 


8i5 


116,532,632 


l«}l,'22,and'23.. 

1884,  !25,  and  "26       - 

IfiST,  "gS,  and '29 21,411,566 

1380, -ai,  and '32 23,044,483 

1^ '34*  and '35:::: ^'??^'^J3 

1836, '37,  and '38..   ??'i"''"7 

18», '40,  and '41     41,664,411 

1842, '43,  and '44 19,466,622 

1846, '46,  and '47  V 32,237,780 

1848. '49,  and '50 ?^'96».263 

17,640,256 

5,453,981 
5, 503, 544 


1895,426 

1,862,107 

4,519,369 

26,947,213 

27,855,780 


•11,128,59* 


■Aggregate . 


20,449,236 
17,549,761 


^^•407,398)1^^;:;;;^ 


127,661,226 
20,516,140 
21,182,376 
16, 850, 944 
11,166,234 
13,808,631  ,... 

14,419,502 
28,769,202 
29,465,752 
42,674,135 


11,129,008- 

24,011,771 

37,170,691 

265,529,935"!  9^.201,42* 


^Jf'^f^^^r.ni%j::!^^:^ij^^  paper  to  comment  upon 
ejects  of  the  fluctuations  exSd  in  th^i'^'^"'  '°  ^«  ^^"^^s  ^d 
detailed  table  annexed  hereto  of  hese  iml^,'''''^''^'^™""*'  ^^  «  the 
Jdcal  economists  contend  that  Xt  iio^f  i  ^u"^  ^^P*'^^-  Some  po- 
l)emgm  favor  of  or  against  theui  Q.^f  ^^  "^l  ''h^mc^  of  traie^ 
^or  exportation  of  buUion  and Ipe^re  J  Th^'i"^"  ^^-^^  ™P°^- 
T^r^'l  '^'- ""Rr««Perous  conditio^  o '  tr^P  A  ^^'^""^^  ^^^he 
the  other  hand,  others  insist  that  qnrK  •  ^^  ^"^  commerce.    On 

fuetest  on  either  side;  aidlrwlrP^"'"''""  °^^^P°^'^tion  is  no 
bullion  mid  specie,  it  is  bes?7o  export  l^'l"^  ^^^  ^  ^"rplus  of 

ply;  and  that  then  those  articles  vL  ^/V^n°^  *^^  redund4|fi.sup- 
•^n,  of  being  the  mediaTnd  r^^^^^  ^f^"^  '^^^  pro*?  S 
commerce,  become  themselves  SfmTi  k-^'^"^^''^  «*"  ^Sje  and 
■nerce  Lke  other  products  SdXthf.  '"r^""''  °^  *^^«  «"d  coo? 
^^^prodn^ns  the  preciJurmefals.  '"^'  '^P^'""^  ^PPh««  to  a 

jon  ISdt^fen  r^^^^^^^^^  now  made  to  the  importa^ 

fcnuble  as  respects  both  of  XsT^hSf  "^^r^^e  the  feet.  eq^X 
raw  cotton.  ac*cording  Juif  trealu^Si'^^'  ^"' ^°^  exportatiSns  of 
Mionsof  buUionanJ soede  wST  statistics,  more  thaTforty-eiirht 
,1821,  to  have  been  exS  riiv'^^  beenrequired  amiuall^S 
ktthe  balances  oftSS*  a^nsf  t  "J°  "",??  ^^  ^PorteSHo 
^  exportations  of  raw  coTn  It  is  iue  tJ^  .^^'  "^^^^  *^"'  «>' 
|£«'  are  not  safe  criteria  as  to  Va^^JfVpt  i?"-^"^  accounts  of 
^a^  in  other  countries.  genl^"^^d^^„^"^g j;  ^^^^  United, 


leinnrfnt^^...  ■  _f r""*^°»  generaJiy  undervfllnnrl .  i..... -.i  ^  ***"*"' 

b^nU  prosperity.    Our  other  exTrtrandS^-^n'*^  f^P^^'  «nd  of 


J. 

>  ■'    '       . 

t .      ' 

m-,  ^tm- 

hm 

mm 

826  '  H.  Doc.   136. 

..hows  the  principal.domestic  e«K>rt8  in  th?  years  1821.  '22,  and  'A 
and  in  the  years  1850,  '61,  and  62 : 


ir-- 


Articles. 


Total  exports  of  domestic  produce 

Cotton ^ 

Tobacco — 

Rice 

Plour 

Pork,  hogs,  lard,  '&c 

Beef,  hides,  tallow,  &c - 

Butter  and  cheese.         • 

Skins  and  furs. .  - 

Fish 

Lumber,  &c 

Manufactures  of  all  kinds 


1821, '22,  and '23. 


$140,701,381 

64,638,062 

18,164,472 

4,878,774 

14,363,696 

4,003.337 

2,282,318 

604,106 

1,940,424 

2,894,229 

4,166,078 

9,013,269 


1850, '51,  and '32. 


$626,005,614 

272,266,665 

29,201,556 

7,273,613 

29,492,044  I 

16,683,772 

4,795,645 

3,119,606 

2,628,732 

V  1,391,475 

16,054,113 

61,376,348 


^7t  rs'5^.Trr2oVo^str  * 

aloO  or^tTnd'pfaxTlh,  $2,600,000  of  wheat,  $2,100000  o J 
indiaft  corn  an^meal,  and  $1,100,000  of  "ra|nn>duce,"  kmd  not  sta. 

^  Th™auve  importan<re  and  value  of  l|pton  crop  of  the  Unite 
States  to  U^e  other^eading  agricultural,  p^ts  of  this  country,  a» 
•SerprTncipal  articles  of  our^domestic  W  foreign  commerce,  is  more 
^  SLg  when  the  circumstances  attendant  upon  the  progress  of  eaj 
Sop  and  the  others  respectively,  are  considered.     The  augmentauod 
rL  l^imlation-the  vast  eit'ension  of  o"^terntory-the  great  »^ 
teZ  Sf  Se  area  of  our  lands  in  tillag^the  immense  additions  to 
Cultural  labor  in  our  native  population  and  m  foreign  emigraats 
K  S^en  us  consequent  vastly  fncreased  resources  and  sb^H 
Sef  production.    As  before  shown,  however,  the  greater  nortid 
St:s7of1he  agricultural  products  of  the  Uni^d^ta^s^-^  ohj 
manufactures  of  them,  except  cotton,  f^' '?^'^'^'^lF^^ 
The  fact  that  ihe  exportations  from  the  United  States  ot  manyotiij 
most  tapoSt  proShavenot  increased  in  proportion  to  our  incr^ 
S^nXtion,  resources,  axidabUity,  and  that  ^^-^^^J^^^f, 
is  a  sienal  exception,  surely  is  some  evidence  of  ite  value  and  ot 

Id  i^tio^anS  acmal  increase  of  the  wealth  and  pn^PfW^ 
.  cottorrejrion.  When  it  is  recoUected  that  very  little  of  thejidcbtiOL 
Xr  Jve^gy  /-^^^^gmnoiiinurestothecutivauon^^ 
Islstmiated  that  not  more  ffian  one  in  60^  otth*  ^^?^^'^"f 
go  to  the  cotton  region;)  and  when  the  extent  of  ^^^^^^^"^^"T^ 
^SeStates  where  ^tton  is  not  grown,  to  transport  their  P'?duce  to  maW 
rcSered,  it  wiU  be  Been  Siat  this  advancement «  thfe  ^^^ 

is  solely  thf  Result  of  steady  indusdy^gukted  by  A^^^ 
•  make  it  advantageous.    The  increased  labor  of  that  region  m«i\ 


50,'&l,aDd'Se. 


H.  Doc.  186.  "  82, 

almost  exclusively  derivPiJ  fiv.«,  .L  -^ 

dtivate  cotton,  ^hrdt^^l^^  States  u^at  do  not 

jtatof  otbe?  aflncultuttU  p^^^Z  ""  ^nprease  of  cotton  and 
ftcte  are  considered,  «^d  S^trSTr.  ?f  ^  ^^^"^^  ^^^n  tlSe 
phed.  and  not  population.Xrely  JX  t   '  ^'^^,«dvantageously  a^ 

increase  of  our  foreign  mi^Zjf''^'^u'^  '^""^  ^^^t  the  aggreirale 
increased  exnortatio'S  of^^^„°/°^^i^^«»dise  h^  not  equ^^o^ 
u«stof  aUotKr  articles  enXdrto  w  '^^'  "v^^foreltated.  h^ 
created  by  such  importations     Ani^f^  ^TZ""  *^®  ^^^"'^e  against  S 
"1^  of  importaSons  is  tainttr  4  ?,'^  '^'Z*^"*^^'  alsoS  the 
portions  of  the  country  that  do  Zt  L^     ^  ^°^  consumption  of  those 
rfimpoited  merchaSse  and  prJ^J^,^"?""  r«°"-    The^^onsumptS^ 
pter  than  the  proportion  oi  iSwhS    ""  ^,^^  cotton  region  may  be 
M,  but  in  the  aggj^gate  it  s  mu^M   P^P"^,^^^"  ^  that  of  other^sec! 

Addmg  the  mcrease  of  the  SS;^^^^^*'"*^^^  States-. 
If  cotton  to  the  exportation'  Xw  rtl^^"!"  ^"'"^^^^  manufactures 
I  andotheragncnlturalproducts^^fin  '  r^  comparison  between 
11826,  such  exportations,  ff  ^y  were  mir^'  ^^^"'"^^^  *«  «'  Pn?r  to 
Ireasury  returns,  and  all  our  inZS  J^' r '^'^  "«*  specified  in  the 
Ihose  returns  are  exclusivelyCe  0^/  °-  ''"°"  ^^«  specified  in 
jen  unported  hither.  And  th?neS-lv  t^TF  '"^""^^^ture'^  that  had 
f  foreign  raw  cotton,  and  thefflSi  u^'^^^^^^^e  importation 

&2f'7.Si!!;S^  ^orthe  nume^us 

J.^mportant  item  constituting  iL^^ue'Vi?'^  '"^  '^'  ^"«^^  States 
/all  these  manufkctures  was  in  1  sio  ™.  ^^S^^g^te  of  the  value 

J.S estimated,  as  before  stated  that  tt^T.^^'  °^  S27,540.000,  a^d 
h  r"^%  "P^ards  of  SriS)  ioo    Xt  V^"'"'"'^  ^"  ^hem  is      . 
M  have  to  be  imported.  *''''""'"^^-     B"t  for  our  own  crop,  thfs 

le policy  of  a'protStiiff,  kKo^t^'^'^V"  '^}'  P^P^''  "P«« 
Hjmeslic  cotton  manufactui  esffih---^  ^^'•^-  ^"^^^«^°f 
b  ''^  ^^"  °^gh  been  as  astoL£  ^  ?hl  ?'  "^"^^^  ^  ^^^  ^^^^^ 
fp,  especially  when  the  advanXS  ^L  ^^^,T'^^'^  °^  ^«  cotton 
Capital  bortowed,  and  othral^anl.  ^  ^^^°^'"^  ^°^  interest 
W  manufactuWs,  aJe  coS^^^  by  British  and 

Manufacturing  estab  ishmenrateal  ,,«^r  '"^*^  advantages, 
kcrop  of  raw  cotton  of^hruSS^S/'T'-""^'**''-''  °*  *he 
f2,  they  were  of  little  consequenS     T W  «    .  ?"*""  *°  '^^  ™  «f 
Nonng  that  war.    They^^^^'  ,  J^fy  ^l^  became  of  import- 
Poffmanufactures  conntmJin  theU^HS^      S  ^f'^^  of  the 
mptWH  of  our  domestic  cotton  min„f   f '  '*    ®"^^  8"PPly  for  Aom« 
,"008  of  doUars  in  1849^'6?    w^^°"^^^'"^,^«.  ^^ceedea  iG^^ven 
N millions  seven  hut^d  iho^Ld'S'l  ^f  ««"«,y«"^wa«Js 
pn&ctures  to  foreign  countries  .sl^llf"*  ""^  '''?'■  ^"'"^^^c  cotton 


,■-■(. 


■*.'■  I 


823 


H.   Doc.  186. 


.         cc     •       ^Af*«n  mnnufactuiea  in  1862  were  $19,689,496,1 
portations  of  foreign  qdtton  ^^^^"^^^^^^ 

andofthis  weexDOrtedS991.78^^^^  ^^^^^  manufacture* 

It  will  be  9«ticf  ,  ^^at  XJ'^^^^^  cotton  manufactures  con- 

are  oyer  J^^jSyl^^^^^Teduc  e^  f?om  tfee'same  consumption,  it 
CS  onl^uTslseTa;  a  balance  of  .he  foreign  manufactures  . 

consumed.     '  .  -^     j-  ^^   cotton  crop  in  GreaJ 

.    We  now  pay  ^^"fy^^\o%iSooro  those  countries  for  manufac 
Britain>and^uro^  about  no.00^^  .^  fi.3t  expo  J 

turing  for  us  that  P«f-^°"  ;i;  Xreof  then  imported  into  the  Unite] 

thither,  and  the  manu^ff  ""^^^  ^^VrmTthe^^ 
States;  but  they  are  at  the  s^eume^^^^^ 

eruire  crop,  and  most  of  ^^^^"^^^^^^^  .  ^d  the  cotton  produce. 

tured  here  at  the  ?«J™^«'^^,^?3'Sf/SSable  to  them,  an/ thatthej 
insist  that  the  fore^^^^l^^J  IS  A^^^^^  ^^^^^  ^^^^  ^^  \ 

have  the  right  to  s^'^,  ^''^"^  "^P?  ^ig^ges  them  to  manufacture  it.   oJ 
to  employ  jmd  pay  whom  oe  J  It  p^^^^^^^^  ^^  ;^^,^^  ^ 

r^sT;  now  ™:of^J^&rS  by  .he  co^rj 

been  anUcipated  byjom^.  ^^^I'^^lf^^S"  cotinof  tbclJ 
ST  'The  tuS'fe^E  Seb  conSnerce  whieh  our  mer^ 

uon  Wond  the  mcrMse  ot^ur  agg   g     „f  ^^acturea,  but,  mi 
rhS^eTthe  coSTmSnfaCares  of  the  United  SWes^ 

5826  wklTrefe  ence  to  e^uuion.,  exceed,  in  value  'he  aggtep^ 
182b,  wiin  reiere  k,     ^J™.         ^^  manufactures  added  tomthei!! 

*\"3manhSrah1^h  position  in  the  legislaUveM 
of  IhlTS  government,  -d  %- i"Jettge-e  on  to  .^ 
nnt  aiirnassed  bv  anv,  esUmates  that  m  1862  tbe  caj"^  ""™ 

employed  in  such  rxisxix^^tonesi^d  ^^t ^^^^00^^^ 
316,000.000  pound8,of  cotton,  worth  at  least  $36,000,000  wm^ 


V-, 


H.  Doc.  136. 


^29 


i'n  tCySiiS^/""'  ^'  ^-^^  -^«  --lin  and  other  manufac 

ktures.  in  lieu  of  ardc£  that  mui  hT^"  ^",?  f  "'""^''^  ^°"*^"  ™^»"- 
Lre  than  has  been    heUse  ra    t^^-^^^^^ 
our  cotton,  until  our  domestic  ^mdnpr^?  consideration,    ^ut  for 

Lome  sufficient  for  ournecesS  1  inTi'^  .'  ^"'^  ""^  ^^''  ^^ 
Llyon  foreign  countries  Sfn  fnTV  "^"^  5^'^''  ''^^"  compelled- to 
L/demand  for  the  oth';  ardci 's   ^^^  ««  m,„,f,,,„       ^^^^  ^H^^^^^^^ 

lamption  of  cotton  and  its  nnnnfnri  •  '"'^''''r^  ^'^^  increased  con- 
IJgn  countries  should  be  r^«^^^^^^  the  United  States  and  in 

IfiinVrtations  over  exportatfons  n.  Z  ''^^''  deprecate  an  excess 
LnS-catly  beneficial  Courford^-^""''"'  to  a  country,  as  having 

fessened  the  e-;„ppr  J^•2  byuTof  thfoth^^^  ^^  ''  ^^' 

If  the  lerporUiions  6r  raw  cotton  tZ  fhf  If  ™?'r^^-        ' 
contrary  to  general  anticioTtion  ?Wr         r^  ^"'**'''  ^*^*««  should, 
^e,S  an  Article  of  eSSn  couSTe  fiZ  '"^i^^^u"'  ""^^^«  ^^^ 
iient  amount  of  domestic  mScfnr^^    r      ^  '"P^^'^''  ^^  ^"  ^^"i^- 

L  and  product  must  of  Tcesshv  Z  d-'  ""  '"^'"^'  "'  '"^^^"^■ 
fcirree-  and  the  787  son  Ir  ki      ^'    ,     decrease  m  a  correspondinff 

Pror^aWe^Ifd'fo?5^^^^^^  -i  lh«  6,M 

It  the  same  necessity,  to  tWoduclTf^^^^^^^^  would  hp  diverted, 
L,  barley,  oats,  and  the  S  and  the  rn  ^'\^''''^^^';  (^heat,  rye, 
Sef,.porkflard,  butter^T  Tj"e   esultTcf^  *"'  P'^^^^J' 

^cheapening  of  those'  ani!.les,  tS    i|^h\'^^^^^^^^ 
fc  f  Xr  ^">g  ^»d  stock-raising  States"  less  pXbTe  ?han  at 
tenT     ^K  ?S"^"^"«t  «"d  stock-raisers  in  th^ese  States  would 

)me  of  the  surplus  labor  of  the  cotton -growfngXte^would  the^  h  ' 
;ffi  ^"  "^T^^^^^P^  «ndmechaJ^al.pLmts!nrrcwX 
;S!o^?w"l'""'  '^^"^  "'^'^'^  ^^^  -PP^-  -  --  -Sdly 
fc'^T^'  of  the  fluctuations  in  the  priced  of  cotton  have  been 
fe  r  ,t  Vl"^ •' W°"  ^"'^  discussion  imong  the  polUicS  econc^  ' 
fete  of  the  PtutefStates,  and  others  interesfeS,  but  hid^erto  their T 
Wauons  and  discussions  have  not  resulted  in  much  mlcSo^JcZ     ' 

tSer.l"°'^"-P^°^"^^^i  ^^^«  ^^"  held  in  the sSSSte^* 
W  different  theories  advanced  as  to  these  causes,  and  different  reme 

h  pKL?a3"T'^-^?  *°  *^^  T^^«  °f  thesfSation 
ive  produced  diff«rences  of  opmion  as  to  the  remedies  and  prevent- 

Cn  f«f "  adopted.    In  some  wstances  the  causes  are  widely  different 

^Mnf^'^'^'^f^'^^''^  toother  products.    D^S" 
Wentorihe  crop  has,  ordinarily,  no  inconsiderable  influence  ?n  the    - 

«  9^?  2J7  n«Q         "5"  "'7-  f  '"'''  '^'  -^rtatian.  alone  of  v5u^h 
TC^,237,089  pounds,  which  at  12.11  cents,  brought  $112,816,817 

i^h"'"^u^lft''^^  exportations  of  which  were%u' GSWeoi 
t;^t  ^^^^^T'  ""'  «71'984.616;  and  the  cix.p  ;,f  IsTs! 
exportations  of  which  were  1,026,642,^69  pounds,  brought  6.5 


1"  ■  m 


if- 


;:f^ 


830 


i*' 


H.   Doc.  136. 


cents,  or  $66'ja96*^67t/  and  repeated  instances  will  be  found  in  the  an- 
nexed table^j  where  large  crops  have  brought  large  prices,  and  short 
crops  short  pjd«^3^  The  extent  of  the  crop  cannot,  therefore,  in  all 
cases  be  regarae(MS  governing  the  prices.    The  price^  of  freights  have 
some  influence.    Much  more  depends  upon  the  condition  of  the  foreign 
and  domestic  cotton  manufactories — the  general  depression  or  pros- 
perity of  trade,  commerce  and  navigation,  and  the  state  of  the  money 
market.     The  manufacturers  at  home  and  abroad  have  to  resort  to  ex- 
tensive credits  to  carry  on  their  works,  even  to  purchase  the  raw  cot- 
ton ;  and  the  scarcity  of  money  is  certain  to  cause  a  corresponding 
depression  in  the  price  of  cotton.    But  the  primary  and  chief  cause  of 
these  fluctuations  is  to  be  found  in  the  fact,  that  very  often,  so  soon  as 
raw  cotton  leaves  th6  possession  of  the  planter,  whether  it  is  purchased 
I'rom  liim  or  not,  it  becomes  the  stake  for  the  most  hazardous  gambling 
among  those  who  should  be  styled  conamercial  speculators  and  gam- 
blers, rather  than  merchants.     When  it  is  seen  that  a  rise  of  cotton  of  one 
cent  per  pound  creates  a  differem:e  in  the  value  of  that  exported  from 
the  United  States  alone,  of  ten  mulions  of  dollars,  (and  of  course  a  rise 
of  a  mill,  one  million,  and  of  ^  tenth  of  a  mill,  one  hundred  thousand 
dollars ;)  and  when  it  is  recollected  that  raw  cotton  is  regarded  as  a 
cash  article,  and  used  in  lieu  of  exchange  for  remittances  abroad,  it  can 
readily  be  imagined  that  temptations  and  inducements  exist  to  the 
most  hazardous  speculations  in  that  article,  by  those  who  imagine  they  I 
foresee  an  advance  in  its  price,  and  who,  so  soon  as  they  purchase, 
exert  themselves  to  effect  the  result  they  desire.     The  establishment  of 
"  Planters'  Union  Depots''  at  the  chief  shipping  ports  in  the  South,  for 
the  storing  of  cotton  for  sale,  and  also  similar  depots  at  or  near  the  chief 
Atlantic  cities,  has  been  proposed  as  a  remedy  for,  and  prevention  of, 
the  evils  complained  of.    And  the  establishment  of  similar  depots  at 
different  points  in  Continental  Europe  has  also  (since  recent  occurrences 
in  Great  Britain,  indicating  a  revival  of  the  ancient  hostility  to  the  cotton 
interest  of  the  United  States)  been  suggested.     Doubtless,  the  estab- 
lishment of  such  "  CoktineMal  Depots'*  would  open  new,  as  we^as  ex- 
tend the  existing  markets  for  our  raw  cotton,  among  the  continerfllpnan- 
ufacturers ;  and  it  would  greatly  encoijrage  and  promote  the  latter,  and 
cause  them  to  become  formidable  con^petitors  and  rivals  to  the  manu- 
facturers of  Great  Britain,  and  it  is  n6t  unlikely  some  practical  meas- 
ures of  the  kind  will  be  adopted.    Direct  trade  between  southern  pom  I 
and  Europe,  so  far  as  it  respects  the  cotton  exported  thither,  has  oeeaj 
looked  to  as  likely  to  relieve  the  planting  interest  from  the  effects  of  the  I 
fluctuations  as  to  prices,  and  at  tne  same  time  to  relieve  it  from  the  ei-f 
orbitant  and  onerous  charges  it  is  at  present  subject  to,  by  shipments  toj 
Eastern  Atlantic  ports  before  shipment  to  Europe ;  but  it  is  stronglyl 
doubted  whether  tne  result  of  such  change,  without  further  preventive^! 
would  not*  be  merely  another  illustration  (^f  the  old  fable  of^the  foxi 
the  flies.    The  planter  will  ahvajra  be  st^^ect  to^milar  exactitm 
those  now  made ;  and  they  will  be  incre^ed,  till  he  restrains  himself 
from  parting  with  the  plenary  and  personsd  control  of  his  crop,  in  anj 
way,  except  by  absolute  sale.    He  will  noti  be  relieved  whilst  the  pay-I 
ment  of  advances  on  his  crops,  or  other  micrcantile  debts  incurred  onl 
their  credit,  constraii^  bim,  year  after  year,  a^  to  the  disposition  of  their 


H.   Doc.  136. 


831 


ISre^Jfr!^:;^^^^^^^^  dependent  on  the  store-keeper,  and 

to  his  plantaCt^^if^etoTnTr^^^^^        purchaser  E,  ;,me 
refuse  to  part  with  ft,  and  keen  f.vf'  f      '^''•t  u  "^'  P^''  ^  ^^'  P"^^^ 
When  pli^ters  genemlfv  ado^  1. i     T  ""^''  he  can  get  such  price 
of  little  consequence  rfhemK"!^^^^  '"^^  «y«^^"^'  "  ^"1  be 

after  they  leavi  their  ha^ds  a^d  '^Ll  f  l'^"""  ^P^  "«  «"^J«^ted  to 
lions  occasioned  by  sSadon/ ^  J  ""  Kr  ""^«^''-t?d  by  the  fluctua- 
mestic  manufacturJrslmZTid  2^'>^  "^^  The, foreign  and  do- 
the  intermediate  commerciaUi.r^^.  '}  ''  '*'^""  '°*^'"^^*  ^^  S^t  rid  of 
tte  planter,  and  will  unTe  in  tfe  nStJ       ?""f ''  ^^*^^^»  ^^^"^  ^d 

Appended  hereto  are  tabL  oAhT      1'"'?  '^''^'^' 
exports  of  domestic  cotton  mrnufLtt.f^'''''  ""^ '"""^  "°"°«  ^"1852, 
cotton-manufactures,  si^eL^^^^'^mST  ^f "'  ^^P^'^^  «^f«^«'gn 
same  year.    Particular  at'eS'sS"  whT'"*  •  ""^  '""°?  manufactures, 
reference,  the  fact  cannot  escanPohl      r  ^'"^u"  '°  '^^'"-     ^n  such 
Ae  United  States,  by  £ral  aTd  tZ^^''7'  t"'  j^"  government  of;^ 
end)  arrangements  wth  X  diffi      ?'''''  ^^'^  judicious  because  lib- 
mLm  eminent  of  America  Wen  if  "'T'"''  "^  ^^^^  ^"d  the 
«ir  domestic  cotton  m^Sure.  in^f^"^  '^^  ^^""'"^«  ^^  P^y  ^^ 
,raise,  may  open  exte™  and  nUf.    ?'  P''',^"'^'  '^^^^^^  ^^  do-'not 
.oting  thi  pLpeSy  L  weU  of^thf       "  ?'^^^''  ^""^  "^  '^^'^^y  P^o- 
of  cotton.     Anfonc^e  operand  est^hl^f ''"[''  ^^°^  ^'^^  P^^"^^^ 
would  in  a  few  years,  itl  andoinSlt  k  ^  '"'^'l  "'^^^^'  ^^^  demand 
Lesent  exportation?     The  fip  H  T    '  ^^  ''^"P^  *^  ^^^  ^^^ole  of  our 

L  countries,  and  in  t^VacL  andTa^f  l''"^  "%^"'  ^  "«'  ^» 
These  farfq  fnllxr ,!««,     ^-^^inc  and  ±.ast  Indies,  is  unbounded. 

P«  may  KdopSTLi™  ""'^  ""  '■""^'^  °f '^l  "■=  %»li- 
U  crop  of  this  coum^   ,Y/°™«°  g^Yernments  to  supplant  Jj^. 

LeasiirMof  r,lS  ^'      '  .°'^''  ''"'  '"efficiency  an/tUv  onll    ■ 
TlfXacyc  n,Ke,^X:  wlhrffv""'  eotton-growers  of ' 

reuits  and  p«3^U6n'3  woidd  cause  in  any  other  countrv     TJ.o.^if 
toD-producersf5heUnitef  States  niayr^^^^^^ 
tei^^*'^  ^"^  ^^'^^^  «f  action.^hey  i^S 


/- 


i 


^^ 


i: 

CI 


C is  suWeri^K  f  ""V^^P^^^  ''^'^'S^^  and  expenses  to  which  hi* 
pi  18  subjected  before  ho  receives  its  proceeds,  the  planter  is  gene- 
Ply  the  person  who  makes  the  least  profit  from  itF  What  are  bt 


f' 


1 '  4 

1^ 

m 

* 

4* 

■i 

M 

S82 


H.  Boc.   186. 


■^i^-l 


% 


^■^iV 

^HK'°' 

'V-l 

HHjB.  - 

■i 

M./    *        *■' 

'  ^  I 

Sf»  •      <  ,, 

I 

•Ji 

i..^..f:|- 

w 

fV  't> 


«     y 


lieved  to  be  the  most  practical  preventives  have  been  before  aUuded  to 
Means  and  ways /of  avoiding  imposition  will  suggest  themselves  to 
S^e"  elHgent  pUer,  and  hfs  example  will  be  followed  by  his  n,.g^^- 
bors.  Ere  long  oiir  manufactories  will  furni.h  us  with  all  of  the  cotton 
goods  we  neei  at  our  Own  doors,  and  of  our  own  manufacture,  frbm 
SiTptoduct  we  have  raised.  But  whatever  we  may  determine  to  do, 
S>  governmental  policy  of  any  foreign  country,  hostde  to  our  interest^ 
no  Combination  of  such  govern  ments— can  release  or  lessen  the  absolute 
S^pendenT^^^^^^^^  Ihe^'cotton  Zone"  of  the  United  States,  which  all 
X  manufacture  or  Use  this  product  are,  and  must  continue  to  be  sub- 
let to,  till  Providence  decrees  the  change  by  means  now  unforeseen 

"Lfo'mTteign  'raw  cotton  was  admitted  inthe  United  State, 
duty  free  ;  but,  after  the  first  of  January  of  that  year,  >t  paid  a  duty  o 
three  cents  per  pound,  till  the  double  duties  were  imposed  by  the  act  of 
jZ  ISli^DSJing  the  war,  and  till  April,  1816  it  paid  six  cents 
an^since  that  day  it  has  paid  three  cents,  til,  by  the  act  <)f  1846 '^ 
wa3  made  free,  i^lexanier  Hamilton„in  1791,  recommended  the  "re- 
peal''of  the  duty  as  "indisperisable"  for  the  security  of  the  "national 

manufacturers"  of  cotton.  c      u ^^^  ^e  ^v 

Within  two-thirds  of  a  century,  this  product  has  become  one  of  t  e 
most  important  of  the  agricultural  products  of  the  world,  andari  article 
of  necessity  for  which  no  adequate  substitute  can  readily  be  had.    It  s 
now  by  far  the  most  valuable  article  of  commerce  existing  between  dif. 
ferent  nations.    The  foreign  commerce  of  no  one  nation,  m  wheat,  or 
wlieat-flour,  or  other  cereal  products  for  the  subsistence  of  man-^r  in 
beef,  pork,  or  other  provisions,  even  if  estimated  together-has  ever 
b^en,^or  i    now,  as  W  i»  value  as  that  of  the  tjnited  States  m 
the  article  of  raw  cotton  produced  in  the  Untfed  States,  and  m  manu- 
factures therefrom.     The  articles  of  tea,  tobacco,  ardent  spirits,  wines, 
silks,  and  coffee,  have  ranked  high  on  commercial  hsts;  butpdneof 
then^  have  equalled,  in  any  one  country,  the  present  rajk  of  Amencaj 
cotton  and  its  manufactures ;  and  the  articles  just  specified  are,/too,  aU 
luxuries,  not  absohitely  indispensable  for  subsistence  or  raimpnt,  and 
brail  of  them  substitutes  may  be  found.    In  fact,  if  the  importation  or 
use  of  every  one  of  these  articles  were  destroyed  or  decreased  iby  legis- 
lative enactments,  or  the  equally  arbitrary  decrees  «f /«;^l°"  f  ,;"^ 
tom,  or  by  other  means,  the  next  generation  would  ,not  fee  the  dejrh 
Tation.    The  abandoament  of  other  arUcles  fonnerly  used  insteadof 
manufactures  of  cotton,  and  the  general  use  of  the  latter,  and  espec^y 
of  the  ordinary  kinds,  throughout  the  world,  (induced  by  their  cheap- 
ness  and  superiority,)  render  them  indispensaW  to  the  conrfort  of  m^ 
till  something  is  diiovered  to  supply  their  place.    For  half  a  centuiy, 
Se^reverypeople-^f  every  de^^ee  of  civWiOn,  of  every  class  j 
sodetv.  and  in  every  variety  of  climate-has  adopted  the  use  of  cottM 
Inanufectures.    Such  is  the  character  of  the  product,  aad  «>,diver«fie^ 
STthe  articles  that  can  be  manufactui^d  from  »t,  that  they  have  takffl 
Z  luce  of  many  other  articles  widely  difFererit  from  each  other  ;^ 
they  are  applied  to  various  and  dissimilar  usesj  m  climates  of  differen 
temperature,  and  among  different  races  and  na:.on8,  whose  hab^mi 
•CUBtomB are u  unlike  as  their  respecUye  countries.    The  manufactui« 


0  •>       ■; 

^'   Doc.  I3(j 

of  this  product  in  the  wnri  i  *  ^^ 

?fe-  '"'  "^^"""^'^"^-^  ^^---^ 

country  and ^ofX coir '•'  ^"^  V  ^t  c!^."^:",;^^.^^^  Vnited  State? 
rectness  of  all  the  c^inS  S  "^T^^  '^^Skt  beT"!'  u"^  *^'« 
importance  of  the  LZT  '''^^^nfe'l  in  this  nanpr  11  .     l    ^'''  ^^^  cor- 

ovvn  country,  but  to T Av3^"^"  ^'^  ^'"itedXe? 'o/^'  '^^'^^""^ 
that  has  been,  now  i.  t-  ■  1' '  "^^'^  every  other  f'  '?*'S'^ereIy  to  our 
^between  nations  '^^.V^'l/'-'^'.-'y  to  becofn^  t  ^^^"^^  P^^^duct 
basis  of  the  conimorc    I'n    ""^"'^  P'^'^'  U'^t  liT.  th     !■  "^  commerce 

-pect  to  the  rraTetuv'e"?^ -V''"^'''^  -'n^di  ejtd  '^'"^ '^"^ 
foreign  nations.  *^"  "'^  '^HUos  as  to  th,.     ^'      "  ^®  well  with 

The  statistics  adduced  show  the  V  „  "'"""■"■  '""  '"  ""^ 

The  cultivation  of  cotion       /      ^'''^^''"^^iiig  facts  ■ 

residue  (120,000;  a'rotKi',  ev'"'"  '""  ^'""^  ".nXrT^^^''^^  ^^^°^-^«- 
cotton  zone,  rnisin.  coiZ  u    T-'"''^''  '''''  '^"'  'l  "n t;  "'"' '  ^^  '^^ 
practical  refutation  of  ,        ,^'  !''«''■  o^n  I.bor  on    l.i^'^  P'''''*  «^ the 
Um.    These  citizen,         '';""'''''  ^'at  ^^lab^),    j  ^''*'''"  "^^"  Iands-~a 
hotton  crop.     And   /*■""'  ''^^••'- ^'">ilies  at  .,   t-^ff  ^"  in  that  re! 
e^'imated  Ihat  at  tn.t   "/'^'^  ^'^^  ''^^-^^d^m:::^  ."}  T^  ^^^  the 
eniployed  in  n.isi^^,,^:^,:;^  '"'^^'^^  P'^^^^' ^l^pS  f '?!!'  "  ^« 
hm,  or  reside  in  tlie  S  e     V"  '"  ^'"'"^^«'ic  avoJa  io  ^     '  \"^^''  ^« 

pothers  en,^---^-^^.^ 

1^  capital  (lands,  slaves  L^xW""  ""'  P'-eparation  nr  ?  i  ^^'^^'-^rs 
fencuftural  imple'n;^t.  m^  {'^  ^ployed  tl,eiein  ?nd^  r""  P°««««s 
|the  other  Stftes  .7tt  c  „ r"?^'''  ^^^^'"g'  ropJX    ll  ^^?  ^5^^. 

b-  or.  th.u,h  t^:t!:isgrdr  ^^ 

fcotton  employs  unw.  Ac  ''^^"  P"^^'^«««  our 


V 


^ 


.V 

t 

'.\ 

■r 

■:  ^ 

J  • 

ii.i 

\:_    ■', 

•jHl:.;i 


.! ' .» .' 


■■  ;* 


''!*» 


»"• 


834 


H.  Doc.   IW. 


!^«Tnr  otherwise,  the  laborers,  antl  ino»t  .  •     gr,  the  stcvedorr, 

=11, .. .  '^rf:;  i^:;.Sr^^- 

JLon    coastwise,  or  of  '"^^f  J^'^^tSv^^-*  employment  at  h.s  tunc 
shipmem  ^^     ^^je  manufactoiy.     !'^^V     i- :  'such  manufactories. 

i^  Xrdstneans  of  subsistence  to  "^^"J^^^^.i^^hosc  aggregate  annual 
It  »fl°'l'^„^,^_turin  m-^^e.  f;;  r-  The  manufactories  cousume 

Taf  use  dyestufts,  employ  "^^-\""  f  ;rc-pen^,  the  ipason  the 
ifisesnmateilhatAeW    g        ^       ^^ 


ritet  Ae  fo^ign  to^y X^here  to  foreign'  — 
'7'"?..?  .„  .houf  onM»*  ";  i  ,L  „«traite  annual  crops  of  Alata 


;i,  and  south  Cf""^  ""  rEurop!  for  V^ 


J^^a"&Tasgaluable^f=f.taT.^r^^^^^ 
=f\;ftheUmied  States  i9»  thai  11  an  itusbandroaBr  the  mgcSj 

^f  Ihe  pecuniary  ability  to  resort  to  Uxem       ^^^  f  ^„^ 


equ"  ly  ennobling  '^4■^'   r  wjt     7'"^  °**  '"^^PeS^e  lid^W 

y^V^^h  oughj  t(,  be  uj.ivrV.      '"'■^''^P^O'l'ncc,  under  Svor  of  pL^  i  "'''' 

-less  tlitinKsoO  000  .1     "■^'V^"ti'c.,.t.s  of  Ameri  C^J         °'''''^"^*^'  - 

nations.     Morethan  ,        '      '"l"''  ?'"'  ^''■^I'^^'"'-  ind  en  S^^^     tJie  we.alth 
raerciai    nterests  o^^  ,  '      '  '^""""  '"'v^nccd  the  , U^ri/^         "V^  ^^f'-     • 

Si? 'es^Sss^ss  - 

fen.    Cotton  is  found  in  ^siiken?^^""'  "'^^  '"^^^rts,  may  thev  S 
hbonablfe  parlor,  and  it  contt^^  ^"^  decoratioCo^th^ 

J^%fi,rms>ed  apartments.  Jt TusedTti  ?™".'  ^«^^«  i^^  less 
C  '  '"^^ '"  ^''^  P^»«t  of  the  ndiapi  p  lu^'^nous  couch  of  the 
|ation,  profession,  and  interest-. hT  ?^ t'-ade,  c Juing,  dccu! 
P^^m  the  United  Sta^s.  ne^ini"'^^'  ^"  ^'  reasons,  and  aT  dl 

^not  o^y  have  cotton  ml^^^^Ct  T^'  "^^^^  ^^"^  colto^ 


\ 


if. 


■  V 


jy- 


V\i 


..■.::i 


836 


H.  Do<5.   186. 


»ine  m^Z/to«.  of  dollars  rtc^^^^^^^  .^^^  ,^^  increased  supply, 

the  increased  wants  ot  i'^i^^'S"/;"""'  ,  .,nd  three  hundred  millions  of 

r-T/u'Aatt'nu^^od  il"  ^r'^wn^^^^^^^^  it  may  bo  amici- 

taming  all  that  i^/^1"'[*:". '  .^.  „_  v.les'jed  with  peace  and  lair  crops 
pated  that  herealtcr,  wh.lst  ^  e  are  ^  ^^^^^^l^'^P  -^  ^^i,,^  than  o«e 
Ld  pricey  our  anmud  -i-//?;    '    .7^^^;^^^^       a  gw  years  extinguish 

countries  which  we  do  not  >et  P'^^^^^^^.^.^f^^P'y    „  ..^op  of  the  United 
TKpro  Tre  other  important  results  ot  the  couon  crup  ui  i 
1  here  are  oiner  imi  .  ,  ^  sugs:est  and  commend 

inteUigent  ='»'-™X tltSr c  ?l  p  r  yf  ufo"^^^         comment  i. 
LiSe.r.^  r;a;tj:r.fo:«ri«iL? ke^rea  .„  in  the  fir.  pa. 

IV  ot  rXr  than  necuniary)  which  should  not  be  overlooked.    1  he 
fnttC^o^^ollZnS exclusively,  the sccorul  to  its  position  w.th 

*" TL^tfluenTe'^the  various  "cotton  interests"  in  every  section  of 
th^cM^Z  i^rengihemng  the  bonds  and  bands  of  that  federal 

3S  P^ciples.--vhen  the  time  comes  for  pracUcal  a^tion.the  c^ 


H.   Doc.  J36. 


837 


.  servative  influences  above     1  i 

upon  for  the  adininistration  ofTrebnU  \^^\  'T"""'^  "^^^  ^e  relied 
vmce  tlie  misguided  of  their  error  l^n  ^^k^'  I.^"^^  "  ^"^^^  to  con- 
,  effects  upon  them,  or  the  less  povverlif  T   \'  J'l"  ^^^s  withering  in  its 
preservatmn  of  concord  and  uiTon  ^P^^l^ing  right  and  in  the-. 

ourcott<^  !^f  E  :^a;^.?™  '^  ^-ied  that  by  means  of 
miUions  of  the  people  of  otherLmfs    i    i      "^^^««"ies  anci  wants  of 
their  manufocturing  laborers    vv.?     '  T  ^"'"^^  ^'^^^^d  employment  for 
dmon  and  alleviatf  the  suff^'in"  of lu^r  ™''  '"  f- ^lioL^the  cot 
workmg  classes  of  the  old  coun  rt' In     T?'?''^u""^  impoverished 
comfojt  and  happiness  more  t  Inn"  nlTtl^^^^^^         ''^^  «"°^  «f  human 
century.    And  it  has  not  hoena^i^^-'P''^^^^r'^^''  the  last  hall 
abstraction,  or  a  Utopian  sc-heme  of  .M?;;  prmcmle,  a  transcendent 
acheat.hke  "Dead-sea  fruitsIthatZrn  T' ""^f^''^'^"^  ^'•^^^'•"ity"- 
wehavebestoweduponthetn    b  f  .  .     I       """'^^  ^"  ^^e  lips"~that 
stantial  comforts,  app"rem^o  t )  I       "^^'  P['^"^'^'=^^'  '^^^^  tan4fe,  sub- 
by  it  we  have  be^n  gfven  effect  il^.  '""'P'""?^  .'^"'"«-     And,  sdU  more 
need  be.  of  coercion  t^  as  to  tTe     ""'  ^^  "'^'^"^  «"^1  ^^^traint,  a^d  if 
have  become,  and  muS^co;  nue  to^ ir^'"'"^  "^  ^^"^«  nations  w^o 
States  of  this  confederacy  for  hr.ullv  \f  P?"'^'"l"P'^"  '^^  ««"them 
employment  for  miUionf of  ti^rl&i'T''"''^''''^''^  ^•'P^^^iJe 
an^  wherewith  to  obtain  raimen  ^07^11  cL       '  -"Tr^"'  ^"^  children, 
and  poor.     The  necessitv  fir       u         passes— idle  and  laboring  rich 

the  United  States  Iiri^vaJble  suT?^'"'  i!^^  ^lependenTe^'ot 
naviour"  of  those  governmenS^tow^^^^^^^^  P«^^'«  ^n^goodC 

others,  in  "the  peace  of  (^d^-''  Tm    K'  '"'1"''""*"^'  ^^  ^owtrd^  all 
outage  or  oppression  in  their  owntuUolt'  '""'  ^""'^'^  «^^"«' 

3.on  IS  inconsistent  with  the  sSc  cd  Jce't  ^^^  '"Pr^  ^^'^  ^'8^  mis- 
towards  men,"  are  in  error.    Insults^-^v?. '         ,f  ^^^  P^^^^'  g««l  will 
and  justice  executed,  without  vdadrThi"  'T'^'tI'  ^•'"'^"g^  ridressed, 
these  confederated  sovereign  til  3  tl  I"^  "'    P"!^    *^^  P^¥«  of       , 
and  religious  freedom,  the  feTr.T  '  vllt    7^  '^"^  ''^^^^^"^^  «f  civil , 
»to  a  consolidated  "li^ita 'y  repubilTh  T^^^^  '^T  '^•^  V«n«formed        : 
of  conquest,  wield  its  Lghty  S  m  ,. l        7'  "^f"  '"^"^^  ^y  lust 
jugate  other  nations.    An^  ifusSs  S^^'  '^"'P^'^'  ^""q"^'"'  "^  sub- 
cairtied  that  "a  fixed  deterrnS  to  i!v  '^'^'f'''''^  y^^rs  since  pro- 
other  nations"  was  a  cardinal  ruKitrtr-^''  "^"'"  °^  °ff^°*=«  to: 
government;  and  he  also  saTd  that  "w hh  thirrf  ^'•""  ?^  '^'  ^'^''^ 

^S^t;iS^F?S=S 

H^  destiny  awaiting  the  AmerS^'i  °  .VK<^«^«"'"mation  of  the 
"•sconduct,  they  should  rigfdTva^^^^^^  ^^^^.^  ^«  "«*  forfeit  it  by 

^»th«r  injunction  ly  the  sa^fhafarnKv^ 't  ^""^  ^"°^"^'  «"d  ^  tl^ 


•i: 

li^ 

•i 

St;  Wk 

;-i> 

rirtR- 

-f 

f 

i* .' 

<4 

* 

>i 

!    sj 

•fij 

H 

i 

Statement  of 


Danish  West  Ind 
Haiwe  Towns... 

England 

Scotland 

British  Honduras 
British  West  Ind 
British  American 

Canada. 1 :.. 

France 

Cuba. 

Porto  Rico " 

Hayti ' 

Mexico 

Central  America.. 

New  Granada..."^ 

Venezuela. 

Braiil " 

Chili 

Peru ■ 

China. 

Africa 

Soath  seas  and  Pac 

Total... 


f  H  "f  ' 


H.  Doc.    136. 


839 


SuUe^eM  oftkeyal^  ^f  cotton  g<^  of  foreign  manufacture  eroded  iurin 
^  <  the  year  ending  June  30, 1852.  «^?W«*  during 


Exported  to— 


FOREIGN   CX)TT01f  GOODS   MPORTID. 


Printed  & 
colored. 


Danish  West  Indies . 

Haaw  Towns ',\ I      12,748 


England . 

Soothnd ........\ 

British  Honduras \" 

British  West  Indies .'.'.'". 
British  American  colonies 
Canada. 1 :... 

F^ce ."-'.'.'.*.■.'." 

Cuba 

PortoRlco 

Hayti. 


uSK.r  "*'*'^-  ^'''^^-'' 


Mexico 29,983 


Central  America.. 

New  Granada \\ "'" 

Teneniek. .".* *" 

Braril \ 

Chili :: 

Peru :: 

China. :: 

Africa 

South  seas  and  Pacific  ocean"..".'.".! 


196,535 

1,671 

1,003 

422 

4,783 
6,856 


4,210 

26, 344  j    m:ai  &70  ;  o  av^ 

12,365   ,  '*'^ 

95  I                  '  386 

12, 513 

23, 204 

120,383 

750 

3,176 

370 


$3,398 
4,435 
61,344 
12,601 
05 
16,301 
51,308 
266,963 
750 
19,384 
370 
31,20a 
484,896 
3,679 
6,383 
43S 
6,243 
16,978 
1,69» 
7,145 
882 
6,205 


*ii(» 


h' 


•■   Mi'r 


840 


H.  Doc.  196. 


•^S  ; 


I  1 6 


Hs  il  f  is  if 


"2    •  ufc 


1  F^      •                  ) 

8  Ob 


II 


act 


:S 


23 


11? 


:^a. 


;s 


^a 


W     W    4J       '■   " 


842 


H.   Doc.  136. 


r,     -r     •       f  .'T^rtjt  of  foreign  cotton  manufactured. 
Specification  of  export*  oj  jor^Hi 


Domettic  nu 


$G79,701 
572,626 
1,206,502 
1,644,231 
1,105,252 
1,032,381 
964,904 
1,402,103 
751,871 
995,028 
1,746,442 
1,094,412 
1,352,286 
818,578 
308,636 
'5,156 
13,527 
111 


'838, 

574,      ^ 

502,072^ 

251,808 

278,434 

281,775 


372,877 
640,919 
434,941 
274,559 
440,441 
452,974 


1320,302 
341,371 
520,506 
608,068 
705,339 
682,407 
495,188 
406.623 
302,435 
476,171 
973,774 
782,356 
710, 193 
788,031 
ll,  193, 391 
666,871 
352,591 
246,312 
503,927 
183,468 
127,228 
110,069 
33,998 
90,381 
599 
35*,  047 
83^15 
487, 
81, 

44,724 
132,030 
401.315 


$46,311 
74,462 
46,788 
44,988 
42,222 
57,104 
57,015 
62,775 
45,937 
43,649 
33,994 
16,689 
41,360 
14,746 
12,916 
13,632 
15.943 
4.429 
4,881 
4,325 
2.455 
1,780 


20,272 
10,435 
22,943 
25,933 


•6,532, 

8,81* 

24,767 

8,474 

9,412 

34,862 

63,413 

46,736 

27.656 

58,325 

70,254 

29,026 

134,229 

66,403 

87,089 

78, 176 

86,756 

29,768 

34,082 

53,030 

198,996 

.208,193 

15,028 

24,968 

10,922 

8,482 

3,808 

40,783 

7,718 

21,033 


$874,608 
741,882 
865,518 
321,204 
443,271 
336,295 
230,448 
324,274 
397,033 
348,526 
237,330 
185,945 
112,718 
106,477 
55,201 
16,456 
24,874 
25,380 
16,246 
5,630 
4,404 


$94,870 
65.683 
38.073 
18,015 
43,723 
65,310 
144,043 
167,573 
149, 155 
48,716 
19,526 
12.328 
74,310 
11,189 
12,458 
9,176 
7,982 
12,129 
2,901 
6,550 
44,802 
15,612 
25.735 
26,742 
46,308 
63,858 
59,010 


$1,581,1431 
1,664,696.1 
2, 617,293 [ 
2,481,977 
2,404,4% 
2,226,090 
1,838,814 
2,242,739| 
l,564,940l 
1,989,464| 
3,228,e 
2,322,0 
2,504,5ie| 
2,866,e 
3,697,^ 
2,765,671 
2,683,414 
1,153,5 
1,255,2 
1,103,4 


«"•"'••■■::::::,  iSi» 


308,6 
4b4,& 
502,8 

er3,a 

486,11 

1,216,  ll 

571,r 

427,1 
677,81 


iTfin. 


Printed  and 
colored. 


Im         $68,884 
m   I        45,120 
76, 012 
145,024 
61,800 
96,931 
104,870 
421,721 
188, 61^ 
397,412 
256,625 
549,801 
252,044 
412,661 
398,977 
450,503 
385,040 
358, 415 
385,403 
516,243 
380,549 
281,320 
351,169 
466,574 
606,631 
1,006,561 
926,404- 


pn.— Previous  to  1S2 


•in»Bi>MH>^* 


Domestic  .manufactures 


$1,581,1431 
1,664,6961 
2,617,2931 
2,481,977| 
2,404,4% 
2,226,090l 
1,838,8141 
2,242,7391 
l,564,940l 
1,989,4641 
3,2S 
2,322,0 
2,504,514 
2,866,8 
3,6 
2,765,671 
2,683,411 
1,153,5 
1,255,2 
1,103,4 


306,6 
4b4,f 
502,8 
673,2 
486,11 
1,216,  ll 
571,f 
427,1 
677,9| 
991,1 


Of  cotton  e^orte^fr^  ,,,  United  States. 


84$ 


I«ri.   Printed  and         Whito 
'        '     colored. 


Iw 


168,884 
45,120 
76, 012 
145,024 
61,800 
96,931 
104,870 
421,721 
188,61^ 
397,412 
256,625 
549,801 
252,044 
412,661 
398,977 
450,503 
385,040 
358,415 
385,403 
516,243 
^549 
281,320 
351,169 
466,574 
606,631 
1,006,561 
926,404- 


1821,629 
951,001 
887,628 
981,370 
964,196 
947, 932 
1,052,891 
1.802,116 
1,756,136 
2,355,202 
1, 950, 795 
2,043,115 
3,250,130 
2,525,301 
2,925,257 
2,324,839 
2,297,964 
2,575,049 
2,298,800 
2,343,104 
1,978,331 
3,345,902 
4,866,559 
3,955,117 
3,774,407 
5,571,576 
6,139,39] 


111,135 
11,175 
12, 570 
3,849 
24,744 
17,221 
12,618 
104,335 
88,376 
97,808 
32,705 
61,702 
168,021 
17,465 
31,445 
43,503 
37,325 
57,312 
44,421 
14-,  379 
81,813 
108,132 
170,633 
92,555 
17,405 
37,260 
34,718 


*8,903 
14,750 
5,149 
1,878 
1,093 
2,397 
341 
2,054 
1,061 
400 
637 
1,815 
6,017 
1,492 
1,200 


1, 174, 038 

848,989 
8,794 
2,365 
3,203 


1227,574 
137,368 
28,873 
127,336 
266,350 
61,838 
58,854« 
202,291 
51,802 
7,859 
14,912 
175, 040 
88,543 
18, 114 
192,728 
303, 701 
250,301 
232,774 
170, 156' 
280,164 
255,799 
338,375 
327,479 
415,680 
335,981 
625,808 
571',  638 


II,  138, 125. 
1,159,414 
1,010,23a 
1,259,457 
1,318,18a 
l,126,3ia 
1,229,574 
-2,532,517 
2,085,994 
2,858,681' 
P  2, 255, 734 
2,831,47a 
3,758,755 
2,975,^3a 
?,  549, 607 
3,122,546 
2,970,690 
3,223,550 
2,898,870 
4,327,028^ 
3,545,481 
4,082,52a 
5,718,205 
4, 933, 129 
4,734,424 
7,241,205 
7,672,151 


Nine  rnoDths. 
p-Previou.  to  1«J3  the  p„bli.hed  Treaauiy 


.,  (I 


8Wt<m3n;8  do  not  specify  thew 


exportaaa   ' 


wi'( , « 


4 


'^44 


H.  Doc.  136. 

Values  of  certain  domstic  producU  crported',and  total  take 


1821 
1822 
1823 
1824 
1825 
1826 
1827 


1830 

1831 

1832 

1833 

1834 

183B 

1836 

1837 

1838 

1839 

1840 

1841 

1842 

1843* 

1844 

1845 

1846 

1847 

1848 

1849 

1850 

1851 


$20,157,484 
24,035,058 
20,445,520 
21,947,401 
36,846,649 
25,025,214 
29,369,545 
22,487,229 
26,575,311 
.29,674,883 
25,289,492 
^31,724,682 
•^,191,105 
49,448,402 
64,961,302 
71,284,925 
63,240,102 
61,556,811 
61,238,982 
63,870,307 
54,330,341 
47,593,464 
49,119,806 
54,063,501 
51,739,643 
42,767,341 
53,415,848 
61,998,294 
66,396,967 
71,984,616 
112,315,317 
87,965,732 


$5,648,962 
6,222,838 
6,282,672 
4,855,5^6 
6,115,823 
_5,347,^p8 
6,816,146 
5,480,707 
5,185,370 
5,833,112 
4,892,388 
5,999,769 
5,755,968 
6,595,305 
8,250,577 
10,068,640 
5,795,647 
7,392,029 
9,832,943 
9,883,957 
12,576,703 
9,540,755 
4,650,W9 
8,397,255 
7,469,819 
8,478,270 
7,242,086 
7,551,122 
5,804,207 
9,951,023 
9,219,251 
10,031,282 


$1,494,307 
1,563,482 
1,820,985 
1,882,982 
1,925,245 
1,917,445 
2,343,908 
2,620,696 
2,514,370 
1,986,824 
2,016,267 
2,152,361 
2,774,418 
2,122,292 
2,210,331 
2;  548, 750 
2, 30?,  279 
1,721,819 
2,460,198 
1,9454,076 
2,010,107 
1,907,387 
J,625,726 
2,182,468 
2,160,466 
2,664,991 
3,605,896 
2,331,824 
2,569,362 
2,631,557 
2,170,937 
2,471,079 


Pork,  hoM, 
lard.  Sit. 


$4,298,043 
5,103,280 
4,962,373 
5,759,176 
4,212,127 
4,121,466 
4,434,881 
4,283,669 
5,000,023 
6,132,129 
10,461,728 
4,974,121 
5,642,602 
4,560,379 
4,394,777 
3,572,699- 
2,987,269 
3,603,299 
6,925,170 
10,143,615 
7,759,646 
7,375,356 
3,763,075* 
6,759,488 
5,398,593 
11,668,669 
26,133,811 
13,194,109 
11,280,582 
7,098,570 
10,524,331 
11,869  143 


Beef,  cattle, 
hides,  &o.  i 


$1,'354,116 
1, 357, 899 
1,291,32a 
1,489,051 
1,832,67!> 
1,892,429 
1,555,698 
1,495,830! 
1,493,6291 
1,315,246 
1,601,644 
1,928, 196  i 
2,151,588 
1,796,001 
1,776,732 
1,383,344 
1,299,796 
1,312,346 
1,777,230 
1,894,894 
2,621,537 
3,629,403 
2,120,020 
3,236,479 
2,5)91,284 
3,883,884 
6,630,842 
9,003,272 
9,245,885 
7,550,287 
4,368,015 
3,765,470 


$698,323 
844,534 
739,461 
707,299 
930,465 
733,430 
772,636 
719,961 
674,955 
717,683 
829,982 
T74,0« 
955,076 
755,219 
638,761 
699,166 
585,146 
528,231 
371,616 
683,373 
'    904,918 
1,212,638 
1,092,919 
i,850,K;i 
1,926, 81)9 
2,474,21)8 
2,434,(^1 
1,905,341 
2,058,568 
1,605, 608| 
1,689,9581 
1,500,4' 


of  domestic  proi 


Butter  and 


♦190,287 
221,041 
192,778 
204,205 
247,787 
207,765 
184,049 
176,354 
176,205 
142, 370 

1264,796 

1290,820 
258,452 
190,099 
164,609 

lk033 
96,176 

148,191 

1271550 

5H»,1749 

504,815 


508, 

756, 

878, 
1,063,087 
11,741,770 
1 1,361, 668 
11,654,157 
11,215,463 
11,124,652 

779,391 


Nine  montlu. 


^ 


H.  Doc.  IBs. 


i  total  taht 


Beef,  cattle, ' 
hides,  &c.  i 


$698,323 
844,534 
739,461 
707,299 
930, 4te 
733,430 
772,636 
719,961 
674,955 
717,683 
829,982 
774,087 
955,076 
755,219 
638,761 
699,166 
585,1461 
538,231 
.      371,616 
623,3731 
\    904,9181 
l,212,63j| 
1,092, 919 1 
1,850,5511 
ll926,e!«l 

2;474,a»l 

2,434,(«l 
1,905,3411 

2,058,9581 
1,605,6«| 
l,6f " 
1,500,47! 


of  dmctic  products  exp^ed,  indudh 


Butter  and 
thecK. 


'»g  fmilion  and  specie. 


Bkim  and 
furg. 


$190,287 
231,041 
192,778 
204,205 
247,787 
207,765 
184,049 
176,354 
176,205 
I  142, 370 
12M,796 
0,820 
8,452 
190,099 


185 


11,361,668 
1,634,157 

1 1,215, 463 

1,124,652 

779,391 


$766,205 
501,302 
672, 917 
661,455 
524,692 
582,473 
441,690 
626,235 
526,507 
641,760 
750,938 
691,909 
841,933 
797,844 
759,953 
653  662 
651,908 
636,945 
732,087 
1,237,789 
993,262 
598,487 
453,869 
742, 196 
1,248,355 
1,063,009 
747, 145 
607,780 
656,228  I 
852,466 
977,762 
798,504 


Fish. 


$f>73,59l 
»15,838 
1,004,800 
1.136,704 
1.078,773 
924,922 
987,447 
1,066,603 
968,068 
756,677 
929,834 
1,05(J,721 
990,290 
863,674 
1,008,534 
967,890 
769,840 
819,003 
850,538 
720,164 
751,783 
730,106 
497,217 
897,015 
1,012,007 
930,054 
795,850 
718,797 
512, 177 
456,804 
481,661 
453, 010 


Lumber.       Manufacti 


area. 


Jl,  512, 808 
1.307,670 
1,;«5,600 
1,734,586 
1.717,571 
2,-01 1,694 
1,697,170 
1.821,906 
•1.680,403 
1.836,014 
1,964,1<)5 
2,096,707 
2,569,493 
2,435,314 
3, 323, 057 
2, 860, 691 
•%  155,  990 
3, 166, 196 
3,604,399 
2,926,846 
3,576,805 
3,230,003  I 
1,087,809 
3.011,968 
3,099,455 
3,685,-276 
3,80r,241 
5,069,877 
3,718,033 
4,751,538 
5,055,778 
5,246,797  , 


$2, 752, 631 
3,121,030 
3,139,598 
4,841,383 
5,729,797 
5,495,130 
5, 536, 651 
5,548,354 
5,412,320 
5, 320, 980 
5,086,890 
5, 050, 633 
6, 557, 080 
6,247,893 
7,694,073 
6,107,528 
7, 136, 997 
8,397,078 
8, 325, 082 
9,  873, 462 
9,  953, 020 
8,410,694 
6,779,527 
9,579,724 
10,329,701 
10, 525, 064 
10,351,364 
12,786,732 
11,249,877 
15,196,451 
18,136,967 
18,042,930 


845* 


Total  domoBtJc 
export*. 


143, 671,  ( 
49. 874,  ( 
47,155,^ 
53, 649,  < 
66,944,: 
53,056,: 
58,921,4 
50,668,4 
55,700,] 
59,462,4 
61, 277, ( 
63,137,^ 
70,317,4 
81,024,] 
101, 189,  ( 
106, 916,  ( 
95,564,- 
96,033,1 
103, 533.  f 
113, 895,  ( 
m,382,; 
92,969,! 
77",  703,; 
99,715,1 
99,299,; 
102, 141, « 
150, 637,  i 
132,904.] 
132, 666,  { 
136, 946, 1 
196,689,; 
1J«,368,! 


1^^ 


l*U 


r- 


846 


H.*lipc.   186. 

\^oreign  cotton  manufacturet  imported, 


Years. 


1831..-. 

isaa..-. 

1823.... 

1824... 

1825t.. 

1886... 

1827... 

1828... 

1829... 

1830... 

1831... 

1832... 

1833... 

1834... 

1835... 

1830... 

1837... 

1838... 

1839... 

1840.. 
*  1841.. 

1842- . 

1843*. 

1844.. 

1845.. 

1846.. 

1847.. 

1848,. 

1849.. 

1850.. 

-^8517. 

1852.. 


Dyed  and  colored. 


14,366,407 
6,856,763 
4,899,499 
5,776,210 
7,709,830 
5,056,725 
5,316,546 
6,133,844 
4,404,078 
4,356,675 
10,046,500 
6, 355, 475 
5,181,647 
6,668,82:i 
10,610,722' 
12,192,980 
7,087,270 
4,217,551 
9,216,000 
3,893,694 
7,434,727 
6,168,544 
1,739,318 
8,894,219 
8,572,546 
'8,755,392 
10,023,418 
12,490,501 
10,286,894 
13,640,291 
—^14,449*431 
11,553,306 


— ^^^  t 

Whi«.  Hosiery,  mlts,  Ac. 


$2,511,405 
2,951,627 
2,636,813 
2,354,540 
3,326,208 
2,260,024 
•2,584,994 
2,451,316 
,  2,242,805 
2<487,804 
4,285,175 
2,258,672 
1,181,512 
1,766,482 
2,738,493 
2,766,787 
1,611,398 
980, 142 
2,154,931 
917, 101 
1,573,505 
1,2K>,894 
393,105 
1,670,769 
1,823,451 
1,597,120 
2,630,979 
2,487,256 
1,438,635 
1,773,302 
1,499,044 
2,477,486 


Twist,  yam,  ana 
tbroad. 


$198,783 

$151,  !»< 

433,309 

"181,84;i 

314,606 

103,25!t 

387,514 

.  140,  Oft) 

545,915 

201,549 

404,870 

175,143 

439,773 

26:1,772 

640,360 

344,  MO 

586,997 

173,  m 

387,454 

'     172, 7Ki 

887,957 

393.411 

1,035,513 

316,  m 

623, 369 

343,(l5!t 

749,356 

379,71):! 

906,369 

P          544,473 

1,358,608 

555,^1 

1,267,267 

404,  tm 

767, 856 

22-2,111 

1,879,783 

779,  (Wl 

792,078 

:i87,«l5 

980,639 

86:t,i;«i 

l,0i?7,621' 

457,917 

30te,243 
1,121,460 

26,227 
637,  (Ki6 

1,326,631 

566,709 

1,308,202 

656,571 

1,173,824 

511,136 

1,383,871 

727,422 

1,315,783 

m^ 

1,558,173 

799;  156 

9  117  ftflft 

,_       98Q,l3i 

2,158,340 

887,  Stt 

China  nonkeena 


*  Nine  months. 


Previous  to  1821  these  returns  are  not  fuUy  specified  in  detail. 


ij  \ 


.turet  imported,] 


Twirt,  yarn,  uid 
thread. 


H.   Doc.  136. 

end  the  total  exported,  amumed,  ^. 


847 


CadMUMkeeM.     All  other,  vel  W77  I  ' 

m..  &c '^'"  P«»«""'P«rted.     Total  exports. 


$151,  ISs  'H     .       4^, 

load)  H  823,365 

..i4o,nSlB  ^'^"0 

201  .yi)  H  188,63:$ 

^*'«''  I  38^'S} 

173  m  ■  '  ''•" 

mjrt  ■  542,179 

393,4U  I  ^'^B 

SwB  ^'^•^ 

.170' rn  ^1  37,001 

Ml    ■  ^'•^•337 

404,  M  ■  r?'2^ 

22-2,  in  ■  ^'?^ 

7*9,IJ04H  -".MO 

3w|o!i5^B  3,772 

sciiiioB  ^'l^ 

457,91:  ■       ,  217 

26,22?^  **•' 
637.0(16 
566,71)9 
656,571 

511,13S^-V 
727,122 
770,J9 
799,l,i6^ 


#48,  791 
375, 771 
146,29!? 
454, 847 
1,038,479 
412,838 
229,375 
363,102 
313,242 
293,861 
533,  390 
558,507 
974,074 
744,  313 
384,618 
874,  691 
513,414 
.  904,8*8 
C3«,486 
492,  903 
.1,318,024 
■  1,574,885 
1,213,340 
863,518 
1,332,539 
1,943,020 
2,337,797 
3,117,239 
2,053,981 


>7,  589, 711 
10,246,907 
8,554,877 
8,8!)5,757 
'2,509,516 
8, 348, 0-M 
9,  316,  153 
10,996,270 
8,362,017. 
7,862,326 
Ifi,  OIK),  224 
10,399,653 
7, 660,  449 
10, 145, 181 
,  15,367,585 
17,876,087 
11,150,841 
6.5!)9,3;»0 
14,908,181 
fi,  504,  484 
'l,7rf,036 
9,  57^,  .^15 
2,958,796 
13,641,478 
13,863,282 
13,350,625 
15,192,875 
18,421,589 
15,754.841 
20, 108, 719 
22,164,442 
19,689,496 


11,581,143 
1,664,696 
2. 617, 293 
'2,M81,977 
2, 404, 455 
2, 226, 090 
l,a'18,814 
2,242,739 
1,564,940 
l,m464 
3,  328,  858 
2,  322,  087 
2,  504, 518 
2,B66,854 
3,697,837 
2,  765, 676 
2,683,418 
1,153,506 
1,255,265 
1,103,489 
929,056 
836,892 
308,616 
404,648 
502,553 
673, 203 
486,135 
1,216,172 
571,  (W2 
427,107 
677,940 
991,784 


cified  in  detail. 


I  Conmimed  In  the 
United  <StBte». 


16, 008,56ft 
8,582,2U 
5/^37,584 
6,413,780 
10,105,061 
6,121,944 
7,477,339 
8,753,531 
6,797,077 
5, 872, 862 
12,861,366 
8,077,566 
5, 155, 931 
7,278,327 
11,669,748 
15,110,411 
8,467,423 
5,445,824 
13,652,916 
5, 400,  995 
10,827,980   , 
8,741,623    ■ 
2, 650, 180 
13,236,830 
13,360,729 
'     12,677,422 
14,706,740 

„J7,2Q5,417 

15,183,759 
19,681,612 
21,486,502 
18,697,712 


"•II 


■^ 


m 


848  H.   Doc.  186. 

"    BuUwn  and  tpeck  mportcd  into  and  exjmtedfrom  thi  mited  mu*. 


Yean  ending— 


Septeiid>«r  30 


,  rmported. 


.18?! 
]8S» 
1«23 
1«M 

IHsiT) 

IHifi 

1H27 

1H28 

1829 

1830 

1831 

1832 

-18;i3 

1834 

1835 

.1836 

1837 

1838 

1839 

1840 


1»4U  ■  f. 


9  months  to  Jutie  30,  1843 

Yeat  to  June  30 1844 

1845 
1846_ 
1847 
1848 
'  1849 
1850 
1851 
1852 


Total. 


Exported. 


18,064,890 
3, 309, 846 
5,097,896 
8,  \n<d,  835 
6,150,765 
0,880,966 

8,15Jvi:W 
7,489,741 
7,403,612 
8, 155, 964 
7,305,945 
5,907,504 
7,070,368 
17,911,632 
13,131,447 
13;  4(H);  881 
10,516,414 
17,747,116 
5,595,176 
,    8,882,813 
^'    4,!W8i633 
4,087,016 
22,:J20;335 
5,830,429 
4,070,242 
3,777,732 
24,121,285) 
6,360,224 
6,651,240 
,     4,628,792. 
5,453,96)/ 
5i  1)03,544 


274',  407, 39)? 


110,478,059 
10,810,180 
6,372,987 
7,014,552 
8,797,055- 
4,704,.533 
8,014,880 
8,243,476 
4,i)24^,020 
2, 178, 773 
9,014,931 
5,(>56,340 
2,611,701 
2,076,758 
6,477,775 
4, 324,  :J36 
5,976,249 
3, 508, 046 
8,776,743 
8,417,014 
10, 034, 332 
4,813,539 
1,520,79 
5,454,214 
8,60095 
3,905,26» 
1/K)7,739 
,841^620 
5,404,648 
7,522,994 
.29,465,752 
>2, 674, 135 


?51,164 
4,458,667 

15,834,874 
6,653,67'f 
9, 076, 545 
4,540465 

14,239,070 


20, 799, 544 
376,215 


22,213,550 
"1^2461592 


265,529,935/     112,290,606 


The  total  difference  l«/l«^    i«  j^;877  463 
Pridi-  to  1851,  the  same  difference  wa»  f70,0oJrWw 


'¥:-. 


;i,Hi."jcr 


5, 04:),  ml 

726,  Ki  I 


4,53fi,'2Jl| 

la,:* 


'J,48i,;» 


2,  m,ii 

34,011,771 

37,170,r)9i 


103,413,11] 


rtation  over  eiponatii 


|"lthe  Alleghan 


1.^-' 


Il^ 

/ 

1* 

^'                                        ■* 

1 

W/ 

^ 

f 

rj..,:*- 

« 

, 

■ 

■■ 

f 

/ 

rfu — 

\     ' 

' 

\ 

' 

* 

' 

• 

- 

1 

« 

,         \  ■ 

f 

..     '.^i'  ;.;^ 

';t,Hi,.v;rH  quota 


It  iiMbee>  thought  proper  fnn.  «»  Oitik,. 

general  8ti»t..,n(.nts  illuL-anx^.^".PT*'  ""  '"''cord,  under  this  I..-W      r 

•N^'  ™iuo  of  ^c"  LS'  ,;r, "  i'™!-^ '-;» ™  ir  o^fr" 

Jevfiral  ^wts  it  l,^a  i     '1-   "  ,  '"''"Jtl  or  domestic  i-    i         '"/'UeuJale 
1..ola  from  ll„.  ImcrL    r  °'""'  ■"«'  '■^ow.(>,i'  ,,""';'"?'•  ,     - 

»h  that  rclnn  1,:.,  '  ":  '  '""''  "i"ural  an,l  ^„n;...v^"°'"*-     ^''«  ,» 


ttith  that  reffion  Iv.n.r  '"'''  "'''"i^l  and  arfifi.-i^.i        "-     ^''*«  '« 

«„ieattorol>  ii;tt  :::j-;f .il'^'^hany  r;  ;;^^^^^ 

iryhas  been  cliicllv  ;.',<  '^''•'"tie  cities  will,  ,|V-*?'     "" 

f  -".he  iH.n";h"t',::;  '^f  C't  ;"''"'-y^  -a -i^airri::? 
l.d  Baitimere  a"    L ,      '""•     "'"  '■"^ign  ej^r"  oV  P  ,"i  T"]'.'" 

[.;^prod„ei„,:^f::r;e  tb^p^'S'^,?  *Sctr^^^^^^^^^^^^ 

[.T.    r         "'^p'^>  With  resppcf  tn  n^*. ""t-xes.     i he  samp  mnv 

fWrtrfrefir^avannar  BouS 


4.: 


•■■I  I  ,« 


in- 


m 


■  i"  Kb 


.;    <<• 


^50 


H.  Doc.   136. 


.f  heavy  d.^ght.an  I-^^^ -^ ^  :|;^^X:^^  A^=« 
southern  cil  es  import  If^^y/^^f"^^^^^^^^^^  ^oastwue  would  show  a 

.fairly  exhibiting  the  movement  ?*  mf^^^ana^^^  ^^^^^  ^^ 

.domestic  importation  »"^«  ^^,\,^"f  ^thST  exV>rt  "^^^  While  a 

,.atio  than  t^.  YreSn  of^^^^^^  St.^es  is  exported  Iron. 

greater  portion  ot  tne  couuii  u  rntnms  either  in  money  or  mer- 

Seir  ox^^i  portrdirect  y  to  Europe  the  retur^^^^^ 

chandise,  are  received  P^^^Pf  yf^^.e  ^  of  that  city/ 

satisfactorily  the  excess  "^Xrieston    and  Savannah  maintin  their 
The  cities  ot   fif'^^r'*"'?  •  ,   'S  and  Mobik 

.  communications  with  the  f  !;"f,F"^"&%Ue  the  northern  citb, 
by  the  Mobile  river  and  its  t"butanes      1  h^^Mike  t  ^^^  ^^^^ 

a?e  pushing  hnes  of  railway  into  the  heart  o^  the  u.    J      ^^  ^^^ 
^hi?h  are  to  follow  f  cXTarale  co^^^  -hether  tb. . 

""'  ^::olSStX^t  Sarkable  changes  in  the  direct.. 
routes  aic  not  ^''^^"'''^''"^.'    ,,•  ,u   „„  to  the  present  time,  has  ot  iinc-i 

-  of  our  interior  commerce,  ^^»"7' "P  1''^. "  ^^Papparent  monopoly  av1,„ 
si,y  been  confmed  to  lew;  ^"f ^1^^ Jj^/^  ^^  J^^^^  become,  whin  co,n 

hai  been  ^^J;:^^^^^^^^  necessity,  the  co.., 
mierce  shall  be  libcrdtf.a  nom  u  question  as  to  the  i.mo,| 

property  of  nil.     In  any  7^"  V^/^f ^j^Hiave  upc  n  the  business  of, 
iffi^ct  which  the  ^vorks  referred    o^^  111  have^P  ^^ 

ports  where  they  termmate.   ^»>;"P^^"^"f,S  ™^'.  .rea  must  bo  lar, 

b^  Sr^SS'tilf  nr  X  i^low  these  rail.a. 

,/  a  market  or  place  of  shipment.  / 

Si.        1  „  n.«  fin«  river  of  the  Hanio  name,  wliich  diiiJ 
NoT«.-The  city  of  Sayjmnah  h«  a«.  th^^^^^^^^^  2.)0  miles  we«twurdly;»j 

Georgia  from  South  ^''^^''"f;  "''^rs  Arf'^'y^^'*  ^^""P"''  ''*'''*'  *"■"  *"'•     "'■ 
Charleston  has  tnbutarj'  to  it   he  "J^^J^J'^^,!^,.    The  latter  of  tbeso  rivers  is  cunw 

r;rairwK'^sSvr&s^^^^^  ^  ^^^'  ^"'^^"l 

to  Columbia.       ,  / 


*'    !     ■ 


' 

« 

\ 

' 

\ 

v. 

■)       1 

- 

.1 

1 

at  the  city.  Thesp 
ires.  A  statement 
wm  would  show  a 
ng  a  much  neiircr 
t  trade.  While  a 
}  is  exported  from 
;r  in  money  or  mci  - 
k — which  explains 

of  that  city, 
inah  maintain  their  j 
ihvay;  and  Mobile 
:  the  northern  citie?,  I 
luntry.     The  results 
;  remain  to  ho  seen:! 
itlon  whetlicr  tlii>«j 
iorp9  in  the  direttioitj 
t  time,  has  of  neeo- 
ent  monopoly  wlnelJ 

hecome,  when  comJ 
cessily,  the  cominoij 
lestion  as  to  the  iim\ 
1  the  business  of 
et  to  extensive?  trartj 
area  must  bo  larml 
low  these  railways 


I  name  name,  wliifh  diiii'| 
200  miles  westwiirdly ;  a 
lich  are  both  cHparioiis,  i 
r  of  tbeso  rivers  is  conwn 
1  \&  opened  from  CiwrlfiH 


■  P  lO  -<  ( 


H.   Doc.  136, 


S  a»  »  tr  .: 


^  -'  ^  ^  ..  c,  ^  ^'S  15  5i  «  ?f  g~5  ^-(j  «- 


o-«---.--2-3.-:2.?.- '-/^  s  ^  6?  J!  3  ?? 

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'"'  "^  sj  F-»  i-  l2  ^^  "i^  *^*  ic  X  .-^  -^r  *- 


;  ^  s!  3c  w 


$5§5SS 


§  S  S  2  :? 


§30!^! 


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■»  *  3s  w  ao-oTo" 


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CO 


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H.   Doc.   1»6. 


I 


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S 1 1  §  -  5  S  S  S  S  §  S  ^_2 

^^ .^  ^^ —T  >S A^  ^  ^  cf£^  ^>  iSi  ^  ^  ^ 


3S8S8§ 


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.-   .-— r_^— r.^.^-./^" « /^f  ec  e<5  «'aD  ift  >n  t 


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CO  •-  55  «>®  • 
S        *  oS  S  ( 


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i  f  §  i  5  S  gi  i  i  i  S  S.i  PJ.s 


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1 


iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii 


ssi 


•^•^i 


B 


is 


Si 


■Statement 
Chai 


Year 


Sept.  30, 183- 

183; 

183< 
183: 

last 

mas 

1840 
1841 
1842 
1843 
1844 
1845, 
1846, 

1847. 

1848. 

1849. 

1850. 

1851. 


It  is  a  ma 
of  the  trade 
not  received 


H.  Doc.  136. 


-5to/««««  .,«i;,i„^  ,A«  value  of  ernort.  from       ,' 

Ckarl^u..  annually, froA,r::&T,,  ^Sl^^tl-"  '^ 


Years  ending- 


Value  of  exports. 


Sept.  30, 1834 ,  *„  „„ 

1836        '  "'224,^98 

S ,  ^3,482,757 

1838 1  "'135,623 

ia39 1  ".007,441 

1841  1      9.9-<)6,]63 

1842 7,970,899 

1843.":::: Vtiv^^^ 

1844         7,7a3,780 

1845:::::::::::;-   g-Bji^ 

1846 •■        r'1£'^'^ 

1847  1       ''.804,313 

im • !     10-388,915 

1849 1      8,027,485 

i85o:::::: i  iM'!.-^"^ 

1851         1     ".419,290 

^ i     ir.,301,648 


Total. 


$88, 213 

113,718 

201,619 

81,169 

24,679 

fi6, 604 

55, 753 

31,892 

17,  324 

C,  657 

3,697 

5, 878 

18, 942 

3,371 


1,301 
908 


$11,207,778 
11,338,016 
13,684,;>76 
11,216,792 
11,032,120" 
10,367,731 
10,011,916 
8,002,791 
7,494,664 
7,740,437 
7,396,831 
8, 862, 349 
6,823,255 

10,392,286 
8,027,485 
9, 673,  907 

11-420,198 

15,301,648 


Value  of  im- 
ports. 


$1,787,267 
1,891,805 
2,801,211 
-   2,510,860 
2,318,791 
3,084,328 
2,058,561 
1, 553, 713 
1,357,617 
1,294,389 
1, 131, 127 
1,142,818 
902,427 
1, 588, 750 
1,481,236 
1,475,6{» 
1,933,785 
2,081,312 


It  is  a  matter  of.  m-eat  rnrrrpt  .1    .  .i  " 

of  the  trade  and  commerce  o    the  , buri'l? ^'''''""  ^"'^  ''""  statements 
not  received  m  time  for  this  report.    "°""^^^""g  ^'^y  '^^  Savannah  was 


w 

('■1 


,^;- 


854 


H.   Doc.  136. 


to  t/t£  30//t  of  June,  1S5^>,  inclusive.  „ 


Years. 


Boston. 


1835 

1836 

1837 

1838 

1839 

1840 

1841 

1842 

1843 

1844 

1845 

1846 

1847 

1848 

1849 

1850 

1851 

1852 


$2, 012,486  10 
2,2;W',041  22  I 
],32H,8§3  67 
2, 231),  554  07 
2, 1G2, 055  37 
1,820,173  9.S 
2,307,84*^  OH 
2, 78!),  798  72 

1.311.225  52 
4,411,372  30 
4,070,157  45 
4,844,129  75 

4.098.226  24 
5,033,772  II 
4, 380,  :}40  H) 
0,177,970  04 
6,520,973  85 
6, 250,  .588  68 


New  York. 


$11,597,406  90 
13,424,717  87 
6,679,756  05 
8,941.208  80 
14,475,!)95  91 
,    7, 167, 908  53 
8,418,588  60 
11,273,499  91 
4,072,296  44 
16,7!)2,679  41 
17,2.55,308  GO 
16, 975, 972  34 
i     15,52.1,014  27 
:     20, 128, 726  89 
'     18,377,814  24 
:     24,952,977  02 
i     31,7.54,964  26 
i    28,772,558  75 


Philadelphia. 


$2,159,111  30 
2,6:^,796  28 
1,162,010  00 
1,882,013  06 
2,  -.m,  384  71 
1,553,373  07 
1,307,2.59  08 
1,059,125  67 
5.59, 049  65 
2,255,800  77 
2,36],:525  72 
2,136,754  70 
1,978,430  99 
2,979,931  31 
2,329,553  66 
3, 122, 660  40 
3,783,787  32 
3,715,126  21 


Baltimore. 


1666, 9;?7  f>l 

1,127,989  62 

704, 247  62 

1,111,741  85 

1,16(5,548  64 

700, 315  88 

616, 025  72 

610,880  21 

228,  :{(i7  41 

603, 574  05 

696, 724  61 

674, 548  22 

600,497  34 

771,708  06 

649, 402  42 

l,004,!Mil  :s 

1,047,278  67 

1,0<)3,530  75 


V 


k, .  •  ■•  ^  .  > 


# 


s:rd[5r. 


.  'P 


...  jfet 


H.   Doc 


lies  collected  at 
ore,  from  1835  ♦ 


Baltimore. 


$666,9;?7  61 

1,127,989  62 

704,247  62 

1,111,741  85 

l,16(5,r.4tJ64 

700, 315  88 

616,025  72 

610, 8H0  21 

228,  \Mu  41 

6l«,574  65 

696,724  61 

674,548  22 

600, 41)7  34 

771,708  06 

049,402  42 

l,004,!Hn  32 

1,047,278  67 

1,  Wis,  530  75 


.5 
u 


c^l36. 


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H.   Doc.  136. 


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StatemetU  exi 


Rtatoa. 


Ikino 

New  Ilatnpshiro 

Verpiont 

)lMiia(itiu8ett«.. 

Bboile  Ixland 

Connecticut 

Now  York 

New  Jersey 

PeiunylvBiiia 

Delawari< 

)ll&Ty]and 

Di»triet(ifColuml 

Virgiiiin 

Xortli  Ciuiiliifii . . 
South  Cnroliiut  . . 

Georgia 

Ploridu  -•. 

Alubuiiii\ 

I  MisaiKiiippi.J 

LoaJHiuatt 

TexBD :.., 

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Kentucky 

Miiwotiii ' 

rUinniii 

Ohio 

MiKliigaii 

Wisconsin 

Orepiin 

I'ttlitiimia 

Total 


H.  Doc.  186. 


StatemeHt  exhibitinar  the  amnunt  /./•  #^  ,  , 


««8 


'.%•>»»  is,7;ts,.s,::."'"  ,''"""'  ^""- 


BUto*. 


1 


lltioo 

Hew  Hainpihiro  . . . 

Verpiont _ 

MuiatrhiiaetU... 

Bkmie  Islftnd 

Connectiout . 

New  York " 

New  Jenipy , . 

PeuDsylvaiiia 

Delaware 

liATylaud ^ 

DiatrictofColumbiu 

Virginia 

Xortli  Ciiiuli;la 

Suiitli  Caroljiiit 

Georgia 

Florida.'.   -. 

Alabaiiiil 

MisstKiiippi.  J 

Louisiautt 

Texas :.....' 

Tenncssoo 

Kentucky 

MioHtiiiii 

niinoin 

Ohio 

MiclligBH 

Wisciinsin 

Orepon 

I'ltlitiimia 


'''•"«' 1,382,105    1, 


Toni. 

276,  K-,!) 

iiO,7!M 

l,ir)ii 

490,  :tH<> 
4!t,  :H5 

70,  ar.!) 

434,  ;ft>5 
50,.-,|;j 

104,  r.  ti» 

I7,04() 

io:i,:tr,;{ 

17,451 

4!>,  :ii  I 
4:1,71.', 

17,4fJ-^ 

ll.Vfirf 

;{,ii77 

0,(ii;'j 

«i, 71 i " 
:j,  :!77' 

1,714 
3,WiSJ! 

16.' 586" 

ti,8o4 


1H:!7. 


Tont. 

251  ;-:,<;!) 

25,114 
1,152 

490,  450 

45,  (i5J 

76,  ;{07 

445,  149 

57,381 

W,  394 

18,049 

109,  484 

16,  Wl 

43,  444 

31,!>:-,J 

23,  (i:!7 

15,  I!>6 

7,315 

10,321) 

92, 376' 

5,  loi" 
1,714 

3,6(i9 

19,' 373' 
7,826 


,896,686 


i8;w. 


Tons. 

270,  ijlio 

26, I4M 

4,5450 

4!X»,  399 
44,477 
80,8i:{ 

444,  007 

m,  121 

102,427 
16,772 
104,512 
19,300 
46, 053 
36, 202 
2!),  684 
19,  552 
8,574 
16, 107 

J04,"42« 

5,48i' 

.7,7:m 

9,373 

24,  iiiV 

9,  848 


t,  995, 638 


1839. 


Tons. 

282,286 

29,224 

4,2:« 

506, 375 
44,573 
82,914 

468,411 
6S,541 

112,a59 
n\  303 

116,205 
•  23, 142 

51, -987 

40, 901 

31,4^.4 

20,  99;-{ 
9, 673 

21,742 

i(V),'o76' 

4,241' 

8, 126 
9,735 

23,926 
11,000 


2,094,379   8,180,761 


1840. 


Tons. 

308,  06a 
27,370 
4,342 
r>30, 532 
43,  425 
86, 948 
455,419 
71,916 
119,:!|3 
19,772 
120,  m 
21,435 
54, 251 
42, 554 
..  -33, 666 
2>,  180 
JO,  451 
17, 244 

126,"  613" 

4,733" 

1,592 

11,259 

26,442' 
11,902 


1841. 


Tons. 
306,291 

25, 708 

4, 343 

545, 901 

48,084 

65,279 
486,654 

53,604 
118,968 

10, 056 
113,767 
16,349 
45, 359 
28,547 
24, 394 
16, 147 

5,994 

15,715 

901 

145, 799 

3, 522 
8,360 
11,370    , 

25,iii 

11,520, 


2,130,743 


M 


|l  - 


i?-^       M- 


'   i 


•^ 


A    iJ:;;,;^:;..:, 


ti 


f^ 


864 


Stetes. 


Maine 

New  Hampshire... 

Vermont 

MasBachuBOtts 

Bhode  Island 

*  Connecticut 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia . . 

Yirguiia 

North  Carolina 

Soudi  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida..., 

Alabama 

MiBsisBippi 

Louisiana 

Texas 

Tennessee • 

Kentucky ■ 

Missouri ' 

Illinois 

OWo 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

Oregon 

Calitbmia 


Total. 


H   Doc.  186. 

STATEMENT^Continued. 


1842. 


Ton*. 

281,330 

23,922 

4,343 

494,895 
47,243 
67,749 

516,296 
60,742 

113,479 
10,396 

106,856 
17,711 
47,537 
31,682 
23,469 
16,536 
8,288 
15, 479 


1843. 


144, 129 


3,811 

4,619 

14,727 


Tons. 

285,381 

28!,  709 
2,763 

495, 303 
45,626 
70,278 

557,026 
63,379 

112,050 
10,321 

109, 019 
19,527 
47,203 
37,189 
21,577 
17,400 
10, 046 
16,095 


1844. 


1845. 


150,067 


24,830 
12,323 


4,813 

5.093 

13,589 


2,093,392 


29,458 
12,690 


Tons. 

305,331 

22,925 

2,763 

501,208 
48,172 
82,174 

591,297 
68,684 

128,341 
10,912 

111,339 

19,538 

47,255 

37,039 

21, 148 

17, 105 

9,577 

15,2Wk/ 

1,34* 

161,763 


T 

Tons. 
320,060 
23,771 
2,319 
524,995 
47,209 
91,568 
625,875 
69,970 
147,812 
11,935 
118,164 
20,617 
50,705 
39,862 
19,615 
16, 140 
11,355 
17,910 
1,055 
170,525 


1846. 


5,667 

7,114 

16,61^ 


2,168,602 


•32,115 
15,400 


2,809 

8,751 

18,906 


Tons. 
358,123 
20,708 
2,048 
541,520 
49,438 
99,023 
655,696 
76,016 
148,058 
11,837 
128,453 
22,355 
53,541 
41,225 
19,936 
18,  111 
11,866 
22,537 
1,055 
181,258 


35,297 
19,776 


2, 280,  ops 


2,809 

8,172 

22,426 


39,917 
25,953 


2,417,001 


2,562,081 


1847. 


Toiu. 

384, 3M 

20,426 
2,S«0 

568,520 
48,010 

102,890 

737,025 
83,728 

182,997 
14,662 

139,123 
23,458 
59,9fi 
37y932j 
27,  ( 
21,0211 
12,56;i 
18,431 
392 

213,539 
2,48i* 
2,70; 
10,  %g 
31,63S 
3,952 
50,781 
28,454 


2,829,M5| 

• 


» 


1846. 

1847. 

Tons. 

Ton$. 

158,123 

384,353 

20,708 

20, 420 

2,048 

2,560 

>41,520 

568,520 

49,438 

48,010 

99,023 

108,890 

555,696 

737,ft!5 

76,016 

83,728 

148,058 

182,997 

11,837 

14,682 

128,453 

139,  m 

22,355 

23,458 

53,541 

59,9iff 

41,225 

37»9K 

19,936 

27,019 

18,111 

21,024 

11,866 

12,5611 

22,537 

18,431 

1,055 

m 

181,258 

213,539 

...; 

2,4») 

2,809 

2,791 

8,172 

10, 3« 

22,426 

31,63S 

3,958 

39,917 

50,781 

25,953 

2U,45( 

,562,081 

2,829,0(5 

• 

H.  Doc.  136.    , 

_STATEMENT-C„„,„„ed.  ^* 

States.  I     ,o,^ 

™^-         '       185J  I 

•       I       1852.      ;Ratepcrceni.of 

increase  fr„,a 

,'*>>*   to   1850 

_,  I     uiclusivy-  ^ 

Maine....  I     '[""«■     I     Tons      I     ^  I       '  I 

wSr'^--""       S:S      '^^      50r422      ,^%J     Tons.     . 

J''«J«  Wand 71'  ''^ ;  C.%-,  cm  cA'  if,          ^'  »32          5'  «^^  19. 72 

C«^«rticut 1  jjf,';'.;  4;U25  ''J^'^^       694,403       767  S  391.00 

£«'«'york 84''^:  U.'J.^oO  jSSI^        ^8,050        4J  oS  -  r.    ^'56 

New  Jersey 7«'I^'-  9ll,aHl  ^4'!^       116.180       lK«\  J  ®««'-«««'. 

Pennsylvania oJ?V^;^  f'2,a.-io  -^^^t^^  M.'Ml.Ols  (],  j.t'J^?  1  ^     78.04 

Mrt.  of  Columbia  *    .,V'«:'      l''-%<'--il       imJ^U      ".8^  q'r.u  '  '88.5» 

North  Carolina....        ^'l^^J      7;J,^K{        yl'""        22,9o;{|    ^'jt\       '      99.55 
&>uth  Carolina...         ^^'^!'^        44,  .^7        It'ouJ      ««.79!)        72  sS  ^-'^ 

Alabama ^I'iud     ^'''64"         IJ  ^        24,185        £l^r  ^^7.33 

UoDMana 097  nf'  L.-^JG         Ti^        27,327        28  M^i  '  ^-96 

Texas ,'^io      241,4!>7      85o'S      „  ^''"«  j  450  p  .•     ^"S* 

Tennessee ^-J^r  ^•''•'^  4??^  I    ^^'^      268']7.  :^"''™*S2'S«- 

Nssouri ■  3?>,822  13,955  ,4'2  =^'^88  J' S  F""™  *«"'&«- 

Iminois ■^•f?  32,ar,5  R^^O  ,2,938  ^'o^T^               37.22 

lohlo —  ^M^  I7,;«2l  5>?«8  34.065  JJ'S             ^84.54 

iMichigan..     B^^  57,941  flo'f^^  23,103  ^'n^,  L        »31.8« 

|wegon '^^'»        41,775        46  aia  263.79 

I  56 


1 


.€'■  N 


I     ,.*. ,.      .     ..«.*,  i 


866 


H.  Doc.    136. 


s^  --2/ix;:^-^"-^-" " "  "" 


Mune ;•• 

SewHiunpshire 

Vermont • 

Kaasachusetts 

Bliode  Island , 

Cpnnecticut 

New  York.. 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

Delaware 

Haryland 

DUtrict  of  Columbia 

Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Oeorgia 

Florida 

Alabama..  — 

Mississippi  — 

-Loiusiana 

Texas 

\  Tennessee . .  •  ■ 

Kentuclty 

Ifissouri 

.Illinois 

Ohio 

^iaoon^ 

m 

Oregonl. 
CaUfoi   ' 


in  the  United 


1838. 


Tons. 


167 
10 
43 
113 
86 
58 
14 
157 
2 
17 
11 
5 
3 
..-•-■ 

13 

4 

8 


24,3ffi 
3,286 


19,548 

2,lft» 

3,;80 

14,683 

7,057' 

8,406 

1,256 

15,464 

200 

8* 

1,033 

1,377 

4IG 


1,444 


1,377 


■  •  •  >  ■ 

20 

im 

"12 

^ 

f" 

'■f&S 

113,135 

W-  Doc/  ise. 


867 


111. 


\:, 


868 


' «      H.   Doc.  1^6. 

.  ST ATEMENT— Continued . 


States. 

/ 


Mfune — • 

New  Hampshire -  -- 

Vermont • — 

"Massaohusetts 

Ehode  Island 

Connecticut 

New  York.... 

New  Jersey • 

Pennsylvania : • 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia 

Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida — r 

Alabama .- 

Mississippi 

Louisiemar 

Texas. .f • 


Kentuc|ty 

Miflsouti 

Blinoi^ 

OUo, 

Wuoonsin — 

HioUgan 

Oregon 

CiQ&niia... 
'   / 
/         Total. 


1842. 


No. 


Tons. 


164 
5 

"'72 
11 
5^ 

-184 

47 

212 

9 

109 

49 

12 

19 

7 

1 

() 

5 

"u  \ 

2 
22 


49 


38,041 
1,696 

'is]  632 

2,516 

3,353 

20,241 

3,116 

13,666 

713 

7,937 

951 

889 

1,1S5 

482 

124 

384 

282 

1,044 

321 

5,608 


7,904 


1843. 


No. 


71 

2 

'40 
1 

12 

124 

19 

63 

3 

39 

11 

"  9 

21 

2 

1 

5 

2 


2 
11 


V 

1,021 


31 


Tons. 


1844. 


No,. 


129,065 


482 


15, 121 
234 

"9*974 
120 
1,064 
13,299 
1,460 
G,740 
246 
3,679 
276 
694 
2,000 
206 
.    45 
52a 
144 

288" 

322 

1,664 


5,195 


Tons. 


96 
3 

•  -  ^  ■ 

43 
7 
25 
181 
2f 
141 
8' 
65 
31 
10 
12 
7 
,     1 
1 


305 


63,618 


!. 

15! 

"2 
35 

9 

'49 


14 


766 


20,200 
/     754 

"'9^585 

2,814 

.^,914 

21,519 

1,333 

13,076 

586 

5,418 

850 

717 

587 

584 

r2 
n 


m 

7,165 
2,567 


.9,499 


103,536 


Htkiae. 

KewHampsh: 

Vermont 

Massschusetti 
B^t  Island 
Connecticut., 
Mew  York.... 
New  Jersey... 
J^snnsylvaiiia.. 

Delaware , 

Mnyland 

Dirtrict  of  Coli 
Viiginia 

North  Carolina. 
&*th  Carolii 
Geoi^M... 
Florida.... 
Alabama.. 

MiMlsgippi...^ 

Iiomslana.. 

I  Teas.... 

TenoMsee. 
J  Koituoky' 

K«onri...'. 
iBlinoii..... 

OMo 

IWiiconsin.. 
iJOchigan... 

J  Hon 

I'Cilifomia. 


Total. 


/    / 

» 

^ 

/ 

4                           ' 

/ 

"'■■'/  • 

• 

/ 

' 

• 

1 

•  *-*■' 

1 

1 

,^ 

.v.,j 


4'.  1 

*t         ! 

,.^^    ■ 

< 

- 

\^  ' 

1 

•f 

-J:li.'" 

■     - 

\:. 


1844. 


Tons. 


20,200 
/     754 


43 

9,585 

7            2,814 

25 

.3,914 

181 

21,519 

2\     '        1,333 

141           13,076 

8'              586 

55            5,418 

31 

m 

10 

717 

12 

587 

7 

584 

.     1 

72 

1           n 

15             669 

""h 871 

35          7,165 

9 

1        2,567 

■'"'4«y 

"""i'm 

14 

2^245 

...-". 

....i.. 

766 

103,536 

^'  ^oc.   136. 

^ATEMENT^Continued. 


869 


M 


.'.■^i-ai'.,.,.. 


« 


870 


H.  Doc.  136. 

STATEMENT— Continued. 


■■    \ 


States. 


lifune ,-- 

NAwUampshire..--* 


Vehnont 

jfaUBchusetts . 
Bhode  Island . 
Connecticut . 
Hew  Vork. 
New  Jersey. 
Pennsyjvaiva.. 
ielawaii^e. 

Ilaryland..-----  '' 

/  District  9f  Columbia.... 

Tirginia-v- '<■ 

North  CaVina 

South  Cari)linA 

Georgia. .-V 

Florida.. .-v 

jUabaina  .".-* -•■  • 

Hiiaissipi-- 

Lomsianii.-- 

Texas 

Tennessee.' 

Kentucky. 

Ifisaouri... 

niinoii 

Ohio ■ 

"WiiOonBin. 

,llichigtt- 

'Oregon... 

CaUfonUk- 


9 
9 
181 
13 
55 
382 
77' 
296 
31 
146 
17 
34 
43 
4 
1 
4 
4 

,  mi    •  •  •  • 

18 


89,974  I 
5,326 
1,189 
39,366 
4,038 
7,387 
68,435 
8,178 
29,638  I 
3,206  I 
17,481  { 
501  I 
2,980  I 
2,947 
450  J 
5?12-! 
318  i 
265 

1,620 


118 
13 
56 
265 
87 
19? 
23 
152 
22 
■  38 
,  29 
8 
'  2 
1 
3 

""21 


23,889 
2,760 
5,066. 
44,'104 
8,026 
24,008 
1,880 
17,463 
609 
3,095 
2,032 
656 
756 
.  120 
■  107 

1,756 


^ 

91,212 

10 

6,9U 

1 

77 

121 

35,836 

14 

3,Sffl 

47 

4,820 

224 

58,343 

57 

6,202 

•185 

21,410 

16 

.      1,849 

150 

■    15,9(» 

8 

n 

34 

3,584 

33 

2,® 

II    ^  I 

39   •  9.275 
38    6,256 


2 
34 
19 
13 
63 


243 
8,423 
2,887 
2,211 
12,817 


5 

2  1 
3 

'24' 
1 


34 

5 

13 

31 


6« 
80 
114 

"iM 
106 


6,4«I 

1,691 
5,214 


^.ii^l  .    ..V   ■.>--.•. -..-J.  ..:^.:.ii^-^T^.:liA. 


> 

1850. 

' 

)."         Tons. 

K6 

91,212 

10 

6,914 

1 

77 

121 

35,836 

14 

3,687 

47 

4,820 

224 

58,343 

57 

6,202 

•185 

21,411) 

16      , 

1,849 

150 

15,965 

g 

285 

34 

3,5*1 

33 

2M 



5I 

684 

2 

^ 

3 

114 

•  •--  -    • 

24 

1,592 

1 

106 

"'34'  ' 

'""i'm 

5 

1,354 

13 

1,691 

31 

5,214 

14 

2,0« 

2 

la 

1.360 

272,219 

H.  Doc.   136. 

STATEMENT-Continued. 


871 


Uaine 
New  Hainpc 
Vermont. 


Rhode  Islanq.., 
Connecticut . 
New  York... 
New  Jersey . 
Pennsjjvania 
Delaware-... 
Maryland... 
Dutrict  of  Cdlunibia 

Virginia 

NortliCarolini.... 
South  Carolinf 

Georgia 

norida 

Alabama 


Louisiana. 

Tei«« 

Tennessee.. 
Kentucky.. 
Viswnri . .. 

IHinoh 

Ohio.. 

Wiicondn. . 


254 
7 
4 

133 

12 

35 
229 

70 
200 

15 
130 

74 

27 

3311 

5 

6 

4 

5 


77,399 
8,158 
561 
41,324 
3,057 
3,414 
76,805 
5,869 
28,623 
2,059 
18,027 
4,439 
1,778 
1,725 
625 
2,369 
276 
355 


354 
14 

"  •   •  •  >  • 

161 

14 

65 
179 

38 
188 

23 
ll9 
S7 
40 
3i3 

7 

2 

1 

2 


110,047 
9,515 

48,002 
3,205 
9,035 
72,073 
3,953 
31,220 
2,983 
18,159 
1,995 
3;  800 
2,229 
939     ' 
323    ' 
30 
93 


873 


If 


i\4 


874 


H.  Doc.  136. 

StatcnerU  exMhUing  the  average  tonmge  of  vessels  huilt  in 


r 


the  United 


„    1843 

ISi 

212.97 

210. 

117 

251. 

249.35 

222.5 

120 

402 

88.66 

116.  r 

107.25 

118.6 

77.89 

6.S.4 

106.98 

92.7 

82 

73.2 

94.79]    98.  a 

25.09 

27.4 

77.11 

^95 

95.23 

1«3 

83. 4C 

45           72 

104.40       72 

72 

36 

44.60 

161 

135.50 

151.27 

204.71 

284.89 

167.45 

193.84 

61 

163.21 

126.43 

131.97 

/' 


/ 
/ 

/    s 

/.I       I 


lessels  built  in 

841. 

1842. 

05.14 

231.96 

52.12 

339.20 

55- 8i     258.77 

47.50-    228.73 

23.07     152.41 

•76.79     110.01 

77.66       66.30 

65.14       64.46 

62.33       79.22 

98.51 

72.81 

31.33 

19.40 

77.53 

78.08 

45.23 

62.37 

56 

68.  «6 

124 

40.16 

64 

36.33 

56.40 

65.11 

74.57 

160.  .5(1 

232.47 

254.91 

"  159.53 

161.36* 

135.83 


156.23 


';''' 


S7Q 


H.  Doc. 


136. 


^        far  the  year,  1810,  1820,  1830,  1840,  1860,  mid  1861. 

EXPORTS.    • 


FLORIDA. 


Year. 


1810. 
1820. . 
1830. . 
1840. , 
1860. 
1861. 


Amount. 


Increue. 


ALABAMA. 


Amonnt. 


$30w^d 
1,860,709 
2,607,968 
3,939,910 


From  1830  to 
^  1861,12,820 
per  cent. 


$96,936 

2,294,594 

12,864,694 

10,644,868 

18,628,824 


Increaae. 


►  707  perct. 


TiRorau. 


Year. 


1810 
1820 
1830 
1840 

1860 

1861 


^ 


loont. 


KORTH  CAROLINA. 


Amonnt 


,611       $403,949 

,967        808,319 

,6M*       399,333 

,769;937  i  ^  ^387,484 


Increate. 


«^16,601 
426,748 


►  7  per  ct. 


MOTU  tJAROLIKA. 


Tear. 


\ 


1810. 


Amount. 


Increase. 


$6,290,614 

8.882.940 


OCORGIA. 


Amount. 


$2,238,686 
6,594,623 
~5;336,62tr^ 


I 


1830. 
1840. 
1860. 
1861. 


7,62^,031 
9,981,016 
11,446,892 
16,316,678  J 


100 


6,862,969 
7,661,943 
9,168,879  J 


*-j, 


the    Union 
1. 


W-  J>oc.    136. 


877 


Increate. 


Isfo 3,701,482 

of? «'5S9,481 

^^^^ '     Mi(;,79s 


707  per  ct. 


AROLIJi 


S2,G50,050 
7,'59(j,157 

'J-^998,059 
•^7,098,277  f 
H9G8,013j 


>  500  per  ct. 
135  ])er  ct. 


MASSACHUSETTS. 


1810 

iS--i  ^^'i««"'«3i 

l^^-^^---|  i;5?7;487^ 


Amount. 


$13,013,048 
11»008,922 
7,813,194 
6,268, 15g 
8,253,473 
9,857,537 


Jncrejwc. 


''36^  per  ct. 


■^ '11,587,471 

.  ,  41,602,800 

^^ '  68.l04,/>49 


«10,993,398 
5,743,549 

3.791,482 

5,736,456 
^JM>49464 

5,101,969 


jgperct.^ 


sf;?i 


^. 


'v}> 


•V 


srd  - 


*4      '■ 


H.   Doc.  136. 

IMPORTS. 


FLORIDA. 


Year. 


1830 
1840 
1860 
1861 


Amount. 


$32,689 

190,728 

95,709 

94,937 


ALAB. 


lAIli. 


Year. 

Amouut. 

1830         

$144,823 

1ft40     .^ 

674,651 

1  aso              

865,362 

1861 ---- 

413,446 

VIRCINU. 


Year. 


1830 
1840 
1850 
1851 


Amount. 


$405,739 
546,086 
426,699. 
662,932 


SOUTH  CAROLINA. 


Year. 


Amonnt. 


NORTH  CAROLIKA. 


1830 
1840 
1860 
1861 


1830 
1840 
1850 
1851 


$1,064,619 
2,068,870 
1,933,786 
2,081,312 


Year. 

Amount. 

$221,992 

252,532 

323,392 

206,931 

OBOBOIA. 


Tear. 


1830 
1840 
1860 
1851 


AmooDt. 


$282,3461 
491,428| 
636,9 

721,5411 


♦•»4 


H'  l>oc.   136. 

IMPORTS-Continued. 


879 


1830  ...... 

1840 

1850 "■  n^A^ 

1861  6,124,201 

^^^^ 6,650,645 


«4,523,866 
4,910,746 


Amount. 


1830  .  ,       ^„ 

1840    ■■"" «9,766,693 

1850 ""•••        10.673,190 

1851 10.760,499 

12,528,460 


84? «572,666 

8M 856,411 

'^^^^ 'J      U76,590 


11830 
1840 
1850 

P861 


•36,624,070 

60,440,760 

111,123,624 

141,646,538 


1830 
1840 

Jse? 1       12,066,164 


»8,702,122 

8,464,882 


880 


H.  D6c.  136. 


Statement  exhibiting  the  value  of  fordgnirnp<rrts  into  the  prinripal  corr^. 

-  <^l  btates. 


States. 


Northern  comwercial 
States. 


Mune 

Massachusetts 
Khode  Island . 
Connecticut... 
New  York  .... 
Pennsylvania  . 


1825. 


Total, 


$1,169,940 

15,845,141 

907,906 

707, 478 
49,639,174 
15,041,797 


1835. 


$333, 389 

19, 800, 373 

597,713 

439,502 

88,191,305 

12,389,937 


1840. 


1850. 


1851. 


$628,762 

16,513,858 

274,534 

277,072 

■60,440,750 

8, 404, 832 


$^56,411 

30,374,684 

258,303 

372,  liOO 

111,123,524 

12,066,154 


$1, 176,539 

32,715,;W 

310,630 

342,9114 

141,54C,,'i;8 

14,168,7G1 


Soutttem  eommercial 
Slates. 


Maryland 

Virginia 

North  Carolina . 
South  Carolina . 

Georgia 

Loaisiana 

Alabama 

Florida . 


83,311,436 


4,751,815 
553,562 
311,308 

1,892,297 
343,356 

4,290,034 

113,411 

3,218 


12.2,  3<J2, 219    ^6,  599,  S^  \\5o,  051 ,  466  |_190,2f.0.-M.r 


5,647,153 

691,255 

241,981 

1,891,805 

393,049 

17.519,814 

525,955 

98, 173 


4,910,746 
545,085 
2.52,532 

2,058,870 

491, 428 

10,673,190 

574,651 

190,728 


6,124,201 

426, 599 

323,692 

1,933,785 

636,964 

10,760,499 

865,372 

95,709 


6,650,G« 

552,  ra 

2()6,I)3I 
•2,081,312 

721,50 
12,528,419 

413, 4«1 

94, gar  I 


l;4 


[ft. 


f 

K 

» 

\ 

Av 

p 

1 

1 

-*- 


rincipal  cotrmet- 


6,411 

4,684 
8,303 
2,  3S)0 
13, 524 
;6,154 


1851. 


|1,17G,599 

32,715,327 

310,63) 

342, 9!M 

141, 546, 5113 

14,ltW,7til 


>1,466     190,2()n,-<sr 


24,201 
26,599 
23,692 
33,783 
136, 964 
60,499 
865,372 
95,709 


6,65(),r)45 
552, « 
21)6,1)31 

■2,(«1,3B 
721,547 

12,528,4«l 
413, 4«i 
94,9 


H.   Doc.  130. 

S^temeru  eMHng  the  value  of  ^,^  . 

^cial  Stata.J       *^'  pntunpal 


com' 


States 


Northern  hommercial 
States, 


1825. 


1835. 


1840. 


Maine 


MMwchMette'.:;:::::  /^'^  ii,m,m  11,009  9in 


Bhode  Island 
Connectiout. 
New  York... 
Pennsylraiua 


519,589 

684,686 

20,651,558 

3,936,133 


.564,499 

182,188 

466,347 

19.126,513 

2.125,736 


6,268,158 
203,006 
518,210 
22,676,609 
5,736,456 


1850. 


tl,  536, 818 

8,253,473 

206,299 

241,262 

41,502,800 

4,049,464 


1851. 


«1. 517,419' 

9.857,53y 

223,404 

433,894 

68, 104, 542 

5,101,96» 


af I    3.092,365 

I  North  Carolina sf^'^ 

JSouth Carolina jo  ^r'^ 

]aMmn»  '".876,475  1 

r°?«'* !    4,220,939  I 

^'""*°« '10,965,2^1 

691,897  ! 
2,865  i 


Alibama 
Florida 


16(5,821       23,25il,27lB   ^61 


iu(L... 


2,250,642 

5,564,785 

282,715 

6,978,698 

4,951,000 

23,916,582 

5,751,645 

45,259 


1.34,525,505 


5, 495, 020 

4,769,937 

387,484 

9,981,016 

6,862,959 

32,998,059 

12, 854, 694 

1,850,709 


6,589,481 

3,413,158 

416, 501 

11,446,892 

7,551,943 

37,698,277 

10,544,858 

2,607,963 


lUnennmeratedStatei 


Total  of  all  States... 


49,741,326 
22,937,522 
66,944,745  1101,189,082 


5, 416, 788 

3,087,444 

426,748 

15,316,578 

9,158,879 

53, 968, 013 

18,528,824 

3, 939, 910 


«--      1,400,506 


113,895,634   136,946,912 


196,689,718 


ni 

m 


wa 


P' 


\ 


\ 


..EiJ 


M' 


ML 


■d- 


^ 


H.  Doc/l3e.* 


1^ 


88t 


2}-( 


22  in. 


?8 


©»  t-l 


.-  1(5 


sf 


1 
I 


■  y?  ^- «;  M  o' »>.-,-.---  ."  «^  «  S  §     S  ?5     J5 


i^ 


H:  Dot:.  136J 

INLAND  WATBB-R0UTE8. 


£. .' 


The  following  tables  ;irc  subitiitted  in  reference  to  the  inland  water- 
routes,  and  the  character  and  value  of  their  trade,  so  far  as  they  could  be 
obtained.  Application  was  made  to  persons  in  each  of  the  principal 
cities  for  information  relating  to  their  inland  trade,  which  was  unsuc- 
cessfol.  It  is  mentioped  with  the  hope  that  the  principal  commercial 
cities  on  the  Atlantic  and  i^  the  interior  will  promptly  taJce  measures 
to  have  this  matter  receiv<^  proper  attention.  ■     ,         ,       , 

It  is  due  to  the  interests, of  the  cities,  to  the  inland  trade,  and  to  the 
raiboad  mterest,  that  all  the  information  relating  to  routes,  facility  of 
transportation,  expense,  distance,  &c.,  should  be  correctly  prepared 
and  promptly  given  to  the  p^ublic  in  annual  statements. 
'  It  IS  necessary  tp  state  aga^ri,  if  any  complaints  are  made  of  mtereglr 
ing  local  points  being  unnoticed  in  this  report,  the  fault  is  not  with  the 
undersigned,  but  is  chargeable  0  the  indifference  of  those  to  whom 
repeated  Applications  were  m^de  for  the  requisite  data- 

The  appended  statements  have  been  compiled  from  official  and  au- 
thentic retos,  exhibiting  the  estimated  value  >f  the  tonnage  of  the 
leading  inl£id  water-routes  which  connect  th<s  tide-waters  of  the  Atlan- 
tic with  thbse  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  ;  * . 
>     There  arte  at  the  present  time  four  great  routes  to  which  the  mtcrior 
trade  of  thejcountry  has  been  chiefly  confihed— the  St.  Lawrence/the- 
Erie  canal,  the  Pennsylvania  improvements,  and  the  Mississippi  riyer 
and  its  tributetries.    All  these  routes  are  mutually  connected  by  an  in- 
terior netwc^k  of  railroads  and  canals,  and  merchandise  may  be  for* 
Warded  froi  the  respective  termini  of  each,  lipon  tidewater,  to  any 
I  part  of  the  country,  (and  by  water  except  upon  the  Pennsylvania,  line,) 
land  may  be  passed  with  convenience  from  one  to  the  other.     There  are 
iportant  w5rks  recently  completed,  and  others  in  progress,  designed 
to  occupy  a  dirailar  relation  td  this  trade  to  those  already  described; 
Imt  these  haxp  too  recently  come  into  operation  to  allow  their  results 
ed  with  the  above-named.     None  of  the  former  have 
J  great  iitferior  basin  of  the  courltry  save  the  Georgia  line, 
„„.v... .-  ,^^  .iranting  iti  those  connexions  which  are  necessary  to  secure 
to  it  the  trade!  of  an  extensive  range  of  country.    When  cotopleted, 
the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  raifroad  will  add  another  to  what  may  be 
termed  the  tudional  lints,  and  others  equally  extensive,  and  perhaps 
equally  important,  will  soon  follow. 

Up  to  the  pfesent  time,  consequently,  the  routes  of  commerce  be- 
tween the  interior  and  the  seaboard  have  been  those  first  described. 
We  have,  howeVer,  unfortunately,  accurate  and  satisfaxitory  returns  of 
tEe  quantity  and  yalue  upon  one  route  only — the  Erie  canal.  The  excel- 
lent system  prevailing  upon  that  work  gives,  in  great  detail,  every  feet 
of  interest  in  refeVence  to  the  source  whence  received,  tonnage,  value, 


fo  be  compe 
passed  into  th^ 
which  is  yet 


cBaracter.ind  direction  df  all  prbperty  passing  over  it.  Upoii  the  St 
Lawrence  canalsl  values  are  not  given  ra  the  reports  of  the  Board  of 
Works  of  Canada:  and  these  have  been  estimated  to  agree,  as  nearly 
as  possible,  with  t^e  returned  values  of  the  same  articles  upon  the  Ene 
canaL  The  table^  showing  the  values  of  produce  received  at  New  Or- 
leans from  the  inteiFior  axelcompiled  from  the  annual  stajtements  which 


7 


trade,  and  to  the 

routes,  facility  of 

rrectly  prepared 

s. 

made  of  intercsir 

lit  is  not  with  the 

f  those  to  whom 

a. 

1  official  and  au- 

ie  tonnage  of  the 

Iters  of  the  Atlan- 


H.   Doc.  136. 


w 


up  the  Mississippi  river  frorS^nV^^ '^"^"l^^P^'P^^^y  P«««i^^ 
estimated  in  tl^eS^llowi^g  tablef  JeS^^  "  ^"''  *."^"^°^^'  ^^^ 
importations  of  foreign  g(Sds  ''^"^  ^^'""^  ^'""^^  the  ^ount  o 

co^erl'^'L^-nZ^'^^^fl^f^^^^^^  /elating,  to  t^  trade, 
commending,  i„  a  sjecia"  manper  ^o  th  7i- '  V^^^^^nt  reason  for 
pubhshed,  by  Professor  DeToToV?hpTTP-  J  the  volumes  recently 
Sed  "The  Industrial  Re^urcer'of  the%^T''"J  ^S  I^o"isiana,  enl 
be  profitably  consulted  by  aTLslous  of  nS.' •  ^''*'"  ^^^^^  ^^ 
matron  minute  in  its  detis  and  pSpltS^T^ereSl  '^^'^ 
■      -  ■  .      '  ■  ^         • 

i),  ERIE  CANAL ^OUTE. 


Yean. 


1849 

1848.. 

1847. 

1846. 

1845.. 

1844 

1843. 


Products  of  the 
foreit, 


,160,666 
',316,117 
7,192,706 
6,909,016 
8,798,873 
8,689,291 
7,769,696 
7,716,032 
6,966,474 


Agriculture. 


«36,394;913 
38,311,546 
38,466,466 
37,336,290 
54,624,849 
33,662,818 
27,612,281 
21,020,065 
18,211,629 


Manufactures. 


M,336,783 
3,960,864 
3,899,238 
3,834,360 
6,024,618 
4,806,799 
3,432,269 
3,489,570 
2,561,169 


Merchandise. 


$329,423 

563,615 

608,048 

593,619 

517,694 

276,872 

88,497 

86,153 

66,224 


Other  article*. 


$2,706,735 
2,323,49^ 
2,319,983 
2,210,623 
3,127,080 
3,770,476 
3,669,669 
2,329,62^ 
1,667,923^ 


I- 


4ii 


sive,  and  perhaps 

of  commerce  be- 
se  first  described, 
sfactory  return*  of 
canal.  Theexcel- 
t  detail,  every  feet 
id,  toimage,  value, 
ritr^  Upon  AeSt" 
Its  of  the  Board  of 
to  a^ree,  as  nearly 
iclefi  upon  the  Erie 
ceived  at  New  Or- 
1  stajtements  which 


-  w 


>       "^'^-1 


*  Docr^taer 


It 


»■.«.•*     ■■• 


i'  *. 


Jiii    -. 


The  following  brief  notices  and  accompanying  tables  will  serve  mQre 
fully  to  illustrate  the  character  of  the  business  of  this  route  in  detail, 
and  also  convey  to  the  mind  bf  the  reader  some  idea  of  the  influence 
which  the  commerce  flowing  through  this  channel  has  had  in  building 
up  the  toyms  and  cities  on  the  tide-waters  of  the  Hudson  river. 

Mboigy. — This  eity,  one  of  the  most  aincient,  and  at  one  time  of  first 
commercial  importance  among  the  marts  of  America,  has  direct  rela- 
tion with  colonial  trade  and  lake  commerqe  and  navigation. 

When  it  is  considered  that  the  extraordinary  facihties  furnished  by 
the  Hudson  river  toward  reaching  the  great  marts  on  the  Atlantic 
coast  called  into  existence,  if  tVy  did  not  actually  create  a  necesiity 
for,  those  artificial  channels  through  which  the  great  lake  commerce 
finds  its  way  to  tide-water,  it  Vill  oe  seen  that  there  is  a  most  intimate 
commercial  connexion  between  the  great  lakes  and  the  ports  on  the 
tide-waters  of  the  Hudson.  The  whole  effect,  therefore,  of  the  vast 
trade  under  consideration,  is  not  visible  without  a  sketch  of  the  busi- 
ness of  those  ports — especially  as  much  of  the  Canada  trade,  indeed 
nearly  the  whole  of  it,  with  this  country,  reaches  tide-water  by  way  of 
Albany,  and  makes  part  of  the  conmierce  of  the  Hudson.  ,      ^  ^ 

There  are  several  cities  on  the  banks  of  this  noble  river  worthy  ol 
notice.  Albany,  Troy,  Lansingturgh,  and  Waterford,  are  all  places  of 
thriving  business. 

Water  ford  is  the  most  northerly,  and  lies  on  the  west  bank  of  the 
jrfver,  nearly  opposite  Lansingburgh,  at  the  point  where  the  Champlain 
and  Erie  ctmals  form  their  junction.  It  is  not  a  large  town,  but  hag 
some  flourishing  manufactories,  among  them  several  flouring  mills,  which 
add  much  to  its  canal  conunerce. 

Lansingburgh,  on  the  oppcfeite  side  of  the  river,  a  little  further  south, 
is  on  old  town;  which  was  engaged  in  a  flourishing  river  commerce, 
carried  on  by  means  of  sloops  and  schooners,  as  early  as  1770,  with 
New  York  and  the  West  Indies. 

The  introduction  of  stgam  has  caused  that  trade  to  cease ;  and  Lan- 
singburgh, being  off*  the  line  of  tlie  canal,  has  little  use  for  her  docks  and 
warehouses  at  tnis  day. 

Troy,  three  miles  south  of  Lansingburgh,  is  a  large  and  enterprising 
modern  city  of  about  30,000  inhabitants,  having  increased  in  popula- 
tion, from  1840  to  1850,  9,451.  The  city  lies  on  both  sides  of  the  Hud- 
son, six  miles  north  of  Albany,  and  one  hundred  and  fifty-six  from  New 
York.  The  principal  portion  of  the  city  is  on  the  eastern  bank  of  the 
river,  over  which  communication  is  kept  up  by  ferries  and  a  bridge. 
Troy  is  at  present,  therefore,  virtually  at  the  head  of  steamboat  navi- 
gation on  the  Hudson.  On  the  west  bank,  the  canal  is  connected  with 
the  river  by  a  lock,  through  which  boats  may  pass  and  thence  tow  by 
steam  to  Albany  and  New  York,  or,  which  is  more  frequently  the  case, 
dischui'ge  their  cargoes^  on  board  barges,  of  great  capacity,  whiclrarr 
towed  down  the  river  to  New  York,  while  the  canal  craft  receive 
another  cargo  and  return  northward  or  westward.    It  is  this  business 


,'-v. 


treat  lake  commerce 


of  traneliipment  nnr?  ni-^i  Oolf 

SfC tr^°'  ?!^l'>  :^w^™  ?r  ""-p'-  — e  or 

ai^d  i\ew  York,  as  we  ]  as  Burlfnoi!;     t,    .  '^  ^""nected  with  Boatnn 
~.  b,  railway,  o.  wKXerV?,-|-;;  ^^-a^^^^^^ 

Albai^y  is  the  oldest  an,l  •  "  "^^«"^P^y»ng  raUway 

was  first  visited  by  HeSliTM  rP^"''"*  of  all  the  river  rif.V«      t. 
years  later,  under  fwa^p^e^^^^     '"  1609,  and  was  le^l^d  a  few 

years,  gjvmg  it.  in  1840,  a  t^pl^^llt'S^^.r^T^  «"^-  ^"fifteen 

^^y^n^aoL^^^^^^^^  fin:  Sr^y 

The  elevated  position  of  the  ctv  mil        '''"  '^'^  «"'rounding  counSf 
residence.     The  countrv  aroun  l^i  '  ''  ^  ^""'^^^^y  andSffi 

tamo^,  but  mostly  suscepdSeT^^^  "wrsir";-  ",  ^^"^  P-ts  S 

The  commerce  of  Alfiany  is.  Jl,S  ""*•  ^"^^'^ation. 

though  ,t  was  first  made  a^rt  of  .  \  P^.^^^^nt  as  its  settlement 
ontsnver  commerce  ^^rTke;  ZiVtffi.  ,  ^"  ^^-^le Ve^rds 
I!ci^¥"^  ^^^«P«  -visited  tl  e  WesT  ?nf]-  •^'''!  "^^^^^  As  early  as 
m  1785  the  "£.^^W«C'  a  sLn^f  sof'"'  ""  ^"^^^  nmnbers,  In^ 
Chma^bemg  the  second  idventu^fro^  ?.^^"''  """'  ^"*^^  «"*  he;e  for 
created  great  mterest  in  the  ChU.l  ^  '"'""^^^^  ^  Canton.     She 

^eral  subsequent  trips.%S";pSiro?'?  ^ -^ty,  and  mS: 
P^er-has  nearly  revolutionized  ??«  of  steam  as  a  propelling 

Uon;  and  the^ncient  ?S-e^  tdHfT''  '''i^  ^^^  -  thf 
Albany  ,8  now  extinct.  In  179?  no  l5  ^^^«"?gburgfi ,  Troy,  and 
seen  to  arrive  at  or  pass  Albany  on  the?r  ^*  ^^"^^^^  ««il  were 
single  %.  After  Altany  wS^ermed  im.  ""^  '"  ?^^^^«  ^^^ve.  in  I 
m^e  an  appropriation  for  thej^movd  S  th^  V""''  "^  ""^'"y'  Congest 
l«iout  SIS  miles  below  the  pjfl  T  the  obstructions  tanaviJSion 

l^uchw,  done  to  X  tt  cHLneT^d  nrt  f^/^^^^"^'^'  ^^^ 
fc,  "^J^^'^Se  is  still  difficdt  Tlo^^  P^f  ^"^  j^J"^ 
we  efficient  improvements     IVn  !£!  T^f^^'  ^^  requires  forther  and 
krce  of  Albany  are  TLd.W^'l''^*^"^^"^^  of  the  river  c^ 

Mnt  reports^f  L  au£  of  thTldY  ^  '^"^^**  ^^^^ 
h  the  quantity  and  value  of  Lcles  tS??  department  with  regard 
ken .  This  will  give  nearly  T^c^ZZ.V'^  ^«  ^^"^  ^^ 
N  points  above.  j  «"i  tne  commerce  of  the  river  at  Albany 


fe^T^te  ^'  departing  from  Albany,  con- 

K  in  184788.  aid  iS9  78^'  ''^f^f"'  propellers,  and  Sows. 
I  7  04y,7»6.    The  tonnage  entered  and  cleared 


_jL' 


.^«5 


-  — "  f    '■  '  ' 

890  ^*  •'^^*   ^^^V 

..t  this  place,  of  the  same  claBS  of  vessels,  for  a  series  of  years,  was  as 
follow*:  Tons. 

.^";°^q 40,369 

\fl '::: 39,416 

^  Isl? 60,797 

ioll 66,364 

£•"■■•■••■■••■■■••■:•::•.•.::■-••-- 

•       i--"-----'-'--:-:;:::::::f^r-  • 

}|m:::::::::::: .....79,m 

Much  of  to  tomage  traded  .0  Bo.to„,  Now  York^d^^^^^ 
returns: 


Year*. 


1837  . . 

1838  . . 

1839  . . 

1840  . . 

1841  .. 

1842  .. 

1843  .. 
1844. 
1846  . 
1846  . 
1847. 
1848. 
1849. 
1860, 
1861 


Property  going  from  tide-water. 


Tons. 


122,130 

142,802 

142,036 

12^680 

162.716 

123,294 

143,696 

176,737 

196.000 

213,796 

288,267 

329,667 

316.660 

418.370 

467.961 


Value. 


Arriving  at  tidft-water. 


1862 631.62V     118.89 


$26,784,147 
33.062,868 
40,094.302 
36.398.039 
66.798.447 
32.314.998 
42.268.488 
63.142,403 
66.463.998 
64.628.474 
77.878.766 
77.477.781 
78.481.941 
74.826,999 
80.739,899 
118.896,444 


Tom. 


611.781 

640,481 

602.128 

669.012 

774.334 

666.626 

836.861 

1,019,094 

1,204,943 

1,362,319 

1,744.283 

1.447,906 

1,679.946 

2,033,863 

1,977,161 

2.234,822 


Value. 


$21.822,3M 
23.038,610 
20.163,199 
23,213,673 
27,225,322 1 
22,761,0 
28,453,406 1 
34,183,167 
46,462,321 
61,106,266 
73>92,4U 
60,883,90T| 
62,376,621 
66,474,6371 
63,927,6liel 
66.893,ltfl 


v'-.iljfC  k    -/       /Sij.«,  /' 


/  i^'.Ji 


'•>,   'fi'W^'i'''      """^ 


years, 


7 
5 
i 
7 
5 
1 
9 

r 

12 


was  as 


id  Philaxlelphia. 
'  the  commerce 
en  in  the  canal 


IBttidfr-mter. 


$21,82^,381 

23,038,510 

20,163,199 

23,213,673 1 

27,225,322 

22,761,013 

28,453,408 

34,183,167 

45,452,321 

51,106,356 

73»092,iU 

50,883,901 

52,376,621 

55,474,637 

53,927,5I»| 

66,898,l(r 


H-  Doc.  136.  ggj. 

ZJTJ^Z^]^  ^l^  Prop>rtion  of  each  Cass  of 

1  iUit  going  west  Waachicflv  mnrr-^.n. 


coming 


goin«vo«.-w-„i.cuc%-m;;suirr"^ 


1885 

1836 

1837 

1838 

1839 

1840 , 

1841 

1849 

1848 

1844 

1845 

1846 

1847 

1848 

1849....... 

1860 

1861.. 

1862.. 


Tons. 

640,202 

473,668 

386,0 17j 

400,87, 

377,72i 

321,70 

449,095 

321,480 

416,178 

645,202 

607,930 

603,bl0 

666,113 

603,272 

665,647 

947,768 

913,267 

064,677 


Tans. 

170,945 


ro 

M77 
346,140 
378,714 
447,627 
628,454 
897,717 
685,896 
769,600 
743,232 
891,418 
989,268 


Tom. 
8,648 
12,906 
10,124 
8,487 
8,565 
,  8,665 
17,891 
16,015 
29,493 
32,334 
49,812 
46,076 
51,632 
44,867 
44,288 
39,669 
52,302 
47,612 


Merchandl*.  Other  article.. 


Tbiu. 
2,085 
1,176 
354 
298 
499 
104 
155 
185 
201 
245 
253 
1,796 
4,831 
6,343 
5,873 
7,105 
4,580 
10,605 


Tant. 
31,102 
35,597 
64,777 
48,677j 
51,55^ 
36,^ 
36,983 
35,76» 
44,854' 
62,599 
99,381 
82,982' 
124,090 
107,527 
94,63S 
113,273 
115,681; 
122,760 


,:^^^^^^  tsat; -^- f  - 


>f- 


The  Forest. 

I  Fur  and  peltry pounds 

ooards  and  scantling feet 

Shiitfles ._        j( 

f™»er .".cubic  'feet 

5?^«»---. -pounds 

[wood ..cords 

[Ashes,  pot  and  pearl,  .'barrels- 

AgricuUtare. 

* ••*. barrels. 

/*•••• ..do... 

^"^ ....pounds. 


484,000 

427,038,600 

47,900 

4,237,750 

155,304,000 

8,726 

29,084 


242 

711,731 

7,185 

84,755 

77,652 

24,432 

7,271 


$605,200' 
7,213,226. 
203,971 
505,251 
737,686 
53,591 
841,731 


45,019, 
76,344 
10,904,000 


7,203 
12^215 
5,452  I 


663,898 
468,054 
980,956* 


■^} 


^i& 


s*- 


«92 


1 

'*"! 

■•'  ■ 

■"4 

♦. 

••'.1 

K 

.'1 

B 

<» 


H.   Doc.  13di 

STATEMENT— Continued- 


Article. 


.pounds 
...do.. 
...do.. 


Quantity. 


Oheese • 

Butter 

Lard ,, 

Lard  oil ga^ons 

Wool .-...pounds 

Hides qo.- 

Tallow ..do... 

Flouft barrels. 

Whesk bushels. 

Rye ^o... 

Corn ^ .....do  .. 

Corn  meal barrels. 

Barley bushels. 

Oats... do     . 

Bran  and  shipstuffs . .  .pounds. 

Peas  and  beans. bushels. 

Potatoes do. . . 

Dried  fruit pounds . 

Qfltton ^o... 

Unmanufact'd tobacco  .  .do. . . 

Hemp Vj'^'* 

Clover  and  grass  seed  .  .do. . 

Flaxseed do.. 

Hops do.. 


Total  agricultiie 


25,602,«00 
9,568,000 
10,814,000 
240,800 
10,518,000 
672,000 
244,000 
3,368,463 
3,163,666 
288,679 
7,916,464 
7,065 
1,809,417 
3,694,313 
44,036,000 
127,600 
699,960 
1,424,000 
220,000 
3,702,000 
1,160,000 
634,000 
122,000 
652,000 


Maimfactures. 

Domestic  spirits gallons . 

Beer. barrels. 

m  meal  and  cake pounds. 

Starch do... 

^jLeather do. .  - 

J'urniture. do. . . 

Agricultural  implements .  do . . . 
Bar  eM  pig  lead do. . . 

Pig  ir<m. .  «!f  -• do. .  ■ 

^iCMtitigs  ;  ^.  i^---  i^Ti  ^  y ao^^ 

Machines  &  parts  thereof,  do . . 

Bloom  and  bar  iron do . . , 

Iron  Tirare  .^^ do. . 


TonB. 


12,801 
4,784 
6,407 
1,204 
5,259 
286 
122 
362,714 
94,910 
8,083 
221,<}33 
763 
43,426 
67,609 
,  22,018 
3,825 
17,949 
712 
110 
1,851 
680 
267 
61 
276 


Value. 


$1,663,606 

1,338,997 

973,324 

168,637 

4,101,415 

68,434 

16,976 

13,436,542 

3,051,110 

186,986 

4,427,175 

20,172 

1,429,332 

1,348,019 

352,285 

141,698 

341,531 

114,108 

23,994 

813,712 

75,469 

39,876 

2,426 

146,287 


891,420 


2,787,600 

6,810,000 

2,660,000 

8,204,000 

1,046,000 

320,000 

|5,000 

6,9ft,000 

^5,448,000 

148,000  1 
33,360,000 
4,000 


13,998 

9 

3,406 

1,280 

4,102 

623 

160 

f     ,  8 

2,968 

JL^4 


74 
16,676 


36,394,913 


627,406 

3151 

85,150 

136,732 

l,m3S4 

104,386 

16,84i 


59,158 
73.438 

666,993 
HI 


*. 


Tons. 

Value. 

12,801 

$1,663,606 

4,784 

1,338,997 

6,407 

973,324 

1,204 

168,537 

6,269 

4,101,415 

286 

68,434 

122 

16,976 

362,714 

13,436,542 

94,910 

3,051,110 

8,083 

186,986 

221,633 

4,427,175 

763 

20,172 

43,426 

1,429,332 

67.609 

1,348,019 

,  22,018 

352,285 

3,825 

141,698 

17,949 

341,531 

712 

114,108 

110 

23,994 

1,851 

813,712 

580 

75,469 

267 

39,876 

61 

2,426 

276 

146,287 

891,420 

36,394,913 

13,998 

627,406 

9 

31S 

3,406 

86,150 

1,280 

136,732 

4,102 

1,830,384 

523 

104,386 

160 

16,842 

f     •  8 

m 

2,968 

59,158 

.       1,224 

73,438 

74 

14,931 

16,67fi 

>      .     666,993 

S 

i               111 

H.  Doc.  136. 

STATEMENT-Continued. 


m^ 


Articles. 


Domestic  woollens. .  .pounds 

Domestic  cottons do 

Domestic  salt .'  "do   " " 


Total  manufactures 

Merchandise 

Ot/icr  articles. 


Quantity. 


824,000 

2,248,000 

12,816,000 


9,160,000 


j52^  ^^35^703 
ij580  329,423 


Live  cattle,  hogs  &  sheep .  lbs 
Stone,  lime  and  clay  Jo " 

fyPS"^ .'."."do." 

%s  - ^j^ 

Mineral  coal  . .  ,i^ 

^* do. 

?PFfore ,,„ 

hmidnes j 

Total  other  articles ." . 

Grand  total . . 


868,000 
86,286,000 
3,242,000 
3,670,000 
20,110,000 
170,000 
418,000 
110,392,000 


m. 


Value. 


$725,419 

589,31^ 

56,387 


U5,581 
1,977,151 


26,100' 

122,000 

6,475 

220,652 

58,753 

7,101 

62,667 

2,202,985 

2^06,733- 

53,927,508 


^:,  l^li^r"^^ :^:i;^  ^^^-a^-  on  tl.  cana..,  ^ 
SS,332.441  landed  at  Trofand  Albn?.;  1  ^ '""P'ry' K'^"  amount  of 
.There  also  went  west  by  rdlwav  ftom  Ylh  ^  ''""'^Tl  ^''"''  ^''^  ^^««t, 
ofWhaiidise,  furniturl  ^ndlerZof^r^^  '"^  "^"^  '^'^^^  ^°- 

ktes  via  the  canals  or^ central  STr^Hw    ^^  i'^^'  ''T  ^^«^e«tern 
kBo8ton,mu8t  pass  throuXh^'elid^r^^^ 
iloes  without  being  either  SshbDed  1  h  T  T"^  ^'"^'^  ''  '"^^^y 
tribute  to  the  comLrce  oVsomi^rel"Lr^^  ""'"^"^'^  *°  P^^  « 

■^^ZZtllZI^^u:?::^^^^^^^^^^  Boston,  New 

.)utes,  and.  from  present  .XartTe7 '^?"""^  ^^^  '^^"^^Y 

f^hZd  and  t^WC^r  ^    ''"^'  -'^  .'^^  A^'»"tic  cities  on 
hsent  traffic  with  eacTo  her  '^''  '"'''"''''"  ^"^  "^"^^iply  their 


894 


H.  Doc.   136. 


8 


«300OG2«0OOO 


00 


§}  ti  ,H  CO  CO  -^  <N  t^^ 


«3 


WS 


•^rjiijfC090COCO<N 


C^ 


«v 


^  O   C5 

lO  »o  "* 


^ 


t^  O  «5  "*  W  (N  '-' 
i*  Tti  r)i  ••*  ^  M*  -^ 


00  00  00  O)  00  CC  (£  ^  CO  2  2 


H-   Doc.  136.  flo . 

Statement  of  tht  comparcuke^mlu.  nf  \ 


Hudjson,  and  the  Missis, 


Years. 


nppi. 


1851 

1850. ...... 

1849 

1848 

1847 

1846..... 

1845 

1844'. 

1843 

1842 
1841 


«fc 


St.  Lawrence. 


$10,956,793 


Hudson,^ 


$80,739,899 
74,826,999 
73,4^1,941 
77,477,781 
«77,878,766 
64,628,474 
55,453,998 
53,142,403 
42,258,488 
32,314,798 
56,798,447 


$38,874,782 
33,667,325 
30,152,091 
28,141,317 
27,667,512 
21,668,823 
21,035,030 
23,480,217 
24,510,045 
24,093,570 
30,768;966 


W^t  — ' 

There  should  be  added  t     h     c  '"        ~ 

fairly  the  tonnage  of  the  New"l^,,l  ^T""^  '""^^'l  '"  "'^er  to  exhibit 

7Ct^  ^"^  '-^^"^  f™"^  tide,  vaj;  bv  rh'r'''  ''",  '?'""""*  ^^ fr-igh 
The  foUowing  ,s  the  estimated  b.li^^  ^''^'''^^  ^'"^^  ^^  raUwIv 

frees,  ol  the  Nonhern  or  otlnnl     '' '?  '""^''  ^••^en  from  oS 
the  New  Ynrt  o„,i  r..  ■     :.    '-'gtlensburff.  the  Ww  v,.„i.  /^_  .    "/"^lai 


ihNew  York  and  Erfe  Ll^*  ^l*"*',.*"  N™  York  Central    "d 
water,  in  Ac  a»„.™,'  „°?-.  ./ke''^  different  lines  landed  a 'tTJS 


«a  the  different  routes,  in  1851    '  "   ^  •^'''""  ^'^'""*'''  ^«  '''*«  interior, 


Ton8np.     Tons  down.      Tons 


"P-       Ton.  down.        Tons  down. 


10,220 
1,725 


62,351 
9,895, 


711,731 


7,185 

77,652 

242 

7,271 


.  ^'^ 


^'. 


-  90 


217  I.. 

9,177 :. . 


5,576  . 


S 
58,553 

f^     600 


<i.' 


mi 


/ 


A»  ••■X 


STATEMENT— Continiicd.        # 


Artidea. 


Agricultuf.e.' 


8t.  Lawrence. 


Tons  up. 


Tons  down. 


Flour 

Wheat . . 

Cora, 

Oats 

Rye 

Barley . . 
Potatoes. 
Cotton  -  - 
Hemp . . 
Wool . . . 
Eggs  .  - . 
Oil  cake«r 
Tobacco 
Beer. .'. . 
Pork. .  - . 
Bacon  . . 
Butter . . 
Cheese . . 

Lard 

Tallow  . 


\ 


2,177 

821 

171 

1,501 

38 

43 

110 


70,966 

16,867 

3,052 

1,746 

284 

69 

403 


Hudson. 


Tons  up. 


52 


1,399 

1,635 

2 


74 
15 


Manufactures. 

Whiskey  —  - 

Lard  oil 

Leather 

Lead 

Railroad  iron . . 

Pig  iron 

Blooms 

Castings 

Nails  and  spikes 

Sugar 

Molasses 

Salt 


30 


230 
25 


136 

89 

3,454 

164 

1,122 

37 

150 

413 


649 
6 


Coal . . . . : . . 

Furniture  . . 
Merchandise 
Sundries  — 


27,994 
14,179 
9,794 
1,663 
1,746 
3,696 
398 
7,297 


66 


77 


9,054 


Total  tons. 


15,296 
12,5ia 


1 
134 


^m 


120,779 


923 
141,412 


329,621 


Tons  down. 


New  Orleans. 


Tons'  down. 


362,714 
94,910 
221,633 
57,509 
8,083 
43,426 
17,949 
,  .     110 
580 
5,259 
1,838 
3,405 
1,851 
12,215 
7,203 
6,452 
4,784 
12,801 
5,407 
122 


13,938 
1,204' 
4,102 

8 


2,958 

16,675 

1,224 


100,138 
5,193 

109,989 
6,949 


22,809 
321,566 

9,858 


64,187 , 
9,077 

47,205 

37,291 
2,417 
1,811 

22,766 
196 


29,270 
2,117 

9,592 

62 1 


1,466 
349,230 
117,266 


6,408 
13.066 


118,273 
91,500 


Mm 


467,961 


4,680 
74,722 


1,977,161 


153,;^0| 


1,292,6701 


\- 


New  Orleans. 

ns  down. 

Tone^  down. 

362,714 
94,910 
221,633 
57,609 
8,083 
43,426 
17,949 
.  .     110 
680 
5,259 
1,838 
3,405 
1,851 
12,215 
7,203 
6,462 
4,784 
12,801 
5,407 
'        122 


100,138 
5,193 

109,989 
6,949 


22,809 
321,506 

3,858 


54,187 , 
9,07,7 

47,205 

37,291 
2,417 
1,811 

22,766 
196 


13,938 
1,204' 
4,102 

8 

29,270 
2,117 

9,592 

2,968 

16,676 

1,224 

62 

118,273 

91,590 

6,408 
:.=^3,056 

4,680 
74,722 

163,^ 

1,977,151 

1,292,670 

H«   Doc.    136. 


'V 


These  Bgures  show  coi-rectlvfVt 
%n  tide-water  on  the  Hudso  f  b^ '^^^^^'?'^'"^  ^*  ^^^  departinir  " 
the  St.  Lawrence:  can.ls,  durin^i  "'^;  ^"''  ^^"'  ^^''^^^  »P  «ind  down 
routes  the  estimates  are  ba.ed  Lt  S^  /'"•.  ^P""  ^^e  MississS 
%re  ho  means  at  hahd  ofesthnHrinJ  J-  ?  ^^'^  '^''^''  obtainable.  There 
.racy  the  "up"  tcjnaoc  of  the 'S^"  '"^  P"'''^'^'^'^  degree  of  accu 
ollovvn,.  tabic  would  2w  the  eS'^^i'  ^"^^^^  "^''^^^  additSns  'hJ 
ferent  routes;  comp  aative  movement  ^^Yfo^  the  dif ' 

Comparative  statement  s/im  '  ' 

and  received  at  s^nf^oard^^lX^i/"^"^  ^-(  'n^chond^sc  .entfnm 
rence  and  Mis.is.yi  rivdijl^^iiot  "^  -«««^  «M  St.  lZ 


Value. 


J^owmtard, 


New  York  canals. 
New  York  railroads. 
St.  Lawrence ...... 

Jlississippi..  .1 ' 


Ppward. 

New  York  canals ]  ■ 

lj*w  York  railroads. ! .' .' .  'j, 

St.  Lawrence . . , 

.Mississippi, ^^  '..""'" 


1,977,1.51 
228,107 
329,621 

1,292,670 


467,901 

89,112 

12p,779 


S53,727,508 

11,405,360 

f',  153,68a 

108,051,708. 


80,739,899 
14,556,000 
|P,950,793 

fe.874,7e2 


The  movement  on  the  renri^vWin;..  r      •  "         '■ 

paranve  .statement,  because  oi^iT^t^'X  T  ""'^'"^  '"  ^^c  com- 
lK)sedtoberepmientedby  theaL»^     "^^^^  ^^'"'clj  is  sun- 

road,  is  shown,     rrhe  amLnt  n  • ,  —   ""^  "m|i"^  ^ortaleS 

was,  10,961  tons,  valued  it  $2,779  731  Ik^^'  t«>^ tonnage  gouig 
iworks  of  Pennsylvania  having Im  enlln  V"^  '""""^^  °^"  ^^^  Public 

fbmtho  produce  of  the  Sta^c?  vt^udi    s  "  f  ''''''°"  '^  ^^^"^'^^  chiefly 

portance.  For  thjs  trade  there  a^wo  0.1?'"'"'  "^"P^^^^e  and  iZ 
Imlroiid,  and  one  by' the  Tido^LT    ""^H^-"~one  by  the  ColumbL 

of  which  ^WU  be  foU  aS^r  '  ''"^  ^'^^  '^'^^'-^  the  tooZ^. 
I    68  '  • 


I 

is 


,   \ 


V 

\ 


^ 


fc*>'. 


/ 


*     / 


/ 


f... 


^   ,§85307 

73,092,414 

-61,105,266 

%  45,452,321 

^?,  34,183,167 

«f^Sj2S,453,408 

!;^  22,761  ;013 

^•17 ,225,322 

18|,924,474 


SMhm 

[#,#4,083 
:;  9%f97373 
81,989,092 
79,779,151 
90,033,256 
7fa93,464 
57.196,122 
60,094,716 
53,782,054 
45,716,045 


857,658,164 


.    The  movdmqnts  for  the  past  year  upon  thlst,La^^T^^^^^^^ 
roul^s  only- arc  given,  for  the  ^a^t  of  convenient  data      The  do^^^ 
■   ward  tonnacre  upon  the  St.  Lawrence  canals  fot^  1850  ^yas/l-,lJo, 

^gJins   329.WL  1951,  upon  wh)ch  ^^^.fZlT^i^'i^^^^^^^^^^ 
The  tonnage  is  estimated  to  correspond  m  value  with  ine  estmiatea 

value  of  simiiar  articles  on  the  Erie  canal. 

SlatemerU  of  property  sek  westward  from  PhUadelphia   by  railroad  h 

1S51. 


Articles. 


Agricultural  productions  not  specified 

Barley '  ■  -  f '•'^'.' 

Cotti 
He 
H  _ 
■Pota 

Seeds 

_^ £turcd. 

Wheat .'......  

Hides,  dry ...--.  - ,«-  ■  - '  HP^T" 

Do.    green • rw^.Mo. 

Leather i. . ». . .  -rto. 

Wool .., -.-• .....do. 

Bo{urds,  plank,  &c.. . *^"- 

Ale,  beer,  and  porter ^^  », 


Amount. 


.....barrels.-.. 


1,422,6001 
7,243i 
1,631,6 
347,4 
52,C 

213,500 

10\ 

l,178,50fl| 
736,0 
684,600| 
196,6 
646,0001 

1.1^1 


|1[>|,Q61,708 
#4,083 
9«4f97,873 
81,989,692 
79,779,151 
9a,033,256 
7f,193,464 
57.196,122 
60,094,716 
63,7S2,054 
45,716,045 


74 


857,658,164 


wrence  and  Portnge 
data.     The  down- 
1850  was  212,135, 
timate  is  made. 
;  wilh  the  estimated 


lihia   by  railroad  k 


Amoimt. 

' 

V 

1,422,600 

- 

,.        7,248- 

1,631,600 

347,400 

..J. 

62,O0D 

■      '^ 

■    661 

•  •  •  >  • 

213,500 



-  T0- 

1. . 

1,178,500 

736,000 

684,600 

196,600 

646,000 

\t,m  •  •.  • 

1,1S« 

t- 

'■:^  :^ 

H.   Doc.  136. 

STATEMENT-eontinued.  . 


Articles. 


manutactured 


Bonnets,  boots,  &c 

Chinawure  and  queJnVw;;^ 
Uotiee 

Drugs  and  medlcYnes'^" "  " 

-m^dods 

Dyestuffs 

Glassware^ " " " 

Groceries ' 

Hardware  and  cutlery 
Bi'gging...... ...__■•■ 

Liquors,  foreign 

Paints 

Salt -'.'"."."."■".■""■■ 

Tobacco 
Anvils. . 

Coal,  mineral 

Copper .  _  _ 

Gypsum 

Iron,  pigs  .....,, \ 

■Iron  castings 

Iron,  bar  and  sheet 
Nails  and  spikes,. 
Machinery..'. 
Spinish  whiting 
Steel. ..:... 

Tin 

Bacon \. . . 

Cheese 

Fish..: v." 

Pot,  pew-i^ii^,  _^ 

Marbi«M':'^r^  .TT  ^ "  "4^'  ■ 

AfiwctiU liral  implementf  K  .'  -  ** ' 
Fflipiture  


^>. 


^S^-r--- 


except 


Paper 

Rags .".! 

Straw  paper 

iT^androsifl.. 


—  *•  «- 
lard  oil). 


899 


'•"^ 

Live  stock.*, 
Numbci 


-  >  rf  •. . . , 


med !.".'** 

r^avelled  .by  emigrants 


•  ..4o^l..... 


Amount. 


5,089,500 
6»111,900 
6,851,700 
2,149,200 
36,514,700 
.03,600 
166,100 
33,735,800 
10,071,600 
193,900 
38,187 
465,300 

44,658  ' 
161,400 
232,60C> 
5,162 
76,800 
1,244 
836,400 
2,480,300 
^,801,300 
561,200 
1,089,400 
460,400 
760,600 
1,247,600 
109,300 
257,700 
33,210 
1,726,500 
2,656,000 
.  7,400 
777,200 
350,377 
1,981,600 
1,530,900 
M),200 
2,620,100—^ 


^   3,359,800 
,  73,600 
66,766 

866,466 
«399^,764  64 


m 


Si 


I 


■•» 


m 


<r 


H.   Doc.  136 


Statement  of  property  received  at  Philadelphia  by  railropd  from  th^  West, 

in  1851. 


J 


Articles. 


tiops 


nficd pounds. 


Deer,  buffalo,  and 
Feather's 


ilioose  skins 


..do. 

..do. 

.feet.. 


pounds 

do  * . 

Furs  and  peltry. ^"-  " 

Leather **^- " 

Wool 

Bark,  ground --  - 

Boards,  plank,  &c 

Drugs  and  medicines , po^ 

Dry  goods - ^ 

Djcstuffs '- ^°--- 

Earthenware — "":  ' " 

Glassware •■  ••' ^''■-• 

Hardware  and  cutlery <{|0-  -  • 

Bagging • • "/*■-■ 

Tobacco,  manufactured. ,. )l"-- 

Whiskey..--.,-.--- g'^"""^- 

Coal,  mineral ^ns  .  . . 

.Copper -1^2 

;'•°"'P'g^: - ■ ■■\i«" 

Iron  castings ^r  •  • 

Iron  blooms  and  anchonies tj"- • 

Iron,  bar  and  sheet -  ^ ^"^  -  • 

Nails  and  spikes .- ^'^  •  • 

Machineiy- .  ■. , .do. . 

Steel '0-- 

Bacon ••'^'^:- 

Beef  and  pork,^ . . harrcla 


Agricultural  productiojis  not  specihcd. . .  .pounas 
Barley bushels..  - .  - 

c^;;;;;-V;;''^'^: :>----- do    -.- 

Cotton ,...---.-.- -.pounds.--.. 

Potatoes. . .  i  s ^° 

geeds ■  -  -v "*^ 

Tobacco,  not  manufactured pounds 

Wheat..,-  --- bushels 


^■i-—-:*;-*.-:*.:  jr  :w:;:irv 


Butter P"""^«- 

•  Cheese do 

Corn-meal -x b^"*^'^- 

Flour ^. . .  -  .do 

iard  and  lard  oil \. pounds. 

fioda  ashes do .. . 

Tallow r «o--" 


Amount. 


4,142,000 

21,048 

31,19.3 

464,59-5 

681,300 

829,600 

451,768 

38,587 

26,039 

6,324,000 

121,656 

463,300 

432,700 

179,600 

JL363,900 

'  3,344,200 

3,064,600 

4,551,100 

4S.400 

1,465,200 

377,800 

215,808 

425,500 

'     689,800 

46,300 

1,500 

632,362 

3,104 

156,100 

2,479,900 

156,100 

1,335,900 

9,071,700^ 

l,759,li)D 

71,000 

11,693,500 
4,543 


1,917,7 

8,000 

6iJ20 

315.267 

3,817,200  I 

I3l,fl 

292J 


■,ad  from  the  Wat, 


H.  Doc.   136/     t 

STATEMENT-Continuedi 


901 


Amount. 

>    «   • 

4,H2,O00 

21,048 

...  1               31,193 

«  -   - 

464,595 

•   •  ■ 

681,300 

i-  -  - 

829,600 

If 

451,768 

mam 

38,587 

■    -    ■ 

26,039 



6,324,000 

121,(556 



463,300 

432,700 



179,600 

5L363,900 
'  3,344,200 



3,064,000 



4,551,100 

•    •    -   » 

48.400 



1,465,200 



377,800 

215,808 

425,500 

... . 

'     689,800 



46,300 



1,500 

•    •   •     - 

632,362 

3,104 



156,100 



2,479,900 

156,100 

1,335,900 

9,071,700^ 

•- ... 

l,759,lflO 

71,000 

^<) 

11,693,500 

4,543 

.    .    •   . 

;"    'T,M7,700 

.  .  -  ^ 

8,000 

&m 

315,267 

3,817,200 

131,000^ 

292^ 

Articles. 

Furniture 

Oil  (except  lard  oil).  .'.'.. ' po"nds  1 

Paper ,1 giiHons . . 

Rags '\' pounds..! 

Straw  paper'. , -Jo 

Live  stock _'  " do 

Passengers,  tfeilcs  travelle(|". .".'." :  ' '^^ 


/^ 


Amount. 


038,000 

1,862 

891,100 

811,800 

986,700 

7,594,700 

4,204.653 


Comparattnc/statcmeht  of 


u^ri  ^.  „,  *■«„„„,,„,  ,^  ^^^^^ 


Aitifi,  anda  and  other 

Koala  cirarrd ' '^ 

B»Con,  pork,  beef.  .'.*. 

K":fr":::::-------- 

Burr  Work.,  rcmfnt.  r.,iil.stonV«', 

Clay,  German  and  fire 

G.lion ;• 

I  Chrrte. , 


barrels, 
pounds 
.numi  er. , 
■pounds., 
...rio.... 
•..«lo.... 
•••do.... 


£"flie 

jFwti .,..^ 

I  Grintdlniits 

iGlitsg 

III.  •••••..., 

|«i''« 

I™  ••■•" 

I  Imn  ore. 

r™a„ing«    .;;;;; 

Il/ailier fi 

iMsrlilB...,  

Ill  'Chandjie  not  specific 

Ill       • • 

t^'-e'Sefs... 

rliisler 

!»"• -'V 

NM(.«!one.. .,.  t_ 
iSind...... 

JSiiwIiiea , 

Ijj'.rnsin.pitc*! 
I"li''  il .... 


d... 


•..pounds. 

do. . . , 

•■••  do..., 

•  ••bB^-rds.. 

•  ••pounds. . 

•• •pounds.. 

•  •  •  •  .do. . . . 

•  • .  .do. . . . 
do. . . . 

••••do.... 

•  •  ..do.. . , 
••  •■  <'o  . . , , 
.  •  •  .ketfs. . , 

numbfr. . . 
I. .  . .  tors, 
.buiih<'l-i.. . 
.  pounds... 
•••■'•o 

■•   •'•> 

..barrels. .. 

•  busheln... 


292,fi87 
4,67« 

Ct)2,26l 

5(i4,  146 
>.  245,  595 
1.927,245 
1.  •i'iS,  767 

290, 12j 


23.  270 
185, 879 

12, 0.SO,  837 " 
264,  4;;0 
li  (109, 498 

.')6i,(i45 
29,701,790 
4,  779, 
1(9" 
10,(94 
173.0.50 
»»«.  I.i5 
5«>9,  290 
1.016.2^9 
3..W8 
19,543 


1,189.017 
4,613 
1.117,541 

765,265 
1.  478,  669 
6,738,287 
1,437,938 

92,396 


23,193 
17(1.94} 


15. 237 

5,310 

695,070 

894,  438 

936, 548 

187, 649 

966,218 

132,936 

37.295 

2,122,069 


4,658,855 

1,672,653' 

618,487 
30,83.5.069 
5,  t'6-> 
89 
9,286 
138,214 
1, 448.  V.55 
421.061 
1, 133,.39:» 
3,535 
461 


l,3ri87293 


1,283.130 

\.. 

1,^54,201 

2..'ia9. 

6.56. 070 

31.944,140 

5.415 

139 

,      8.  103 

199.278 

1,310,400 

5H3. 4S3 

1,<9\926 
3,658 


«  tl* 


H.  Bpc,   13«. 

ent  o)"  downward  tolls  on  the  Susquehanna  and  Tide-water 
canals.  ■  '     , 


Articld. 


ARricuItural  produciB  notj^jIKIfieir.".  .."pomida  »« 

B.icnnanil  beef.. ....  ...< .""••    ■ 

Ba.k » cojds... 

Boats No  .. 

Bricks,  fire  mid  common Uo.... 

Butler,  cheese,  laid, and  tallow pourida. .. 

Coal,  antliraciie tons. . . 

Coal.liiiuminous -. uo. ... 

Charcoal , P"""'''  •  •  • 

Corn  and  other  grain •  •  •  .bu^hl;l8. . . 

Flour '•• barrels. . . 

|gj ",  ^....pounds... 

Iron,  bar  end  railroad,  and  nails. tons. . . 

,Jron,  bloom,  tons,  2,41(4   pounds.., 

#4ron  ore tons. . , 

Iron,  pig  and  cast .^ do.  .., 

;)  Leather ^' pounds.., 

'   Lime hufhels. . 

Limestone perches. . 

'  Liqunr.4,  domeslic barrcs.. 

|Live  stock poiinds. . 

tLqcusi  treeiiaiN ""•  •  •  • 

Luniher,  i-awed .sup.  feet. . 

LumMr,  maple,  cherry,  and  walnut. ....  .do. . . . 

Mercherdi-ie  and  nianufaciures  not  specified. 

Poles;  hoop.  .', 

PaMengers »'%, 

Raf  8. .  . it^P  .  •  i|r 

Seeds,  AjX,  grata,  Ac.  ..^,, 

6hin|;les -i,. ••' 

SUt«^|g<i"gv?> ^-'^ 1^8.. 

Stav^^ . ..  ''!ml 1 "'^'  • 

Sumac^Sn^ved  and  ground  bark.. .  ,,•  •  .pftU"d«. . 

Timbtr'. cubic  feet. 

Tobalco.. pounds. 

Wheat 
W6pd,. 
Wool*. 


1849. 


920,003 

25U,iiHa 

3,301 

C,  173 

1,128.  I$3 

382, e»3 

107,038 

20. 640 

1,005.000 

608, 897 

8U,  458 


1850. 


1851. 

■-izz)- 


332,242 

11.711 

2,654 

6,169 

307,950 

•  388,512 

109,611 

17,679 

30. 000 

109.691 

•  108*  227 


.No.. 

do... 

pounds. . 

....b|Bih'ls.. 

....<.■.■  No. . 


3,212 

2,095 

2,188 

25.409 

1,260.689 

183,971|| 

24.()5ir^ 
54,  :m 

69.7at) 

52,344,215 

270, 478 

571,916 

320,700 

1,377 

12, 479 

16,427 

9,049,58.1 

646 

898, 600 

472^74 

89^417 

» 66,356 

810,575 

,     1,416 

lai.683 


1.307.017 
2,3ia.0!.3 

3,1126 

%fi.Nil 

%.,6!)5 

7ti;);78!l 

'  l-il),37fi 

.20;  6)3  ■ 


fl 


6,334 
2,185 
357 
17,839 
8(^,  32  j 
290, 167 
9,300 
18,265 
1.5,200 
246, 18(1 
62,6-«6,4l6 
395,225 
1,104,740 
326, 307 
■■:&       2.0119 
*   878,633 
8. 2.i9 


8,850,;636 


945 

952,2711 

184,322 

24,076 

49,134 

1,131,767 

3,218 

55,484 


7^,lb2,2S 

217,618 

1.53H,97L 

51b',i90| 

818 

318,#33 

I4>004 

-'9,775,(115 

'   W 

75,5,030 

31)."),  7« 

a4,o;o 

63.1,:i6Sl 
l,t'3},4 
3,57)1 
27,blil 


Value  ofyroduccj 
via  M\ 


•civca  via  cnmils 
')puwhh  Vnited 


OH  the  JIuSson,  and  at  New  Orlcam] 
States  exports  and  impoits. 


YeaTB. 


1840..". 


'Mi^9'9'tf  ■  w~w'w-^  •-•-•■  •  .•-•-■-4 


N.Y.eanalB,attide- 
watof. 


$23,213,672 
22.751.0111 


45,452,321 
60,883,907 
65,480,941 
63,927,509 
66,893,102 


At  New  Orleants. 


Total. 


J$W 

t45.7 16,045 


67,19~g7r22 

70,779,151 

96,897,873 

106.924,083 

108,051,708 


$68,467,50 


"T02,651,4 
130,663,11 
152,378,811 
160,851,591 
174,944,8Id 


mchanna  and  Tidc-uater 


1850. 


-.z=)- 


332,242 

11.711 

2,C54 

6,169 

307,!)50 

■  388,  512 

109,611 

17,679 

30, 000 

109,691 

'  108a  2-27 


1851. 


5 

;8 

16 

JO 

77 

79 

27 

85 

46 

00 

74 

17 

56 

.75 

l.<6 

i83 


6,334 
2,  |8J 
351 
17,839 
8fJ:i,32.) 
290, 167 
9,300 
18,265 
15,200 
246, 180 
62,6-<6,4l6 
395,925 
1,104,740 
326, 307 
%        2,009 
^   278,633 
8, 2o9 
8,850J36 


945 

952,2711 

184,3-22 

84, 0)6 

49,134 

1,131,767 

3,218 

55,484 


1,307,017 
2, 3 1 2, 01.3 

3,ii26 
:%fi,Wil 
m,6n5 

78;);78;» 

•  1-2!),  278 
59i,i(l5 

4,iaJ 

l.Otil 

1,135 

17.K() 

8111,811 

IP'S 

IT 
i| 

,  asfl,— 

77,lb2,2oJ 
817,618 
1.53it,97li 
518,7901 
8181 
318,433 
I4i004 
-9,775,615 

'  mil 

755,030 

311.5, 7«  I 

24,071 

63:);i6S| 

l,t'3-2,4  0 

3,571 

S7,blO 


'son,  and  at  New  Orlcam\ 
rrts  and  imfiorls. 


.716.045 


1,779,151 
,,697,S73 
i,924,083 
(,061,708 


.$G8,4C7,5« 


102,651,4 

130,G63,ua 

152,378,811 

160,851,591 

174,944,81d 


i'-i^i 


,.,:■**?,.. 
■yydje^^i^M^'^3, 


H-    Doe-    m.  ^ 

or  system  of  exchanges  which  exi^TL  ^^"''"^'•^•«'  ««  it  is  a  tradi 
whjch  we  a.  enab  J.  00^^^™?,-^-  ^  ;W^ 

e«s:^  l;roS:;^^ -p^  M^^^^     .h. ..  ..^.  Z. 

k  the  whole  countn.,  scvera    cl2r.,  r.-  "'"^"^'^''^'^  «f  'he  a^^rn-eenTp 
obliged  to  pay  a.coiSii^^^^^^^^^  'he  fact  tSf  ^ 

.sold,  or\exchanged,  in  the  Tape'ofZllr:''-'''^''^^ 
cooperage,  insurance,  etc.,  renders  it  as  "Z  n/^ri  ''""'"S^^  ^"^^^ge 
commerce  of  the  place  where  its  v-iln^  '^^  u  P"''''''^'^  P»«ion  of  ilie 
.^though  they  occurred  each  til  ii"!!!""'^^"^^^ .bj  thise  expense  ! 
p«t^ion.of  thfe  value  of  the  e^e  clSe" oNl"''"^^- ,  /^'^^"^-^  -"'"- 
the;  value  of  the  imports  and  exnort^  .7  7  *^'^^^«'•ld  wouldshow 
countn^ ;  and  yet  su'ch  a  computS  wlSt^',  '""^  ^"''^  "^  •''»  ' 
fof  the  true  "money  value"  or    "quSv-^ 

llg^nto  o««  exchange  ;  or,  in  other  wo^di  h  J  "^  '''"^  ^''^P^^J  ^oter- 
gatc^afductioris  of  the  world  wE'^^  Pf^Port.on  of  the  agm-e- 
mark»ev,ous  to  consumption  in  the./''' -^"^^^^  ""'  P"^  int^  a 
gross  vaTEe  of  the  domestic  trade  wiih.  .^^ft^m^tes,  iheVefore,  the 

arriye-^  at  be  correct,  they  should  nearly  cor^^'^'f'  ""^  '^  ^^'«  ^^"Its 
business  transacted  by  all  the  comm!    •  ^""^^P^nd  with  the  agrrrerrate 

It hasrfjeen  shown  that  the  dor^'''^  ^""'^'  ^"  '^e  countrf?  ^ 
in  1651.  Cas  valued  at^aiM  ^fss'^  TsT "'^^  '-de^i;iakes 
agricultural  produce  to  fluctuate  iri J  •  '^  """''^^  f^S^of  all  " 

»-««.  as  value  composing^t^S^V.^P^^^^^^  ^^  '"'^^JP^^^^ 
|ac  ual  increase  or  decreasi  of  pi  JuS.  rl  '°  ^'^^^on  the 
ot  Buffalo  creek"  show  the  /S^r^proneriv  '"'"'"^  «^  the  district 
and  exports  at  that  port;  and  as  the  S  ' Z^Tf'"^  '^^  '""^P^^^ 
v^O;  fi«r  i^presentaiion  of  the  cha  acter  S'T-  ^  '  >"'  "^'''"^'^  '«  '-^ 
he  tonnage,  and  value  per  ton   of^hZ  ^'^""^^  ^'^^^  commerce, 

Wdasalia^isinascenSfniigLtot  ofT^^^^^^^^  «^' ^hat  port  ^vill  be 
K  the  average  val^  of  exerts  "ndimti'  "°'"'^^'^«-  In  this 
p  ISoer  ion,  whi^  into  S314;473  45rT-  /'  ^^^^^^^ned  tb  be 
bl!?'r^°'''""P«'-'«  and  exports  at  ;ilth7f'^'^^«  ^'971.120 
Nnsed  American  tonnage  cngageH  thi^  trii^     ^^^^  P^''^^"     ^he  li- 

k  which  into  3,971,1^6  t^  gj  .^'frff  ^.L^^'  ^^^>^^^  "^^^^^red 

^»T«-tonTiiM8ufeSent.  or  eigV^^'ton?  gro«« 

jvemence,  received  and  dischaWd  per  t^ '  1^  "?'^  ^'  '"""^  ^*^^ 
r  'J  he  tonnage  of  the  Mississi^i  ami  ir/r".'^- *  "^PP^y'^g  ^his 
t/ 'r;ty-five  per  cent,  in  coSembn  litf^'T''-'  ^«h  an  addi- 


n  ■ 

ii 


/  ! 


904  / 


H.  Doc.   136. 


*■ 


state/the  river  tonnage  at  136,560  measured  t^"»' ^^^^JJI^^J^^^^J^^^^^^^^ 
t^o^v.four  elves  3,2o3,440  tpns.  Adding  onc-ft  utUi,  81J,.J(>0,  ton., 
t^Samoun?  for  flat  .^d  keel-boat  transportation,  and  the  ngor,. 
gate  sroe^aS  groas  tons.  The  average  value  per  ton  0  su^-h  pop 
frtv  deceived  at  N^w  Orleans  during  the  year  ending  August  31. 1S52, 
wS$83  SSlwhch  is  assumed  as  a  fair  representative  value  ot  ihe 
Xle  trade  The  gross  value  of  the  river  commerce  m  IbGl  wa« 
$33t602.744;  and^^  total  of  lake  and  river,  according  to  these 

estimates,  $663,976,203.  ,  ,     Tlnitprl  StiUp«ia 

.  None  of  the  enrolled  and  licensed  tonnage  otthe^Un.tulK^^^^^^ 

i»7,4/t>  oi  wmi-u   v,i         b  fo  "coasting  trade."    The 

tlt^of'tTake   and';!^^^^^  in  the  "  Coasting  trad." 

rSiSedinlt  treasury. returns.  The  treasury  return,^^^^^^^^ 
show  that  the  aggregate  registn^d,  enrolled,  and  hccusecl  tonnrtg..  h.is 
Wr«nted^nc^  June  30, 1851,  by  about  ten  per  cent.  It  th...  ,„- 
c^e^ronen  per  cent,  be  added  to  1>864,318  tons,  an  aggregate  is  .,r- 
SatfJr  18^52.  of  2,039,749  tons  of  shipping  employed  in  out  A. 
rived  at  lor  looa,  ui  -*,       ,    ,        ,  ,.  bes  des  considerable  rcms- 

marked  Ctlm^  a  large  proportion  ot  this  tonnage  is  sa^  and,  t  ere- 
tore  incapable  of  as  freqSent. trips  as  steam.  An  investigation,  1.,,,- 
lore,  ^"^^P^;^  "  ,  .  *  littfe  difterencc  in  the  carrying  capanty 
^^rn'raltrem^^^^^^^  fuel  and  machinery  of  steamers  take  up, 

TmuchT^m"  and  add  so  largely  to  the  weight,  that  but  a  small  prJ 
^r^n  oSht  is  required  to  put  a  steamer  in  the  "nassage  trade 
Kunnng  tnm."  Hence,  the  annual  "carrying  traae"  ot  a  large 
llamerTlenernlly  less  per  ton  measurement  than  hat  of  a  sa.ln.« 
tS  As^somc  ot  this  coasting  tonnage  is  employed  only  in  s«rnm|r 
*!fia  W  thii  maior  Dortion  of  it  during  the  wliole  year,  the  capacity 
^^tt  X^eS  assumed  i/this  estimate  at  20  gross  ,o J 

S  forms  an  aggregate  of  property  received  and  discharged,  .n  1, 
transaction olour  domestic  tr4dc,  of  40,794  980  tons;  which  estimatcdl 
The  mean  value  ($81  36)  pe...  ton  of  tl«3  Ijdce  and  nver  commerce  ol 
is:i5    would  cuiibtiiule  a  gross  sum  ot  $u,JlJ,UoJ,u<«.  i 

A  tow  S  gi.e  18,0(W.000  ton.,  valued  at  S«6  the  ton,  n„Jl« 

Thire  are  also-completed  in  this  country,  WrdU  ratTea^f  ra^r^ 
but  as  2  600  miles  have  been  opened  since  January  1 , 1 8o2,  only  M 
^l^crL  considered  aB  having  participated  Hi  t^ 
SveriS  of  the  longest  freight  Unes  have  received  and  delivered  an  ad 
SL^S  amountinl^  an  average  of  2.000  tons  per  mile ;  but  as  m»j 
gpaXaSmparativelyl^  fteighting  business,  the  average^ 


t  " 


■/'■#■■• 


h-  Doc.  196.  .  ni^fc 

wmed will  be  1 ,000 tons  nf»r  mi  ' 

cons,  whicb,  from  the  aetien]  o)!r  ^  ^  ^'*''®  ^'W^nes^  of  la.SIfi  05« 

at  $100  the  ton:  this  w^Mlr^fve^^^^t'  '^"*''''  fr^tfmay  be^afued 

ST"^"^  '"  «l,08l,5§;^OoX    ^^"^'^'^  "^^«««  ^^J^^  eoS 

J^up  o/ouJ  ;?S^^d;:''g;;'';^*|-tc^  of  con^ting  th. 

tlw  fairness  of  this  statement  caftnorf^""^  data  can  be  arriv^  i2 

as  the  nearest  apnroximSnihau-.n'hf"''"'^'  '^"^^  «  «  ^"^7  P0t1»S 
preseftt  systqm  of  internal  UnA.     f  ^  ma^o  to  aceur^y/under  o2  • 

results  h--  obrainermav  nm^Hrt^^^^^^      '^"^  ^'^"^  ths^^ZtC 

mde  to  a  full  mvestigatio^orhr  ,,&^^^^^^  ^:^i^  impaS 

<'•"«•  'J*^*'*''3^thecplIe^ctionofauthektic 

It  Has  been  customarv  herptnfnr^  ■  .  • 
?r''l!°??"  the  net  m7ney-vl?SilZn  "^  "P  these  or  similar  e«i. 
Though  this  process  may  corre^lfv  LCfp  r/""''"t^^^''^g^««««'«ou«i 
ed  .t  will  by  no  means  d.x-idrtStth?sVn^ ''""'^'^''^^  tons  transport- 
and  re-entered,  several  times,  nto  thJ^!.  f  P'-^^Perty  has  not  entSed 
pomt  to  point  in  search  of  a  ^rsorn^^^^^^^'  account,  as  it  moved  fr^rn 
'ollowmg  tabular  statements,  shdW.h'''"  ^'""^T'^"^'^'  however, The  ' 
are  presented;  '"'  '*'*''^^"g  the  gross  and  net  tons  and  value 


I    «■  ] 


f 


185  J. 


KICT. 


Tons. 


Vakie. 


^'-  «U)M. 


Ukeeommeroe I     ,  ^.  _„„  , 

,  Riwr commerce ::;■■•      o'o^V^      IJ57,23B,rg9 

'    2.0A400I      I69,75J,372 


A«»n-egat<..........n;y,Q— 


Estimate  of  1652. 


Tom. 


3,971,ia6 

4,«6C,800 


Value. 


*314,473,468 
339,502,744 


3^.»88.,01    j    8.037.926  j-lii:^^ 


ORosa. 


Tons. 


Value. 


ICoMtiBgtrade....  on  «•(»  ..,^  I  I  "■"■ " — 

|Cu»l  commerce.... :::""      9  ^'^     11.659.519.686  !  40,794  980      *i  ^10  noa  »-. 


5f  588, 539, 378 


I  "  '^^"'  "'  "ver  twcntv-n 

iwenty  per  cent,  increase  of  tonnage      *  '""^  "'  "^^^^  ant* 

rapb.  at  a  p««f  «f  i:«i_  i.     .M^®"ty  thousand  miles  of  m„„„»..v.  *„i  " 


--la 


906 


H.  Doc.  138. 


theo^elves  t«the  minds  of  all  i^J-%ent^.-.    l^^;^^:;^^:^^ 

^^'^V      frfrkerS^fi^herierand  our  CaliD.rnia  trade,  that  as  cnrried 
cod,  and  mackerel  nsneriea,  ai "  ,.  ^_^     -^^  astonishing. 

on  in  registered  bottoms,  its  ""-^8"*^";^^^^^^^^^^^  hy 

The  fact  that  our  domestip  f  ^^'l^^^^^^J;^^^  „  trSWportu  ti.n,  s.l^ 

t&h  r  SiSsr  c;?proCt  is  paid,  and  ^^^ in.t^  -do  ,^cm^^^ 
actively  and  profitably  «vf  *'«'.'"^'^,?.*7.!^i^^^^^^^^^^  miles 

less  tbah  one  hundred  ^" ^T  ^nf  r     waf  S^^^^^^^^^  ""1^^ 

of  canal,  thirteen  thomsand  ^^^^^^  "^£^^r.^y;jXS  tl^llars,  is  one 
of  telegraph,  cost  ng  Ihoni  four  ^uncl red  .nd  ^g^^n  of  Bf  energy, 
calculated  not  only  to  astonish,  b"^  to  exc  te  ad  mm  ^^^^  ^ 

industry,  and  enterprise  which,  m  so  short  a  peuou,  uutc         ^  ^ 
high  position.  <-/  "  '' 


,v 


<(k 


■ii 


^    :V 


/■ 


\ 


'  •     <►• 


.  ..••#, 


gtr      '       ■ 


< ', 


>   <- 


-»™7- 


.9 


\v   ■ 


v« 


'*««- 


^, 


% 


'^t 


ERRATA 


.  Pag*  51  J„  table, ''Excess  of  lake  and  river"->i„,te«l  of '.  1 406"  rriTo 
.P^e  52.  third  line  from  the  top-for  "Mter"  read >"Il  '         '''       ^ 

1^  m,  fifth  para^ph-for  "  Bad  rirer  "  read  Mad  river  • 

Pag»'jr7,  in  the  heading  of  export  tabl^— f„r  "  total  etnort*  "  ™nj  — .•    •    ,  " 

*» <«,m tte bai of  Mblo-for "St. -l_"r„d a  ^1,., 


<^| 


"•ff 


I'. 


.v>  '§ 


J.I.  » ,  «•• 


li^**.- 


■TT- 


V     \ 


,%>■ 


'Vit 


I .  s  '  -.  ■• 


-^ 


f 

' 

; 

T'." 

# 

. 

'■ 

t) 

/  ^ 

' .'  ,1 

• 

e  i 

'i 

- 

-          * 

■?.'•'.«   ♦:'  :,y '  ' 

a 

t       :*■'!■ 
-     -• -i 

' '"-i;  l'    :. 

I 

■ .    •»  ■■ — 

* 

